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Kusanthula kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kumakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu sayansi ya moyo komanso kuwunikira zachilengedwe.Mu ntchitoyi, tapanga chithunzithunzi chophatikizika komanso chotsika mtengo chotengera ma capillaries achitsulo (MCCs) kuti tidziwe bwino kwambiri mayamwidwe.Njira yowunikira imatha kuchulukirachulukira, komanso yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, chifukwa kuwala komwe kumamwazikana ndi malata osalala am'mbali mwazitsulo kumatha kukhala mkati mwa capillary mosasamala kanthu za zochitika.Kuyikirako kochepera 5.12 nM kumatha kupezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma chromogenic reagents chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kopanda mzere komanso kusintha kwachitsanzo mwachangu komanso kuzindikira shuga.
Photometry imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zitsanzo zamadzimadzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chromogenic reagents ndi zida za semiconductor optoelectronic 1,2,3,4,5.Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe cha cuvette-based absorbance determination, liquid waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflect (TIR) ​​​​posunga kuwala kwa probe mkati mwa capillary1,2,3,4,5.Komabe, popanda kuwonjezereka kwina, njira ya kuwala imangokhala pafupi ndi kutalika kwa thupi la LWC3.6, ndipo kuonjezera kutalika kwa LWC kupitirira 1.0 m kudzavutika ndi kuwala kwamphamvu kwamphamvu komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha thovu, etc.3, 7. Ponena za selo lomwe likufunidwa kuti likhale lopangidwa ndi mawonedwe ambiri kuti likhale ndi njira zowonjezera zowoneka bwino, malire ozindikira amangowonjezereka ndi chinthu cha 8.95.
Pakalipano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya LWC, yomwe ndi Teflon AF capillaries (okhala ndi index yowonetsera yokha ~ 1.3, yomwe ili yotsika kuposa madzi) ndi ma capillaries a silica omwe amakutidwa ndi Teflon AF kapena mafilimu achitsulo1,3,4.Kuti mukwaniritse TIR pamawonekedwe apakati pa zida za dielectric, zida zokhala ndi index yotsika ya refractive ndi ma angle owoneka bwino amafunikira3,6,10.Pankhani ya ma capillaries a Teflon AF, Teflon AF imapumira chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake a porous3,11 ndipo imatha kuyamwa zinthu zazing'ono m'madzi.Kwa ma capillaries a quartz okutidwa kunja ndi Teflon AF kapena zitsulo, refractive index wa quartz (1.45) ndi wapamwamba kuposa zitsanzo zambiri zamadzimadzi (mwachitsanzo 1.33 madzi)3,6,12,13.Kwa ma capillaries omwe amakutidwa ndi filimu yachitsulo mkati, katundu woyendetsa amaphunzira14,15,16,17,18, koma ndondomeko yophimba ndi yovuta, pamwamba pa filimu yachitsulo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima komanso otsekemera4,19.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma LWC amalonda (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries ndi AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) ali ndi zovuta zina, monga: zolakwa..Voliyumu yayikulu yakufa ya TIR3,10, (2) T-cholumikizira (kulumikiza ma capillaries, ulusi, ndi machubu olowera / kutulutsa) amatha kutsekereza thovu la mpweya10.
Nthawi yomweyo, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda a shuga, cirrhosis yachiwindi ndi matenda amisala20.ndi njira zambiri zozindikirira monga photometry (kuphatikiza spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ndi colorimetry papepala 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, optical plasmon37, Fabry-Perot cavity 38, electrochemistry 39 ndi capillary electrophoresis 40,41 ndi zina zotero.Komabe, zambiri mwa njirazi zimafunikira zida zodula, ndipo kuzindikira kwa shuga m'magulu angapo a nanomolar kumakhalabe kovuta (mwachitsanzo, mumiyeso ya photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, kuchuluka kotsika kwambiri kwa shuga).malire anali 30 nM okha pamene Prussian blue nanoparticles amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati peroxidase mimics).Kuwunika kwa glucose wa nanomolar nthawi zambiri kumafunikira pamaphunziro amtundu wa ma cell monga kuletsa kukula kwa khansa ya prostate42 ndi CO2 fixation khalidwe la Prochlorococcus m'nyanja.
