Ngakhale kuti mtengo wam'mwamba wa chowotcha chamadzi a dzuwa ukhoza kukhala wapamwamba kusiyana ndi chowotcha chamadzi chachikhalidwe, mphamvu ya dzuwa yomwe mudzakhala mukugwiritsira ntchito ikhoza kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri komanso phindu la chilengedwe.Madzi otentha amawerengera 18 peresenti ya ntchito yamagetsi yapanyumba, koma zowotchera madzi a dzuwa zimatha kuchepetsa ndalama zanu zamadzi otentha ndi 50 mpaka 80 peresenti.
M'nkhaniyi, tifotokoza momwe zowotchera madzi a dzuwa zingakuthandizireni kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowongoka zaulere zomwe zimapulumutsa ndalama ndikupindulitsa dziko lapansi.Muli ndi chidziwitso ichi, mutha kupanga chisankho chabwino kwambiri ngati chowotcha chamadzi cha solar ndi ndalama zabwino zopangira madzi otentha kunyumba kwanu.
Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa nyumba zoyendera dzuwa zidzawonongera nyumba yanu, mutha kupeza mtengo waulere, wopanda udindo kuchokera kukampani yapamwamba yoyendera dzuwa mdera lanu polemba fomu ili pansipa.
Ntchito yayikulu ya chowotcha chamadzi cha solar ndikuwunikira madzi kapena madzi osinthira kutentha kudzuwa ndikuzunguliranso madzi otentha kuti abwerere kunyumba kwanu kuti agwiritse ntchito m'nyumba.Zigawo zoyambira zonse zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa ndi thanki yosungiramo zinthu komanso chosonkhanitsa chomwe chimasonkhanitsa kutentha kuchokera kudzuwa.
Chosonkhanitsa ndi mndandanda wa mbale, machubu kapena akasinja omwe madzi kapena madzi otumizira kutentha amatenga kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Madzi otentha a dzuwa ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti azitha kutentha madzi asanalowe mu chowotcha chamadzi chokhazikika m'nyumba. Koma zina zowotcha madzi a dzuwa zimatentha ndi kusunga madzi popanda kugwiritsa ntchito matanki achikhalidwe, kupereka madzi otentha a dzuwa.
Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a kutentha kwa madzi a dzuwa: osagwira ntchito komanso ogwira ntchito.Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndikuti machitidwe ogwira ntchito amafuna mpope wozungulira kuti asunthire madzi, pamene machitidwe osasunthika amadalira mphamvu yokoka kuti asunthire madzi.
Muzotolera zosavuta za dzuwa, madzi amatenthedwa mu chitoliro ndiyeno amalumikizidwa mwachindunji ku mpopi kudzera pa chitoliro ngati pakufunika. Otolera adzuwa omwe amagwira ntchito amatha kugwiritsa ntchito antifreeze - kuchokera ku solar solar kupita ku heat exchanger kutenthetsa madzi akumwa kuti asungidwe ndikugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba - kapena kutenthetsa madziwo mwachindunji, omwe amawapopera mu thanki.
Machitidwe okhazikika komanso osasunthika ali ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono odzipereka kumadera osiyanasiyana, mishoni, kuthekera ndi bajeti.Zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu zimadalira izi:
Ngakhale okwera mtengo kuposa machitidwe ongokhala, zotenthetsera zotentha za dzuwa zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri. Pali mitundu iwiri ya machitidwe otenthetsera madzi a dzuwa:
M'kati mwadongosolo lachindunji, madzi amchere amadutsa molunjika m'chotolera ndi kulowa m'thanki yosungiramo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito. Iwo ndi abwino kwambiri kumadera otentha kumene kutentha sikumalowa pansi pa kuzizira.
Machitidwe osalunjika omwe amagwira ntchito amazungulira madzi osakhala mufiriji kupyolera mwa osonkhanitsa dzuwa ndi kutenthetsa kutentha kumene kutentha kwa madzi kumasamutsidwa ku madzi akumwa.Madziwo amasinthidwanso ku tanki yosungiramo ntchito zapakhomo.Njira zosalunjika zogwira ntchito ndizofunikira kwa nyengo yozizira kumene kutentha nthawi zambiri kumatsika pansi pa kuzizira.Popanda machitidwe osalunjika, mapaipi amatha kuzizira ndi kuphulika.
Madzi otentha a dzuwa otsika ndi njira yotsika mtengo komanso yosavuta, komanso imakhala yocheperapo kusiyana ndi machitidwe ogwira ntchito.
