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Ma biofilms ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa matenda osachiritsika, makamaka ngati zida zachipatala zikukhudzidwa.Vutoli limabweretsa vuto lalikulu kwa azachipatala, chifukwa maantibayotiki okhazikika amatha kuthetseratu ma biofilms pamlingo wocheperako.Kuletsa mapangidwe a biofilm kwapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zosiyanasiyana zokutira ndi zinthu zatsopano.Njirazi cholinga chake ndi kuvala pamwamba m'njira yomwe imalepheretsa ma melloystal, biofilm ndi magalasi a tipper, omwe amakhala ndi magalasi a tipper ndi tipper. d monga zokutira zabwino zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.Pa nthawi yomweyo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopopera kuzizira kwawonjezeka chifukwa ndi njira yabwino yopangira zinthu zosagwirizana ndi kutentha.Mbali ya cholinga cha phunziroli inali kupanga magalasi azitsulo a antibacterial antibacterial opangidwa ndi ternary Cu-Zr-Ni pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina alloying. zitsulo zokutidwa ndi magalasi azitsulo zinatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mapangidwe a biofilm ndi chipika chimodzi poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
M'mbiri yonse ya anthu, gulu lililonse latha kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwazinthu zatsopano zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zake, zomwe zapangitsa kuti ntchito zitheke bwino komanso kusanja pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi1. Zakhala zikudziwika chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa anthu kupanga zida ndi zida zopangira ndi mapangidwe azinthu zopangira zida ndi mawonekedwe kuti akwaniritse bwino thanzi, maphunziro, mafakitale, zachuma, chikhalidwe ndi magawo ena mosasamala kanthu za dziko kapena dera lina.2 Kwa zaka 60, asayansi a zinthu zakuthupi athera nthawi yawo yambiri akuganizira kwambiri chinthu chimodzi chachikulu: kufunafuna mabuku atsopano ndi zipangizo zamakono.
Kuwonjezera kwa zinthu zopangira alloying, kusinthidwa kwa microstructure yakuthupi, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcha, makina kapena thermo-mechanical processing zapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa makina, mankhwala ndi thupi la zinthu zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana. noparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, zero-dimensional, amorphous metallic glasses, and high-entropy alloys ndi zitsanzo chabe za zipangizo zamakono zomwe zinayambika padziko lapansi kuyambira pakati pa zaka za zana lapitalo. Pamene kupanga ndi kupanga ma alloys atsopano okhala ndi katundu wapamwamba, mwina pomaliza kapena m'magawo apakatikati a kupanga kwake, vuto la kuchotsedwa kwatsopano nthawi zambiri limawonjezeredwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwatsopano. librium, kalasi yatsopano ya alloys metastable, yotchedwa magalasi azitsulo, yapezeka.
Ntchito yake ku Caltech mu 1960 inabweretsa kusintha kwa malingaliro azitsulo zazitsulo pamene adapanga magalasi Au-25 pa.% Si alloys ndi kulimbitsa madzi mofulumira pafupifupi madigiri milioni pa sekondi imodzi. maphunziro ochita upainiya mu kaphatikizidwe ka aloyi a MG, pafupifupi magalasi onse azitsulo apangidwa kwathunthu pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi;(i) kulimba kwachangu kwa kusungunuka kapena nthunzi, (ii) kusokonezeka kwa ma atomiki a lattice, (iii) kusintha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pakati pa zinthu zazitsulo zoyera, ndi (iv) kusintha kwamphamvu kwa magawo osinthika.
Ma MG amasiyanitsidwa ndi kusowa kwawo kwa dongosolo la atomiki lalitali lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi makhiristo, lomwe ndi chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha makristasi. M'dziko lamasiku ano, kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika pagawo la zitsulo zamagalasi. Iwo ndi zinthu zatsopano zokhala ndi zinthu zosangalatsa zomwe zili ndi chidwi osati mufizikiki yolimba, komanso zitsulo, chemistry yakumtunda, ukadaulo, ukadaulo wazinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasiyanitsa zitsulo zamtundu wina ndi zina zambiri. ntchito zaumisiri m'madera osiyanasiyana.Ali ndi katundu wofunikira;(i) high mechanical ductility ndi mphamvu zokolola, (ii) mkulu maginito permeability, (iii) low coercivity, (iv) zachilendo dzimbiri kukana, (v) kutentha kudziyimira pawokha The conductivity wa 6,7.
