Icyerekezo cya Anish Kapoor ku gishushanyo cya Cloud Gate muri parike ya Millennium ya Chicago ni uko gisa na mercure y'amazi, kigaragaza neza umujyi ukikije.Kugera kuri ubu bwuzuye ni umurimo wurukundo.
“Icyo nashakaga gukora muri Parike ya Millennium kwari ugushiramo skyline ya Chicago… kugira ngo abantu babone ibicu bireremba muri yo kandi izi nyubako ndende cyane zigaragarira mu kazi.Noneho, kubera ko ari muburyo bwumuryango, abitabiriye amahugurwa, abareba, bazashobora kwinjira muri iki cyumba cyimbitse cyane, mu buryo bumwe bukora ku bitekerezo byacyo kimwe nuko isura yimirimo ikora ku kwerekana umujyi ukikije.”- Umuhanzi w'icyamamare mu Bwongereza Anish.Kapoor, umunyabugeni w'irembo ry'igicu
Urebye hejuru ituje yiki gishushanyo cyibikoresho bidafite ingese, biragoye kumenya umubare wicyuma nubutwari bihisha munsi yacyo.Irembo rya Cloud rihisha inkuru zabantu barenga 100 bahimba ibyuma, abakata, abasudira, trimmers, injeniyeri, abatekinisiye, imashini, imashini n'abayobozi - mu myaka 5 ishize.
Benshi bakoze amasaha menshi, bakora mu mahugurwa mu gicuku, bashinga amahema ahazubakwa kandi bakorana ubushyuhe bwa dogere 110 mu makositimu yuzuye ya Tyvek® hamwe na masike ya kimwe cya kabiri.Bamwe bakora kurwanya imbaraga, kumanika ibikoresho, gufata ibikoresho, no gukora ahantu hanyerera.Ibintu byose bigenda bike (kandi birenze kure) kugirango ibidashoboka bishoboka.
Gutezimbere igishushanyo mbonera cya Anish Kapoor cyerekeye ibicu bireremba hejuru ya toni 110, uburebure bwa metero 66, uburebure bwa metero 33 z'uburebure bw'icyuma cyari umurimo wa Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, na MTH.Parike ya Villa, Illinois.Ku isabukuru yimyaka 120, MTH numwe mubakera ba kera bakora ibyuma byubaka ibirahure mukarere ka Chicago.
Ibisabwa kugirango ishyirwa mubikorwa ryumushinga bizaterwa nibikorwa byubuhanzi, ubuhanga, ubuhanga bwubukanishi nubumenyi bwo gukora-buhanga bwibigo byombi.Nibisanzwe byakozwe ndetse byubatswe nibikoresho byumushinga.
Bimwe mubibazo byumushinga bituruka kumiterere yacyo igoramye - akadomo cyangwa umusego wo hejuru - na bimwe bivuye mubunini bwacyo.Ibishusho byubatswe namasosiyete abiri atandukanye ahantu hatandukanye ibilometero ibihumbi bitandukanye, bitera ibibazo bijyanye nubwikorezi nuburyo bwakazi.Inzira nyinshi zigomba gukorerwa mumurima ziragoye gukora kumaduka, kereka mumurima.Ingorane zikomeye zivuka gusa kuberako imiterere nkiyi itigeze iremwa mbere.Noneho, ntaho uhurira, nta gahunda, nta gishushanyo mbonera.
Ethan Silva wo muri PSI afite uburambe bunini mubwubatsi bwa hull, ubanza kumato nyuma no mubindi bikorwa byubuhanzi, kandi yujuje ibisabwa kugirango akore imirimo idasanzwe yo kubaka hull.Anish Kapoor yasabye abarangije ibya fiziki nubuhanzi gutanga icyitegererezo gito.
Ati: "Nakoze rero urugero rwa metero 2 x 3, igice cyoroshye cyane kigoramye, nuko arambwira ati:" Yoo, wabikoze, ni wowe wenyine wabikoze, "kuko amaze imyaka ibiri ashakisha.Shaka umuntu uzabikora. ”Silva.
