Kupindika kwa mandrel kumayamba kuzungulira.The mandrel amalowetsedwa mkati mwake mwa chubu.Kupindika kufa (kumanzere) kumatsimikizira utali.The clamping die (kumanja) amatsogolera chubu mozungulira kufa kupindika kudziwa ngodya.
Kudutsa m'mafakitale, kufunikira kwa zovuta zopindika machubu kumapitilirabe. Kaya ndi zigawo zamapangidwe, zida zachipatala zam'manja, mafelemu a ma ATV kapena magalimoto ogwiritsira ntchito, kapena ngakhale mipiringidzo yazitsulo zotetezera m'zipinda zosambira, ntchito iliyonse ndi yosiyana.
Kupeza zotsatira zomwe mukufuna kumafuna zida zabwino komanso luso loyenera.Monga njira ina iliyonse yopangira, kupindika kwachubu koyenera kumayamba ndi mphamvu yayikulu, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimathandizira ntchito iliyonse.
Mphamvu zina zapakatikati zimathandizira kudziwa kukula kwa chitoliro kapena projekiti yopindika chitoliro. Zinthu monga mtundu wa zinthu, kugwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapachaka kumakhudza mwachindunji njira yopangira, mtengo wake, komanso nthawi yobweretsera.
Choyamba yovuta pachimake ndi mlingo wa kupindika (DOB), kapena ngodya yopangidwa ndi bend.Chotsatira ndi Centerline utali wozungulira (CLR), amene amathamanga pakati pa chitoliro kapena chubu kukhala wopindika. 0-degree kubwerera bend.
M'mimba mwake (ID) amayezedwa pamalo otakata kwambiri a pobowo mkati mwa chitoliro kapena chubu. Kunja kwa chitoliro (OD) kumayesedwa kudera lalikulu kwambiri la chitoliro kapena chubu, kuphatikiza khoma.
Kulekerera kwamakampani kwa bend angle ndi ± 1 digiri. Kampani iliyonse ili ndi muyezo wamkati womwe ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa pazida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso chidziwitso ndi chidziwitso cha wogwiritsa ntchito makina.
Machubu amayezedwa ndikutchulidwa molingana ndi mainchesi awo akunja ndi geji (ie makulidwe a khoma). Zoyezera wamba zimaphatikizapo 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 18, ndi 20. Kutsika kwa gejiyo, kukulira kwa khoma: 10-ga. Chubu chili ndi 0.134 inchi 2.5 3-inch . ndi 0.035″ OD chubu. Khoma limatchedwa "1½-in" pagawo print.20-ga.tube."
Chitoliro chimatchulidwa ndi kukula kwake kwa chitoliro (NPS), nambala yopanda mawonekedwe yofotokozera kukula kwake (mu mainchesi), ndi tebulo la makulidwe a khoma (kapena Sch.).Mapaipi amabwera mosiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.Mandandanda otchuka akuphatikizapo Sch.5, 10, 40 ndi 80.
Chitoliro cha 1.66 ″.OD ndi mainchesi 0.140.NPS imayika khoma pagawo lojambulira, ndikutsatiridwa ndi ndandanda - pankhaniyi, "1¼".Shi.40 machubu."Tchati ya pulani ya chitoliro imatanthawuza kukula kwakunja ndi makulidwe a khoma la NPS yogwirizana ndi pulani.
Khoma la khoma, lomwe ndilo chiŵerengero chapakati pa kunja kwa kunja ndi makulidwe a khoma, ndi chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pazigono.Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoonda kwambiri (zofanana ndi kapena pansi pa 18 ga.) Zingafunike chithandizo chochulukirapo pa bend arc kuti muteteze makwinya kapena kugwa.
Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri ndi bend D, m'mimba mwake ya chubu pokhudzana ndi bend radius, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa bend radius nthawi zambiri kuposa mtengo wa D. Mwachitsanzo, 2D bend radius ndi 3-in.-OD chitoliro ndi mainchesi 6. Kukwera kwa D kwa bend, kuphweka kumakhala kosavuta kupanga. kuyambitsa polojekiti yopindika mapaipi.
Chithunzi 1. Kuti muwerenge ovality peresenti, gawani kusiyana pakati pa OD yapamwamba ndi yochepa ndi OD yodziwika.
Mafotokozedwe ena a pulojekiti amayitanitsa machubu ocheperako kapena mapaipi kuti azitha kuyang'anira mtengo wazinthu.