Mechanical alloying (MA) 1,8 ndi njira yatsopano, yomwe inayamba mu 19839 ndi Prof. CC Kock ndi anzake. Iwo anakonza ufa wa amorphous Ni60Nb40 pogaya osakaniza a zinthu zoyera pa kutentha kozungulira pafupi kwambiri ndi kutentha kwa chipinda.Childs, ndi MA anachita ikuchitika pakati diffusous lumikiza wa reactant zinthu ufa mu riyakitala, kawirikawiri zopangidwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri mu mpira mphero 10 (mkuyu. 1a, b) .Kuyambira pamenepo, izi umakaniko anachititsa olimba-boma anachita njira wakhala ntchito pokonzekera buku amorphous / zitsulo galasi aloyi ufa, 1 mphira mphamvu monga otsika mphero 1, gitala 1, gitala, gitala 1, gitala 1, gitala 1. 2. le nanocrystalline ndi nanocomposite powder particles of metal oxides, carbides, nitrides, hydrides, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, Komanso kukhazikika kwakukulu kudzera pamwamba-pansi njira 1 ndi metastable magawo.
Schematic yosonyeza njira yopangira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) zokutira zachitsulo (MG) / SUS 304 mu phunziroli. (a) Kukonzekera kwa MG alloy powders ndi zosiyana za Ni concentrations x (x; 10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.%) pogwiritsa ntchito mpira wochepa mphamvu wochepa mphamvu muzitsulo zoyambira ndi zida zoyambira ndi b. amasindikizidwa mu bokosi la glove lodzazidwa ndi He atmosphere.(c) Chitsanzo chowonekera cha chotengera chogaya chosonyeza kuyenda kwa mpira panthawi yopera.Chotsatira chomaliza cha ufa chomwe chinapezedwa pambuyo pa maola 50 chinagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba gawo lapansi la SUS 304 pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopopera yozizira (d).
Pankhani ya zinthu zochulukira (magawo), uinjiniya wa pamwamba umaphatikizapo kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa malo (gawo) kuti apereke mikhalidwe ina yakuthupi, mankhwala ndi luso lomwe silili muzinthu zochulukirapo zoyambira. Zina zomwe zitha kusinthidwa bwino ndi mankhwala apamwamba zimaphatikizapo kukana abrasion, oxidation and corrosion resistance, coefficient of friction, bio-inertness pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kusungunula zitsulo, kusungunula zitsulo, kusungunula zitsulo, kusungunula zitsulo. al, makina kapena mankhwala njira.Monga njira yodziwika bwino, zokutira zimangotanthauzidwa ngati zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo za zinthu zomwe zimayikidwa pamwamba pa chinthu chochuluka (gawo lapansi) lopangidwa ndi chinthu china.Choncho, zokutira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mbali imodzi kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zina zamakono kapena zokongoletsera, komanso kuteteza zipangizo kuti zisagwirizane ndi kuyembekezera kwa mankhwala ndi thupi ndi chilengedwe23.
Kuti muyike zigawo zoyenera zotetezera pamwamba zokhala ndi ma micrometer ochepa (pansi pa 10-20 micrometer) mpaka ma micrometer opitirira 30 kapena mamilimita angapo, njira zambiri ndi njira zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. , thupi vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), matenthedwe kupopera njira ndi posachedwapa ozizira kupopera njira 24 (mkuyu 1d).
