Zikomo chifukwa chochezera Nature.com.Msakatuli wa msakatuli omwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ali ndi chithandizo chochepa cha CSS.Kuti mukhale ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwambiri, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito msakatuli wosinthidwa (kapena muzimitsa mawonekedwe ogwirizana mu Internet Explorer).Pakalipano, kuti titsimikizire kuti kupitirizabe kuthandizidwa, tidzawonetsa malo opanda masitayelo ndi JavaScript.
Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limadza chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu.Kugawa kwa malo kwa zinthu zomwe zingakhale poizoni (PTEs) zimasiyana m'madera ambiri a m'matauni ndi ozungulira midzi.Chifukwa chake, n'zovuta kulosera zamtundu wa PTEs m'nthaka yoteroyo.Chiwerengero cha zitsanzo 115 chinapezedwa kuchokera ku Frydek Mistek ku Czech Republic.), magnesium ndi potassium nickM (potaziyamu) ndi potassium nickM inductively kuphatikiza plasma emission spectrometry.Mayankho osiyanasiyana ndi Ni ndi zoloserazo ndi Ca, Mg, ndi K.Matrix ogwirizana pakati pa kuyankha kosiyana ndi kusinthika kwamtsogolo kumasonyeza mgwirizano wokhutiritsa pakati pa zinthuzo.Zotsatira zoloserazo zinasonyeza kuti Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR) inachita bwino, ngakhale kuti muzu wake umatanthauza cholakwika cha square/kg.5616 (RMSO616) (RMSO69) (5kg. .946 mg / kg) zinali zapamwamba kuposa njira zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zitsanzo zosakanikirana za Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Multiple Linear Regression (EBK-MLR) zimagwira ntchito bwino, monga zikuwonetsedwa ndi ma coefficients of determination zosakwana 0.1.The Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Support Vector Machine Regression (EBK / 9kg) chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha MA / SVM7 (EBK-SVM7) chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cha EBK / SVM7 (77.368 mg/kg) ma values and high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.637) EBK-SVMR modelling output ikuwoneka pogwiritsa ntchito mapu odzipangira okha.Clustered neuron mu ndege ya hybrid model CakMg-EBK-SVMR imasonyeza mitundu ingapo yamitundu yomwe imawonetsa zotsatira zamtundu wa Niperi ndi SVM m'matauni. ndi njira yothandiza yolosera za kuchuluka kwa Ni mu dothi lakumatauni ndi lozungulira tawuni.
Nickel (Ni) amaonedwa kuti ndi micronutrient kwa zomera chifukwa zimathandiza kuti mumlengalenga nayitrogeni fixation (N) ndi urea kagayidwe, zonse zofunika kuti mbewu kumera. Kuphatikiza pa zomwe zimathandiza kuti mbewu kumera, Ni akhoza kuchita ngati fungal ndi bakiteriya inhibitor ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. feteleza opangidwa ndi ckel kuti apititse patsogolo nitrogen fixation2.Kupitiriza kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nickel kuti nthaka ikhale yolemera komanso kuti nyemba zizitha kukonza nayitrogeni m'nthaka mosalekeza zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa nickel m'nthaka. trient for plant growth1.According to Liu3, Ni wapezeka kuti 17th yofunika chinthu chofunika pa chitukuko cha zomera ndi kukula.Kuwonjezera faifi tambala mu chitukuko ndi kukula zomera, anthu amafunikira izo zosiyanasiyana applications.Electroplating, kupanga nickel-based alloys kuwonjezera, ndi kupanga poyatsira zipangizo ndi spark nickel mafakitale m'mafakitale onse spark nickel mafakitale. -aloyi ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi electroplated zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu kitchenware, ballroom accessories, food industry, magetsi, waya ndi chingwe, turbines jet, implants opangira opaleshoni, nsalu, ndi shipbuilding5. kuphulika kwa canic, zomera, moto wa nkhalango, ndi zochitika za geological;komabe, magwero a anthropogenic akuphatikizapo mabatire a nickel / cadmium mumakampani azitsulo, electroplating, kuwotcherera kwa arc, dizilo ndi mafuta amafuta, komanso mpweya wotuluka mumlengalenga wochokera kumoto wamalasha ndi zinyalala zowotcha Nickel accumulation7,8.Malingana ndi Freedman ndi Hutchinson9 ndi Manyiwa et.10, magwero akuluakulu a kuipitsidwa kwa dothi la pamwamba pa malo omwe ali pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo makamaka ndi smelters opangidwa ndi nickel-copper-based smelters ndi migodi.Nthaka yapamwamba yozungulira Sudbury nickel-copper refinery ku Canada inali ndi chiwerengero chapamwamba kwambiri cha kuipitsidwa kwa nickel pa 26,000 mg / kg11. 11. Malinga ndi Alms et al.12, kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala HNO3-extractable m'dera pamwamba zolimidwa nthaka (nickel kupanga Russia) ranged kuchokera 6.25 kuti 136.88 mg/kg, lolingana ndi tanthauzo la 30.43 mg/kg ndi m'munsi ndende ya 25 mg/kg kulowetsa kapena kuipitsa nthaka.Zotsatira zomwe zingatheke za nickel mwa anthu zingayambitse khansa kudzera mu mutagenesis, kuwonongeka kwa chromosomal, kubadwa kwa Z-DNA, kutsekedwa kwa DNA excision kukonza, kapena epigenetic process13.Pakuyesa kwa nyama, nickel yapezeka kuti ikhoza kuyambitsa zotupa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo ma carcinogenic nickel complexes angapangitse zotupa zoterezi.