Pamene chubu imapinda, imatha kutaya 100% ya mawonekedwe ake ozungulira pafupi ndi kuzungulira bend.Kupatuka kumeneku kumatchedwa ovality ndipo kumatanthauzidwa ngati kusiyana pakati pa miyeso yayikulu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri ya kunja kwa chubu.
Mwachitsanzo, 2 "OD chubu ikhoza kuyeza mpaka 1.975" pambuyo popindika. Kusiyana kwa 0.025 inchi ndi chinthu cha ovality, chomwe chiyenera kukhala mkati mwa kulekerera kovomerezeka (onani Chithunzi 1) . Malingana ndi kutha kwa gawolo, kulekerera kwa ovality kungakhale pakati pa 1.5% ndi 8%.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza ovality ndi chigongono D ndi khoma makulidwe.Kupinda ma radii ang'onoang'ono muzinthu zowonda kwambiri zimakhala zovuta kusunga ovality mkati mwa kulolerana, koma zikhoza kuchitika.
Ovality imayendetsedwa ndi kuyika mandrel mkati mwa chubu kapena chitoliro panthawi yopindika, kapena mbali zina, pogwiritsa ntchito (DOM) tubing yomwe imakokedwa pa mandrel kuyambira pachiyambi.
Ntchito zopindika za chubu zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira mwapadera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zomwe zidapangidwa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira komanso kulolerana (onani Chithunzi 2) .Zosintha zilizonse zofunika zitha kusamutsidwa ku makina a CNC ngati pakufunika.
roll.Zoyenera kupanga mapindikidwe akuluakulu a radius, kupindika kwa mpukutu kumaphatikizapo kudyetsa chitoliro kapena kupyola muzitsulo zitatu mwadongosolo la triangular (onani Chithunzi 3) .Zodzigudubuza ziwiri zakunja, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhazikika, zimathandizira pansi pa zinthuzo, pamene chodzigudubuza chosinthika chamkati chimakanikiza pamwamba pa zinthuzo.
Munjira yosavuta iyi, chopindika chopindika chimakhala chokhazikika pomwe chowongolera chimapindika kapena kukanikiza zinthu mozungulira chowongoleracho. Njirayi sigwiritsa ntchito mandrel ndipo imafuna kufananitsa bwino pakati pa kufa kopindika ndi utali wopindika womwe ukufunidwa (onani Chithunzi 4).
Imodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika kwambiri ya kupindika kwa chubu ndikupindika kozungulira (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti mandrel kupinda), komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito kupindika ndi kupanikizika kumafa ndi mandrels. ).
Chilangochi chimaphatikizapo kupindika kwamitundu yambiri yazigawo zovuta zomwe zimafuna ma radii awiri kapena kuposerapo.Kupindika kwa ma radius ambiri kulinso kwabwino kwa magawo omwe ali ndi radiyo yayikulu yapakati (kugwiritsira ntchito molimba sikungakhale njira) kapena magawo ovuta omwe amafunika kupangidwa mozungulira mozungulira.
Chithunzi 2. Zida zapadera zimapereka zowunikira zenizeni zenizeni kuti zithandizire ogwira ntchito kutsimikizira magawo kapena kuwongolera kuwongolera kulikonse kofunikira panthawi yopanga.
Kupanga mtundu uwu wa kupinda, rotary draw bender imaperekedwa ndi zida ziwiri kapena zingapo, imodzi pa radius iliyonse yomwe mukufuna. Kukonzekera kwachizolowezi pamutu wapawiri wosindikizira brake - imodzi yopinda kumanja ndi ina yopinda kumanzere - ikhoza kupereka ma radiyo ang'onoang'ono ndi aakulu pa gawo lomwelo. ndi 6).
Kuti ayambe, katswiri amakhazikitsa makinawo molingana ndi chubu cha geometry chomwe chili mu pepala la bend kapena kusindikiza kupanga, kulowa kapena kukweza zogwirizanitsa kuchokera kusindikiza pamodzi ndi kutalika, kuzungulira ndi deta ya ngodya.Chotsatira pakubwera kuyerekezera kopindika kuonetsetsa kuti chubu lidzatha kuchotsa makina ndi zida panthawi yopindika.
