Popanga makina opangira mapaipi oponderezedwa, wopanga makinawo nthawi zambiri amafotokozera kuti makina opangira mapaipi ayenera kugwirizana ndi gawo limodzi kapena zingapo za ASME B31 Pressure Piping Code.
Choyamba, injiniya ayenera kudziwa kuti ndi ndondomeko yanji yomwe iyenera kusankhidwa.Pa machitidwe a mapaipi oponderezedwa, izi sizingowonjezera ASME B31.Ma code ena operekedwa ndi ASME, ANSI, NFPA, kapena mabungwe ena olamulira akhoza kulamulidwa ndi malo a polojekiti, ntchito, etc.Mu ASME B31, pakali pano pali zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zikugwira ntchito.
ASME B31.1 Mapaipi a Magetsi: Gawoli likuphatikiza mapaipi amagetsi m'malo opangira magetsi, mafakitale ndi mafakitale, makina otenthetsera madzi, ndi makina otenthetsera ndi kuziziritsa apakati ndi chigawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo mapaipi akunja ndi osawotchera akunja omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa ma boilers a ASME Gawo I. ASME B31.1.Chiyambi cha ASME B31.1 chikhoza kuyambika m’zaka za m’ma 1920, ndi kope loyamba lovomerezeka lofalitsidwa mu 1935.Dziwani kuti kope loyamba, kuphatikizapo zowonjezera, linali ndi masamba osakwana 30, ndipo kope lamakono lili ndi masamba oposa 300.
ASME B31.3 Mapaipi a Njira: Gawoli likukhudza mapaipi m'malo oyeretsera;mankhwala, mankhwala, nsalu, mapepala, semiconductor, ndi cryogenic zomera;ndi mafakitale opangira ma terminals ndi ma terminals. Gawoli ndi lofanana kwambiri ndi ASME B31.1, makamaka powerengera kuchuluka kwa khoma la chitoliro chowongoka.
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurry: Gawoli likukhudza mapaipi omwe amanyamula zinthu zamadzimadzi pakati pa mbewu ndi ma terminals, komanso mkati mwa ma terminals, popopa, poyimitsa, ndi poyimitsa mita. Gawoli poyambilira linali gawo la B31.1 ndipo linatulutsidwa padera mu 1959.
ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Paping and Heat Transfer Components: Gawoli likukhudza mapaipi a firiji ndi zoziziritsa kukhosi zina.
ASME B31.8 Mapaipi Otumiza Gasi ndi Kugawira Mapaipi: Izi zikuphatikiza mapaipi onyamula zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya pakati pa magwero ndi matheminali, kuphatikiza ma compressor, malo opangira ma metering;ndi mapaipi osonkhanitsira gasi. Gawoli poyamba linali gawo la B31.1 ndipo linatulutsidwa padera mu 1955.
ASME B31.9 Building Services Mapaipi: Gawoli likukhudza mapaipi omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'mafakitale, mabungwe, malonda, ndi nyumba zaboma;ndi malo okhala ndi mayunitsi ambiri omwe safuna kukula, kupanikizika, ndi kutentha kwapakati pa ASME B31.1.Gawo ili ndi lofanana ndi ASME B31.1 ndi B31.3, koma silimasamala kwambiri (makamaka powerengera makulidwe a khoma) ndipo lili ndi tsatanetsatane wochepa. Zimangokhalira kupanikizika kochepa, ntchito zochepetsera kutentha monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu ASME B31.2 ndime yoyamba ya 291.9
ASME B31.12 Mapaipi a Hydrogen ndi Mapaipi: Gawoli likukhudza mapaipi amagetsi amagetsi a haidrojeni, komanso mapaipi amagetsi a haidrojeni. Gawoli lidasindikizidwa koyamba mu 2008.
Mapulani amtundu wanji akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ake. Mawu oyamba a ASME B31 akuti, "Ndiudindo wa eni ake kusankha gawo la ma code lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa mapaipi."Nthawi zina, "magawo angapo amatha kugwira ntchito pamagawo osiyanasiyana oyika."