Kuwunika kwa kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka kwakula kwambiri posachedwapa chifukwa cha zovuta zambiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi zomwe zimabwera chifukwa cha maubwenzi a nthaka ndi zomera, nthaka ndi nthaka, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe, ndi kuwunika kwa chilengedwe. ive nthaka mapping (PSM).According to Minasny and McBratney16, predictive soil mapping (DSM) has proven to be a prominent subdiscipline of soil science.Lagacherie and McBratney, 2006 define DSM as “the creation and filling of spatial soil information systems through use of in spatial and laboratory systems in spatial and laboratory systems”. t al.17 ikufotokoza kuti DSM kapena PSM yamakono ndiyo njira yothandiza kwambiri yolosera kapena kupanga mapu ogawa malo a PTEs, mitundu ya nthaka ndi katundu wa nthaka.Geostatistics ndi Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA) ndi njira zachitsanzo za DSM zomwe zimapanga mapu a digito mothandizidwa ndi makompyuta pogwiritsa ntchito deta yofunika komanso yochepa.
Deutsch18 ndi Olea19 amatanthauzira geostatistics ngati "kusonkhanitsa kwa manambala omwe amakhudzana ndi kuyimira kwa malo, makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zachikale, monga momwe kusanthula kwanthawi kumasonyezera zanthawi."Makamaka, geostatistics imakhudzanso kuwunika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imalola Kuwerengera ndikutanthauzira kudalira kwamitengo yamalo kuchokera ku dataset20.Gumiaux et al.20 ikuwonetsanso kuti kuwunika kwa ma variograms mu geostatistics kumatengera mfundo zitatu, kuphatikiza (a) kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana kwa data, (b) kuzindikira ndi kupanga anisotropy pakusiyana kwa dataset ndi (c) kuwonjezera pa Kuphatikiza kutengera cholakwika chobadwa nacho cha muyeso wa data wolekanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'derali, njira zofananira ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'derali. ziwerengero, kuphatikizapo kriging wamba, co-kriging, kriging wamba, epirical Bayesian kriging, njira yosavuta ya kriging ndi njira zina zodziwika bwino zomasulira mapu kapena kulosera PTE, mawonekedwe a nthaka, ndi mitundu ya nthaka.
Machine Learning Algorithms (MLA) ndi njira yatsopano yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito magulu akuluakulu a data omwe sali ofanana, omwe amalimbikitsidwa ndi ma aligorivimu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamigodi ya data, kuzindikira machitidwe mu data, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza kumagulu a sayansi ya nthaka ndi ntchito zobwerera.22 (nkhalango zosawerengeka zowerengera zitsulo zolemera mu dothi laulimi), Sakizadeh et al.23 (kujambula pogwiritsa ntchito makina othandizira vekitala ndi maukonde opangira neural) kuwononga nthaka) .Kuonjezera apo, Vega et al.24 (NTHAWI yowonetsera kusungirako zitsulo zolemera ndi kutsatsa m'nthaka) Sun et al.25 (ntchito ya cubist ndi kugawa Cd mu nthaka) ndi ma aligorivimu ena monga k-oyandikana nawo, generalized boosted regression, ndi boosted regression Mitengo inagwiritsanso ntchito MLA kulosera PTE m'nthaka.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms a DSM pakulosera kapena kupanga mapu kumakumana ndi zovuta zingapo.Olemba ambiri amakhulupirira kuti MLA ndi yapamwamba kuposa geostatistics ndi mosemphanitsa.Ngakhale kuti imodzi ili yabwino kuposa ina, kuphatikiza kwa ziwirizi kumawongolera kuchuluka kwa kulondola kwa mapu kapena kulosera mu DSM15.Woodcock ndi Gopal26 Finke27;Pontius ndi Cheuk28 ndi Grunwald29 amathirira ndemanga pa zofooka ndi zolakwika zina pakupanga mapu a nthaka.Asayansi a nthaka ayesa njira zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse bwino, kulondola, ndi kuneneratu kwa mapu a DSM ndi kulosera.15 ikuwonetsa kuti machitidwe otsimikizira ndi kusatsimikizika koyambitsidwa ndi kupanga mapu ndi kulosera kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa payekhapayekha kuti kuwongolera mapu.Zocheperako za DSM ndichifukwa cha dothi lomwazika, lomwe limaphatikizapo chigawo cha kusatsimikizika;komabe, kusowa kwachidziwitso mu DSM kungabwere kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zolakwika, zomwe ndi zolakwika za covariate, zolakwika zachitsanzo, zolakwika za malo, ndi Zolakwika za analytical 31.Zolakwika za chitsanzo zomwe zimapangidwira mu MLA ndi njira za geostatistical zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwa chidziwitso, potsirizira pake kumabweretsa kuwonjezereka kwa ndondomeko yeniyeni32. maulosi, kapena kutanthauzira33.Posachedwapa, njira yatsopano ya DSM yatulukira yomwe imalimbikitsa kugwirizanitsa geostatistics ndi MLA mu mapu ndi kulosera.Asayansi angapo a nthaka ndi olemba, monga Sergeev et al.34;Subbotina et al.35;Tarasov et al.36 ndi Tarasov et al.37 agwiritsa ntchito luso lolondola la geostatistics ndi kuphunzira pamakina kuti apange mitundu yosakanizidwa yomwe imapititsa patsogolo luso la kulosera komanso kupanga mapu.Khalidwe labwino. Ian matectionstest38.
