Traditional hydraulic mizere imagwiritsa ntchito mapeto amodzi omwe amawotchedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ku SAE-J525 kapena ASTM-A513-T5, zipangizo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza m'nyumba.OEMs kufunafuna ogulitsa pakhomo akhoza kulowetsa machubu opangidwa ndi SAE-J356A ndipo amasindikizidwa ndi O-ring face seals, monga momwe Tru- Made.
Chidziwitso cha Mkonzi: Nkhaniyi ndi yoyamba pazigawo ziwiri pa msika ndi kupanga mizere yotumizira madzimadzi kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri.Gawo loyamba likukamba za momwe zinthu zilili m'nyumba ndi kunja kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Mliri wa COVID-19 wadzetsa masinthidwe mosayembekezereka m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikiza njira yopangira mapaipi achitsulo ndi njira yopanga mapaipi.
Mliriwu ndivuto la anthu, ndipo kufunikira kwa thanzi kwasintha momwe anthu ambiri amagwirira ntchito, ngati si onse. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito chatsika chifukwa chopuma pantchito, ena ogwira ntchito akulephera kubwerera ku ntchito zakale kapena kupeza ntchito zatsopano m'makampani omwewo ndi zina zambiri. Pamene ogwira ntchito zopanga zinthu anali pa furlough kapena kuchepetsedwa kwambiri maola ogwirira ntchito.Opanga tsopano akuvutika kulemba ndi kusunga antchito, kuphatikizapo odziwa ntchito mapaipi mphero.Kupanga Tube makamaka ndi manja pa buluu-kolala ntchito imene imafuna khama m'malo olamulidwa ndi nyengo.
Pamachubu ambiri, chitsulo ndiye mtengo waukulu kwambiri. Monga lamulo, chitsulo chimawerengera 50% ya mtengo uliwonse pa phazi limodzi la chitoliro. Kufikira kotala lachinayi la 2020, mitengo yazitsulo yaku US yaku US idagubuduza pafupifupi $800/t kwa zaka zitatu.
Poganizira momwe zinthu ziwirizi zasinthira pa nthawi ya mliri, kodi makampani ogulitsa machubu akuyankha bwanji? Kodi kusinthaku kuli ndi zotsatira zotani pamakina operekera ma chubu, ndipo ndi malangizo otani omwe alipo kuti makampaniwa atuluke muvutoli?
Zaka zambiri zapitazo, mkulu wina wa fakitale ya mapaipi anafotokoza mwachidule ntchito ya kampani yake m’makampani: “Timachita zinthu ziwiri zokha pano – timapanga mapaipi, n’kumawagulitsa.”, zododometsa zambiri, zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafooketsa mfundo zazikulu za kampani, kapena mavuto omwe alipo panopa (kapena zonsezi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo) ndizopindulitsa kwa oyang'anira akuluakulu omwe ali ndi nkhawa.
Ndikofunika kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga ulamuliro poyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri: zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kupanga ndi kugulitsa machubu abwino.Ngati zoyesayesa za kampani sizikuyang'ana pa ntchito ziwirizi, ndi nthawi yobwereranso kuzinthu zofunikira.
Pamene mliri ukufalikira, kufunika kwa mapaipi m'mafakitale ena kwatsika mpaka pafupifupi zero. Mafakitale agalimoto ndi makampani m'mafakitale ena omwe amawaona kuti ndi osafunikira akukhala osagwira ntchito. Panali nthawi yomwe ambiri m'makampani sanapange machubu kapena kugulitsa.
Mwamwayi, anthu akupanga zinthu zawo. Ena amagula mafiriji owonjezera kuti asunge chakudya. Msika wanyumba umayamba mtsogolo ndipo anthu amakonda kugula zina kapena zida zambiri zatsopano akagula nyumba, motero njira zonse ziwirizi zimathandizira kufunikira kwa machubu ang'onoang'ono. .
Chithunzi 1. SAE-J525 ndi ASTM-A519 zimakhazikitsidwa ngati zowonjezera m'malo mwa SAE-J524 ndi ASTM-A513T5.Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikuti SAE-J525 ndi ASTM-A513T5 ndizowotcherera, osati zopanda msoko.Kupeza zovuta monga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yotsogola kwapanga mwayi mu55 chubu3 zinthu zina zowongoka za SAJ5 ndi SAJ5 tube3 zina zowongoka za SAJ5-3T5 T5 ndi zina zowotcherera. 6A (yoperekedwa mu koyilo), yomwe imakumana ndi zambiri zomwezo Amafuna.
Msika wasintha, koma malangizowo ndi ofanana.Palibe chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuyang'ana pa kupanga ndi kugulitsa mapaipi malinga ndi zofuna za msika.
Funso la "kupanga kapena kugula" limabwera pamene ntchito zopanga zinthu zimayang'anizana ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito komanso zokhazikika kapena zotsika zamkati.
Kupanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi tubular pambuyo pa weld kumafuna zinthu zofunika kwambiri.Kutengera zomwe zimatuluka ndi kupanga mbewuyo, nthawi zina zimakhala zopindulitsa pazachuma kudula mizere yayikulu mkati mwa nyumba.
Kumbali ina, kudula matani 2,000 pamwezi kumabweretsa matani 5,000 azitsulo m'masheya, omwe amakhala ndi ndalama zambiri. Komano, ndalama zochepa zimafunikira kuti mugule zitsulo zodula mwachangu nthawi yomweyo. akhudzidwa ndi mliri wa COVID-19 wokhudzana ndi kupezeka kwa anthu aluso, mtengo wachitsulo, komanso kayendedwe ka ndalama.
Zomwezo zimapangidwira kupanga machubu okha, malingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili.Makampani omwe ali ndi maunyolo owonjezera owonjezera amatha kuchoka ku bizinesi yopanga chitoliro.M'malo mopanga chitoliro ndiyeno nkumapindika, kuphimba ndi kupanga maphwando ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu, kugula chitoliro ndi kuganizira ntchito zina.
Makampani ambiri omwe amapanga zida zama hydraulic kapena ma chubu amagalimoto amachubu amakhala ndi mphero zawo. Ena mwa mafakitalewa tsopano ali ndi ngongole m'malo mwa katundu. Ogula munthawi ya mliri amakonda kuyendetsa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zolosera zamagalimoto ndizokulirapo kuposa momwe mliri usanachitike. kwambiri posachedwapa.Notably, ma EVs ochulukirachulukira pamsika uno ali ndi zigawo zochepa zazitsulo zamachubu powertrain.
Ogwidwa machubu mphero nthawi zambiri amamangidwa ndi makonda designs.Izi ndi ubwino wake ntchito - kupanga mapaipi ntchito yeniyeni - koma choyipa malinga ndi chuma cha scale.Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani chubu mphero opangidwa kupanga 10mm OD mankhwala kwa odziwika galimoto polojekiti.Pulogalamuyi zimatsimikizira kuchuluka-based zoikamo.Kenako, chochepa kwambiri ndi ndondomeko yaing'ono kwambiri ndi ndondomeko anadutsamo kale anadutsa pulani yoyamba, anadutsa m'mimba mwake. kukhala ndi voliyumu yokwanira kulungamitsa dongosolo lachiwiri.Kukhazikitsa ndi ndalama zina ndizokwera kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire.Pankhaniyi, ngati kampani ingapeze wothandizira wokhoza, iyenera kuyesa kutulutsa ntchitoyo.
Zoonadi, kuwerengera sikuyima pa cutoff. Kumaliza masitepe monga ❖ kuyanika, kudula kutalika ndi kulongedza kumawonjezera mtengo wochuluka. Monga momwe mawuwa amapitira, mtengo waukulu wobisika wa kupanga chitoliro ndi kusamalira. Chubucho chimasunthidwa kuchokera ku mphero kupita ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, kumene chimachotsedwa ndi kuikidwa pa workbench kwa kudula kutalika komaliza, ndiye machubu amafunikira masitepe amtundu umodzi kuti awonetsetse kuti machubu onse amadulidwa mu chubu chimodzi.Ndalama zogwirira ntchitozi sizingadziwike ndi wowerengera ndalama, koma zimabwera ngati wowonjezera forklift kapena munthu wowonjezera mu dipatimenti yoyendetsa.
Chithunzi 2. Mapangidwe a mankhwala a SAE-J525 ndi SAE-J356A ali pafupifupi ofanana, kuthandiza omalizawo kuti alowe m'malo mwa oyamba.
Machubu a Hydraulic akhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri.A Aigupto adasula waya wamkuwa zaka zoposa 4,000 zapitazo.Mapaipi a bamboo ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China m'nthawi ya Xia Dynasty, cha m'ma 2000 BC, ndipo pambuyo pake makina opangira madzi achiroma anamangidwa ndi mipope yotsogolera, zomwe zinachokera ku ndondomeko yosungunulira siliva.
Mapaipi achitsulo osasunthika amakono adayamba ku North America ku 1890.Kuyambira 1890 mpaka lero, zopangira izi ndi zozungulira zozungulira billet.Innovations pakuponya mosalekeza m'zaka za m'ma 1950 zidapangitsa kusintha kwa machubu opanda msoko kuchokera ku ingots kupita ku zomwe panthawiyo zinali zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo, zojambula zokhala ndi zitsulo zoziziritsa kukhosi. Msika waku North America umatchedwa SAE-J524 ndi Society of Automotive Engineers ndi ASTM-A519 ndi American Society for Testing and Materials.
Kupanga machubu osasunthika a hydraulic chubing kumakhala kovutirapo, makamaka kwa ma diameter ang'onoang'ono.Kumafunikira mphamvu zambiri ndipo kumafuna malo ambiri.