Umugambi wambere wari uwo PSI guhimba no kubaka icyo gishushanyo uko cyakabaye hanyuma ikohereza igice cyose mumajyepfo ya pasifika, ikanyura kumuyoboro wa Panama, mumajyaruguru ikanyura kuri Atlantike no ku nyanja ya St. Lawrence kugera ku cyambu kiri ku kiyaga cya Michigan.Edward Ulir, umuyobozi mukuru wa Millennium Park Inc. Nkuko byatangajwe, sisitemu ya convoyeur yabugenewe idasanzwe izamujyana muri Millennium Park.Igihe ntarengwa nibikorwa bifatika byatumye gahunda zihinduka.Niyo mpamvu, imbaho ​​zigoramye zagombaga gushakirwa umutekano kugirango zitwarwe hanyuma zikajyanwa i Chicago, aho MTH yakusanyirizaga ibyubatswe hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo, hanyuma igahuza imbaho ​​n’imiterere.
Kurangiza no gusiga ibicu bya Cloud Gate kugirango ubahe isura ntakintu cyari kimwe mubintu bigoye byo kwishyiriraho no guterana kurubuga.Intambwe 12 yintambwe irangizwa no gukoresha ibara ryaka, risa na imitako.
Silva yagize ati: "Muri rusange, twakoze kuri uyu mushinga imyaka igera kuri itatu dukora ibi bice."“Uyu ni akazi katoroshye.Bifata igihe kinini kugirango umenye uko wabikora no gukora ibisobanuro birambuye;urabizi, gusa kugirango uzane gutungana.Uburyo dukoresha tekinoroji ya mudasobwa hamwe no gukora ibyuma byiza bishaje ni ihuriro ryo guhimba hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryindege.. ”
Ku bwe, biragoye gukora ikintu kinini kandi kiremereye kandi cyuzuye.Icyapa kinini cyagereranije metero 7 z'ubugari na metero 11 z'uburebure kandi gipima ibiro 1.500.
Silva agira ati: "Gukora imirimo yose ya CAD no gukora ibishushanyo nyabyo by'amaduka ku murimo ni umushinga munini ubwawo."Ati: "Dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa mu gupima amasahani no gusuzuma neza imiterere n'imiterere yabyo kugirango bihuze neza.
Silva ati: "Twakoze kwigana mudasobwa hanyuma tuyigabana."Ati: "Nakoresheje ubunararibonye bwanjye mu kubaka ibishishwa kandi nagize ibitekerezo bimwe byo gutandukanya imiterere kugirango imirongo ikore neza kugirango tubone ibisubizo byiza."
Amasahani amwe ni kare, amwe afite ishusho.Iyo begereye inzibacyuho ityaye, niko ziba zimeze nka pie kandi nini nini ya radiyo yinzibacyuho.Mugice cyo hejuru bararyoshye kandi binini.
Silva avuga ko plasma igabanya 1/4 kugeza kuri 3/8-cm z'uburebure bwa 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda, Silva avuga, ifite imbaraga zihagije wenyine.“Ikibazo nyacyo ni ugutanga ibisate binini cyane.Ibi bikorwa muburyo bwo gushushanya no guhimba ikadiri ya sisitemu y'urubavu kuri buri cyapa.Muri ubu buryo, dushobora kumenya neza imiterere ya buri cyapa. ”
Ikibaho kizengurutswe ku muzingo wa 3D PSI yateguye kandi ikora mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuzunguruka izo mbaho ​​(reba ishusho 1).Ati: "Birasa na mubyara w'abongereza bazunguruka.Turazunguruka dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rimwe n'amababa, ”Silva.Hindura buri kibaho ucyimura inyuma no hejuru kuri muzingo, uhindure igitutu kumuzingo kugeza panne iri muri 0.01 ″ yubunini bwifuzwa.Kuri we, ibisobanuro bihanitse bisabwa bituma bigora gukora impapuro neza.