Kope la 2012 la ASME B31.1 lidzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chiyambi chazokambirana zotsatila.Cholinga cha nkhaniyi ndi kutsogolera injiniya wosankha kupyolera mu njira zina zazikulu popanga dongosolo la ASME B31 logwirizana ndi kuthamanga kwa mapaipi.Kutsatira malangizo a ASME B31.1 kumapereka chifaniziro chabwino cha mapangidwe a dongosolo lonse.39ME yotsatiridwa ndi B3 Njira zotsatiridwa ndi ASME3 zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. 31 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulogalamu ochepetsetsa, makamaka pa machitidwe kapena mapulogalamu enaake, ndipo sizidzakambidwanso.Ngakhale kuti njira zazikulu zogwirira ntchito zidzasonyezedwa apa, zokambiranazi sizikutha ndipo ndondomeko yonseyi iyenera kutchulidwa nthawi zonse panthawi yokonza dongosolo.Zolemba zonse zolembera malemba zimatchula ASME B31.1 pokhapokha ngati zitanenedwa zina.
Pambuyo posankha kachidindo koyenera, wokonza dongosolo ayeneranso kuwunikanso zofunikira za dongosolo lililonse lokonzekera. zofunikira za kutentha, komanso zoletsa zosiyanasiyana zaulamuliro zomwe zafotokozedwa pakati pa chowotcheracho chokha, mapaipi akunja a boiler, ndi mapaipi akunja opanda boiler olumikizidwa ndi mapaipi a ASME Part I.tanthauzo.Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa zolephera izi za boiler ya ng'oma.
Wopanga dongosolo ayenera kudziwa kupanikizika ndi kutentha komwe dongosololi lidzagwire ntchito komanso momwe dongosololi liyenera kupangidwira kuti likwaniritse.
Malingana ndi ndime 101.2, kupanikizika kwapangidwe kwamkati sikudzakhala kochepa kuposa kupanikizika kopitilira muyeso (MSOP) mkati mwa dongosolo la payipi, kuphatikizapo zotsatira za mutu wosasunthika. Piping yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yakunja idzapangidwira kupanikizika kwakukulu komwe kumayembekezeredwa pansi pa opaleshoni, kutseka kapena kuyesedwa. Komanso, zotsatira za chilengedwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Zidzapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi kupanikizika kwa kunja kapena njira zomwe zidzatengedwe kuti ziwononge vacuum.M'malo omwe kuwonjezereka kwamadzimadzi kungapangitse kupanikizika, makina a mapaipi ayenera kupangidwa kuti athe kupirira kupanikizika kwakukulu kapena njira zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetsedwe.
Kuyambira mu Gawo 101.3.2, kutentha kwachitsulo pamapangidwe a mapaipi kudzakhala kuyimira zomwe zikuyembekezeka.
Nthawi zambiri, opanga amawonjezera malire otetezedwa ku mphamvu yayikulu yogwirira ntchito komanso/kapena kutentha.Kukula kwa malire kumadalira ntchitoyo.Ndikofunikiranso kuganizira zopinga zakuthupi pozindikira kutentha kwa kapangidwe.Kufotokozera kutentha kwapamwamba (kuposa 750 F) kungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito zida za aloyi m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri za kaboni. kufunika kwa 800 F. Kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chitsulo cha carbon ku kutentha kwa pamwamba pa 800 F kungapangitse kuti chitolirocho chikhale cha carbonize, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale cholimba kwambiri komanso chosavuta kuchita.
Nthawi zina mainjiniya amathanso kufotokozera zovuta zoyeserera pa dongosolo lililonse.Ndime 137 imapereka chitsogozo pakuyesa kupsinjika.komabe, hoop ndi kupsyinjika kwautali mu payipi sikuyenera kupitirira 90% ya mphamvu zokolola za zinthu zomwe zili mu ndime 102.3.3 (B) panthawi ya mayesero othamanga.Kwa machitidwe ena omwe si a boilers kunja kwa mapaipi, mu-utumiki kutayikira kuyezetsa kungakhale njira yothandiza kwambiri yoyang'ana kutayikira chifukwa cha zovuta kudzipatula pazigawo zoyamba za dongosolo, chifukwa choyesa kutayikira kwa dongosolo, kapena kuphweka kwa dongosolo.Ndizovomerezeka, izi ndizovomerezeka.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zikakhazikitsidwa, mapaipi amatha kufotokozedwa.Choyamba chosankha ndichoti zinthu ziti zigwiritsidwe ntchito.Monga tafotokozera kale, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi malire a kutentha.Ndime 105 imapereka zoletsa zina pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zapaipi.Kusankha kwazinthu kumadaliranso dongosolo lamadzimadzi, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma alloys a nickel muzowononga mankhwala opangira mapaipi, pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kuti apereke zinthu zoyera zachitsulo ndi mpweya wochuluka wa 0. celerated corrosion.Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) ndi kukokoloka / dzimbiri chodabwitsa chomwe chasonyezedwa kuti chimayambitsa kupatulira kwa khoma ndi kulephera kwa mapaipi muzinthu zina zovuta kwambiri za mapaipi.
