Pogwiritsa ntchito zida za pulogalamu ya 3D Spark, gululo lidasanthula zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza mtengo wopanga.Zina mwa izo ndi zachindunji pazigawo, pamene zina ndi zenizeni za ndondomeko.Mwachitsanzo, sinthani mbali kuti muchepetse zothandizira ndikukulitsa malo omanga.
Mwa kuyerekezera mphamvu pa hinji, zida izi zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zilibe kanthu.Izi zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa 35%.Kuchepa kwazinthu kumatanthauzanso kufulumira kwa nthawi yosindikiza, kuchepetsanso ndalama.
Kunena zowona, zomwe akuchita zisakhale zatsopano kwa aliyense amene akuchita nawo kusindikiza kwa 3D.Ndi zomveka kukonza gawolo m'njira yoyenera.Tawona zinyalala zikuchotsedwa pakusindikiza kwa 3D komanso kupanga kwachikhalidwe.Chosangalatsa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe zimathandizira kukhathamiritsa uku.Sitikudziwa kuti pulogalamuyo idzawononga ndalama zingati, ndipo tikuganiza kuti sizongoyang'ana msika wosindikizira wa 3D.Koma podabwa chomwe chingachitidwe, tikukayikira kuti ndi mafuta odzola mawondo ndi ma modeling mu mapulogalamu omwe alipo, mukhoza kupeza zotsatira zofanana.
Mwachidziwitso, chida chilichonse chomwe chingathe kusanthula zinthu zomaliza chiyenera kudziwa zomwe zikuyenera kuchotsedwa.Tawona kuti opanga makina akugwiritsa ntchito kusindikiza kwa 3D.
"Poyerekeza mphamvu pa hinji, zida izi zimatha kuchotsa zinthu zomwe zilibe mphamvu.Ine sindine injiniya, koma ndinawerenga izi ndikuganiza Finite Element Analysis.Kenako ndinakuonani m’chiganizo choyambirira.Anazitchula .Zoonadi opanga magalimoto amachita kale.Kodi timafananiza bwanji?Kodi chitsanzochi chimapereka mphamvu pakagwa mwadzidzidzi komanso pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino?
Mphepete zonse, chigwa ndi fillet zimafuna nthawi yamakina ndi kuvala zida.Kusintha kwina kwa zida zowonjezera kungafunike, ndipo pogwira ntchito pamtunda wosiyana, zigawo zingafunikire kusinthidwa ndi kulumikizidwanso kuti zilowetse mumayendedwe omwe angapangitse matumba angapo - ngati angakhale ndi chida choyenera kuzungulira.
Ndikuganiza kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makina okhala ndi madigiri ambiri aulere kuti mutembenuzire gawolo kuti likhale labwino kwambiri… Koma pamtengo wanji?
Kusindikiza kwa 3D nthawi zambiri kulibe zoletsa zamtunduwu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magawo ovuta akhale osavuta ngati osavuta.
Komano, ubwino wa miyambo subtractive Machining ndi kuti zakuthupi amakonda isotropic, ndi mofanana amphamvu mbali iliyonse, ndipo popanda ma flats mkati, simuyenera kudandaula za kugwirizana zoipa chifukwa sintering zoipa.N'zothekanso kudutsa mphero yogubuduza (sitepe yotsika mtengo) kuti ikhale yabwino.
Njira zonse zosindikizira za 3D zili ndi malire a mawonekedwe.Ngakhale magawo a SLM.Monga momwe mungaganizire, chikhalidwe cha isotropic cha SLM chilibe kanthu.Makina ndi njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku zimapereka zotsatira zofananira.
Komabe, mtengo wokha ndi chilombo china.M'makampani azamlengalenga, kusindikiza kwa 3D ndikovuta kukhala kopikisana.
