Mgodi ukukulirakulira chaka chilichonse - 30 m, malinga ndi malipoti amakampani.
Pamene kuya kukuchulukirachulukira, momwemonso kufunikira kwa mpweya wabwino ndi kuziziritsa, ndipo Howden amadziwa izi kuchokera pazomwe akugwira ntchito ndi migodi yakuya kwambiri ku South Africa.
Howden idakhazikitsidwa mu 1854 ndi James Howden ku Scotland ngati kampani ya engineering ya m'madzi ndipo adalowa ku South Africa mzaka za m'ma 1950 kuti athandizire zosowa za mafakitale amigodi ndi magetsi.Pofika m'zaka za m'ma 1960, kampaniyo idathandizira kukonzekeretsa migodi ya golide yakuya kwambiri mdziko muno ndi njira zonse zodutsira mpweya ndi kuziziritsa zomwe zimafunikira kuti achotse ma mile a miyala pansi pa nthaka mosamala komanso moyenera.
“Poyamba, mgodiwo unkangogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino ngati njira yozizirira, koma pamene kuya kwa migodi kunachulukira, kuziziritsa kwa makina kunali kofunika kuti kulipirire kuchuluka kwa kutentha kwa mgodi,” Teunes Wasserman, mkulu wa dipatimenti ya Howden’s Mine Cooling and Compressors, anauza IM.
Migodi yambiri ya golide ku South Africa yayika zoziziritsa kukhosi za Freon™ centrifugal pamwamba ndi pansi kuti zipereke kuziziritsa koyenera kwa ogwira ntchito mobisa ndi zida.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zasintha, makina opangira kutentha kwa makina apansi panthaka anali ovuta, chifukwa kuzizira kwa makinawo kunali kochepa chifukwa cha kutentha komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotuluka, Wasserman adatero.Nthawi yomweyo, madzi a mu mgodiwo anaipitsidwa kwambiri ndi zotenthetsera zigoba ndi chubu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira koyambirira kwa centrifugal.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, migodi inayamba kupopa mpweya wozizira kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi.Ngakhale izi zimawonjezera mphamvu yoziziritsa, zomangamanga zofunikira zimatenga malo mu silo ndipo ndondomekoyi ndi mphamvu komanso mphamvu zambiri.
Pofuna kuthana ndi mavutowa, migodi ikufuna kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira womwe umabweretsedwa pansi kudzera m'madzi ozizira.
Izi zidalimbikitsa a Howden kuti akhazikitse zoziziritsa kukhosi za amino m'migodi ku South Africa, koyamba motsatira pambuyo pa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zidalipo kale.Izi zapangitsa kuti kuchuluke kwa kuchuluka kwa zoziziritsa kukhosi zomwe zitha kuperekedwa kumigodi ya golide ya pansi pa nthaka iyi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kutentha kwamadzi pamtunda kuchokera pa 6-8°C mpaka 1°C.Mgodiwu utha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zopangira mapaipi amigodi omwewo, ambiri omwe adayikidwa kale, pomwe akuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuzizirira komwe kumaperekedwa ku zigawo zakuya.
Pafupifupi zaka 20 pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa WRV 510, Howden, wosewera wotsogola pamsika, adapanga WRV 510, cholumikizira chachikulu cha block screw chokhala ndi rotor ya 510 mm.Inali imodzi mwa ma screw compressor akulu kwambiri pamsika panthawiyo komanso yofanana ndi kukula kwa module yoziziritsa yomwe imayenera kuziziritsa migodi yaku South Africa.
"Izi ndizosintha masewera chifukwa migodi imatha kukhazikitsa chozizira chimodzi cha 10-12 MW m'malo mwa gulu laozizira," adatero Wasserman."Panthawi yomweyo, ammonia ngati firiji yobiriwira ndiyoyenera kuphatikiza ma screw compressor ndi zosinthira kutentha kwa mbale."
Malingaliro a ammonia adakhazikitsidwa mwadongosolo komanso miyezo yachitetezo cha ammonia kumakampani amigodi, Howden akugwira ntchito yofunikira popanga.Zasinthidwa ndikuphatikizidwa mu malamulo aku South Africa.