M'nkhaniyi, chojambula chojambula, chotsika mtengo chozikidwa pa capillary waveguide capillary (MWC), SUS316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chamkati chokhala ndi electropolished yamkati, chinapangidwa kuti chizindikire mayamwidwe a ultrasensitive.Popeza kuwala kumatha kutsekeredwa mkati mwa ma capillaries achitsulo mosasamala kanthu za zochitika, njira ya kuwala imatha kukulitsidwa kwambiri ndi kuwala kobalalika pamiyala ndi zitsulo zosalala, ndipo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa thupi la MWC.Kuphatikiza apo, cholumikizira cha T chosavuta chidapangidwa kuti chilumikizane ndi cholumikizira ndi madzimadzi / polowera kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwakufa ndikupewa kutsekeka kwa buluu.Pa photometer ya 7 cm MWC, malire ozindikira amawongoleredwa nthawi pafupifupi 3000 poyerekeza ndi spectrophotometer yamalonda yokhala ndi cuvette ya 1 cm chifukwa cha kuwongolera kwatsopano kwa njira yopanda mzere komanso kusinthana kwachitsanzo mwachangu, komanso kuwunika kwa glucose kungathenso kutheka.5.12 nM yokha pogwiritsa ntchito ma chromogenic reagents.
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1, chojambula chojambula pa MWC chimakhala ndi 7 cm yaitali MWC yokhala ndi EP grade electropolished internal surface, 505 nm LED yokhala ndi lens, photodetector yosinthika yosinthika, ndi ziwiri zogwirizanitsa ndi magetsi.Potulukira.Valavu yanjira zitatu yolumikizidwa ndi chubu cha Pike inlet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha zitsanzo zomwe zikubwera.Chubu cha Peek chimagwirizana bwino ndi mbale ya quartz ndi MWC, kotero kuti voliyumu yakufa mu T-cholumikizira imasungidwa kuti ikhale yocheperako, kuletsa bwino mpweya kuti usatseke.Kuphatikiza apo, mtengo wopindika ukhoza kulowetsedwa mosavuta mu MWC kudzera mu mbale ya T-piece quartz.
Mtengo ndi zitsanzo zamadzimadzi zimalowetsedwa mu MCC kudzera pa T-chidutswa, ndipo mtengo wodutsa mu MCC umalandiridwa ndi chojambula zithunzi.Mayankho omwe akubwera a zitsanzo zodetsedwa kapena zopanda kanthu adalowetsedwa mu ICC kudzera mu valve yanjira zitatu.Malinga ndi lamulo la Beer, kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa zitsanzo zamitundu kumatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku equation.1.10
kumene Vcolor ndi Vblank ndi zizindikiro zotuluka za photodetector pamene mtundu ndi zitsanzo zopanda kanthu zimalowetsedwa mu MCC, motero, ndipo Vdark ndi chizindikiro chakumbuyo cha photodetector pamene LED yazimitsidwa.Kusintha kwa chizindikiro chotulutsa ΔV = Vcolor–Vblank kungayesedwe mwa kusintha zitsanzo.Malinga ndi equation.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1, ngati ΔV ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa Vblank-Vdark, pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha kusintha kwachitsanzo, kusintha kwakung'ono kwa Vblank (mwachitsanzo drift) kungakhale ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mtengo wa AMWC.
Poyerekeza magwiridwe antchito a MWC-based photometer ndi cuvette-based spectrophotometer, inki yofiira idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitsanzo cha mtundu chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwamtundu komanso kukhazikika bwino kwa absorbance linearity, DI H2O ngati chitsanzo chopanda kanthu..Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1, njira zingapo za inki zofiira zidakonzedwa ndi njira ya serial dilution pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O monga zosungunulira.Kuchulukirachulukira kwa chitsanzo 1 (S1), utoto wofiyira woyambirira wosasinthidwa, kudatsimikiziridwa ngati 1.0.Pa mkuyu.Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa zithunzi zowoneka bwino za zitsanzo za inki zofiira za 11 (S4 ku S14) zokhala ndi zowerengeka (zolembedwa mu Table 1) kuyambira 8.0 × 10-3 (kumanzere) mpaka 8.2 × 10-10 (kumanja).