Ndinganene kuti makampani opanga ndege ndi amodzi mwa malo ochepa omwe mtengo wazitsulo zosindikizira za 3D ukhoza kulungamitsidwa.Ndalama zoyamba zopangira ndi kagawo kakang'ono ka mtengo wa chinthu chamlengalenga, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikofunika kwambiri kotero kuti ndikosavuta kupeza ntchito.Poyerekeza ndi mlengalenga-mitengo yamtengo wapatali ya chitsimikizo cha khalidwe la magawo ophatikizika, njira yosindikizira yaluso ndi kuyang'anitsitsa kozama kungapereke ndalama zenizeni zopulumutsa ndi mpweya wabwino.
Chitsanzo chodziwika bwino ndi chirichonse chomwe chimasindikizidwa mu injini za rocket lero.Mungathe kuchotsa mfundo zambiri za khalidwe losasangalatsa m'mapaipi ovuta pamene mukuchepetsa kutayika kwa mzere wobwerera ndi kulemera kwake.Ndikuganiza kuti ma nozzles ena a injini amasindikizidwa 3d (superdraco mwina?).Ndikukumbukira bwino lomwe nkhani zamtundu wina wazitsulo zosindikizidwa pa ndege za Boeing.
Zogulitsa monga zojambulira zatsopano za Navy ndi zina zatsopano zitha kukhala ndi mabulaketi ambiri osindikizidwa a 3D.Ubwino wa magawo opangidwa ndi topology ndikuti kusanthula kwamphamvu kumaphatikizidwa munjira yopangira komanso kusanthula kutopa kumalumikizidwa mwachindunji.
Komabe, pakhala nthawi kuti zinthu ngati DMLS zigwire ntchito zamagalimoto ndi kupanga.Kunenepa kumakhala kocheperako.
Ntchito imodzi yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino ndi ma hydraulic / pneumatic manifolds.Kutha kupanga ma tchanelo okhotakhota ndi zibowo zomangira zocheperako ndizothandiza kwambiri.Komanso, pazifukwa zotsimikizira, mumayenera kuyesabe 100% kupsinjika, kuti musafune chitetezo chachikulu (kupsinjika ndikwambiri).
Vuto ndiloti makampani ambiri amadzitamandira kuti ali ndi chosindikizira cha SLM, koma ochepa amadziwa momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.Makina osindikizirawa amangogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma prototyping mwachangu ndipo amakhala opanda ntchito nthawi zambiri.Popeza malowa akadali ngati malo atsopano, osindikiza akuyembekezeka kutsika ngati mkaka ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa mkati mwa zaka 5.Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mtengo weniweni ungakhale wotsika kwambiri, kupeza mtengo wabwino wa ntchito yopanga ndizovuta.
Komanso, kusindikiza kwabwino kumadalira kutentha kwa zinthuzo, kutanthauza kuti aluminiyamu imapangitsa kuti pakhale kuuma kwapamwamba komwe kungayambitse kutopa kosautsa (osati kuti zambiri zimazifuna ngati mukukonzekera).Komanso, pomwe TiAlV6 imasindikiza bwino kwambiri ndipo ili ndi mphamvu zabwinoko kuposa giredi 5, aluminiyumu imapezeka kwambiri ngati AlSi10Mg, yomwe si aloyi amphamvu kwambiri.T6, ngakhale ili yoyenera kuponya zinthu zomwezo, siyenera ku zigawo za SLM.Scalmaloy ndiyabwinonso koma ndizovuta kupereka chilolezo, ochepa omwe amapereka, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito Ti yokhala ndi makoma owonda.
Makampani ambiri amafunikiranso mkono ndi mwendo, zitsanzo 20, ndi mwana wanu woyamba kukonza gawo losindikizidwa.Ngakhale kuti zimagwira ntchito ndizofanana ndi zojambula zomwe zidatenga abulu ndi makobidi kuti apange kwa zaka zambiri, amaganiza kuti zosindikizidwazo ndi zamatsenga ndipo makasitomala amaganiza kuti ali ndi matumba akuya.Komanso, makampani ovomerezeka a AS9100 nthawi zambiri sakhala ochepa pantchito ndipo amasangalala kuchita zomwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amadziwa kuti akhoza kupanga ndalama kuchokera pamenepo ndipo akhoza kuchita popanda kuimbidwa mlandu wa ngozi ya ndege..