Ma biofilms amatanthauzidwa ngati magulu ang'onoang'ono omwe amamangiriridwa pamtunda komanso atazunguliridwa ndi ma polima opangidwa okha (EPS) .Kupanga kwa biofilm okhwima kwambiri kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'magawo ambiri a mafakitale, kuphatikizapo mafakitale a chakudya, machitidwe a madzi, ndi malo osamalira thanzi. zovuta kuchiza.Kuwonjezerapo, mafilimu okhwima okhwima amanenedwa kuti ndi 1000-osagwirizana kwambiri ndi mankhwala opha maantibayotiki poyerekeza ndi maselo a bakiteriya a planktonic, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi vuto lalikulu lachirengedwe.Zinthu zophimba pamwamba za antimicrobial zomwe zimachokera kuzinthu zowonongeka zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kufalikira kwa mabakiteriya ku mankhwala opha tizilombo chifukwa cha mapangidwe a biofilm kwachititsa kuti pakhale kufunika kokhala ndi antimicrobial membrane-coated surface yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino27. Izi zimatheka popanga zida zokutira zapadera monga graphene/germanium28, diamondi29 yakuda ndi ZnO-doped diamond-ngati carbon zokutira30 zomwe zimalimbana ndi mabakiteriya, ukadaulo womwe umapangitsa kuti Kawopsedwe ndi kukana kukula chifukwa cha mapangidwe a biofilm zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kuchulukirachulukira.Ngakhale kuti njira zonse zitatuzi zimatha kupanga ma antimicrobial pamalo ophimbidwa, aliyense ali ndi malire ake omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa popanga njira zogwiritsira ntchito.
Zogulitsa zomwe zili pamsika pano zimalepheretsedwa ndi nthawi yosakwanira yosanthula ndikuyesa zokutira zoteteza zazinthu zokhala ndi biologically.Komabe, izi zakhala zolepheretsa kupambana kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamsika panopa.Mapangidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku siliva amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu ambiri a mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe tsopano akupezeka kwa ogula.Zogulitsazi zimapangidwira kuteteza ogwiritsa ntchito ku zotsatira zowopsa za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. ikuwonekabe kuti ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri.Izi ndi chifukwa cha zoopsa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi thanzi ndi chitetezo.Kupeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe sakhala ovulaza kwambiri kwa anthu ndi kulingalira momwe angaphatikizire muzitsulo zophimba ndi nthawi yayitali ya alumali ndi cholinga chofunidwa kwambiri38.Zotsatira zaposachedwa kwambiri za antimicrobial ndi anti-biofilm zimatha kupangidwa pafupi ndi mabakiteriya okhudzidwa kapena kupha. kuletsa kumamatira koyambirira kwa bakiteriya (kuphatikiza kutsutsana ndi mapangidwe a mapuloteni pamtunda) kapena kupha mabakiteriya posokoneza khoma la cell.
Chofunika kwambiri, kuphimba pamwamba ndi njira yoyika chingwe china pamwamba pa chigawo chimodzi kuti chiwonjezere makhalidwe okhudzana ndi pamwamba.Cholinga cha kuphimba pamwamba ndi kukonza microstructure ndi / kapena kupangidwa kwa dera lapafupi ndi gawo la chigawo39.Njira zokutira pamwamba zimatha kugawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimafotokozedwa mwachidule mu Mkuyu 2a. zokutira.
(a) Choyikapo chosonyeza njira zazikulu zopangira zopangira pamwamba, ndi (b) zosankha zabwino ndi zoyipa za njira yopopera yozizirira.
Ukadaulo wautsi wozizira umagawana zofanana zambiri ndi njira zanthawi zonse zopopera zotentha. Kuyika pa gawo lapansi. Mwachionekere, mwambo ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko si oyenera kutentha-tcheru zipangizo monga nanocrystals, nanoparticles, amorphous ndi zitsulo magalasi40, 41, 42. Komanso, matenthedwe kutsitsi ❖ ❖ kuyanika zipangizo nthawi zonse kusonyeza milingo ya porosity ndi oxides.Cold kutsitsi zipangizo ali ndi ubwino wambiri wopopera (kutentha) teknoloji yaumisiri wothira mankhwala ali ndi ubwino wambiri wopopera, teknoloji ya kutsitsi imakhala ndi ubwino wambiri wopopera. muzosankha zokutira gawo lapansi, (iii) kusowa kwa kusintha kwa gawo ndi kukula kwambewu, (iv) mphamvu zomangira zazikulu1,39 (Mkuyu.2b) Kuonjezera apo, zipangizo zokutira zozizira zozizira zimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, mphamvu zambiri ndi kuuma, kupangika kwa magetsi ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu41. Mosiyana ndi ubwino wa ndondomeko ya kupopera kozizira, palinso zovuta zina zogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 2b.Pamene kupaka ufa woyera wa ceramic monga Al2O3, TiO2, Kupopera kwa dzanja, ZrO2, kuzizira kwa dzanja, ZrO2 etc. tal composite ufa angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zopangira coatings.N'chimodzimodzinso ndi matenthedwe kupopera njira.Zovuta ndi m'kati chitoliro pamwamba akadali zovuta kupopera.
