Zida zotetezera pampu zatsimikiziridwa kuti zimateteza mapampu ku mchenga ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito za ESPs m'zitsime zosavomerezeka. Njira yothetsera vutoli imayang'anira kubwereranso kwa mchenga wa frac ndi zinthu zina zolimba zomwe zingayambitse kuchulukitsitsa ndi kutsika.
Pamene zitsime zamafuta zowonjezereka zimadalira ma ESPs, kukulitsa moyo wamagetsi opopera magetsi (ESP) kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.Moyo wogwira ntchito ndi ntchito za mapampu opangira opangira amakhudzidwa ndi zolimba mumadzi opangidwa.Moyo wogwiritsira ntchito ndi ntchito ya ESP unachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa particles olimba.Kuonjezera apo, zolimba zimawonjezera nthawi yopuma bwino komanso nthawi yogwira ntchito ya ESP yomwe ikufunika kuti ilowe m'malo mwa mafupipafupi a ESP.
Tinthu zolimba zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenda kudzera pa mapampu opangira zinthu monga mchenga wopangira mchenga, ma hydraulic fracturing proppants, simenti, ndi zitsulo zokokoloka kapena zowononga. Marily amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mapampu ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono panthawi yopanga.Komabe, zitsime zosagwirizana ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakapita nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti teknoloji yolekanitsa yomwe ilipo ya downhole vortex imangogwira ntchito pang'onopang'ono.
Zosiyanasiyana zingapo za ophatikizana zowonetsera mchenga kulamulira ndi downhole vortex desanders akhala akufuna kuteteza ESPs. s.Kuzama kwakuya kumakondedwa m'zitsime zosavomerezeka.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma de-sanders ndi anangula amatope amphongo amphongo kuti ayimitse misonkhano yayitali, yolimba ya mchenga m'magawo a casing omwe ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba za dogleg zochepa ESP MTBF.
Olemba a pepala la 2005 anapereka zotsatira zoyesera za cholekanitsa mchenga wapansi pansi pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chamkuntho (Chithunzi 1), chomwe chinadalira mvula yamkuntho ndi mphamvu yokoka, kusonyeza kuti kulekanitsa bwino kumadalira kukhuthala kwa mafuta, kuthamanga, ndi kukula kwa tinthu . Kukula kwa tinthu, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa kukhuthala kwa mafuta, Chithunzi 2. Pachiwombankhanga chamkuntho chophatikizira pansi, kulekana kumatsika kufika ~ 10% pamene kukula kwa tinthu kumatsikira ~ 100 µm.Kuonjezera apo, pamene kuchuluka kwa otaya kumawonjezeka, olekanitsa a vortex amatha kuvala kukokoloka, zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za moyo.
Chotsatira chomveka chotsatira ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mchenga wa 2D wokhala ndi malo otchedwa slot width.Particle kukula ndi kugawa ndizofunika kwambiri posankha zowonetsera kuti zisefe zolimba mu kupanga bwino kapena kosazolowereka, koma zingakhale zosadziwika.Zolimba zimatha kubwera kuchokera ku nkhokwe, koma zimatha kusiyana ndi chidendene chidendene;Kapenanso, chophimba chingafunikire kusefa mchenga kuchokera ku hydraulic fracturing.Mulimonsemo, mtengo wa zolimba zosonkhanitsira, kusanthula ndi kuyezetsa kungakhale koletsedwa.
Ngati chophimba cha 2D chubu sichinakonzedwe bwino, zotsatira zake zikhoza kusokoneza chuma cha chitsime. Kutsegula kwa zenera lamchenga komwe kuli kochepa kwambiri kungachititse kuti plugging isanakwane, kuzimitsa ndi kufunikira kwa ntchito zokonzanso. sal.Mkhalidwewu umafuna njira yosavuta, yotsika mtengo yomwe ingatalikitse moyo wa mpope ndikuphimba kugawidwa kwakukulu kwa mchenga.