Equation 7 ndi Equation 9 mu ndime 104.1.1 imatanthawuza kukula kwa khoma lofunika kwambiri komanso kukakamiza kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe amkati, motero, kwa chitoliro chowongoka kutengera kupanikizika kwa mkati. kufotokoza za zipangizo zoyenera zopopera, m'mimba mwake mwadzina, ndi makulidwe a khoma kungakhale njira yobwerezabwereza yomwe ingaphatikizepo kuthamanga kwamadzimadzi, kutsika kwa kuthamanga, ndi kupopera ndi kupopera ndalama.
Malipiro owonjezera a makulidwe atha kuwonjezeredwa kuti alipire pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza FAC. Zololeza zitha kufunidwa chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa ulusi, mipata, ndi zina. Zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kupanga zolumikizira zamakina. Malinga ndi ndime 102.4.2, gawo locheperako lidzakhala lofanana ndi kuya kwa ulusi kuphatikiza kulolerana kwa makina. Chilolezo chingafunikirenso kuti chipereke mphamvu zowonjezera, kuwononga chitoliro chowonjezera, kuwononga kowonjezera kapena kuwononga chitoliro china, kuwononga chitoliro chowonjezera, kapena kuwononga chitoliro. zomwe zafotokozedwa m'ndime 102.4.4.Zololeza zitha kuwonjezeredwanso ku akaunti yamalumikizidwe owotcherera (ndime 102.4.3) ndi ma elbows (ndime 102.4.5) Pomaliza, kulolerana kutha kuonjezedwa kuti kulipire dzimbiri ndi / kapena kukokoloka.The makulidwe a chilolezo ichi ndi kusagwirizana ndi ndime kuyembekezera ndimeyo ndi mlengiyo adzakhala ndi moyo ndime. 02.4.1.
Optional Annex IV amapereka chitsogozo pa dzimbiri. Zotchingira zoteteza, cathodic chitetezo, ndi magetsi kudzipatula (monga insulating flanges) ndi njira zopewera dzimbiri kunja kwa mapaipi okwiriridwa kapena pansi pa madzi.Corrosion inhibitors kapena liners angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuteteza dzimbiri mkati.Chisamaliro ayeneranso kumwedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito hydrostatic purity, kuyezetsa koyera ndi kukhetsa madzi ngati n'koyenera, kukhetsa hydroping ndi kukhetsa madzi.
Kuchulukira kwa khoma la chitoliro kapena ndandanda yofunikira pakuwerengera zam'mbuyomu sikungakhale kosadukizadukiza m'mimba mwake ya chitoliro ndipo ingafunike madongosolo osiyanasiyana a ma diameter osiyanasiyana. Ndondomeko yoyenera ndi makulidwe a khoma amatanthauzidwa mu ASME B36.10 Welded and Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Pofotokoza za chitoliro ndikuwerengera zomwe takambirana m'mbuyomu, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera kumafanana ndi zinthu zomwe zatchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ngati A312 304L chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichinatchulidwe molakwika m'malo mwa A312 304 chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, makulidwe a khoma omwe amaperekedwa akhoza kukhala osakwanira chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu komwe kungatheke chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwazinthu ziwiri. Chitolirocho chiyenera kutchulidwa moyenerera.Mwachitsanzo, ngati kupanikizika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa chitoliro chopanda phokoso kumagwiritsidwa ntchito powerengera, chitoliro chopanda msoko chiyenera kufotokozedwa.Kupanda kutero, wopanga / woikapo angapereke chitoliro cha seam welded, chomwe chingayambitse kusakwanira kwa khoma chifukwa cha kutsika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kovomerezeka.