Zotsatira za kuyeza kwa chitsanzo 6 zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi.3 (a).Mfundo zosinthira pakati pa zitsanzo zodetsedwa ndi zopanda kanthu zimayikidwa pazithunzizo ndi mivi iwiri "↔".Zitha kuwoneka kuti voteji yotulutsa imakwera kwambiri mukasintha kuchokera ku zitsanzo zamitundu kupita ku zitsanzo zopanda kanthu komanso mosemphanitsa.Vcolor, Vblank ndi ΔV yofananira ingapezeke monga momwe tawonetsera pachithunzichi.
(a) Kuyeza zotsatira za chitsanzo 6, (b) chitsanzo 9, (c) chitsanzo 13, ndi (d) chitsanzo 14 pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC.
Zotsatira za muyeso wa zitsanzo 9, 13, ndi 14 zikuwonetsedwa mkuyu.3 (b)-(d), motero.Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Chithunzi 3 (d), kuyeza ΔV ndi 5 nV yokha, yomwe ili pafupifupi 3 nthawi ya phokoso (2 nV).ΔV yaying'ono ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ndi phokoso.Choncho, malire kudziwika anafika ndende wachibale wa 8.2 × 10-10 (chitsanzo 14).Mothandizidwa ndi ma equation.1. Kutsekemera kwa AMWC kungathe kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku Vcolor, Vblank ndi Vdark values.Kwa photodetector ndi phindu la 104 Vdark ndi -0,68 μV.Zotsatira za miyeso ya zitsanzo zonse ndizofupikitsidwa mu Table 1 ndipo zitha kupezeka muzowonjezera.Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Gulu 1, kuyamwa komwe kumapezeka pazambiri zodzaza, kotero kuyamwa pamwamba pa 3.7 sikungayesedwe ndi ma spectrometer a MWC.
Poyerekeza, chitsanzo cha inki yofiira chinayesedwanso ndi spectrophotometer ndipo kuyeza kwa Acuvette absorbance kukuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4. Makhalidwe a Acuvette pa 505 nm (monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1) adapezedwa potchula ma curve a zitsanzo 10, 11, kapena 12 (monga momwe tawonetsera mu chithunzichi).mpaka mkuyu 4) monga maziko.Monga momwe zasonyezedwera, malire ozindikira adafika pamtundu wa 2.56 x 10-6 (chitsanzo 9) chifukwa mayamwidwe a ma curve a zitsanzo 10, 11 ndi 12 anali osadziwika kwa wina ndi mzake.Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC, malire ozindikira adasinthidwa ndi 3125 poyerekeza ndi cuvette-based spectrophotometer.