Kuti akwaniritse chosowa ichi, kafukufuku unachitika pa ntchito mavavu misonkhano osakaniza zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya mauna, amene alibe tcheru chifukwa zolimba distribution.Studies asonyeza kuti zosapanga dzimbiri waya mauna ndi kukula variable pore ndi dongosolo 3D akhoza mogwira kulamulira zolimba za kukula kosiyanasiyana popanda kudziwa tinthu kukula kugawa kwa zolimba chifukwa. kusefera.
A valavu msonkhano wokwera pansi chinsalu chimalola kupanga kupitirira mpaka ESP anakokedwa.Imalepheretsa ESP kubwezedwa mwamsanga chinsalu chotchinga bridged.The chifukwa cholowera mchenga ulamuliro chophimba ndi valavu msonkhano amateteza ESPs, ndodo Nyamulani mapampu, ndi kukweza gasi kutsirizitsa ku zolimba pa kupanga ndi kuyeretsa madzimadzi otaya ndi amapereka njira yotsika mtengo yotalikitsa mikhalidwe ya Pump reservo.
M'badwo woyamba mpope chitetezo design.A mpope chitetezo zowonetsera ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri ubweya ubweya zowonetsera anali kufalitsidwa mu nthunzi anathandiza mphamvu yokoka ngalande bwino ku Western Canada kuteteza ESP ku zolimba pa production.Screens fyuluta zolimba zolimba kuchokera kupanga madzimadzi pamene amalowa mu chingwe kupanga. chitsime chapamwamba.
Pakapita nthawi yopanga, malo a annular pakati pa chinsalu ndi casing amatha kulumikiza mchenga ndi mchenga, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kwa kutuluka.Pamapeto pake, milatho ya annulus kwathunthu, imasiya kuyenda, ndipo imapanga kusiyana kwapakati pakati pa chitsime ndi chingwe chopangira, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3. Panthawiyi, madzimadzi sangathenso kuyenda ku ESP ndipo chingwe chomaliza chiyenera kukokera.Malingana ndi mitundu ingapo yokhudzana ndi kupanga zolimba, nthawi yofunikira kuti asiye kuyenda kudutsa mlatho wazitsulo pawindo ikhoza kukhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi nthawi yomwe ingalole ESP kupopera zolimba zodzaza madzi zimatanthawuza nthawi pakati pa zolephera mpaka pansi, kotero kuti mbadwo wachiwiri wa zigawo zinapangidwa.
Msonkhano wachiwiri wa chitetezo cha pampu.PumpGuard * inlet mchenga wowongolera mchenga ndi dongosolo la msonkhano wa valve umayimitsidwa pansi pa mpope wa REDA * mu Chithunzi 4, chitsanzo cha kutsirizitsa kwa ESP kosavomerezeka.Pamene chitsimecho chikupanga, chinsalu chimasefa zolimba popanga, koma zidzayamba pang'onopang'ono mlatho ndi mchenga ndikupanga kusiyana kwapakati.Pamene kusiyanitsa uku kumapangitsa kuti valve yotsekera ifike kuphulika kwa valve, kutsegukira kwa valve kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa valve, kutsekula kwa valve kumayambitsa kuthamanga kwa valve. chingwe ku ESP.Kuthamanga uku kumafanana ndi kusiyana kwapakati pa chinsalu, kumasula kugwidwa kwa matumba a mchenga kunja kwa chinsalu.Mchenga ndi ufulu wotuluka kunja kwa annulus, zomwe zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kudzera pawindo ndipo zimalola kuti kutuluka kuyambiranso. m'nkhaniyi kusonyeza kuti dongosolo amatha kwambiri kutalikitsa moyo mpope poyerekeza kuthamanga screening anamaliza yekha.
Kwa unsembe waposachedwa, njira yothetsera mtengo inayambika kwa kudzipatula pakati pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za waya ndi ESP.A chonyamula chikho choyang'ana pansi chimayikidwa pamwamba pa chinsalu. Pamwamba pa chojambulira chikho, zowonjezera zapakati pa chubu perforations zimapereka njira yopita kwa madzi opangidwa kuti asamuke kuchokera mkati mwa chinsalu kupita ku malo a annular pamwamba pa paketi, kumene madzimadzi amatha kulowa mu ESP.