Kupambanaku kukuwonekera ndi kuyika kwa mphamvu ya refrigeration ya 350 MW ya ammonia ndi migodi ya migodi ya South Africa, yomwe imadziwika kuti ndi yaikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Koma luso la Howden ku South Africa silinayimire pamenepo: mu 1985 kampaniyo inawonjezera makina oundana pamwamba pa makina oziziritsa a mgodi.
Pamene njira zoziziritsira pansi ndi pansi pa nthaka zikuchulukitsidwa kapena zimawoneka zodula kwambiri, migodi ikufunika njira yatsopano yozizirira kuti iwonjezere migodi mpaka kuya.
Howden adayika chomera chake choyamba chopanga ayezi (chitsanzo chomwe chili pansipa) mu 1985 ku EPM (East Rand Proprietary Mine) kum'mawa kwa Johannesburg, komwe kumakhala ndi kuzizira komaliza kozungulira 40 MW ndi ayezi wokwanira 4320 t/h.
Maziko a ntchito ndi mapangidwe ayezi pamwamba ndi kunyamula kudzera mu mgodi ku madzi oundana apansi panthaka, kumene madzi a madzi oundana amawazungulira m'malo ozizira pansi pa nthaka kapena amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati madzi opangira zitsime.Kenako ayezi wosungunukawo amaupoperanso pamwamba.
Phindu lalikulu la makina opangira ayezi ndi kuchepetsa ndalama zopopera, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi madzi ozizira pamwamba pa 75-80%.Zimabwera ku "mphamvu yozizira yomwe imasungidwa pakusintha kwamadzi," adatero Wasserman, akufotokoza kuti 1kg / s ya ayezi imakhala ndi mphamvu yoziziritsa yofanana ndi 4.5-5kg / s ya madzi oundana.
Chifukwa cha "mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri", dziwe la pansi pa nthaka likhoza kusungidwa pa 2-5 ° C kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha kwa malo ozizirira mpweya wapansi panthaka, ndikuwonjezeranso mphamvu yozizirira.
Ubwino winanso wa kufunikira kwa malo opangira magetsi oundana ku South Africa, dziko lomwe limadziwika ndi gridi yake yosakhazikika, ndi kuthekera kwa kachitidwe kogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosungira kutentha, komwe ayezi amapangidwa ndikuunjikana m'madamu oundana apansi panthaka komanso panthawi yachiwombankhanga..
Phindu lomalizali lapangitsa kuti pakhale pulojekiti ya mgwirizano wamakampani wothandizidwa ndi Eskom pomwe a Howden akufufuza kugwiritsa ntchito makina opangira madzi oundana kuti achepetse kufunika kwa magetsi, ndi milandu yoyeserera ku Mponeng ndi Moab Hotsong, migodi yakuya kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
"Tinazizira damu usiku (pambuyo pa maola) ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi kusungunula ayezi ngati gwero la kuziziritsa kwa mgodi panthawi yovuta kwambiri," adatero Wasserman."Magawo oziziritsa oyambira amazimitsidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa katundu pagululi."
Izi zidapangitsa kuti pakhale makina oundana a ayezi ku Mponeng, komwe a Howden adamaliza ntchitoyo kuphatikiza zida zamtundu, zamagetsi ndi zamakina za makina oundana a 12 MW, 120 t/h.
Zowonjezera zaposachedwa pa njira yoziziritsira ya Mponeng zikuphatikiza ayezi wofewa, madzi oziziritsa pamwamba, zoziziritsa kumtunda (BACs) ndi makina ozizirira pansi pansi.kukhalapo m'madzi am'migodi kuchuluka kwa mchere wosungunuka ndi ma chloride panthawi yantchito.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa South Africa ndikuyang'ana njira zothetsera mavuto, osati zogulitsa zokha, zikupitilizabe kusintha machitidwe a firiji padziko lonse lapansi, akutero.
Monga Wasserman ananenera, pamene migodi yambiri ikupita mozama ndi malo ochulukirapo m'migodi, n'zosavuta kuona njira zothetsera vutoli zomwe zimapezeka m'madera ena a dziko lapansi.
Meinhardt adati: "Howden wakhala akutumiza teknoloji yake yoziziritsa mumigodi ku South Africa kwa zaka zambiri.Mwachitsanzo, tidapereka njira zoziziritsira migodi kumigodi yagolide yapansi panthaka ku Nevada m'ma 1990.