Popeza kuti ntchito yamakono ikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zamagalasi ufa ngati zipangizo zokutira, zikuwonekeratu kuti kupopera mankhwala ochiritsira sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito pazifukwa izi.
Zida zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azachipatala ndi zakudya zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic (SUS316 ndi SUS304) zokhala ndi chromium pakati pa 12 ndi 20 wt% popanga zida zopangira opaleshoni. Zimavomerezedwa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha chromium ngati chitsulo chosakanikirana ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. ngakhale kuti kukana kwawo kwa dzimbiri, samawonetsa ma antimicrobial properties38,39. Izi zimasiyana ndi kukana kwawo kwapamwamba kwambiri.Pambuyo pa izi, chitukuko cha matenda ndi kutupa kungathe kunenedweratu, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kumatira kwa bakiteriya ndi colonization pamwamba pa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zazitsulo.Zovuta zazikulu zingatheke chifukwa cha zovuta zazikulu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, njira zowonongeka, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya okhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya omwe angayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mabakiteriya ndi koloni. ikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zambiri zomwe zingakhudze mwachindunji kapena molakwika thanzi la munthu.
Phunziro ili ndi gawo loyamba la ntchito ndalama ndi Kuwait Foundation kwa Kupititsa patsogolo Sayansi (KFAS), Mgwirizano No. 2010-550401, kufufuza kuthekera kwa kupanga zitsulo magalasi Cu-Zr-Ni ternary ufa ntchito MA luso (Table 1 ) kwa kupanga antibacterial filimu/SUS30401 ntchito yachiwiri ya January 2010, 2 electrochemical dzimbiri makhalidwe ndi mawotchi katundu wa dongosolo mwatsatanetsatane.Detailed microbiological mayesero adzachitidwa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya.
Mu pepalali, zotsatira za Zr alloying element zili pagalasi kupanga luso (GFA) ikukambidwa potengera morphological ndi structural makhalidwe. Komanso, antibacterial katundu wokutira zitsulo galasi zitsulo zokutira/SUS304 gulu analinso anakambidwa. .Monga zitsanzo zoyimilira, Cu50Zr30Ni20 ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 zosakaniza zamagalasi zachitsulo zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu.
M'chigawo chino, kusintha morphological wa elemental Cu, Zr ndi Ni ufa mu otsika mphamvu mpira mphero zimaperekedwa.Monga zitsanzo zowonetsera, machitidwe awiri osiyana opangidwa ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 adzagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsanzo oimira.The MA ndondomeko akhoza kugawidwa m'magawo atatu osiyana, monga momwe zikusonyezedwera ndi grinding siteji ya grinding wa 3 siteji ya ufa.
Metallographic makhalidwe a makina aloyi (MA) ufa wopezedwa pambuyo magawo osiyanasiyana a mpira mphero nthawi.Field umuna kupanga sikani ma electron maikulosikopu (FE-SEM) zithunzi za MA ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 ufa zopezedwa pambuyo otsika mphamvu mpira mphero nthawi 3, 12 ndi 50 h akuwonetsedwa mu (a), (c) kwa dongosolo Cupo 30 Corres, ndi (e) ndi Cupo30 MAR zithunzi (e). makina a Cu50Zr40Ni10 omwe amatengedwa pakapita nthawi akuwonetsedwa mu (b), (d) ndi (f).