Mwachitsanzo, tiyerekeze kutentha kwapangidwe kwa payipi ndi 300 F ndipo kupanikizika kwa mapangidwe ndi 1,200 psig.2″ ndi 3″. Waya wachitsulo cha carbon (A53 Grade B opanda msoko) adzagwiritsidwa ntchito. Dziwani ndondomeko yoyenera yopopera kuti mufotokoze kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira za ASME B31.1 Equation 9. Choyamba, zafotokozedwa:
Kenako, dziwani kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kwa A53 Grade B pamatenthedwe omwe ali pamwambapa kuchokera pa Table A-1. Dziwani kuti mtengo wa chitoliro chopanda msoko umagwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa chitoliro chopanda msoko chafotokozedwa:
Chiwongoladzanja cha makulidwe chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Pazogwiritsira ntchito izi, 1/16 inchi.
3 mainchesi. Chitolirocho chidzatchulidwa poyamba. Pongoganizira chitoliro cha ndondomeko 40 ndi kulolerana kwa 12.5%, kuwerengera kuthamanga kwakukulu:
Ndondomeko ya 40 chitoliro ndi yokhutiritsa kwa 3 inchi.chubu muzopangidwe zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa.Kenako, fufuzani mainchesi 2. Chitolirocho chimagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwewo:
2 mainchesi. Pansi pa mapangidwe omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa, kupopera kudzafuna makulidwe a khoma lakuda kuposa Ndondomeko 40. Yesani mainchesi 2. Konzani mapaipi 80:
Ngakhale makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro nthawi zambiri ndizomwe zimalepheretsa kamangidwe kakanikizidwe, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kuti zotengera, zida ndi zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizoyenera malinga ndi zomwe zapangidwira.
Monga lamulo, molingana ndi ndime 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 ndi 107, mavavu onse, zolumikizira ndi zigawo zina zokhala ndi kupanikizika zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi zomwe zalembedwa mu Table 126.1 zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pazikhalidwe zogwirira ntchito kapena pansi pamiyezoyo ngati kukakamiza-kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kutsatiridwa ndi owongolera omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa pamiyezo yomwe opanga akuyenera kuyika pamiyezo yotsimikizika kapena yotsimikizika pamiyezo yomwe opanga azitha kutsimikizira. zopatuka pakugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse kuposa zomwe zafotokozedwa mu ASME B31.1, malire okhwima adzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pamphambano za mapaipi, mipiringidzo, mitanda, nthambi zowotcherera, ndi zina zotero, zopangidwa motsatira ndondomeko zomwe zalembedwa mu Table 126.1 zimalimbikitsidwa. Nthawi zina, mphambano ya mapaipi ingafunike kugwirizana kwapadera kwa nthambi.
Kuti apange mosavuta mapangidwe, wopanga angasankhe kuyika mapangidwe apamwamba kuti akwaniritse mlingo wa flange wa gulu lina lamphamvu (monga ASME kalasi 150, 300, etc.) monga momwe amafotokozera kalasi ya kutentha-kutentha kwa zipangizo zina zomwe zatchulidwa mu ASME B16 .5 Mapaipi a flanges ndi ma flange olowa, kapena miyezo yofananira yomwe ili mu Table 126 sikuvomerezeka. chigawo mapangidwe.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la mapangidwe a mapaipi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kukhulupirika kwapangidwe kachitidwe ka mapaipi kumasungidwa pamene zotsatira za kupanikizika, kutentha ndi mphamvu zakunja zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kukhulupirika kwadongosolo kwadongosolo nthawi zambiri kumamanyalanyazidwa pakupanga mapangidwe ndipo, ngati sikunapangidwe bwino, kungakhale imodzi mwa magawo okwera mtengo kwambiri a mapangidwewo. ndi Kusinthasintha.