Dongosolo la Integrated Collector Storage (ICS) ndilosavuta kwambiri pazigawo zonse zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa - wokhometsayo atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati thanki yosungiramo. Zimagwira ntchito bwino, koma zimangogwira ntchito m'malo okhala ndi chiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri cha kuzizira. Dongosolo la ICS litha kukhala losavuta ngati thanki yayikulu yakuda kapena mapaipi ang'onoang'ono amkuwa omwe amayikidwa padenga.
Machitidwe a ICS nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi kwa mawotchi ochiritsira.Mu dongosolo loterolo, madzi akafunika, amachoka ku tanki yosungiramo / osonkhanitsa ndikupita ku chowotcha chamadzi chachikhalidwe m'nyumba.
Kulingalira kofunikira kwa machitidwe a ICS ndi kukula ndi kulemera kwake: chifukwa matankiwo nawonso ndi osonkhanitsa, ndi aakulu komanso olemetsa.Kumangaku kuyenera kukhala kolimba mokwanira kuti kuthandizira dongosolo la ICS lalikulu kwambiri, lomwe lingakhale losatheka kapena losatheka kwa nyumba zina.Kuipa kwina kwa dongosolo la ICS ndiloti limakonda kuzizira komanso kuphulika m'nyengo yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyengo yotentha isayambe kugunda kapena kuzizira.
Machitidwe a Thermosyphon amadalira njinga yamoto.Madziwa amazungulira ngati madzi ofunda akukwera ndipo madzi ozizira amagwa.Ali ndi thanki ngati chigawo cha ICS, koma wosonkhanitsa amatsika pansi kuchokera ku thanki kuti alole kuyendetsa njinga yamoto.
Wosonkhanitsa thermosiphon amasonkhanitsa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikutumiza madzi otentha kubwerera ku thanki kupyolera muzitsulo zotsekedwa kapena chitoliro cha kutentha.Ngakhale kuti thermosiphon ndi yothandiza kwambiri kuposa machitidwe a ICS, sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumene kumasulidwa nthawi zonse kumapangidwa.
Madzi otentha kwambiri omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, m'pamenenso chowotcha chanu chamadzi cha dzuwa chidzadzilipira pakapita nthawi.Zowotchera madzi a dzuwa ndizomwe zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri kwa mabanja omwe ali ndi mamembala ambiri kapena zosowa zamadzi otentha kwambiri.
Chotenthetsera chamadzi cha solar chimawononga pafupifupi $9,000 chisanafike chilimbikitso cha federal, kufika pa $13,000 kwa zitsanzo zogwira ntchito zapamwamba.Makina ang'onoang'ono amatha mtengo wochepera $1,500.
Mitengo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kusankha kwanu kwa zipangizo, kukula kwa dongosolo, kuyika ndi kukonza ndalama, ndi zina.Ngakhale kuti machitidwe a ICS ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri (pafupifupi $4,000 pa 60 galoni unit), sagwira ntchito m'madera onse, kotero ngati nyumba yanu ikuwona kutentha kwabwino pansi pa kuzizira, simungachitire mwina koma kugwiritsa ntchito Gulani kachitidwe kosalunjika kosiyana, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lina la chaka.
Kulemera ndi kukula kwa machitidwe ochepetsera otsika mtengo sangakhale a aliyense.Ngati dongosolo lanu silingathe kupirira kulemera kwa dongosolo lokhazikika kapena mulibe malo, njira yogwira ntchito yokwera mtengo ndiyonso njira yanu yabwino.
Ngati mukumanga nyumba yatsopano kapena kubweza ndalama, mutha kuwerengera mtengo wa chotenthetsera chanu chatsopano chamadzi panyumba yanu. Kuphatikizira mtengo wa chotenthetsera chatsopano chamadzi pazaka 30 zobwereketsa zidzakutengerani $13 mpaka $20 pamwezi. Kuphatikiza ndi zolimbikitsa za feduro, mutha kulipira pang'ono ngati $10 mpaka $15 yanyumba yatsopano. 10- $ 15 pamwezi, mudzayamba kusunga ndalama nthawi yomweyo.Madzi ambiri omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito, mofulumira dongosolo lidzadzilipira.
Kuphatikiza pa mtengo wogula ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo palokha, muyeneranso kuganizira ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito pachaka.Mu njira yosavuta yochitira zinthu, izi ndizosavomerezeka kapena ayi.Koma m'machitidwe ambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochiritsira madzi ndi mawotchi a dzuwa, mudzakhala ndi ndalama zotentha, ngakhale zotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi zowotchera wamba zokha.