M'zaka za m'ma 1970, msika unasintha. Pambuyo polamulira msika wazitsulo zachitsulo kwa zaka pafupifupi 100, slippage yosasunthika inagwedezeka ndi chitoliro chowotcherera, chomwe chinapezeka kuti chinali choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina ambiri muzomangamanga ndi misika yamagalimoto.
Zatsopano ziwiri zinathandizira kusintha kumeneku pamsika. Chimodzi mwa izo chimaphatikizapo kuponyedwa kosalekeza kwa slab, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mphero zachitsulo zizitha kupanga bwino misala yapamwamba kwambiri.Njira ina yomwe imapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera kwafupipafupi kukhale kovuta kwa mafakitale a chitoliro.Zotsatira zake ndi mankhwala atsopano: ntchito yabwino ngati chitoliro chopanda chitsulo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zofananira zopanda mtengo. A513-T5 kumsika wa kumpoto kwa America.Chifukwa chubu imakokedwa ndikuchotsedwa, ndi chinthu chothandizira kwambiri.Njirazi sizili ngati ntchito-ndi ndalama zambiri monga njira zopanda malire, koma ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa nazo zikadali zapamwamba.
Kuyambira m'ma 1990 mpaka pano, mipope yambiri yama hydraulic yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika wapanyumba, kaya imakokedwa mopanda msoko (SAE-J524) kapena yokokedwa (SAE-J525), imatumizidwa kunja. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa ntchito ndi zitsulo zopangira ndalama pakati pa US ndi mayiko omwe akutumiza kunja. ndalama zambiri pamsika uno. Mtengo wabwino wazinthu zobwera kunja ndizovuta kwambiri.
msika wamakono.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala osasunthika, okokedwa ndi annealed J524 kwakhala kukucheperachepera zaka zambiri.Akadalipo ndipo ali ndi malo pamsika wa hydraulic line, koma OEMs nthawi zambiri amasankha J525 ngati mankhwala opangidwa ndi welded, okokedwa ndi annealed J525 amapezeka mosavuta.
Mliriwu udayambanso ndipo msika ukusinthanso. Kupezeka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, zitsulo komanso mayendedwe akucheperachepera pa liwiro lofanana ndi lomwe kufunikira kwa magalimoto kumachepa. Zomwezi ndizoona pakuperekedwa kwa machubu amadzimadzi a J525 ochokera kunja. Chifukwa cha zochitika izi, msika wapakhomo ukuwoneka kuti ukufunika kusintha msika wina. Takonzeka kupanga chogwirira ntchito chocheperako, chojambula chocheperako, ndikujambula china? sichimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Ndi SAE-J356A, yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za ma hydraulic applications (onani Chithunzi 1).
Zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi SAE zimakhala zazifupi komanso zosavuta, monga momwe ndondomeko iliyonse imafotokozera njira imodzi yokha yopangira chitoliro. Choyipa ndichakuti J525 ndi J356A zimadutsana kwambiri mumiyeso, makina amakina, ndi zina zambiri, kotero kuti mawonekedwe amatha kubzala mbewu za chisokonezo. mizere yayikulu ya ma hydraulic.
Chithunzi 3. Ngakhale kuti machubu otsekemera ndi ozizira amaonedwa ndi ambiri kuti ndi apamwamba kuposa machubu otsekemera ndi ozizira, makina opangira ma chubu awiri amafanana.Zindikirani: Mtengo wachifumu mu PSI ndi kutembenuka kofewa kwa ndondomeko, ndi mtengo wa metric mu MPa.
Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti J525 imapambana kwambiri muzogwiritsira ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi, monga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zolemera kwambiri.J356A imadziwikanso pang'ono, koma imakhalanso ndi madzi othamanga kwambiri omwe amanyamula specifications.Nthawi zina zomaliza zopangira zofunikira zimakhala zosiyana: J525 alibe mkanda wa ID, pamene J356A imayendetsedwa ndi flash ndipo ili ndi mkanda wochepa wa ID.
Zopangirazo zimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana (onani Chithunzi 2) .Kusiyana kwakung'ono kwa mankhwala kumagwirizana ndi zomwe zimafunidwa zamakina.Kuti mukwaniritse zinthu zina zamakina, monga kusweka mphamvu mu kupsinjika maganizo kapena mphamvu yomaliza (UTS), mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala kapena kutentha kwa chitsulo kumachepa kuti apange zotsatira zina.
Mitundu ya ma chubu imagawana magawo omwe amafanana ndi machitidwe amakina, kuwapangitsa kuti azisinthana m'mapulogalamu ambiri (onani Chithunzi 3) Mwanjira ina, ngati imodzi sichikupezeka, inayo imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira.makampani ali kale ndi mawilo amphamvu, oyenerera omwe ali nawo.
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