Zida zowotcherera zida zomwe zilipo kuti zithetse ntchito yokonza zitsulo zakula kwambiri m'zaka zapitazi, kuphatikizapo mndandanda wa zilembo za wowotcherera.
Ngati muli ndi zaka zopitilira 50, mwina mwaphunzira kuwotcherera ndi makina owotcherera a SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc kapena Electrode).
Zaka za m'ma 1990 zidatibweretsera mwayi wowotcherera wa MIG (metal inert gas) kapena FCAW (flux-cored arc welding), zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ma buzzers ambiri apume pantchito.Posachedwapa, ukadaulo wa TIG (tungsten inert gas) walowa m'masitolo azaulimi ngati njira yabwino yolumikizira zitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa ma welders amitundu yambiri tsopano kumatanthauza kuti njira zonse zinayi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito phukusi limodzi.
M'munsimu muli maphunziro afupikitsa owotcherera omwe angakulitse luso lanu kuti mukhale ndi zotsatira zodalirika, ziribe kanthu momwe mumagwiritsa ntchito kuwotcherera.
Jody Collier wapereka ntchito yake yowotcherera ndi kuwotcherera.Mawebusayiti ake Weldingtipsandtricks.com ndi Welding-TV.com ali ndi malangizo othandiza komanso zidule zamitundu yonse yazowotcherera.
Gasi yemwe amakonda kuwotcherera MIG ndi carbon dioxide (CO2).Ngakhale CO2 ndiyopanda ndalama komanso yabwino kupanga ma welds olowera mozama muzitsulo zokhuthala, mpweya wotchingawu ukhoza kukhala wotentha kwambiri powotcherera zitsulo zopyapyala.Ichi ndichifukwa chake Jody Collier amalimbikitsa kusinthana ndi 75% argon ndi 25% carbon dioxide.
"O, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito argon koyera ku MIG weld aluminiyamu kapena chitsulo, koma zida zoonda kwambiri," adatero."Chilichonse chimawotchedwa kwambiri ndi argon wangwiro."
Collier akunena kuti pali zinthu zambiri zosakaniza gasi pamsika, monga helium-argon-CO2, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupeza komanso zodula.
Ngati mukukonza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pafamu, muyenera kuwonjezera zosakaniza ziwiri za 100% argon kapena argon ndi helium yowotcherera aluminium ndi osakaniza 90% argon, 7.5% helium ndi 2.5% carbon dioxide.
Kuthekera kwa weld ya MIG kumadalira mpweya wotchinga.Mpweya woipa (pamwamba kumanja) umapereka kuwotcherera kozama kolowera poyerekeza ndi argon-CO2 (pamwamba kumanzere).
Musanayambe kukonza aluminiyamu, onetsetsani kuti mwayeretsa bwino chowotcherera kuti musawononge kuwotcherera.
Kuyeretsa weld ndikofunikira chifukwa alumina amasungunuka pa 3700 ° F ndipo zitsulo zoyambira zimasungunuka pa 1200 ° F.Chifukwa chake, oxide iliyonse (oxidation kapena corrosion yoyera) kapena mafuta pamalo okonzedwa amalepheretsa kulowa kwazitsulo zodzaza.
Kuchotsa mafuta kumabwera poyamba.Ndiye, ndiye pokhapo, kuyenera kuchotsedwa kuipitsidwa kwa okosijeni.Osasintha dongosolo, akuchenjeza Joel Otter wa Miller Electric.
Ndi kukwera kwa kutchuka kwa makina owotcherera mawaya m'zaka za m'ma 1990, oyezera ming'oma yoyesedwa komanso owona adakakamizika kusonkhanitsa fumbi m'makona a masitolo.
Mosiyana ndi ma buzzers akale omwe ankangogwiritsidwa ntchito posinthana pakali pano (AC), ma welder amakono amagwira ntchito pamagetsi amakono ndi olunjika (DC), kusintha polarity yowotcherera ka 120 pa sekondi iliyonse.
Ubwino woperekedwa ndi kusintha kwachangu kumeneku ndi kwakukulu, kuphatikiza kuyamba kosavuta, kumamatira pang'ono, sipatter yochepa, ma welds okongola kwambiri, komanso kuwotcherera kosavuta koyima ndi pamwamba.