"Tekinoloje yochititsa chidwi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi ina ya ku South Africa ndikusungira madzi oundana otenthetsera katundu - mphamvu yamafuta imasungidwa m'madamu akulu oundana.Madzi oundana amapangidwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yayitali kwambiri, "adatero.“Mwachizoloŵezi, mafiriji amapangidwa kuti azikhala ndi kutentha kwambiri komwe kumatha kufika maola atatu patsiku m’miyezi yachilimwe.Komabe, ngati mutha kusunga mphamvu zoziziritsa, mutha kuchepetsa mphamvuyo. ”
"Ngati muli ndi ndondomeko yokhala ndi chiwongoladzanja chokwera kwambiri ndipo mukufuna kukweza mitengo yotsika mtengo panthawi yomwe simukusowa, njira zopangira ayezi zimatha kukhala bizinesi yamphamvu," adatero."Malipiro oyambira opangira mafakitale amatha kuchepetsa mtengo wogwirira ntchito."
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, BAC, yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'migodi ya ku South Africa kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ikukula kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe achikhalidwe a BAC, mibadwo yaposachedwa ya ma BAC imakhala ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa omwe adawatsogolera, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wa mgodi komanso malo ocheperako.Amaphatikizanso gawo loziziritsa pakufunika (CoD) mu nsanja ya Howden Ventsim CONTROL, yomwe imangosintha kutentha kwa mpweya wa kolala kuti igwirizane ndi zosowa zapansi panthaka.
Chaka chatha, Howden wapereka ma BAC atatu atsopano kwa makasitomala ku Brazil ndi Burkina Faso.
Kampaniyo imathanso kupanga njira zosinthira makonda pazovuta zogwirira ntchito;chitsanzo chaposachedwa ndi kukhazikitsa 'kwapadera' kwa BAC ammonia coolers kwa OZ Minerals pa mgodi wa Carrapateena ku South Australia.
"Howden anaika condensers youma ndi Howden ammonia kompresa ndi kutsekedwa loop youma mpweya ozizira ku Australia pakalibe madzi alipo," Wasserman anati za kukhazikitsa."Powona kuti uku ndi kukhazikitsa 'zowuma' osati zoziziritsa kutsitsi zomwe zimayikidwa m'madzi, zozizirazi zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino."
Kampaniyo pakali pano ikuyesa njira yowunikira nthawi yayitali ya chomera cha 8 MW kumtunda kwa BAC (chithunzi pansipa) chopangidwa ndikumangidwa pamgodi wa Yaramoko Fortuna Silver (omwe kale anali Roxgold) ku Burkina Faso.
Dongosololi, lomwe limayang'aniridwa ndi fakitale ya Howden ku Johannesburg, limalola kampaniyo kulangiza zakusintha bwino komanso kukonza bwino kuti mbewuyo igwire bwino ntchito yake.BAC unit ku Caraiba mining complex ku Ero Copper, Brazil idapangidwanso kuti igwiritse ntchito izi.
Pulatifomu ya Total Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) ikupitiliza kupanga maubale okhazikika owonjezera mtengo ndipo kampaniyo ikhazikitsa maphunziro awiri otheka a Ventilation On Demand (VoD) mdziko muno mu 2021.
Kumalire a dziko la Zimbabwe, kampaniyo ikugwira ntchito yomwe ipangitsa kuti zitseko zodziwikiratu zitseguke m'migodi yapansi panthaka, ndikuzilola kuti zitseguke pakanthawi kosiyanasiyana ndikupereka mpweya wozizira wokwanira kutengera zosowa zagalimoto.
Kukula kwaukadaulo kumeneku, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamigodi zomwe zilipo komanso magwero azinthu zapashelufu, kudzakhala gawo lofunikira lazinthu zamtsogolo za Howden.
Zokumana nazo za a Howden ku South Africa: Phunzirani momwe mungapangire njira zoziziritsira kuti muthane ndi kuchepa kwa madzi pamigodi ya golide wakuya, momwe mungapangire njira zothanirana ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kuti mupewe mavuto a gridi, ndi momwe mungakwaniritsire zina mwazofunikira kwambiri za mpweya wabwino.Kutentha ndi zofunikira zaumoyo wapantchito padziko lonse Lamulo - lipitiliza kulipira migodi padziko lonse lapansi.
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