Pa mphero ya mpira, mphamvu ya kinetic yogwira ntchito yomwe ingasamutsidwe ku ufa wachitsulo imakhudzidwa ndi kuphatikizika kwa magawo, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. Zr, ndi Ni ufa anali opunduka kwambiri chifukwa cha kuwotcherera ozizira pa chiyambi cha MA (3 h), chifukwa chachikulu ufa particles (> 1 mm m'mimba mwake) . Izi zikuluzikulu gulu particles amadziwika ndi mapangidwe wandiweyani zigawo za alloying zinthu (Cu, Zr, Ni), monga momwe mkuyu 3a, b.Kuwonjezera 1tic siteji ya mphamvu ya MAh kuwonjezereka kwa nthawi (kuwonjezeka kwapakati pa nthawi ya MAh) ll mphero, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa ufa wopangidwa kukhala ufa wonyezimira (osakwana 200 µm), monga momwe zikusonyezedwera mkuyu 3c, d. Panthawiyi, mphamvu yometa ubweya yogwiritsidwa ntchito imayambitsa kupanga chitsulo chatsopano chokhala ndi zigawo zabwino za Cu, Zr, Ni, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 3c, d.
Pachimake cha ndondomeko MA (pambuyo 50 h), ndi flaky metallography ankangooneka mofooketsa (mkuyu 3e, f), koma opukutidwa pamwamba pa ufa anasonyeza galasi metallography.Izi zikutanthauza kuti MA ndondomeko yatha ndipo kulengedwa kwa gawo limodzi anachita kwachitika.The elemental zikuchokera m'madera indexed mu Mkuyu. M) kuphatikiza mphamvu dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (IV).
Mu Table 2, kuchulukitsitsa kwa ma element a alloying kumawonetsedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa kulemera konse kwa dera lililonse lomwe lasankhidwa mumkuyu 3e,f.Poyerekeza zotsatira izi ndi nyimbo zoyambira za Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr40Ni10 zolembedwa mu Table 1, zitha kuwoneka kuti zolembedwa zamitundu iwiri yofananira ndi zinthu zina zofananira ndi zina zofananira zomaliza. kwa zigawo zomwe zalembedwa mkuyu 3e,f sizikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwakukulu kapena kusinthasintha kwa kamangidwe ka chitsanzo chilichonse kuchokera ku dera lina kupita ku lina.Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi mfundo yakuti palibe kusintha kwapangidwe kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina.
Ma micrographs a FE-SEM a mankhwala omaliza a Cu50 (Zr50-xNix) anapezedwa pambuyo pa nthawi za 50 MA, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 4a-d, pamene x ndi 10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.%, motero. particles ndi diameters kuyambira 73 mpaka 126 nm, monga momwe chithunzi 4.
Makhalidwe a morphological a Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h.Kwa Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30, Cu50Zr10Ni40 machitidwe, zithunzi za FE-SEM za ufa zomwe zimapezedwa pambuyo pa 50 MA), (motsatira nthawi ya 50) (motsatira), (motsatira) MA.
Pamaso Kukweza ndi ufa mu ozizira kutsitsi wodyetsa, iwo poyamba sonicated mu kusanthula kalasi Mowa kwa mphindi 15 ndiyeno zouma pa 150 ° C kwa maola 2. Izi ziyenera kutengedwa kuti athetse bwino agglomeration kuti nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko. micrographs ndi lolingana EDS zithunzi za Cu, Zr ndi Ni aloyi zinthu za Cu50Zr30Ni20 aloyi aloyi analandira pambuyo 50 h ya M nthawi, motero.Kuyenera kudziŵika kuti aloyi ufa opangidwa pambuyo sitepe ndi homogeneous monga iwo sasonyeza kusinthasintha kulikonse computional kupitirira sub-nanogumeter mlingo, monga momwe taonera.
Morphology ndi kugawa koyambira kwa MG Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa 50 MA nthawi ndi FE-SEM/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) .(a) SEM ndi X-ray EDS mapu a (b) Cu-Kα, (c) Zr-Lα ndi (d) zithunzi za Ni-Kα.
Mitundu ya XRD yamakina aloyi Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi Cu50Zr20Ni30 ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h akuwonetsedwa mkuyu. 6.
Mapangidwe a XRD a (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 ndi (d) Cu50Zr20Ni30 ufa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h. Zitsanzo zonse popanda kupatula zinasonyeza mawonekedwe a halo diffusion, kutanthauza kupanga gawo la amorphous.