Kudalira kuyamwa-kukhazikika kumaperekedwa mu Fig.5.Pamiyezo ya cuvette, kuyamwa kumayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa inki pamtunda wa 1 cm.Pomwe, pamiyezo yokhazikitsidwa ndi MWC, kuchulukitsidwa kosagwirizana ndi mzere kumawonedwa pamiyeso yotsika.Malingana ndi lamulo la Beer, kuyamwa kumayenderana ndi kutalika kwa njira ya kuwala, kotero kuti kuyamwa kumapindula AEF (kutanthauzidwa kuti AEF = AMWC / Acuvette pa inki yofanana) ndi chiŵerengero cha MWC kwa kutalika kwa njira ya cuvette.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 5, pazigawo zazikulu, AEF yosalekeza ili pafupi ndi 7.0, zomwe ziri zomveka popeza kutalika kwa MWC kuli ndendende nthawi 7 kutalika kwa 1 cm cuvette. Komabe, pazigawo zochepa (zokhudzana ndi <1.28 × 10-5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa ndende ndipo idzafika pamtengo wa 803 pamagulu okhudzana ndi 8.2 × 10-10 powonjezera mphutsi ya cuvette-based muyeso. Komabe, pazigawo zochepa (zokhudzana ndi <1.28 × 10-5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa ndende ndipo idzafika pamtengo wa 803 pamagulu okhudzana ndi 8.2 × 10-10 powonjezera mphutsi ya cuvette-based muyeso. Однако при низких концентрациях (относительная концентрация <1,28 × 10–5) относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 при экстраполяции кривой измерения на основе кюветы. Komabe, pazigawo zotsika (zowerengeka zachibale <1.28 × 10-5), AEF imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa ndende ndipo imatha kufika pamtengo wa 803 pamtundu wa 8.2 × 10-10 pamene imachokera ku cuvette-based measurement curve.低浓度（相关浓度<1.28 × 10-5测量曲线，在相关浓度為8.2 × 10-10 时将达到803 的值.然而 , 在 低 浓度 （相关 浓度 <1.28 × 10-5） , , AEF 随着 的 降低 而 ， 并万 并万 并万 多测量 曲线 , 在 浓度 為 8.2 × 10-10 时 达到 达到 达到 达到803 值. Однако при низких концентрациях (релевантные концентрации < 1,28 × 10-5) АЭП увеличивается с уменьшением концентрации ния на основе кюветы она достигает значения относительной концентрации 8,2 × 10–10 803 . Komabe, pazigawo zotsika (zovomerezeka zovomerezeka <1.28 × 10-5) AED imawonjezeka ndi kuchepa kwa ndende, ndipo ikatulutsidwa kuchokera ku curve-based measurement curve, imafika pamtengo wapatali wa 8.2 × 10-10 803.Izi zimabweretsa njira yofananira ya 803 cm (AEF × 1 cm), yomwe ndi yotalika kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa thupi la MWC, komanso yotalika kuposa LWC yayitali kwambiri yopezeka pamalonda (500 cm kuchokera ku World Precision Instruments, Inc.).Doko Engineering LLC ili ndi kutalika kwa 200 cm).Kuwonjezeka kopanda mzere kwa mayamwidwe mu LWC sikunanenedwe kale.
Pa mkuyu.6(a)-(c) kuwonetsa chithunzi chowonekera, chithunzi cha maikulosikopu, ndi chithunzi cha mawonekedwe amkati a gawo la MWC, motsatana.Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.6 (a), mkati mwake ndi yosalala komanso yonyezimira, imatha kuwonetsa kuwala kowoneka bwino, komanso kuwunikira kwambiri.Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.6 (b), chifukwa cha kupunduka ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo achitsulo, ma mesas ang'onoang'ono ndi zolakwika zimawonekera pamtunda wosalala. Poyang'ana malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 μm × 5 μm), kuuma kwa malo ambiri ndi osachepera 1.2 nm (mkuyu 6 (c)). Poyang'ana malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 μm × 5 μm), kuuma kwapamwamba kwambiri kumakhala kochepa kuposa 1.2 nm (mkuyu 6 (c)). Ввиду малой площади (<5 мкм×5 мкм) шероховатость большей части поверхности составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Chifukwa cha malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 µm×5 µm), roughness of most of the surface is less than 1.2 nm (mkuyu 6 (c)).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm(图6（c）).考虑到小面积（<5 μm×5 μm），大多数表面的粗糙度小于1.2 nm(图6（c）). Учитывая небольшую площадь (<5 мкм × 5 мкм), шероховатость большинства поверхностей составляет менее 1,2 нм (рис. 6(в)). Poganizira malo ang'onoang'ono (<5 µm × 5 µm), kuuma kwa malo ambiri ndi osachepera 1.2 nm (mkuyu 6 (c)).
(a) Chithunzi chowala, (b) chithunzi cha maikulosikopu, ndi (c) chithunzi chowonekera cha mkati mwa chodulidwa cha MWC.
Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.7 (a), njira ya kuwala LOP mu capillary imatsimikiziridwa ndi angle of incidence θ (LOP = LC/sinθ, kumene LC ndi kutalika kwa thupi la capillary).Kwa ma capillaries a Teflon AF odzazidwa ndi DI H2O, mawonekedwe a zochitika ayenera kukhala aakulu kuposa ngodya yovuta ya 77.8 °, kotero LOP ndi yochepa kuposa 1.02 × LC popanda kusintha kwina3.6.Pomwe, ndi MWC, kutsekeka kwa kuwala mkati mwa capillary sikudalira index ya refractive kapena angle of incidence, kotero kuti angle of incidence imachepa, njira yowala imatha kukhala yayitali kuposa kutalika kwa capillary (LOP »LC).Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.7 (b), zitsulo zokhala ndi malata zimatha kuyambitsa kubalalika kowala, komwe kumatha kukulitsa njira ya kuwala.
Choncho, pali njira ziwiri zowunikira za MWC: kuwala kwachindunji popanda kunyezimira (LOP = LC) ndi kuwala kwa sawtooth komwe kumawonetsera kangapo pakati pa makoma am'mbali (LOP »LC).Malinga ndi lamulo la Beer, kulimba kwa kuwala kwachindunji ndi zigzag kumatha kuwonetsedwa ngati PS × exp (-α × LC) ndi PZ× exp (-α × LOP) motsatana, pomwe α yokhazikika ndi coefficient yoyamwa, yomwe imadalira kwathunthu inki.
Kwa inki yowonjezereka (mwachitsanzo, ndende yokhudzana> 1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuwala kowongoka, chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwakukulu-kokwanira komanso njira yayitali kwambiri ya kuwala. Kwa inki yowonjezereka (mwachitsanzo, ndende yokhudzana> 1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo mphamvu yake imakhala yotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi kuwala kowongoka, chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwakukulu ndi njira yake yayitali kwambiri. Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, относительная концентрация >1,28 × 10-5) зигзагообразный свет сильььено затунская е, чем у прямого света, из-за большого коэффициента поглощения ndi гораздо более длинного оптического излучения. Kwa inki yokhazikika kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ndende yolumikizana> 1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kulimba kwake kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe komanso kutulutsa kwakutali kwambiri.njira.對于高浓度墨水（例如，相关浓度>1.28×10-5），Z字形光衰减很大，其强关浓度>1.28×10-5)数大，光学时间更长.浓度浓度> 1.28 × 10-5） , z 字形 衰减 很 大 ，是 吸收 系数 大 光学 时间 更。。 长 长 长 长 长 长 长 长Для чернил с высокой концентрацией (например, релевантные концентрации >1,28×10-5) зигзагообразный свет значителья концентрации ниже, чем у прямого света из-за большого коэффициента поглощения ndi более длительного оптического времени. Kwa ma inki okwera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kukhazikika koyenera> 1.28 × 10-5), kuwala kwa zigzag kumachepetsedwa kwambiri ndipo kulimba kwake kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kuwala kwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe ndi nthawi yayitali ya kuwala.msewu wawung'ono.Choncho, kuwala kwachindunji kunalamulira kutsimikiza kwa absorbance (LOP = LC) ndipo AEF inasungidwa nthawi zonse pa ~ 7.0. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mayamwidwe-coefficient achepa ndi kuchepa kwa inkino (mwachitsanzo, ndende yokhudzana ndi <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zigzag imakula mofulumira kuposa kuwala kowongoka ndiyeno kuwala kwa zigzag kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene mayamwidwe-coefficient achepa ndi kuchepa kwa inkino (mwachitsanzo, ndende yokhudzana ndi <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zigzag imakula mofulumira kuposa kuwala kowongoka ndiyeno kuwala kwa zigzag kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Напротив, когда коэффициент относительная концентрациент уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, относительная концентраз8-5×5), <br> загообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем у прямого света, ndi затем начинает играть зигзагообразный свет. M'malo mwake, pamene coefficient mayamwidwe amachepetsa ndi kuchepa ndende inki (mwachitsanzo, wachibale ndende <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya zigzag kuwala kumakula mofulumira kuposa kuwala kwachindunji, ndiyeno zigzag kuwala kumayamba kusewera.kwambiri udindo.