Zosefera zazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo zosankhidwa kuti zithetse vutoli zimapereka ubwino wambiri kuposa mitundu ya 2D mesh ya gap. Zosefera za 2D zimadalira makamaka tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fyuluta kapena mipata kuti timange matumba a mchenga ndikupereka mchenga.
Mosiyana, wandiweyani mauna bedi la zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo waya mauna Zosefera amapereka mkulu porosity (92%) ndi lalikulu lotseguka otaya m'dera (40%) kwa opangidwa wellbore fluid.The fyuluta anamanga ndi compressing zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ubweya mauna ndi kukulunga molunjika mozungulira perforated pakati chubu, ndiye encapsulates izo mkati perforated zoteteza chivundikirocho kuti ndi kugawa pakati pa machubu ang'onoang'ono pa machubu malekezero ang'onoang'ono bedi. orientation (kuyambira 15 µm kuti 600 µm) amalola chindapusa wopanda vuto kuyenda pa njira 3D otaya kwa chapakati chubu pambuyo zikuluzikulu ndi zoipa particles atsekeredwa mu mauna.Mchenga posungira kuyezetsa pa zitsanzo za sieve anasonyeza kuti fyuluta amakhala mkulu permeability chifukwa madzimadzi amapangidwa kudzera mu sieve tinthu tating'ono "kugawa zonse zamadzimadzi opangidwa ndi fyuluta yopangidwa ndi sefa. Chotchinga chaubweya chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbirichi chinapangidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito wamkulu m'ma 1980 makamaka kuti amalizitse zowonera pawokha m'madamu okokedwa ndi nthunzi ndipo ali ndi mbiri yochulukirapo yoyika bwino.
Mwa kusintha koyilo ya kasupe kasupe isanakhazikitsidwe, valavu imatha kusinthidwa kuti ikwaniritse kupanikizika komwe kumafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito. kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi valve yotsika kwambiri.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, particles mapangidwe kudzaza annular dera pakati pa kunja pamwamba pa mpope mtetezi msonkhano chophimba ndi khoma la kupanga casing.Monga patsekeke amadzaza mchenga ndi particles phatikizana, kuthamanga dontho kudutsa sandbag kuwonjezeka.Pamene kuthamanga uku dontho kufika mtengo preset, valavu chunu kutsegula ndi kulola kuyenda mwachindunji kudzera mpope polowera. fyuluta.Chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa kusiyana kwapakati, kuthamanga kudzayambiranso kupyolera pazenera ndipo valavu yowonongeka idzatseka.Choncho, mpopeyo imatha kuona kutuluka mwachindunji kuchokera ku valavu kwa nthawi yochepa.Izi zimatalikitsa moyo wa mpope, monga momwe madzi ambiri amayendera ndi madzi omwe amasefedwa kudzera pamchenga.
Dongosolo lachitetezo cha pampu linkagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opaka m'zitsime zitatu zosiyanasiyana ku Delaware Basin ku United States.Cholinga chachikulu ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ESP kumayambira ndikuyimitsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mchenga wokhudzana ndi mchenga ndikuwonjezera kupezeka kwa ESP kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga.Dongosolo lachitetezo la mpope limayimitsidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa chingwe cha ESP.Zotsatira za chitsime chamafuta mumayendedwe okhazikika, pampu yamafuta ndi makina opumira amakono akuwonetsa kukhazikika kwapampu yamafuta, kutsitsa kwapampu yamafuta ndi makina opumira. , mchenga ndi zolimba zokhudzana ndi nthawi yopuma zidachepetsedwa ndi 75% ndipo moyo wapampu unawonjezeka ndi oposa 22%.
Chitsime. Dongosolo la ESP linayikidwa mu chitsime chatsopano chobowola ndi kuphulika ku Martin County, Texas. Gawo loyima la chitsimecho ndi pafupifupi mamita 9,000 ndipo gawo lopingasa limafikira ku 12,000 mapazi, kuyeza kuya (MD) . wa olekanitsa mchenga, khalidwe losakhazikika la magawo ogwiritsira ntchito ESP (kuchuluka kwamakono ndi kugwedezeka) kunawonedwa.Kusanthula kwa Disassembly kwa chigawo chokoka cha ESP kunavumbula kuti msonkhano wolekanitsa mpweya wa vortex unali wotsekedwa ndi zinthu zakunja, zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa kukhala mchenga chifukwa si maginito ndipo sichichitapo kanthu ndi asidi.