Ngakhale kuti njirayi ndiyofunikira pazigawo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zambiri zamafakitale, makulidwe a khoma ndi utali zimatha kuperekedwa.
Kupindika kwaufulu.Njira yochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kupindika kwaufulu kumagwiritsa ntchito kufa komwe kuli kofanana ndi chitoliro kapena chubu chomwe chikupindika (onani Chithunzi 7) Njirayi ndi yabwino kwa mapindikidwe aang'ono kapena ozungulira ambiri kuposa madigiri a 180 okhala ndi zigawo zochepa zowongoka pakati pa kupindika kulikonse (mapindika ozungulira ozungulira amafunikira zigawo zina zowongoka za chida kuti agwire).
Machubu okhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina azakudya ndi zakumwa, mipando, ndi zida zamankhwala kapena zachipatala, ndi abwino kuti azipindika mwaulele. Mosiyana ndi izi, mbali zokhala ndi makoma okhuthala sizingakhale zofunikira.
Zida zimafunikira pama projekiti ambiri opindika chitoliro.Pakupindika kozungulira, zida zitatu zofunika kwambiri ndikupindika kufa, kupanikizika kumafa ndikumangirira kufa.Malingana ndi utali wa bend ndi makulidwe a khoma, mandrel ndi wiper kufa angafunikirenso kuti akwaniritse ma bends ovomerezeka.Zigawo zokhala ndi ma bend angapo zimafunikira kolala yomwe imagwira ndikutseka pang'onopang'ono ngati machubu ofunikira, kusuntha machubu, ndikumangirira kunja kwa machubu.
Mtima wa ndondomekoyi ukupindika kufa kuti upange utali wapakati wa gawolo. The kufa kwa concave channel kufa kumayenderana ndi m'mimba mwake yakunja kwa chubu ndikuthandizira kusunga zinthuzo pamene ukupindika. Nthawi yomweyo, pressure die imagwira ndikukhazikitsa chubu pamene ikuvulala mozungulira kufa kopindika. kufa, ntchito dokotala kufa pamene kuli koyenera kusalaza pamwamba zinthu, kuthandiza chubu makoma, ndi kupewa makwinya ndi banding.
Mandrels, bronze alloy kapena chromed steel inserts kuthandizira mapaipi kapena machubu, kuteteza chubu kugwa kapena kink, ndi kuchepetsa ovality. Mtundu wodziwika kwambiri ndi mpira.pamodzi iwo kuonjezera kuthamanga chofunika kugwira, kukhazikika ndi kusalaza bend.The pulagi mandrel ndi ndodo olimba utali wozungulira elbows mu mipope wandiweyani mipanda kuti safuna wipers.Kupanga mandrels ndi ndodo olimba ndi malekezero akupindika (kapena anapanga) ntchito kuthandizira mkati mwa thicker mipanda machubu kapena machubu akuwerama kuti pafupifupi radius.
Kupindika kolondola kumafuna zida zoyenera ndi khwekhwe.Makampani ambiri opindika chitoliro ali ndi zida zomwe zilipo.Ngati palibe, zida ziyenera kusungidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi utali wopindika.
Malipiro oyambilira opangira chopindika amatha kusiyanasiyana.Malipiro a nthawi imodzi amaphimba zida ndi nthawi yopangira zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange zida zofunikira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pama projekiti otsatirawa.Ngati kapangidwe kagawo kamakhala kosinthika malinga ndi utali wopindika, opanga zinthu amatha kusintha mawonekedwe awo kuti apindule ndi zida zopindika zomwe woperekayo ali nazo (m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali yowongolera.
Chithunzi 3. Zoyenera kupanga ma radius akuluakulu amapindika, mpukutu wopindika kupanga chubu kapena chubu ndi odzigudubuza atatu mu kamangidwe ka triangular.
Mabowo otchulidwa, mipata, kapena zinthu zina pa bend kapena pafupi ndi bend amawonjezera ntchito yothandiza kuntchito, monga laser iyenera kudulidwa pambuyo pa chubu.
Pali zosintha zambiri zomwe opanga ayenera kuziganizira pofufuza zigongono kapena bends. Zinthu monga zida, zida, kuchuluka, ndi ntchito zonse zimagwira ntchito.
Ngakhale njira ndi njira zopindira zitoliro zapita patsogolo kwa zaka zambiri, mfundo zambiri zokhotakhota zitoliro zimakhala zofanana.
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