Munda unyezi mkulu-kusamvana kufala elekitironi maikulosikopu (FE-HRTEM) ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kuona kusintha structural ndi kumvetsa dongosolo m'deralo ufa chifukwa cha mpira mphero pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana MA.FE-HRTEM zithunzi ufa analandira pambuyo oyambirira (6 h) ndi wapakatikati (18 h) magawo mphero kwa Cu50ZrNi0020 Cu50Ni1020 Cu5020c Filling powder mphero. Malinga ndi chithunzi chowala chamunda (BFI) cha ufa wopangidwa pambuyo pa MA​ 6 h, ufa umapangidwa ndi njere zazikulu zokhala ndi malire omveka bwino a zinthu fcc-Cu, hcp-Zr ndi fcc-Ni, ndipo palibe chizindikiro chakuti gawo lachitapo lapangidwa, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 7a. chitsanzo cha cusp diffraction (mkuyu 7b), kusonyeza kukhalapo kwa makristali akuluakulu komanso kusowa kwa gawo logwira ntchito.
Local structural characterization of MA ufa anapezedwa pambuyo oyambirira (6 h) ndi wapakatikati (18 h) magawo. (a) Field umuna mkulu kusamvana kufala elekitironi maikolofoni (FE-HRTEM), ndi (b) lolingana anasankha dera diffraction chitsanzo (SADP) wa Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa pambuyo MA mankhwala kwa 6 h.The 4 FEZR chifaniziro cha 6 h.The 40 FE80 FE- FEZr chithunzi cha FE-50 FE-8 FE8 akuwonetsedwa mu (c).
Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 7c, kukulitsa nthawi ya MA ku 18 h kunapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zazikulu za lattice pamodzi ndi pulasitiki deformation.Panthawi imeneyi yapakatikati ya ndondomeko ya MA, ufa umasonyeza zolakwika zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zolakwika za stacking, lattice defects, ndi zolakwika za mfundo (Chithunzi 7) . 7c ndi).
Kapangidwe kameneka ka Cu50Z30Ni20 ufa wopangidwa ndi 36 h MA nthawi uli ndi mapangidwe a ultrafine nanograins ophatikizidwa mu amorphous matrix abwino, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. 2 pa.% (dera lowonda) mpaka ~ 74 pa.% (malo olemera), kusonyeza mapangidwe azinthu zosiyana siyana.Kuwonjezerapo, ma SADPs ofanana a ufa omwe amapezeka pambuyo pa mphero pa siteji iyi amasonyeza halo-diffusing mphete zapachiyambi ndi zachiwiri za gawo la amorphous, zikuphatikizana ndi mfundo zakuthwa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zinthu zosaphika zomwe zimapangidwira. 8b.
Kupitilira 36 h-Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wa nanoscale zomangira zakomweko. (a) Chithunzi chowala chamunda (BFI) ndi chofanana (b) SADP ya Cu50Zr30Ni20 ufa wopezedwa pambuyo popera kwa 36 h MA nthawi.
Pafupi ndi mapeto a ndondomeko ya MA (50 h), Cu50(Zr50−xNix), X;10, 20, 30 ndi 40 pa.% ufa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi labyrinthine amorphous phase morphology monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu 9a-d .Mu SADP yofananira ya kapangidwe kake, palibe kusiyana kwa mfundo kapena maonekedwe akuthwa a annular omwe sangapezeke.Izi zikusonyeza kuti palibe crystally amorphous phase morphology monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu. machitidwe a ffusion adagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati umboni pakukula kwa magawo amorphous muzinthu zomaliza.
Mapangidwe a m'deralo a mankhwala omaliza a MG Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) dongosolo.FE-HRTEM ndi machitidwe ogwirizana a nanobeam diffraction (NBDP) a (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30Z atapeza MA50Ni30Z pambuyo pa MA5Ni30 ndi (d0) Cu50Zr40Ni30 (d)
Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa kutentha kwa galasi (Tg), subcooled fluid dera (ΔTx) ndi kutentha kwa crystallization (Tx) monga ntchito ya Ni okhutira (x) ya amorphous Cu50(Zr50−xNix) dongosolo lafufuzidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kusanthula kosiyana kwa Calorimetry (DSC) ya katundu pansi pa He gas flow of 0Ni02Zr 40 Ni02Zr Cu50DSC 3 ndi DSC 300 t. Cu50Zr10Ni40 amorphous alloy powders omwe amapezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h akuwonetsedwa mkuyu.