相反，当吸收系数随着墨水浓度的降低而降低时（例如，相关浓度<1.28×10-5光着增加得更快，然后Z字形光开始发挥作用一个更重要的角色.相反 , 当 吸收 系数 随着 墨水 的 降低 而 降低 时 例如 例如 , 相关 浓度 1 × 1 × 5 ×字形光 的强度 比 增加 得更 , 然后 z 字形光 发挥 作用 一个 重要 重要 重要色. И наоборот, когда коэффициент оглощения уменьшается уменьшением концентрации чернил (например, соответствствующая концентрации концентрации чернил), соответствуствую концен1×1×1, 51× зигзагообразного света увеличивается быстрее, чем прямого, ndi тогда зигзагообразный свет начинает играть более важную роль. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, pamene coefficient yoyamwitsa imachepa ndi kuchepa kwa inki (mwachitsanzo, ndende yofananira <1.28 × 10-5), mphamvu ya kuwala kwa zigzag imakula mofulumira kuposa kuwala kwachindunji, ndiyeno kuwala kwa zigzag kumayamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.udindo.Choncho, chifukwa cha njira ya sawtooth optical (LOP »LC), AEF ikhoza kuwonjezeka kwambiri kuposa 7.0.Mawonekedwe odziwika bwino a MWC atha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito chiphunzitso cha waveguide mode.
Kuphatikiza pakuwongolera njira ya kuwala, kusintha kwachitsanzo mwachangu kumathandizanso kuti pakhale malire ozindikira kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa MCC (0.16 ml), nthawi yofunikira kusintha ndikusintha mayankho mu MCC ikhoza kukhala yochepera masekondi 20.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 5, mtengo wochepa wodziwika wa AMWC (2.5 × 10-4) ndi 4 nthawi zochepa kuposa Acuvette (1.0 × 10-3).Kuthamanga kwa njira yothamanga mu capillary kumachepetsa mphamvu ya phokoso la dongosolo (mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka) pa kulondola kwa kusiyana kwa kuyamwa poyerekeza ndi njira yosungira mu cuvette.Mwachitsanzo, monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.3 (b) - (d), ΔV ikhoza kusiyanitsa mosavuta ndi chizindikiro choyendetsa chifukwa cha kusintha kwachitsanzo mwamsanga mu capillary yaing'ono.
Monga tawonera mu Gulu 2, mitundu ingapo ya mayankho a shuga m'magulu osiyanasiyana adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O monga zosungunulira.Zitsanzo zothimbirira kapena zopanda kanthu zidakonzedwa posakaniza shuga wamadzimadzi kapena madzi a deionized ndi ma chromogenic solution a glucose oxidase (MULUNGU) ndi peroxidase (POD) 37 mu chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha 3: 1, motsatana.Pa mkuyu.8 ikuwonetsa zithunzi zowoneka bwino za zitsanzo zisanu ndi zinayi zothimbirira (S2-S10) zokhala ndi glycemia kuyambira 2.0 mM (kumanzere) mpaka 5.12 nM (kumanja).Kufiira kumachepa ndi kuchepa kwa glycemia.
Zotsatira zamiyezo ya zitsanzo 4, 9, ndi 10 zokhala ndi photometer yochokera ku MWC zikuwonetsedwa muzithunzi.9 (a)-(c), motero.Monga momwe tawonetsera mkuyu.9(c), kuyeza kwa ΔV kumakhala kosakhazikika ndipo kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono panthawi ya kuyeza pamene mtundu wa GOD-POD reagent palokha (ngakhale popanda kuwonjezera shuga) umasintha pang'onopang'ono mu kuwala.Choncho, miyeso yotsatizana ya ΔV sichingabwerezedwe kwa zitsanzo ndi chiwerengero cha shuga cha 5.12 nM (chitsanzo 10), chifukwa pamene ΔV ndi yaying'ono mokwanira, kusakhazikika kwa GOD-POD reagent sikungathenso kunyalanyazidwa.Chifukwa chake, malire ozindikira yankho la shuga ndi 5.12 nM, ngakhale mtengo wofananira wa ΔV (0.52 µV) ndiwokulirapo kuposa mtengo waphokoso (0.03 µV), zomwe zikuwonetsa kuti ΔV yaying'ono imatha kuzindikirika.Malire ozindikirawa amatha kupitilizidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito ma chromogenic reagents okhazikika.