Ndime 104.8 imatchula ndondomeko zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire ngati makina opangira mapaipi amaposa kupanikizika kovomerezeka.Makodi awa amatchulidwa kawirikawiri monga katundu wopitirira, nthawi zina, ndi katundu wosuntha.Katundu wosasunthika ndi zotsatira za kupanikizika ndi kulemera pa dongosolo la pipeni. katundu wodziwikiratu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito sudzachitapo kanthu pa katundu wina wongochitika mwangozi nthawi yomweyo, kotero kuti katundu aliyense wodziwikiratu adzakhala wolemetsa wosiyana panthawi ya kusanthula.Katundu wa displacement ndi zotsatira za kukula kwa kutentha, kusuntha kwa zida panthawi yogwira ntchito, kapena katundu wina uliwonse wosamutsidwa.
Ndime 119 ikukamba za momwe mungagwirire kukula kwa chitoliro ndi kusinthasintha mu machitidwe a mapaipi ndi momwe mungadziwire katundu.
Kuti agwirizane ndi kusinthasintha kwa kayendedwe ka mapaipi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likuthandizidwa bwino, ndi bwino kuthandizira mapaipi achitsulo molingana ndi Table 121.5.Ngati mlengi amayesetsa kukwaniritsa malo omwe amathandizira pa tebulo ili, amakwaniritsa zinthu zitatu: amachepetsa kudzipatulira, amachepetsa katundu wokhazikika, ndikuwonjezera katundu wothandizira, ngati 1 imapangitsa kuti pakhale kupanikizika kwa 1. Nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa zosakwana 1/8 inchi ya kudzikonda kusamutsidwa kapena sag.pakati pa chubu zothandizira.Kuchepetsa kudzichepetsera kudzipatulira kumathandiza kuchepetsa mwayi wa condensation mu mapaipi onyamula nthunzi kapena mpweya. Chifukwa chake, pochepetsa katundu wokhazikika, kulekerera kwapang'onopang'ono kumatha kukulitsidwa.Kutalikirana kovomerezeka kwa zothandizira zitoliro kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3.
Kuthandizira kuwonetsetsa kuti zonyamula zonyamula mapaipi zimaganiziridwa bwino komanso kuti kupsinjika kwa ma code kumakwaniritsidwa, njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kupanga kusanthula kwapaipi kothandizira pakompyuta pa system.Pali mitundu ingapo ya mapulogalamu osanthula mapaipi omwe amapezeka, monga Bentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, kapena imodzi mwazinthu zina zomwe zimapezeka pamalonda. kutsimikizira kosavuta komanso kuthekera kosintha kofunikira pakukonzekera.Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha fanizo ndi kusanthula gawo la mapaipi.
Popanga dongosolo latsopano, okonza dongosolo amatchula kuti mapaipi onse ndi zigawo zake ziyenera kupangidwa, kuwotcherera, kusonkhanitsa, ndi zina zotero monga momwe zimafunira ndi code iliyonse yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
A vuto wamba anakumana mu ntchito retrofit ndi kuwotcherera preheat (ndime 131) ndi pambuyo kuwotcherera kutentha mankhwala (ndime 132) .Mwa zina zopindulitsa, mankhwala kutentha amenewa ntchito kuthetsa nkhawa, kuteteza akulimbana, ndi kuonjezera weld mphamvu.Zinthu zimene zimakhudza chisanadze kuwotcherera ndi post-weld kutentha mankhwala zofunika monga, koma si zokhazo, zinthu zotsatirazi: zinthu zakuthupi ndi makulidwe olowa mu gulu Pld E. Zowonjezera Zowonjezera A zili ndi chiwerengero cha P. Pakuwotcha, ndime 131 imapereka kutentha kochepa komwe zitsulo zoyambira ziyenera kutenthedwa zisanayambe kuwotcherera.Kwa PWHT, Table 132 imapereka kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yogwira zone. zimachitika chifukwa cholephera kutentha bwino.
Mbali ina yomwe ingakhale yodetsa nkhawa mu makina opopera oponderezedwa ndi mipope yokhotakhota. Kupindika mapaipi kungayambitse kupatulira khoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale makulidwe osakwanira a khoma. Malinga ndi ndime 102.4.5, code imalola kupindika malinga ngati makulidwe ochepa a khoma akukwaniritsa njira yomweyi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chowongoka. bend radii.Mapiritsi angafunikenso kupindika ndi/kapena kutsata kutentha kwapambuyo.Ndime 129 imapereka chitsogozo pakupanga zigongono.