Thermal bata Cu50(Zr50−xNix) MG ufa wopezedwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h, monga indexed ndi galasi kusintha kutentha (Tg), crystallization kutentha (Tx), ndi subcooled liquid region (ΔTx).Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms of (a) Cu050Zr50Zr00, 40 Cu050Zr5000 (a) Cu050Zr500000Zr00, 40 Cu50Zr50000000000000000 Cu50Zr50Zr. Zr20Ni30 ndi (e) Cu50Zr10Ni40 MG aloyi ufa pambuyo MA nthawi 50 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) chitsanzo cha Cu50Zr30Ni20 chitsanzo kutentha ~ 700 °C mu DSC ikuwonetsedwa mu (d).
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 10, ma curve a DSC a nyimbo zonse zokhala ndi zosiyana za Ni (x) zimasonyeza zochitika ziwiri zosiyana, endothermic imodzi ndi exothermic.Chochitika choyamba cha endothermic chikufanana ndi Tg, pamene chachiwiri chikugwirizana ndi Tx. Chigawo chopingasa chomwe chilipo pakati pa Tg ndi Tx chimatchedwa subcooled fluid = Tx5 zotsatira za Tx - TZr Tx chigawo cha Tx (TZ) chimasonyeza Tx -TZr Tx chigawo cha Tx (TZ) chimasonyeza Tx (Tx) Chitsanzo cha 40Ni10 (mkuyu 10a), choyikidwa pa 526 ° C ndi 612 ° C, sinthani zomwe zili (x) mpaka 20 pa.% ku mbali ya kutentha kwa 482 ° C ndi 563 ° C ndi kuwonjezeka kwa Ni (x), motero , monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 10b. ) mpaka 81 °C kwa Cu50Zr30Ni20 (mkuyu 10b) .Kwa aloyi ya MG Cu50Zr40Ni10, adawonanso kuti makhalidwe a Tg, Tx ndi ΔTx adatsika mpaka kufika pa 447 ° C, 526 ° C ndi 79 ° C (Izi zikuwonetsa kutsika kwa MG kwa 10). aloyi.Mosiyana, mtengo wa Tg (507 °C) wa MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy ndi wotsika kuposa wa MG Cu50Zr40Ni10 alloy;komabe, Tx yake imasonyeza mtengo wofanana ndi wakale (612 ° C) .Choncho, ΔTx imasonyeza mtengo wapamwamba (87 ° C), monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 10c.
The Cu Cur50 (ZR50) Amtundu wa mg (mkuyu. 10D), omwe adatenthedwa mpaka 700 ° C pa dsc.
Chithunzi 11 chikuwonetsa zithunzi zomwe zidatengedwa panthawi yautsi wozizira womwe ukuchitika muntchitoyi. Mu phunziroli, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tagalasi tokhala ngati ufa wopangidwa pambuyo pa MA nthawi ya 50 h (kutenga Cu50Zr20Ni30 mwachitsanzo) adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zopangira antibacterial, ndipo mbale yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (SUS304) idakutidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ukadaulo wozizira kwambiri. njira mu matenthedwe kutsitsi mndandanda ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito zitsulo metastable kutentha tcheru zipangizo monga amorphous ndi nanocrystalline ufa, amene samvera gawo kusintha .Ichi ndi chinthu chachikulu posankha method.The ozizira kutsitsi ndondomeko ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito particles mkulu-liwiro kuti atembenuke mphamvu kinetic wa particles mu mapindikidwe pulasitiki, kupsyinjika ndi gawo lapansi kapena tinthu kutentha kwambiri.
Zithunzi zakumunda zikuwonetsa njira yopopera yozizira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kasanu motsatizana ka MG coating/SUS 304 pa 550 °C.