Udusudira noneho asudira insinga zifite ibara ryimiterere ya sisitemu y'imbere.Silva abisobanura agira ati: "Njye mbona, insinga zifite amabara meza ari inzira nziza cyane yo gukora imashini zidafite ibyuma."Ati: "Ibi biguha gusudira mu rwego rwo hejuru hibandwa ku gukora no kugaragara neza."
Ubuso bwose bwibibaho byometseho intoki kandi bigasya kumashini kugirango ubigabanye kugeza ku gihumbi cya santimetero kugirango bihuze (reba ishusho 2).Kugenzura ibipimo hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima neza na laser.Hanyuma, isahani isukuwe kugeza indorerwamo irangiye kandi itwikiriwe na firime ikingira.
Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibibaho, hamwe nifatizo hamwe nimiterere yimbere, byakusanyirijwe mu nteko yikizamini mbere yuko ibyo bikoresho biva muri Auckland (reba ishusho ya 3 na 4).Yateguye uburyo bwo gutondekanya ikibaho hamwe no gusudira imbaho ​​ntoya kugirango zifatanye hamwe.Silva ati: "Ubwo rero iyo dushyize hamwe i Chicago, twari tuzi ko bizakwira."
Ubushyuhe, igihe hamwe no kunyeganyega kwa trolley birashobora gutuma urupapuro ruzunguruka.Urubavu rwa rubavu ntirugenewe gusa kongera ubukana bwikibaho, ahubwo rugamije no gukomeza imiterere yikibaho mugihe cyo gutwara.
Kubwibyo, iyo meshi ishimangira imbere, isahani ikoreshwa nubushyuhe kandi ikonje kugirango igabanye imihangayiko.Kugirango urusheho gukumira ibyangiritse muri transit, bikozwe muri buri funguro hanyuma bishyirwa mubikoresho, hafi bine icyarimwe.
Ibikoresho byari byapakiwe ibicuruzwa bitarangiye, bigera kuri bine icyarimwe, byoherezwa i Chicago hamwe nabakozi ba PSI kugirango bishyirwemo nabakozi ba MTH.Umwe muribo ni logistique uhuza ubwikorezi, undi ni umugenzuzi mubice bya tekiniki.Akorana buri munsi n'abakozi ba MTH kandi agafasha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya nkuko bikenewe.Silva yagize ati: "Nibyo koko, yagize uruhare rukomeye muri gahunda."
Lyle Hill, Perezida wa MTH, yavuze ko MTH Industries yabanje guhabwa inshingano yo guhambira igishushanyo cya ethereal hasi no gushyiraho superstructure, hanyuma ikayisudira amabati hanyuma igakora umusenyi wa nyuma no kuyisiga, tubikesha Ubuyobozi bwa Tekinike bwa PSI.ibishushanyo bisobanura uburinganire hagati yubuhanzi nibikorwa, inyigisho nukuri, igihe gikenewe nigihe giteganijwe.
Lou Czerny, umuyobozi wungirije wa MTH ushinzwe ubwubatsi n’umuyobozi w’umushinga, yavuze ko ashishikajwe n’umushinga udasanzwe.Czerny yagize ati: "Dukurikije ubumenyi dufite, hari ibintu bibera kuri uyu mushinga utarigeze bikorwa mbere cyangwa utigeze utekerezwa mbere".
Ariko gukora kumurimo wambere-wubwoko busaba ubuhanga bworoshye kurubuga kugirango ukemure ibibazo bitunguranye kandi usubize ibibazo bivuka munzira:
Nigute ushobora guhuza ibyuma 128 bingana nimodoka idafite ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bihoraho mugihe wambaye uturindantoki twabana?Nigute wagurisha ibishyimbo binini bya arc utabishingikirije?Nigute nshobora kwinjira muri weld ntabasha gusudira imbere?Nigute ushobora kugera ku ndorerwamo nziza yo kurangiza ibyuma bidafite ingese mu murima?Bigenda bite iyo inkuba ikubise?