Kwa machitidwe ambiri a mapaipi oponderezedwa, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa valavu yotetezera chitetezo kapena valavu yothandizira kuti muteteze kupanikizika kwambiri mu dongosolo.Pazinthu izi, zowonjezera zowonjezera II: Malamulo Opangira Kuyika kwa Valve Chitetezo ndizofunika kwambiri koma nthawi zina sizidziwika bwino.
Mogwirizana ndi ndime II-1.2, mavavu otetezera amakhala ndi mawonekedwe otseguka a gasi kapena ntchito ya nthunzi, pomwe mavavu otetezedwa amatseguka polumikizana ndi kumtunda kwa static ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamadzi.
Ma valve otetezera chitetezo amadziwika ndi ngati ali otseguka kapena otsekedwa machitidwe otulutsa.Mu mpweya wotseguka, chigoba pamtunda wa valve yotetezera nthawi zambiri chimatuluka mu chitoliro cha mpweya kupita ku mpweya. Mu ndime II-2.2.2, ndime II-2.2.2, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kukakamiza kwa mapangidwe a mzere wotsekedwa kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa kuthamanga kwa mpweya wogwira ntchito.
Kuyika ma valve otetezera chitetezo kungakhale ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana monga momwe tafotokozera m'ndime II-2. Mphamvuzi zimaphatikizapo zotsatira zowonjezera kutentha, kuyanjana kwa ma valve angapo othandizira kupuma nthawi imodzi, zivomezi ndi / kapena kugwedezeka kwa zotsatira, ndi zotsatira za kupanikizika pazochitika zowonongeka. valve.Equations amaperekedwa mu ndime II-2.2 pofuna kudziwa kuthamanga ndi liwiro pa chigongono kutulutsa, kutulutsa chitoliro polowera, ndi kutulutsa chitoliro kutulukira kwa machitidwe otsegula ndi otsekedwa.
Chitsanzo cha vuto la ntchito yotsegula yotseguka imaperekedwa mu ndime ya II-7. Njira zina zilipo zowerengera zizindikiro zoyenda muzitsulo zotulutsa valve, ndipo owerenga amachenjezedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi yosungira mokwanira.Njira imodzi yotereyi ikufotokozedwa ndi GS Liao mu "Power Plant Safety ndi Pressure Relief Valve Exhaust Group ASME5".
Malo a valve otetezeka ayenera kukhala ndi mtunda wochepa wa chitoliro chowongoka kuchokera ku bend iliyonse. Mtunda wocheperako umadalira utumiki ndi geometry ya dongosolo monga momwe tafotokozera mu ndime II-5.2.1.Kwa kuika ndi ma valve angapo othandizira, malo omwe akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwirizane ndi nthambi za valve amadalira radii ya nthambi ndi mapaipi a utumiki, monga momwe tawonetsera mu Note (10) (c) ya Table D-11. kutulutsa valavu yotsitsimula ku mapaipi ogwiritsira ntchito m'malo mozungulira mawonekedwe oyandikana nawo kuti achepetse zotsatira za kuwonjezereka kwa kutentha ndi kuyanjana kwa zivomezi.
Mwachiwonekere, sizingatheke kuphimba zofunikira zonse za mapangidwe a ASME B31 mkati mwa nkhaniyi.Koma injiniya aliyense wosankhidwa yemwe akukhudzidwa ndi mapangidwe a makina opopera oponderezedwa ayenera kudziwa bwino kachidindo kameneka.Mwachiyembekezo, ndi zomwe zili pamwambazi, owerenga adzapeza ASME B31 chinthu chofunika kwambiri komanso chopezeka.
Monte K. Engelkemier ndi mtsogoleri wa polojekiti ku Stanley Consultants.Engelkemier ndi membala wa Iowa Engineering Society, NSPE, ndi ASME, ndipo akutumikira pa B31.1 Electrical Piping Code Committee ndi Subcommittee.Ali ndi zaka zoposa 12 zogwira ntchito popanga makina opangira mapaipi, mapangidwe, bracing evaluation ndi kupsinjika maganizo. Zaka 6 zaukadaulo wopanga mapaipi amitundu yosiyanasiyana, makasitomala, mabungwe ndi mafakitale ndipo ndi membala wa ASME ndi Iowa Engineering Society.
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