Kuphatikizidwa ndi mfundo yakuti kuwotcherera ndodo kumatulutsa zowotcherera zozama, ndi zabwino kwa ntchito zakunja (MIG shielding gas imawulutsidwa ndi mphepo), imagwira ntchito bwino ndi zinthu zokhuthala, ndikuwotcha ndi dzimbiri, dothi, ndi utoto.Makina owotcherera nawonso ndi osavuta kunyamula komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kotero mutha kuwona chifukwa chake ma elekitirodi atsopano kapena makina opangira ma processor ambiri ndioyenera kugulitsa.
Joel Orth wa Miller Electric amapereka zolozera za electrode zotsatirazi.Kuti mudziwe zambiri pitani: millerwelds.com/resources/welding-guides/stick-welding-guide/stick-welding-tips.
Mpweya wa haidrojeni ndi ngozi yowotcherera kwambiri, yomwe imayambitsa kuwotcherera kuchedwa, ming'alu ya HAZ yomwe imachitika maola kapena masiku pambuyo kuwotcherera kwatha, kapena zonse ziwiri.
Komabe, chiwopsezo cha hydrogen nthawi zambiri chimatha mosavuta poyeretsa bwino zitsulo.Amachotsa mafuta, dzimbiri, utoto ndi chinyezi chilichonse chifukwa ndi gwero la haidrojeni.
Komabe, haidrojeni imakhalabe pachiwopsezo pakuwotcherera zitsulo zolimba kwambiri (zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamakono zaulimi), mbiri yachitsulo chokhuthala, komanso m'malo otchingidwa kwambiri.Pokonza zipangizozi, onetsetsani kuti mumagwiritsa ntchito electrode yochepa ya haidrojeni ndikutenthetsa malo otenthetsera.
Jody Collier akuwonetsa kuti mabowo a spongy kapena tinthu ting'onoting'ono ta mpweya tomwe timawonekera pamwamba pa chowotcherera ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika kuti weld yanu ili ndi porosity, yomwe amawona ngati vuto loyamba pakuwotcherera.
Weld porosity ikhoza kukhala yosiyana siyana, kuphatikizapo pores pamwamba, wormholes, craters, ndi cavities, zooneka (pamwamba) ndi zosaoneka (zakuya mu weld).
Collier akulangizanso kuti: “Lolani kuti madziwo akhale nthawi yaitali asungunuka, kuti mpweya utuluke m’chowotchereracho usanawume.”
Ngakhale ma diameter a waya omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi mainchesi 0.035 ndi 0.045, waya wocheperako umapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga weld wabwino.Carl Huss waku Lincoln Electric amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito waya wa 0.025 ″, makamaka powotcherera zida zoonda 1/8" kapena kuchepera.
Ananenanso kuti ma welds ambiri amakonda kupanga zowotcherera zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kuyambitsa kuwotcha.Waya wam'mimba mwake wocheperako umapereka weld wokhazikika pakutsika komwe kumapangitsa kuti zisawotchedwe.
Samalani mukamagwiritsa ntchito njirayi pazinthu zokhuthala (3⁄16″ ndi zokhuthala), chifukwa waya wa 0.025″ m'mimba mwake angapangitse kusungunuka kosakwanira.
Maloto akangochitika kwa alimi omwe akufuna njira yabwinoko yowotcherera zitsulo zopyapyala, aluminiyamu ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ma welder a TIG ayamba kupezeka m'mashopu apamafamu chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa mawotchi opangira ma processor ambiri.
Komabe, kutengera zomwe wakumana nazo, kuphunzira kuwotcherera kwa TIG sikophweka monga kuphunzira kuwotcherera kwa MIG.
TIG imafuna manja onse awiri (imodzi kuti igwire gwero la kutentha padzuwa lotentha la tungsten electrode, linalo kudyetsa ndodo yodzaza mu arc) ndi phazi limodzi (kugwiritsira ntchito phazi la phazi kapena chowongolera chamakono chokwera pa nyali) Kugwirizanitsa kwa njira zitatu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambira, kusintha ndi kuyimitsa kuyenda kwamakono).
Pofuna kupewa zotsatira ngati zanga, oyamba kumene ndi omwe akufuna kukulitsa luso lawo akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo awa a TIG, m'mawu a mlangizi wa Miller Electric Ron Covell, Malangizo Welding: Chinsinsi cha TIG Welding Success.
Zam'tsogolo: Chenjerani kwa mphindi 10.Zambiri zimaperekedwa "monga momwe ziliri" pazolinga zodziwitsira zambiri osati pazamalonda kapena malingaliro.Kuti muwone kuchedwa konse kwakusinthana ndi machitidwe, onani https://www.barchart.com/solutions/terms.