Malinga ndi Sergeev et al., kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zowonetsera zimatha kuthetsa zolakwika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya mtundu wosakanizidwa womwe umachitika m'malo mopanga mtundu wake umodzi. Pankhani iyi, pepala latsopanoli likunena kuti ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito algorithm yophatikiza ya geostatistics ndi MLA kuti mupange mitundu yofananira yosakanizidwa kuti ineneretu kutukuka kwa Ni m'matauni ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. phatikizani ndi kusakaniza ndi Support Vector Machine (SVM) ndi Multiple Linear Regression (MLR).Kuphatikizika kwa EBK ndi MLA iliyonse sikudziwika. Mitundu yosakanikirana ingapo yomwe imawonedwa ndi kuphatikiza wamba, zotsalira, zosinthika kriging, ndi MLA.EBK ndi njira yomasulira ya geostatistical yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusanja kwapang'onopang'ono kwapang'onopang'ono pamunda, kulola kusinthasintha kwa malo39.EBK yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo kusanthula kagayidwe ka carbon organic mu dothi lafamu40, kuyesa kuipitsidwa kwa nthaka41 ndi kupanga mapu a nthaka42.
Kumbali ina, Self-Organising Graph (SeOM) ndi njira yophunzirira yomwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nkhani zosiyanasiyana monga Li et al.43, Wang ndi al.44, Hossain Bhuiyan et al.45 ndi Kebonye et al.46 Dziwani za malo ndi magulu a zinthu.Wang et al.44 ikufotokoza kuti SeOM ndi njira yamphamvu yophunzirira yomwe imadziwika kuti imatha kupanga magulu ndi kulingalira mavuto osagwirizana ndi mzere.Mosiyana ndi njira zina zozindikiritsa chitsanzo monga kusanthula kwachigawo chachikulu, kusanjana kosadziwika bwino, kusakanikirana kwa hierarchical, ndi kupanga zisankho zamitundu yambiri, SeOM ili bwino pakukonzekera ndi kuzindikira PTE mapatani.44, SeOM ikhoza kugawa m'magulu agawidwe a ma neuroni okhudzana ndikupereka mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Pepalali likufuna kupanga chithunzi cholimba cha mapu olondola kwambiri polosera zamtundu wa faifi tambala m'dothi la m'tawuni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni.Choncho, tidzayesa kuyankha mafunso ofufuza omwe angapereke zitsanzo zosakanikirana.Komabe, kodi chitsanzocho ndi cholondola bwanji pakulosera zomwe mukufuna?Komanso, ndi mlingo wotani wa kuwunika koyenera kutengera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuwunika kolondola?Choncho, zolinga zenizeni za phunziroli zinali (a) kupanga chitsanzo chosakanikirana cha SVMR kapena MLR pogwiritsa ntchito EBK (c) yerekezerani zotsatira za chitsanzo chosakanikirana cha EBK (c) yerekezerani zotsatira za chitsanzo chotsatira cha Nix dothi la m'matauni kapena m'mphepete mwa matauni , ndi (d) kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka SeOM kuti apange mapu otsimikizika kwambiri akusintha kwa malo a nickel.
Kafukufukuyu akuchitikira ku Czech Republic, makamaka m’boma la Frydek Mistek m’chigawo cha Moravia-Silesian (onani Chithunzi 1). Malo ochitira kafukufukuyu ndi ovuta kwambiri ndipo makamaka ali mbali ya chigawo cha Moravia-Silesian Beskidy, chomwe chili mbali ya kunja kwa mapiri a Carpathian. Malo ophunzirira ali pakati pa 4 ndi 0’19 ° 4 ndi 0 ′ 19 ° ′ 4 ndi 0 ′ 19 °. kutalika kuli pakati pa 225 ndi 327 m;komabe, dongosolo la Koppen la nyengo ya nyengo ya derali limatchedwa Cfb = nyengo yotentha ya nyanja, Kumakhala mvula yambiri ngakhale m'miyezi yowuma.Kutentha kumasiyana pang'ono chaka chonse pakati pa -5 °C ndi 24 °C, kawirikawiri kutsika pansi -14 °C kapena pamwamba pa 30 °C kutentha kwapakati pa 30 ° C ndi 628 pachaka. Dera lonselo ndi 1,208 lalikulu kilomita, ndi 39.38% ya malo olimidwa ndi 49.36% ya nkhalango coverage. Komano, dera ntchito phunziroli ndi za 889.8 lalikulu kilomita.Mu ndi mozungulira Ostrava, makampani zitsulo ndi zitsulo ntchito zikugwira ntchito kwambiri. sion) ndi zitsulo aloyi (nickel kumawonjezera mphamvu ya aloyi pamene kukhalabe ductility wabwino ndi kulimba), ndi ulimi kwambiri monga phosphate feteleza ntchito ndi kupanga ziweto ndi kafukufuku angathe magwero faifi tambala m'dera (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera faifi tambala kwa ana a nkhosa kuonjezera mitengo kukula mu ana a nkhosa ndi otsika odyetsedwa ng'ombe) .. Zina ntchito kafukufuku mafakitale nickel electroplating ntchito nickel electroless mu kafukufuku wa nickel electroplate Zochita.Dothi zimatha kusiyanitsa mosavuta ndi mtundu wa nthaka, kapangidwe kake, ndi zomwe zili ndi carbonate. Maonekedwe a nthaka ndi apakati mpaka abwino, amachokera ku zinthu za makolo.Iwo ndi colluvial, alluvial kapena aeolian mwachilengedwe.Madera ena a nthaka amawoneka ngati madontho pamwamba ndi pansi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi konkriti ndi bleaching. 5 m, ma cambisol amalamulira Czech Republic49.