Mu unsembe wachitatu ESP, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri waya mauna m'malo olekanitsa mchenga monga njira ESP kulamulira mchenga.Ataika latsopano mpope chitetezo dongosolo, ndi ESP anasonyeza khalidwe khola, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa magalimoto panopa kusinthasintha kwa ~ 19 A kwa unsembe #2 mpaka ~ 6.3 A kwa unsembe #3.Vibration ndi wokhazikika kwambiri ndi kutsika kwapambuyo kutsika ndi kutsika kwa 75% kutsika komanso kutsika kwapang'ono. ndikupeza 100 psi yowonjezera ya kutsika kwamphamvu. Kutseka kwa ESP kumachepetsedwa ndi 100% ndipo ESP imagwira ntchito ndi kugwedezeka kochepa.
Chabwino B. Pachitsime chimodzi pafupi ndi Eunice, New Mexico, chitsime china chosagwirizana ndi ESP chinayikidwa koma palibe chitetezo cha pampu. Pambuyo pa kutsika kwa boot koyambirira, ESP inayamba kusonyeza khalidwe losasinthika.Kusinthasintha kwamakono ndi kupanikizika kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi spikes kugwedezeka.Atasunga mikhalidwe imeneyi kwa masiku 137, ESP inalephera ndipo cholowa m'malo mwake chinakhazikitsidwa. ESP inkagwira ntchito bwino, ndi amperage yokhazikika komanso kugwedezeka pang'ono.Pa nthawi yofalitsidwa, kuthamanga kwachiwiri kwa ESP kunali kufika pa masiku oposa 300 akugwira ntchito, kusintha kwakukulu pa kukhazikitsidwa kwapitako.
Chabwino C.The dongosolo lachitatu pa malo unsembe anali Mentone, Texas, ndi mafuta ndi gasi zapaderazi kampani amene anakumana kuzimitsa ndi ESP kulephera chifukwa cha mchenga kupanga ndipo ankafuna kusintha mpope uptime.Operators zambiri kuthamanga downhole olekanitsa mchenga ndi liner mu ESP aliyense bwino. pambuyo poyendetsa dongosolo latsopano ndi chitetezo cha pampu, ESP ili ndi moyo wautali wa 22% wogwiritsira ntchito ndi kutsika kwamphamvu kokhazikika komanso nthawi yabwino yokhudzana ndi ESP.
Chiwerengero cha shutdowns mchenga ndi zolimba okhudzana ndi ntchito anatsika ndi 75%, kuchokera 8 mochulukira zochitika mu unsembe woyamba kwa awiri unsembe wachiwiri, ndi chiwerengero cha restarts bwino pambuyo shutdown mochulukira chinawonjezeka ndi 30%, kuchokera 8 mu unsembe woyamba.Zochitika zonse za 12, pazochitika zonse za 8, zidachitidwa mu unsembe wachiwiri, kuchepetsa mphamvu zamagetsi pazida ndikuwonjezera moyo wa ntchito ya ESP.
Chithunzi cha 5 chikuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi kwa siginecha yokakamiza kudya (buluu) pamene mesh zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zatsekedwa ndipo msonkhano wa valve umatsegulidwa.Kusindikiziraku kungathe kupititsa patsogolo kupanga bwino kwa kupanga mwa kuwonetseratu kulephera kwa ESP kokhudzana ndi mchenga, kotero kuti ntchito zosinthira ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zikhoza kukonzekera.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, "Kuyesa kufufuza kwa swirl chubu ngati chipangizo cha downhole desander," SPE Paper 94673-MS, yoperekedwa ku SPE Latin America ndi Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, June 20 - February 23, 2005.https://doi.26718/
Nkhaniyi ili ndi zolemba za SPE paper 207926-MS, zoperekedwa ku Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference ku Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 November 2021.
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