(a) Zotsatira zoyezera za chitsanzo 4, (b) chitsanzo 9, ndi (c) chitsanzo cha 10 pogwiritsa ntchito photometer yochokera ku MWC.
Mphamvu ya AMWC imatha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyeso ya Vcolor, Vblank ndi Vdark.Kwa photodetector ndi phindu la 105 Vdark ndi -0.068 μV.Miyezo ya zitsanzo zonse ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa muzinthu zowonjezera.Poyerekeza, zitsanzo za shuga zidayezedwanso ndi spectrophotometer ndipo kuyamwa kwa Acuvette kunafika pamlingo wodziwika wa 0.64 µM (chitsanzo 7) monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 10.
Chiyanjano pakati pa kuyamwa ndi kukhazikika chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 11. Ndi photometer yochokera ku MWC, kusintha kwa 125-fold pa malire ozindikira kunapezedwa poyerekeza ndi cuvette-based spectrophotometer.Kuwongolera uku ndikotsika kuposa kuyesa kwa inki yofiyira chifukwa cha kusasunthika kosasunthika kwa reagent ya GOD-POD.Kuwonjezeka kopanda mzere wa kuyamwa pamagulu otsika kunawonedwanso.
Photometer yochokera ku MWC yapangidwa kuti iwonetsere zitsanzo zamadzimadzi.Njira yowunikira imatha kuchulukirachulukira, komanso yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, chifukwa kuwala komwe kumamwazikana ndi malata osalala am'mbali mwazitsulo kumatha kukhala mkati mwa capillary mosasamala kanthu za zochitika.Kuyikirako kochepera mpaka 5.12 nM kumatha kukwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma reagent a MULUNGU-POD chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kopanda mzere komanso kusintha kwachitsanzo komanso kuzindikira kwa glucose.Photometer iyi yaying'ono komanso yotsika mtengo idzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sayansi ya moyo komanso kuwunika kwachilengedwe pakuwunika.
Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1, photometer yochokera ku MWC imakhala ndi 7 cm yaitali MWC (m'mimba mwake 1.7 mm, m'mimba mwake 3.18 mm, EP class electropolished internal surface, SUS316L stainless steel capillary), 505 nm wavelength LED (Thorlabs M505M505Flabs (Thorlabs M505F6) ndi mafunde amtundu wa P505F6 DB450C) ndi zolumikizira ziwiri za T zolumikizirana ndi kuwala ndi madzi mkati / kunja.T-cholumikizira chimapangidwa pomanga mbale ya quartz yowonekera ku chubu cha PMMA momwe machubu a MWC ndi Peek (0.72 mm ID, 1.6 mm OD, Vici Valco Corp.) amalowetsedwamo mwamphamvu ndikumata.Valavu yanjira zitatu yolumikizidwa ndi chubu cha Pike inlet imagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha zitsanzo zomwe zikubwera.Photodetector ikhoza kutembenuza mphamvu yolandira kuwala P kukhala chizindikiro chamagetsi chamagetsi N × V (komwe V / P = 1.0 V / W pa 1550 nm, phindu la N likhoza kusinthidwa pamanja pa 103-107).Pakufupikitsa, V imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa N× V ngati chizindikiro chotulutsa.
Poyerekeza, spectrophotometer yamalonda (Agilent Technologies Cary 300 series ndi R928 High Efficiency Photomultiplier) yokhala ndi 1.0 cm cuvette cell inagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa kuyamwa kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi.
Mkati mwa kudula kwa MWC adawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owoneka bwino (ZYGO New View 5022) okhala ndi 0.1 nm ndi 0.11 µm motsatana.