Kotero inde: makampani opanga ndege angapindule ndi mbali za SLM, ndipo ena a iwo amatero, koma ma idiosyncrasies a makampani ndi makampani omwe amapereka ntchitoyo amakhala mu 70s, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zovuta kwambiri.Chitukuko chenicheni chokha ndi injini, kumene majekeseni osindikizira amafuta akhala ofala.Kwa ife panokha, kumenyera ufulu wa ASML ndi nkhondo yokwera.
Utsi chitoliro kwa 3D kusindikiza zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri P-51D.https://www.3dmpmag.com/article/?/powder-bed-systems/laser/a-role-in-military-fleet-readiness
Zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mtengo wa makina ndi kasamalidwe ka zoziziritsa zoziziritsa kukhosi chifukwa cha spalling ndi nthunzi.Kuphatikiza apo, ma chips ayenera kukonzedwa.Kuchepetsa kulikonse kwa chip pakupanga zochuluka kumatha kubweretsa ndalama zambiri.
Izi nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa kapangidwe ka topology, ndipo momwe mungaganizire, ndi gawo lina la kusanthula pamwamba pa FEA.Zangogwidwa kwenikweni m'zaka zingapo zapitazi pamene zida zikufika mosavuta.
Nthawi zonse mukawona dzina la Fraunhofer, limakhala lovomerezeka ndipo gulu la opanga lidzaletsedwa kuligwiritsa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
M'mawu ena: tapanga njira yatsopano yowonetsetsa kuti galimoto yanu yasinthidwa chitsimikiziro chanu chikatha.
Kodi sindikuwona kugwirizana pakati pa mahinji a zitseko zopepuka ndi chiwembu choyipa chomwe chimakupangitsani kutaya galimoto yanu yonse m'zinyalala?
Kutopa kusanthula moyo ndi chinthu chimodzi;mukangokulitsa mphamvu zakuthupi, mudzakhala ndi gawo lomwe silingagwire ntchito.
Ngakhale atayipanga mwadala mofooka, siidzatopa atangotha ​​​​chitsimikizo, ndi hinji, koma ndi yatsopano, ndipo sizingatheke kuti mutaya galimoto yonse ...
M'zochita zake, kuonetsetsa kuti ikukwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo ndi zina zotero, mwina imakonzedwanso kwambiri, monga mafelemu ambiri agalimoto/matupi/mipando, chifukwa cha kupsyinjika komwe kudzakumane nako pakagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino..malo ogulitsa, pokhapokha ngati malamulo a m'dera lanu akufunira.
"Ndi hinji" komanso ndi chitsanzo cha kupanga gawo la moyo wapadera.Mukagwiritsidwa ntchito ku galimoto yanu yonse, galimoto yanu idzasanduka clunker pakapita nthawi.
Choyipacho ndi chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo pafupipafupi (MP3, ndikuwona!)
Chuma chonse cha US chimamangidwa pa "chip" chotere.Mwa mfundo zina zimagwira ntchito :-/.
Fraunhofer anachita zambiri za sayansi.Osati kokha, komanso kafukufuku wofunikira.Zonse zimawononga ndalama.Ngati mukufuna kuchita popanda ma patent ndi ziphaso, muyenera kuwapatsa ndalama zambiri zaboma.Ndi ziphaso ndi ma patent, anthu akumayiko ena amapezanso ndalama zina chifukwa amapindulanso ndiukadaulo.Kuphatikiza apo, maphunziro onsewa ndi ofunikira kwambiri kuti asunge mpikisano wamakampani.