Mapu a malo ophunzirira [Mapu a malo ophunzirira adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI, Inc, mtundu 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Zitsanzo zonse za 115 za dothi lapamwamba zinapezedwa kuchokera ku dothi la m'tawuni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni m'chigawo cha Frydek Mistek. Chitsanzo chomwe chinagwiritsidwa ntchito chinali gridi wokhazikika ndi zitsanzo za nthaka zomwe zimatalikirana ndi 2 × 2 km motalikirana, ndipo dothi lapamwamba linayesedwa pa kuya kwa 0 mpaka 20 masentimita pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo cha GPS chogwiritsidwa ntchito pamanja (Leica Zeno 5 bags, Sampletory bags 5, Ziplobele zojambulidwa bwino mu phukusi la GPS). .Zitsanzozo zinali zowumitsidwa ndi mpweya kuti zipange zitsanzo zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndi makina opangira makina (Fritsch disc mphero), ndi sieved (sieve size 2 mm) .Ikani 1 gramu ya nthaka zouma, homogenized ndi sieved zitsanzo za nthaka m'mabotolo a teflon olembedwa momveka bwino. Mu chotengera chilichonse cha Teflon, perekani 5 ml 5 ml ya 37 ml ya HC 6 Hc ndi H37 ml ya 37 ml ya HC l. mmodzi pa asidi aliyense), kuphimba mopepuka ndi kulola zitsanzo kuima usiku chifukwa cha zimene (aqua regia pulogalamu) .Ikani supernatant pa otentha zitsulo mbale (kutentha: 100 W ndi 160 °C) kwa 2 h kuti atsogolere chimbudzi ndondomeko ya zitsanzo, ndiye ozizira.Tsitsani supernatant kwa 50 ml ya voliyumu ya voliyumu ya digestible, 50 ml ya voliyumu ya digestible, ndi 50 ml ya dipuloteki yopukutira. supernatant mu chubu cha 50 ml cha PVC chokhala ndi madzi osungunuka.Kuonjezera apo, 1 ml ya yankho la dilution inachepetsedwa ndi 9 ml ya madzi osungunuka ndikusefedwa mu chubu cha 12 ml chokonzekera PTE pseudo-concentration.Zolemba za PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cab, ES, Mgn, PB, P, P, PTE, PTE) ma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) molingana ndi njira zovomerezeka ndi mgwirizano.Sungani ndondomeko ya Quality Assurance and Control (QA / QC) (SRM NIST 2711a Montana II Soil) .PTEs okhala ndi malire ozindikira pansi pa theka anachotsedwa pa phunziroli.Malire odziŵika a PTE.0u000 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufuku wa khalidwe, mu kufufuza kwa khalidwe la 0u004. zimatsimikiziridwa mwa kusanthula miyezo yowunikira.Kuonetsetsa kuti zolakwa zachepetsedwa, kusanthula kawiri kunachitika.
Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) ndi imodzi mwa njira zambiri zofotokozera za geostatistical interpolation zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pojambula m'madera osiyanasiyana monga sayansi ya nthaka. Mosiyana ndi njira zina zomasulira za kriging, EBK imasiyana ndi njira zachikhalidwe za kriging poganizira zolakwika zomwe zimaganiziridwa ndi chitsanzo cha semivariogram. njira ya kusatsimikizika ndi mapulogalamu okhudzana ndi kukonzekera kwa semivariogram komwe kumapanga gawo lovuta kwambiri la njira yokwanira ya kriging. Njira yomasulira ya EBK imatsatira njira zitatu zomwe Krivoruchko50, (a) chitsanzocho chimayerekezera semivariogram kuchokera ku dataset yolowetsa (b) mtengo woloseredwa watsopano kuchokera ku dataset yamtundu uliwonse ndi kupanga sewero lachidziwitso lochokera ku dataset yomaliza Lamulo la equation la Bayesian limaperekedwa ngati posterior
Kumene \(Prob\left(A\right)\) ikuyimira zisanachitike, \(Prob\left(B\right)\) mpata wa mmphepete umanyalanyazidwa nthawi zambiri, \(Prob (B,A)\ ) .Kuwerengera kwa semivariogram kumachokera ku lamulo la Bayes, lomwe limasonyeza kufunikira kwa kuyang'ana kwa ma datasets omwe amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku semivariogram yomwe imatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku semivariogram. yomwe imanena kuti ndizotheka bwanji kupanga deta yowonera kuchokera ku semivariogram.