Mphamvu ya kinetic ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, motero mphamvu ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapangidwira, iyenera kusinthidwa kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga mapindikidwe apulasitiki (tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono), voids Consolidation, tinthu-tinthu kasinthasintha, kupsyinjika ndipo pamapeto pake kutentha kwa 39. ndi kugunda zotanuka, kutanthauza kuti particles amangobwerera mmbuyo pambuyo pa kukhudzidwa.Zakhala zikuwonetseratu kuti 90% ya mphamvu yowonongeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono / gawo lapansi imasandulika kutentha kwapakati 40 .Kuonjezera apo, pamene kukhudzidwa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, kupanikizika kwa pulasitiki kwakukulu kumatheka mu gawo la kukhudzana / gawo lapansi mu nthawi yochepa kwambiri41,42.
Mapindikidwe a pulasitiki nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati njira yowonongeka kwa mphamvu, kapena makamaka, gwero la kutentha m'dera la interfacial.
The BFI wa MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 aloyi ufa Tingaone mkuyu. 12a, amene TACHIMATA pa SUS 304 gawo lapansi (mkuyu. 11, 12b) . Monga tingaonere pa chithunzi, ndi yokutidwa ufa kukhalabe choyambirira amorphous dongosolo monga iwo ali wosakhwima labyrinth dongosolo kapena latti mbali zina za dzanja labyrinth mawonekedwe a labyrinth, crystalline defect ndi mawonekedwe a dzanja. ous gawo, monga momwe nanoparticles akuphatikizidwa mu MG- TACHIMATA ufa masanjidwewo (mkuyu 12a) . Chithunzi 12c chimasonyeza indexed nanobeam diffraction chitsanzo (NBDP) kugwirizana ndi dera I (Chithunzi 12a). Zr2Ni metastable plus tetragonal CuO phase.Mapangidwe a CuO akhoza kukhala chifukwa cha makutidwe ndi okosijeni wa ufa pamene akuyenda kuchokera pamphuno ya mfuti yopopera kupita ku SUS 304 panja pansi pa kutuluka kwa supersonic.Kumbali inayi, devitrification ya zitsulo zamagalasi ufa zinatheka kupangidwa kwa 50 ° C kuzizira kwakukulu kwa 5 ° C kuzizira kwa 50 min.
(a) Chithunzi cha FE-HRTEM cha ufa wa MG wokutidwa pa (b) SUS 304 gawo lapansi (chithunzi cha chithunzi). Mndandanda wa NBDP wa chizindikiro chozungulira chomwe chikuwonetsedwa mu (a) chikuwonetsedwa mu (c).
Pofuna kutsimikizira izi zomwe zingatheke kuti apange ma nanoparticles aakulu a cubic Zr2Ni, kuyesera kodziimira payekha kunachitidwa.Pakuyesa uku, ufawo unathiridwa kuchokera ku mfuti ya spray pa 550 ° C motsogoleredwa ndi gawo lapansi la SUS 304;komabe, kuti afotokoze zotsatira za annealing za ufa, adachotsedwa pamzere wa SUS304 mwamsanga (pafupifupi masekondi 60) .
Zithunzi 13a,b kusonyeza mdima kumunda zithunzi (DFI) akamagwira sikani kufala elekitironi maikulosikopu (STEM) awiri sprayed zipangizo waikamo pa SUS 304 gawo lapansi kwa 60 s ndi 180 s, motero.The ufa fano waikamo kwa masekondi 60 alibe morphological mwatsatanetsatane, kusonyeza featurelessness (mkuyu. Ichi chinalinso amorphous dongosolo XR anali 13a). , monga momwe zikuwonetsedwera ndi kufalikira kwakukulu kwapadera ndi kwachiwiri kuwonetseredwa mu Chithunzi 14a.Izi zimasonyeza kusakhalapo kwa metastable / mesophase mpweya, kumene ufa umasunga mawonekedwe ake oyambirira a amorphous. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ufa wopopera pa kutentha komweko (550 ° C), koma umasiyidwa pa gawo lapansi kwa 180 s, umasonyeza njere ya narrow 3, yomwe imasonyeza 180 s, imasonyeza njere yopapatiza. .