Malinga ndi tsamba lawo, gawo la msonkho wanu ndi pafupifupi 30% (Grundfinanzierung), zina zonse zimachokera kuzinthu zomwe zimapezeka kumakampani ena.Ndalama za patent mwina ndi gawo la 70%, kotero ngati simuganizira izi, padzakhala chitukuko chochepa kapena misonkho yambiri.
Pazifukwa zina zosadziwika, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizoletsedwa komanso zosavomerezeka kwa thupi, injini, kufalitsa ndi kuyimitsidwa zigawo.Zopanda zosapanga dzimbiri zitha kupezeka m'mapaipi otulutsa okwera mtengo, zidzakhala ngati martensitic AISI 410, ngati mukufuna mpweya wabwino, wokhazikika muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito AISI 304/316 nokha kuti mupange chinthu choterocho.
Choncho mabowo onse m’zigawo zotere adzatsekeredwa ndi dothi lonyowa ndipo mbalizo zidzayamba dzimbiri mofulumira kwambiri.Chifukwa chakuti gawolo lapangidwa kuti likhale lolemera kwambiri, dzimbiri lililonse limapangitsa kuti likhale lofooka kwambiri pa ntchitoyo.Mungakhale ndi mwayi ngati gawolo likanakhala chotsekera pakhomo, kapena cholumikizira chocheperako chamkati kapena chotchingira.Ngati muli ndi zida zilizonse zoyimitsidwa, zida zotumizira kapena zina zotere, muli pamavuto akulu.
PS: Kodi alipo amene akudziwa za galimoto yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri yomwe yakhala ikukumana ndi chinyontho, de-icing ndi dothi ponseponse komanso ntchito zake zambiri?Mikono yonse yoyimitsidwa, nyumba zowonera ma radiator, etc. zitha kugulidwa pamtengo uliwonse.Ndikudziwa za DeLorean, koma mwatsoka imangokhala ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zakunja osati mawonekedwe a thupi lonse ndi zina zofunika.
Ndikanalipira kwambiri galimoto yokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri / chimango / kuyimitsidwa / kutulutsa mpweya, koma izi zikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwamtengo.Zinthuzo sizokwera mtengo zokha, komanso zovuta kuumba ndi kuwotcherera.Ndikukayika kuti midadada ya injini yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mitu imakhala yomveka.
Ndizovuta kwambiri.Ndi mfundo zamasiku ano zamafuta, palibe phindu kuzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Zidzatenga zaka zambiri kuti muchepetse mtengo wa kaboni wagalimoto yopangidwa makamaka ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kuti zinthuzo zikhalenso zolimba.
N’chifukwa chiyani mukuganiza choncho?Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chili ndi kachulukidwe kofanana koma kamphamvu pang'ono.(AISI 304 - 8000 kg/m^3 ndi 500 MPa, 945 - 7900-8100 kg/m^3 ndi 450 MPa).Ndi makulidwe a pepala omwewo, thupi lachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri limakhala ndi kulemera kofanana ndi thupi lachitsulo lachibadwa.Ndipo simuyenera kuwapaka, kotero palibe choyambirira / utoto / varnish.
Inde, magalimoto ena amapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena titaniyamu, kotero amakhala opepuka, koma amakhala makamaka m'gawo lapamwamba la msika ndipo ogula alibe vuto kugula magalimoto atsopano chaka chilichonse.Komanso, zotayidwa komanso dzimbiri, nthawi zina ngakhale mofulumira kuposa chitsulo.