Makina othandizira vekitala ndi makina ophunzirira makina omwe amapanga ma hyperplane olekanitsa bwino kwambiri kuti asiyanitse makalasi ofanana koma osadziyimira pawokha.Vapnik51 idapanga algorithm yamagulu amalingaliro, koma yagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwapa kuthetsa mavuto obwerera. ion - SVMR) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikaku.Cherkassky ndi Mulier53 adachita upainiya SVMR ngati kusinthika kochokera ku kernel, kuwerengera komwe kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizira mizere yokhala ndi ntchito zamayiko ambiri.55, epsilon (ε) -SVMR imagwiritsa ntchito deta yophunzitsidwa kuti ipeze chitsanzo choyimira ngati ntchito ya epsilon-insensitive yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipange mapu a deta pawokha ndi epsilon bias yabwino kuchokera ku maphunziro pa data yogwirizana.Kulakwitsa kwa mtunda wokonzedweratu kumanyalanyazidwa kuchokera ku mtengo weniweni, ndipo ngati cholakwikacho chiri chachikulu kuposa ε(ε), dothi lothandizira limachepetsanso gawo lothandizira la vector. s. Equation yomwe yaperekedwa ndi Vapnik51 ikuwonetsedwa pansipa.
pomwe b imayimira malire, \(K\left({x}_{,}{ x}_{k}\right)\) imayimira ntchito ya kernel, \(\alpha\) imayimira Lagrange multiplier, N Imayimira nambala, \({x}_{k}\) imayimira kulowetsa kwa data, ndipo \.yrnes a SV ndi makiyi ogwiritsidwa ntchito radial basis function (RBF) .RBF kernel imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti ipeze chitsanzo chabwino cha SVMR, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kuti tipeze chilango chodziwika bwino kwambiri cha C ndi kernel parameter gamma (γ) kwa deta yophunzitsira PTE.Choyamba, tinayesa maphunziro a maphunziro ndikuyesa ntchito yachitsanzo pa seti yovomerezeka.Chiwongolero chowongolera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Radima mtengo ndi sigima.
Multilinear regression model (MLR) ndi njira yobwereranso yomwe imayimira mgwirizano pakati pa kuyankha kwa mayankho ndi mitundu ingapo yolosera pogwiritsa ntchito mizere yolumikizana ndi mizere yowerengeredwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya ma squares ochepa. tory variables.The MLR equation ndi
pomwe y ndi kusinthika kwa mayankho, \(a\) ndiko kuphatikizika, n ndi chiwerengero cha zolosera, \({b}_{1}\) ndikuchepetsa pang'ono kwa ma coefficients, \({x}_{i}\) amayimira kulosera kapena kusinthika kofotokozera, ndipo \({\varepsilon}_{i}\) imayimiranso cholakwika chomwe chimadziwikanso ngati chitsanzo.
Mitundu yosakanikirana idapezedwa ndi sandwiching EBK yokhala ndi SVMR ndi MLR. Izi zimachitika potengera zomwe zidanenedweratu kuchokera ku EBK kutanthauzira. Zomwe zidanenedweratu zomwe zimapezedwa kuchokera ku interpolated Ca, K, ndi Mg zimapezedwa kudzera munjira yophatikizira kupeza zosintha zatsopano, monga CaK, CaMg, ndi KMg. zosinthika zomwe zinapezedwa ndi Ca, K, Mg, CaK, CaMg, KMg ndi CaKMg. Zosinthazi zinakhala zolosera zathu, zimathandizira kulosera kuchuluka kwa nickel m'nthaka ya m'tawuni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni. The algorithm ya SVMR idachitidwa pazolosera kuti ipeze mtundu wosakanikirana Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Support Vector Machine (EBK_SVM) ndi pipemilard algorithms kupeza mtundu wa Empirical Empirical model. Bayesian Kriging-Multiple Linear Regression (EBK_MLR).Nthawi zambiri, zosintha Ca, K, Mg, CaK, CaMg, KMg, ndi CaKMg zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati covariates monga zolosera za Ni zomwe zili m'matauni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni.Mtundu wovomerezeka kwambiri womwe umapezeka (EBK_SVM kapena EBKM kapena EBKM yowonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito phunziroli ndi Fib-R). gawo 2.
Kugwiritsa ntchito SeOM kwakhala chida chodziwika bwino chokonzekera, kuwunika, ndi kulosera za data muzachuma, zaumoyo, zamakampani, ziwerengero, sayansi ya nthaka, ndi zina zambiri.SeOM imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma neural network ochita kupanga komanso njira zophunzirira zosayang'aniridwa za bungwe, kuyesa, ndi kulosera. kuwerengera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati n zosintha zolowera-dimensional vector43,56.Melssen et al.57 ikufotokoza kugwirizana kwa vector yolowera mu neural network kudzera mu gawo limodzi lolowera ku vekitala yotulutsa ndi vector imodzi yolemera. Zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi SeOM ndi mapu awiri-dimensional omwe amapangidwa ndi ma neuroni osiyanasiyana kapena mfundo zolukidwa mu hexagonal, circular, kapena square topological map molingana ndi kuyandikira kwawo. 86 ndi 0.904, motsatira, amasankhidwa, omwe ndi mapu a 55-mapu (5 × 11) .