Mankhwala onse (analytical grade, palibe kuyeretsedwa kwina) anagulidwa kuchokera ku Sichuan Chuangke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Zida zoyesera shuga zimaphatikizapo glucose oxidase (MULUNGU), peroxidase (POD), 4-aminoantipyrine ndi phenol, ndi zina zotero. Njira yothetsera chromogenic inakonzedwa ndi njira yachizolowezi ya GOD-POD 37.
Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Gulu 2, mitundu ingapo ya mayankho a shuga m'malo osiyanasiyana adakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O monga chosungunulira pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya serial dilution (onani Supplementary Materials kuti mumve zambiri).Konzani zitsanzo zothimbirira kapena zopanda kanthu posakaniza madzi a shuga kapena madzi osakanikirana ndi chromogenic solution mu chiŵerengero chokhazikika cha 3: 1, motsatana.Zitsanzo zonse zidasungidwa pa 37 ° C kutetezedwa ku kuwala kwa mphindi 10 musanayambe kuyeza.Mu njira ya MULUNGU-POD, zitsanzo zothimbirira zimasanduka zofiyira ndikumayamwa kopitilira 505 nm, ndipo kuyamwa kumakhala pafupifupi molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 1, njira zingapo za inki zofiira (Ostrich Ink Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China) zidakonzedwa ndi njira ya serial dilution pogwiritsa ntchito DI H2O monga zosungunulira.
Momwe mungatchulire nkhaniyi: Bai, M. et al.Photometer yaying'ono yotengera ma capillaries achitsulo: kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa nanomolar kwa glucose.sayansi.5, 10476. doi: 10.1038/srep10476 (2015).
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Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Kutsimikiza kosalekeza kwamtundu wa trace ammonium m'madzi a m'nyanja okhala ndi njira yayitali yamadzimadzi waveguide capillary cell. Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansell, DA Kutsimikiza kosalekeza kwamtundu wa trace ammonium m'madzi a m'nyanja okhala ndi njira yayitali yamadzimadzi ya capillary cell.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ ndi Hansel, DA Kutsimikiza kopitilira muyeso kwa ammonium m'madzi a m'nyanja pogwiritsa ntchito cell capillary yokhala ndi waveguide yamadzimadzi. Li, QP, Zhang, J. -Z., Millero, FJ & Hansel, DA 用长程液体波导毛细管连续比色测定海水中的痕量铵. Li, QP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ & Hansel, DA.Lee, KP, Zhang, J.-Z., Millero, FJ ndi Hansel, DA Kutsimikiza kopitilira muyeso kwa ammonium m'madzi a m'nyanja pogwiritsa ntchito ma capillaries aatali amadzimadzi.Chemistry mu Marichi.96, 73-85 (2005).
Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Unikaninso pakugwiritsa ntchito kwaposachedwa kwa ma cell waveguide capillary cell mu njira zowunikira zoyendera kuti mupititse patsogolo chidwi cha njira zodziwikiratu. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS Unikaninso pakugwiritsa ntchito kwaposachedwa kwa ma cell waveguide capillary cell mu njira zowunikira zoyendera kuti mupititse patsogolo chidwi cha njira zodziwikiratu.Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV ndi Rangel, AOSS Kuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma cell waveguide capillary cell mu njira zowunikira kuti apititse patsogolo chidwi cha njira zodziwikiratu. Páscoa, RNMJ, Tóth, IV & Rangel, AOSS 回顾液体波导毛细管单元的灵敏度. Páscoa, rnmj, tóth, IV & rangel, aoss 回顾 液体 毛细管 单元 在 基于 的 分析 技术 中 的 最术 中 的 最新 的 最新 。灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度灵敏度敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度 灵敏度Pascoa, RNMJ, Toth, IV ndi Rangel, AOSS Kuwunika kwaposachedwa kwa ma cell a capillary capillary amadzimadzi mu njira zowunikira zoyendera kuti apititse patsogolo chidwi cha njira zodziwikiratu.anus.Chim.Act 739, 1-13 (2012).
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