Palibe njira iliyonse yomwe chitsulo chosapanga chilili chovuta kuumba ndikuwotcherera.Ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zosavuta kuwotcherera, ndipo chifukwa cha ductility ake apamwamba kuposa zitsulo wamba, akhoza kuumbidwa mu mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri.Samalani mapoto, masinki, ndi masitampu ena osapanga dzimbiri omwe amapezeka kwambiri.Sinki yayikulu yachitsulo yosapanga dzimbiri ya AISI 304 imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri ndipo imakhala yowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa chotchingira chilichonse chakutsogolo chomwe chadinda kuchokera kuzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.Mukhoza kupanga ziwalo za thupi mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri pazitsulo zokhazikika ndipo zojambulajambulazo zimakhala nthawi yaitali.Ku Soviet Union, anthu ena ogwira ntchito m’mafakitale amagalimoto nthawi zina ankapanga ziwalo zathupi zosapanga dzimbiri pazida za fakitale kuti zilowe m’malo mwa magalimoto awo.Mutha kupezabe Volga wakale (GAZ-24) ndi pansi, thunthu kapena mapiko opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Koma izi zinakhala zosatheka pambuyo pa kugwa kwa Soviet Union.IDK chifukwa chake ndi motani, ndipo tsopano palibe amene angavomereze kukupangirani ndalama.Sindinamvepo za ziwalo za thupi zosapanga dzimbiri zikupangidwa m'mafakitole akumadzulo kapena apadziko lonse lapansi.Zomwe ndimatha kuzipeza zinali jeep yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma AFAIR, mapanelo azitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri adapangidwanso ndi dzanja, osati fakitale.Palinso nkhani ya mafani a WV Golf Mk2 omwe amayesa kuyitanitsa gulu lazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuchokera kwa opanga malonda ngati Klokkerholm, omwe nthawi zambiri amawapanga kuchokera kuchitsulo chosavuta.Opanga onsewa nthawi yomweyo komanso mwamwano adadula nkhani iliyonse pamutuwu, osalankhulanso za mtengo.Chifukwa chake simungathe kuyitanitsa chilichonse pamtengo uliwonse mderali.ngakhale mochuluka.
Ndinavomera, ndichifukwa chake sindinatchule injini pamndandanda.Dzimbiri si vuto lalikulu la injini.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chokwera mtengo, inde, koma chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichiyenera kupenta konse.Mtengo wa gawo la thupi lopakidwa ndi lokwera kwambiri kuposa gawo lomwelo.Choncho, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chikhoza kukhala chotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi cha dzimbiri.ndipo adzakhala pafupifupi kwanthawizonse.Ingosinthani matabwa a raba omwe atha kale pagalimoto yanu ndipo simudzafunika kugula galimoto yatsopano.Zikamveka bwino, mutha kusinthanso injiniyo ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito kapena chamagetsi.Palibe zowononga, palibe kusokoneza kosafunikira kwa chilengedwe pomanga magalimoto atsopano kapena kuyendetsa akale.Koma pazifukwa zina, njira yothandiza zachilengedwe iyi siili m'ndandanda wa akatswiri azachilengedwe ndi opanga.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1970, amisiri ku Philippines anapanga ndi manja ziwalo za Jeepneys zachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Anamangidwa poyambira ndi ma jeep omwe adatsala pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse ndi Nkhondo yaku Korea, koma cha m'ma 1978 onse adadulidwa chifukwa amatha kutambasula kumbuyo kuti atenge okwera ambiri.Conco, anafunika kupanga zatsopano ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti thupi lisachite dzimbiri.Pachilumba chozunguliridwa ndi madzi amchere, izi ndi zabwino.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chilibe zinthu zofanana ndi chitsulo cha HiTen.Izi ndizofunikira pachitetezo, kumbukirani mayeso oyamba a euroNCAP pamagalimoto aku China omwe sanagwiritse ntchito chitsulo chapadera ichi.Pazigawo zovuta, palibe chomwe chimamenya chitsulo cha GS: chotsika mtengo, chokhala ndi zinthu zoponya zambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri.Msomali womaliza m'bokosi ndi mtengo wake.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndichokwera mtengo kwambiri.Amagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha galimoto yamasewera pazifukwa zomveka zomwe mtengo zilibe kanthu, koma kwa VW konse.
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