Chiwerengero cha deta chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli ndi zitsanzo za 115. Njira yosasinthika idagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa deta mu data yoyesera (25% kuti itsimikizidwe) ndi ma seti a data yophunzitsira (75% kuti ayesedwe) . -kutsimikizira ndondomeko, kubwerezedwa kasanu.Zosintha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi kutanthauzira kwa EBK zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zolosera kapena zofotokozera zofotokozera kuti ziwonetsere zomwe mukufuna (PTE) .Modeling imayendetsedwa mu RStudio pogwiritsa ntchito laibulale ya phukusi (Kohonen), library (caret), library (modelr), library ("e1071"), library ("plyr"), library ("library"), library ("Library") ("Library").
Magawo osiyanasiyana ovomerezeka adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti adziwe chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri cholosera kuchuluka kwa nickel m'nthaka ndikuyesa kulondola kwa chitsanzocho ndi kutsimikizira kwake.Zitsanzo za Hybridization zinayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), ndi R-squared kapena coefficient determination (R2) . kukula kwa ance mumiyeso yodziyimira payokha imalongosola mphamvu yolosera zachitsanzo, pamene MAE imatsimikizira mtengo weniweni wochuluka.Mtengo wa R2 uyenera kukhala wokwera kwambiri kuti uwone chitsanzo chabwino kwambiri chosakanikirana pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zovomerezeka, kuyandikira kwamtengo wapatali ndi 1, kukwezera kulondola. Malingana ndi Li et al.59, mtengo wa R2 wa 0.75 kapena kupitilira apo amaonedwa kuti ndiwolosera bwino;kuchokera ku 0.5 kufika ku 0.75 ndi ntchito yovomerezeka yachitsanzo, ndipo pansi pa 0.5 ndi ntchito yosavomerezeka yachitsanzo. Posankha chitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowunikira zovomerezeka za RMSE ndi MAE, zikhalidwe zotsika zomwe zinapezedwa zinali zokwanira ndipo zinkaonedwa kuti ndizo zabwino kwambiri.
pomwe n imayimira kukula kwa mtengo wowonedwa\({Y}_{i}\) imayimira yankho loyezedwa, ndipo \({\widehat{Y}}_{i}\) imayimiranso mtengo woyankhidwa wonenedweratu, chifukwa chake, pazowonera zoyamba.
Malongosoledwe a zolosera ndi kuyankha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana akuperekedwa mu Gulu 1, kusonyeza tanthauzo, kupatuka kokhazikika (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), osachepera, pazipita, kurtosis, ndi skewness.Zochepa komanso zochulukirapo za zinthuzo zili mu dongosolo lochepera la Mg
Kugwirizana kwa zowonetseratu zowonetseratu ndi zinthu zomwe zimayankhidwa zimasonyeza mgwirizano wokhutiritsa pakati pa zinthu (onani Chithunzi 3) .Kugwirizanako kunasonyeza kuti CaK inasonyeza kugwirizanitsa kwapakati ndi r value = 0.53, monga CaNi.68 ndi Santo69 zikusonyeza kuti milingo yawo m’nthaka ndi yosiyana mosiyanasiyana.Komabe, Ca ndi Mg amatsutsana ndi K, koma CaK amalumikizana bwino.Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza monga potaziyamu carbonate, yomwe ndi 56% yapamwamba mu potaziyamu.Potaziyamu inali yogwirizana kwambiri ndi magnesium (KM 63 pafupi ndi potassium sulphate ndi 0 zinthu zokhudzana ndi potassium). Te, potaziyamu magnesium nitrate, ndi potashi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku dothi kuti awonjezere kuchepa kwawo. Nickel imagwirizana kwambiri ndi Ca, K ndi Mg ndi r values = 0,52, 0,63 ndi 0.55, motsatira. Ubale wokhudzana ndi calcium, magnesium, ndi PTEs monga faifi tambala ndizovuta, koma magnesium imachepetsa mphamvu ya calcium, koma imalepheretsa kuchepa kwa calcium. magnesium ndi calcium zimachepetsa chiwopsezo cha nickel m'nthaka.
Matrix olumikizirana pazinthu zomwe zikuwonetsa ubale pakati pa zolosera ndi mayankho (Zindikirani: chithunzichi chimaphatikizapo scatterplot pakati pa zinthu, milingo yofunikira imachokera pa p <0,001).
Chithunzi cha 4 chikuwonetsa kugawidwa kwa malo a zinthu. Malingana ndi Burgos et al70, kugwiritsa ntchito kugawa kwa malo ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera ndi kuwonetsa malo otentha m'madera oipitsidwa.Magawo owonjezera a Ca mu chithunzi 4 akhoza kuwonetsedwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mapu ogawa malo. kugwiritsira ntchito quicklime (calcium oxide) kuchepetsa acidity ya nthaka ndi ntchito yake mu mphero zitsulo monga alkaline oxygen mu steelmaking process.Komano, alimi ena amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito calcium hydroxide mu dothi acidic neutralize pH, amenenso kumawonjezera kashiamu zili mu nthaka71.Potassium amasonyezanso mawanga otentha kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi kummawa kwa mapu.The Northtoast,Potaziyamu ndi Potaziyamu Ayenera Kuphatikizira Potaziyamu Kumpoto, Potaziyamu ndi NPK s.Izi zimagwirizana ndi maphunziro ena, monga Madaras ndi Lipavský72, Madaras et al.73, Pulkrabová et al.74, Asare et al.75, omwe adawona kuti kukhazikika kwa nthaka ndi mankhwala ndi KCl ndi NPK kunapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi K wambiri m'nthaka.Kulemera kwa Potaziyamu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mapu ogawa kungakhale chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu monga potassium chloride, potaziyamu sulfate, potaziyamu nitrate, potashi, ndi potashi kuti awonjezere potaziyamu m'dothi losauka.Zádorová et al.76 ndi Tlustoš et al.77 inanena kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa K kumapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale ndi K m'nthaka ndipo idzawonjezera kwambiri mchere wa nthaka m'kupita kwa nthawi, makamaka K ndi Mg kusonyeza malo otentha m'nthaka. Malo otentha kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mapu ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa mapu. Zomera, monga potaziyamu magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, ndi Kieserite, zimathandizira zofooka (zomera zimawoneka zofiirira, zofiira, kapena zofiirira, zomwe zikuwonetsa kuperewera kwa magnesiamu) mu dothi lomwe lili ndi pH yanthawi zonse6.