Czerny yavuze ko ikimenyetso cya mbere cyerekana ko uyu uzaba ari umushinga utoroshye ari igihe kubaka no gushyiramo ibikoresho bya pound 30.000 byatangiraga.Imiterere yicyuma ishyigikira igishusho.
Mugihe ibyuma byubatswe cyane-zinc byatanzwe na PSI kugirango ikusanyirize hasi yubutaka byari byoroshye kuyikora, urubuga rwububiko rwari hejuru ya resitora naho igice hejuru ya parikingi, buri kimwe muburebure butandukanye.
Czerny yagize ati: "Rero shingiro ni ubwoko bwa cantilevered na wobbly."Ati: “Aho dushyize ibyuma byinshi, harimo no gutangira icyapa ubwacyo, mu byukuri twagombaga guhatira crane mu mwobo wa metero 5.”
Czerny yavuze ko bakoresheje sisitemu ihambaye cyane, harimo na sisitemu yo kubanziriza ubukana isa n'iyakoreshejwe mu gucukura amakara ndetse na ankeri zimwe na zimwe.Iyo shingiro ryimiterere yicyuma rimaze guhambirwa muri beto, hagomba kubakwa superstructure kugirango igishishwa kizahuzwa.
Czerny agira ati: "Twatangiye gushyiraho sisitemu ya truss dukoresheje ibyuma bibiri binini bihimbwe 304 bidafite ibyuma o-impeta - imwe ku mpera y’amajyaruguru naho iyindi mu majyepfo." (Reba Ishusho 3).Impeta zifatanijwe hamwe no guhuza igituba.Impeta yibanze ya subframe igabanijwe kandi ihindurwamo ahantu ukoresheje GMAW, gusudira inkoni hamwe no gusudira.
Ati: “Rero, hariho superstructure nini kuburyo ntamuntu numwe wigeze abona;ni gusa ku rwego rw'imiterere, ”Czerny.
Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu zogushushanya, injeniyeri, gukora no gushiraho ibice byose bisabwa kugirango umushinga wa Auckland, iki gishushanyo nticyigeze kibaho kandi inzira nshya zihora ziherekejwe na burrs hamwe no gushushanya.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, guhuza icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukora uruganda nundi ntabwo byoroshye nko gutsinda inkoni.Mubyongeyeho, intera igaragara hagati yurubuga yateje itinda ryo gutanga, bituma byumvikana kubyara kurubuga.
Silva yagize ati: "Mu gihe gahunda yo guteranya no gusudira yari iteganijwe muri Auckland mbere y'igihe, imiterere nyirizina yasabaga buri wese guhanga."Ati: “Kandi abakozi b'ubumwe ni beza rwose.”
Mu mezi ya mbere, byari gahunda ya buri munsi ya MTH kugirango tumenye icyo akazi k'umunsi gasaba nuburyo bwiza bwo guhimba bimwe mubice bigize inteko ya subframe, hamwe na stuts zimwe, "guhungabana", amaboko, pin, na sitidiyo.Kuri Ayr, inkoni za pogo zirakenewe kugirango habeho sisitemu yo gutembera by'agateganyo.
Ati: "Nibikorwa bikomeza kuguruka no kuguruka kugirango ibintu bikomeze kandi bigere kumurima byihuse.Tumara umwanya munini wo gutondekanya ibyo dufite, mubihe bimwe na bimwe gushushanya no gushushanya, hanyuma tugatanga ibice dukeneye.
Hill yagize ati: "Mubyukuri ku wa kabiri tuzaba dufite ibintu 10 tugomba kugeza aho hantu ku wa gatatu."Ati: "Dufite akazi kenshi k'amasaha y'ikirenga ndetse n'imirimo myinshi mu iduka ryakozwe mu gicuku."