Simuyenera kulipira mtengo wathunthu wa njira yatsopano yotenthetsera madzi a solar.Kulipira kwa msonkho wa Federal kumatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zoyika.Nkhangole ya Federal Residential Renewable Energy Tax (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti ITC kapena Investment Tax Credit) ikhoza kupereka ngongole ya msonkho ya 26% ya zowotchera madzi a solar.Koma pali zinthu zina zomwe zikuyenera kuti ziyenerere:
Maboma ambiri, ma municipalities, ndi ma utility akupereka zolimbikitsira zawo ndi kuchotsera pakuyika zotenthetsera madzi a sola.Onani nkhokwe ya DSIRE kuti mudziwe zambiri zamalamulo.
Zida zotenthetsera madzi za sola zimapezeka m'maketani ambiri amtundu, monga Home Depot.Units zitha kugulidwanso mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga, ndi Duda Diesel ndi Sunbank Solar zomwe zimapereka zosankha zingapo zazikulu zokhalamo zotenthetsera madzi.
Popeza pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zimatenthetsa madzi a dzuwa zomwe muyenera kugula, ndi bwino kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri posankha ndikuyika makina opangira madzi otentha a dzuwa.
Zotenthetsera madzi a sola sizili zofala monga momwe zimakhalira kale.Izi zachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kutsika kwakukulu kwa mtengo wamagetsi adzuwa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe akanayika zida zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa asiye kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa ndi ma solar kuti atenthetse madzi.
Zowotchera madzi a dzuwa zimatenga malo amtengo wapatali, ndipo kwa eni nyumba omwe ali ndi chidwi chopanga mphamvu zawo za dzuwa, zingakhale zomveka kuti awonjezere malo omwe alipo ndikuchotseratu kutentha kwa dzuwa, m'malo mogula ma solar panels.
Komabe, ngati mulibe malo opangira magetsi a dzuwa, zowotchera madzi a dzuwa angakhalebe oyenerera chifukwa amatenga malo ocheperapo kusiyana ndi ma solar panels. Zowotchera madzi a dzuwa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu okhala kumadera akutali kapena monga zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera mphamvu za dzuwa zomwe zilipo. Zotentha zamakono zamakono zimakhala zogwira mtima kwambiri, ndipo zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magetsi a dzuwa ndi mawotchi obiriwira amachepetsa mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mawallets obiriwira. .
Kwa eni nyumba ambiri, chigamulocho chimabwera pamtengo.Zowotchera madzi a dzuwa zimatha kuwononga ndalama zokwana madola 13,000. Kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa dzuwa lanyumba lathunthu lomwe lidzawononge nyumba yanu, mukhoza kupeza mawu aulere, opanda udindo kuchokera ku kampani yapamwamba ya dzuwa m'dera lanu polemba fomu yomwe ili pansipa.
Kaya kutentha kwa madzi a dzuwa kuli koyenera kapena ayi kumadalira kwathunthu komwe mukukhala, zosowa zanu ndi zomwe mumakonda, komanso ngati mukukonzekera kukhazikitsa mapanelo a dzuwa. Malo otayika opangira madzi otentha a dzuwa makamaka chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa dzuwa lanyumba: Anthu omwe amaika magetsi a dzuwa amafunanso mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha kusiya zotentha za dzuwa zomwe zimapikisana ndi malo amtengo wapatali a padenga.
Ngati muli ndi malo, chotenthetsera chamadzi cha dzuwa chikhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zanu zamadzi otentha. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi magwero ena owonjezera mphamvu, zowotchera madzi a dzuwa zimakhalabe zabwino kwambiri kwa pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse.
Makina otenthetsera madzi a solar amawononga pafupifupi $9,000, okhala ndi mitundu yapamwamba kwambiri yopitilira $13,000. Zotenthetsera zazing'ono zimakhala zotsika mtengo kwambiri, kuyambira $1,000 mpaka $3,000.
Choyipa chachikulu cha zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa ndikuti sizigwira ntchito masiku a chifunga, mvula kapena mitambo, kapena usiku.Ngakhale izi zitha kugonjetsedwera ndi ma heaters ochiritsira achikhalidwe, akadali choyipa chofala ku matekinoloje onse a solar.Kukonza kutha kukhala kutseka kwina.Ngakhale nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukonzanso pang'ono, kuyeretsa kwamadzi adzuwa, kuyeretsa madzi adzuwa nthawi zonse, kuyeretsa madzi a solar.
Zotenthetsera madzi adzuwa zimazungulira madzi kudzera m'zotengera za solar (zambiri mbale zathyathyathya kapena zotolera machubu), tenthetsani madziwo ndikutumiza ku thanki kapena exchanger, komwe madziwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa madzi apanyumba.
Christian Yonkers ndi mlembi, wojambula zithunzi, wopanga mafilimu, komanso wakunja yemwe amangoganizira za mphambano pakati pa anthu ndi dziko lapansi.