Kugawa kwazinthu [mapu ogawa malo adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI, Inc, Version 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Zotsatira za ndondomeko yachitsanzo ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu phunziroli zikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2. Kumbali inayi, RMSE ndi MAE ya Ni zonse zili pafupi ndi zero (0.86 RMSE, -0.08 MAE) . Komano, zonse za RMSE ndi MAE za K ndizovomerezeka. Zotsatira za RMSE ndi MAE zinali zazikulu za calcium ndi magnesium magnesium ndi zotsatira zosiyana za MAERM ndi zotsatira za MAERM.Ca ndi KSE data. phunziroli pogwiritsa ntchito EBK kulosera Ni adapezeka kuti ali bwino kuposa zotsatira za John et al.54 pogwiritsa ntchito synergistic kriging kulosera za S m'nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito deta yosonkhanitsidwa yomweyi.Zotsatira za EBK zomwe tidaphunzira zimagwirizana ndi za Fabijaczyk et al.41, Yan et al.79, Beguin et al.80, Adhikary et al.81 ndi Yohane et al.82, makamaka K ndi Ni.
Kachitidwe ka njira zapayekha zolosera za faifi tambala m'dothi la m'tauni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni kunawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe (Table 3) .Kutsimikizira kwachitsanzo ndi kulondola kolondola kunatsimikizira kuti Ca_Mg_K predictor pamodzi ndi EBK SVMR model zinapereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri.Calibration model Calibration error model a RMb-EBKRSE (SVMR) chitsanzo cha zolakwika za Ca_Mg_K-EBK-EBKR (SVMRMR_EBKR) MAE) anali 0.637 (R2), 95.479 mg/kg (RMSE) ndi 77.368 mg/kg (MAE) Ca_Mg_K-SVMR anali 0.663 (R2), 235.974 mg/kg (RMSE) ndi 166.946 mg/kg (opanda mtengo, osakhala ndi R6Mg yamtengo wapatali ya Ca.6Mg (palibe R2R). 63 mg/kg R2) ndi Ca_Mg-EBK_SVMR (0.643 = R2);zotsatira zawo za RMSE ndi MAE zinali zapamwamba kuposa za Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR (R2 0.637) (onani Table 3) . Kuwonjezera apo, RMSE ndi MAE ya Ca_Mg-EBK_SVMR (RMSE = 1664.64 ndi MAE = 1031.49) chitsanzo ndi 13g_4 yolemekezeka kwambiri kuposa 13g_4. K-EBK_SVMR. Momwemonso, ma RMSE ndi MAE a Ca_Mg-K SVMR (RMSE = 235.974 ndi MAE = 166.946) ndi 2.5 ndi 2.2 okulirapo kuposa a Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR RMSE ndi MAE zotsatira zimasonyeza momwe chiwerengero cha RMSE ndi MAE chimawerengedwera bwino. RSME ndi MAE adawonedwa.Malinga ndi Kebonye et al.46 ndi Yohane et al.54, kuyandikira kwa RMSE ndi MAE kufika ku ziro, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino.SVMR ndi EBK_SVMR ali ndi misinkhu yapamwamba ya RSME ndi MAE. Zinaonedwa kuti kuyerekezera kwa RSME kunali kopambana nthawi zonse kusiyana ndi ma MAE, kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa otuluka.Malinga ndi Legates, aMcCabe3 ndi McCabe3 amatanthauza (McCabe) kupitirira8 akulimbikitsidwa ngati chisonyezero cha kukhalapo kwa zinthu zakunja.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa dataset kumapangitsa kuti MAE ndi RMSE ndi apamwamba kwambiri.Kulondola kwa kuwunika kovomerezeka kwa Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR chitsanzo chosakanikirana cholosera za Ni zomwe zili m'nthaka ya m'tauni ndi yakumidzi zinali 63.70%.59, mlingo uwu wa kulondola ndi chitsanzo chovomerezeka cha machitidwe.Zotsatira zomwe zilipo zikufaniziridwa ndi kafukufuku wakale wa Tarasov et al.36 amene chitsanzo chake chosakanizidwa chinapanga MLPRK (Multilayer Perceptron Residual Kriging), yokhudzana ndi EBK_SVMR yowunikira kulondola kwazomwe zafotokozedwa mu kafukufuku wamakono, RMSE (210) ndi The MAE (167.5) zinali zapamwamba kuposa zotsatira zathu mu kafukufuku wamakono (RMSE 95.479, MAE68 yaposachedwa ya R70). za Tarasov et al.36 (0.544), zikuwonekeratu kuti coefficient of determination (R2) ndi yapamwamba mu chitsanzo chosakanikirana ichi. Mphepete mwa zolakwika (RMSE ndi MAE) (EBK SVMR) yachitsanzo chosakanikirana ndi yocheperapo kawiri. Momwemonso, Sergeev et al.34 analemba 0.28 (R2) kwa hybrid hybrid model (Multila) yophunzira pakalipano ya hybrid (Multila7) yophunzira pakalipano ya hybrid (Multila) ndi Rekodi ya Rekodi (R2) .Mlingo wolosera wolondola wa chitsanzo ichi (EBK SVMR) ndi 63.7%, pamene zolosera zolosera zomwe zinapezedwa ndi Sergeev et al.34 ndi 28%.Mapu omaliza (mkuyu 5) adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha EBK_SVMR ndi Ca_Mg_K monga chowonetseratu chikuwonetseratu za malo otentha ndi nickel yamtengo wapatali pa malo onse ophunzirira.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa nickel m'dera la phunziroli makamaka kumakhala kocheperako, komwe kumakhala kwakukulu m'madera ena enieni.