Czerny yagize ati: "Hafi 75 ku ijana by'ibikoresho byo guhagarika ku ruhande byakozwe cyangwa byahinduwe mu murima."“Inshuro ebyiri twahimbye umunsi w'amasaha 24.Nari mu iduka kugeza saa mbiri, 3 za mugitondo njya murugo kwiyuhagira, mfata saa kumi nimwe nigice ndacyafite amazi.. ”
Sisitemu yo guhagarika by'agateganyo MTN yo guteranya hull igizwe n'amasoko, imirongo n'insinga.Ihuriro ryose riri hagati yisahani rifunzwe byigihe gito na bolts.Czerny yagize ati: "Imiterere yose rero ihujwe mu buryo bwa mashini, ihagarikwa imbere imbere kuri truss 304."
Batangirira kuri dome iri munsi yikigirwamana cya omgala - “umusego wigitereko”.Dome yahagaritswe muri trusse ikoresheje sisitemu yigihe gito yo guhagarika amasoko ya sisitemu yo gushyigikira isoko, igizwe nimanitse, insinga nisoko.Czerny yavuze ko isoko itanga "bounce" nkuko byongeweho imbaho ​​nyinshi.Amasoko noneho arahindurwa ashingiye kuburemere bwongewe kuri buri sahani kugirango aringanize igishusho cyose.
Buri kibaho 168 gifite sisitemu enye zingingo zifatika zo guhagarika isoko kuburyo gishyigikirwa kugiti cyacyo.Cerny yagize ati: "Igitekerezo ntabwo ari ugusuzuma birenze urugero ingingo zose kuko izo ngingo zishyizwe hamwe kugirango habeho icyuho cya 0/0".Ati: "Niba inama y'ubutegetsi ikubise ikibaho munsi yacyo bishobora gutera intambara n'ibindi bibazo."
Nubuhamya bwa PSI, inteko ni nziza cyane, hamwe no gukina gake.Czerny agira ati: "PSI yakoze akazi gakomeye ko gukora akanama."Ati: "Ndabaha inguzanyo kuko, amaherezo, arahuye rwose.Ibyiza nibyiza cyane kuburyo bihuye.Turimo tuvuga byukuri hafi ibihumbi bya santimetero.Isahani yateranijwe ifite impande zifunze. ”
Silva yagize ati: "Iyo barangije guterana, abantu benshi bibwira ko barangije." Ntabwo ari ukubera ko ingendo zifunze, ahubwo ni ukubera ko ibice byose byateranijwe neza, hamwe n'amasahani yabo yuzuye indorerwamo, byaje gukina, byerekana ibimukikije..Ariko ikibuno cyibiboneka kiragaragara, mercure yamazi ntigira ikidodo.Silva yavuze ko kandi, icyo gishushanyo cyagombaga gusudwa neza kugira ngo kibungabunge ubusugire bw’imiterere mu bihe bizaza.
Kurangiza Irembo rya Cloud byagombaga gutinda mugihe cyo gufungura parike kwinshi mu mpeshyi ya 2004, nuko omhalus ahinduka GTAW nzima, kandi ibyo byakomeje amezi menshi.
Czerny yagize ati: "Urashobora kubona ibibara bito byijimye bikikije imiterere, aribyo bihuza abagurisha TIG."“Twatangiye gusana amahema muri Mutarama.”
Silva yagize ati: "Ikibazo gikomeye cyakurikiyeho muri uyu mushinga kwari ugusudira icyarimwe udatakaje neza imiterere bitewe no kugabanuka."
Ku bwa Czerny, gusudira kwa plasma bitanga imbaraga zikenewe hamwe no gukomera hamwe n'ingaruka nkeya ku rupapuro.Uruvange rwa 98% argon na 2% helium ninziza mukugabanya umwanda no kunoza fusion.
Abasudira bakoresha tekinoroji ya plasma yo gusudira bakoresheje amashanyarazi ya Thermal Arc® hamwe na traktor idasanzwe hamwe ninteko zamashanyarazi zateguwe kandi zikoreshwa na PSI.