Mapu olosera omaliza akuimiridwa pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosakanizidwa wa EBK_SVMR ndikugwiritsa ntchito Ca_Mg_K monga cholosera.[Mapu ogawa malo adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito RStudio (mtundu 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Zomwe zimaperekedwa mu Chithunzi 6 ndi PTE yokhazikika ngati ndege yopangidwa ndi ma neuroni.Palibe ndege zamagulu zomwe zimasonyeza mtundu wofanana wa mtundu monga momwe ziwonetsedwera. Chifukwa chake, CaK ndi CaMg amagawana zofanana ndi ma neuroni apamwamba kwambiri komanso mitundu yotsika mpaka yocheperako.Zitsanzo zonsezi zimalosera kuchuluka kwa Ni munthaka powonetsa mitundu yofiira, lalanje ndi yachikasu. mawonekedwe apamwamba amtundu wosonyeza kuchuluka kwa nickel m'nthaka (onani Chithunzi 4) .Ndege yachitsanzo ya CakMg imasonyeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu kuchokera kumunsi kupita kumtunda malinga ndi msinkhu wolondola wamtundu. Dothi. Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa njira ya mizere mu gulu la k-njira pamapu, ogawidwa m'magulu atatu kutengera mtengo woloseredwa pamtundu uliwonse.Njira ya contour imayimira kuchuluka kwamagulu amagulu.Pazitsanzo za nthaka 115 zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa, gulu 1 linapeza zitsanzo zambiri za nthaka, 74.Cluster 2 inalandira zitsanzo za cluponent 33 zolosera za simponent3. Chifukwa cha njira zambiri za anthropogenic ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhudza mapangidwe a nthaka, n'kovuta kuti tisiyanitse bwino ma masango pamapu a SeOM78.
Magawo apandege amapangidwa ndi makina aliwonse a Empirical Bayesian Kriging Support Vector Machine (EBK_SVM_SeOM).[Mapu a SeOM adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito RStudio (mtundu 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Zigawo zosiyanasiyana zamagulu [mapu a SeOM adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito RStudio (mtundu 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Kafukufuku wapano akuwonetsa bwino njira zowonetsera kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala m'nthaka ya m'matauni ndi m'mphepete mwa tawuni. Kafukufukuyu adayesa njira zofananira, kuphatikiza zinthu ndi njira zofananira, kuti apeze njira yabwino yodziwira kuchuluka kwa faifi tambala m'nthaka. Kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zigawo zomwe zawonetsedwa ndi EBK_SVMR (onani Chithunzi 5) . Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti makina othandizira makina oyendetsa makina (Ca Mg K-SVMR) amalosera kuchuluka kwa Ni mu nthaka ngati chitsanzo chimodzi, koma zovomerezeka ndi zowona zowona zimasonyeza zolakwika zambiri pa RMSE ndi MAE. of the coefficient of determination (R2) .Zotsatira zabwino zinapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito EBK SVMR ndi zinthu zophatikizana (CaKMg) ndi zolakwika zochepa za RMSE ndi MAE ndi zolondola za 63.7% .Zikuwoneka kuti kuphatikiza EBK algorithm ndi makina ophunzirira makina amatha kupanga hybrid algorithm yomwe ingathe kuneneratu kuchuluka kwa zotsatira za PTE monga momwe ma Mg akuwonetseratu m'dera la PTEs kuti awonetseredwe mu nthaka. ion ya Ni mu dothi.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kosalekeza kwa feteleza wa nickel ndi kuipitsa kwa mafakitale kwa nthaka ndi mafakitale azitsulo kumakhala ndi chizolowezi choonjezera kuchuluka kwa nickel m'nthaka. ;kuonjezerapo, tikuganiza kuti tigwiritse ntchito EBK kuti tigwirizane ndi makina osiyanasiyana ophunzirira makina.komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma covariates ambiri kungathandize kwambiri ntchito yachitsanzo, yomwe ingaganizidwe kuti ndi yochepetsera ntchito yomwe ilipo.
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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-22-2022