Icyerekezo cya Anish Kapoor ku gishushanyo cya Cloud Gate muri parike ya Millennium ya Chicago ni uko gisa na mercure y'amazi, kigaragaza neza umujyi ukikije.Kugera kuri ubu bwuzuye ni umurimo wurukundo.
“Icyo nashakaga gukora muri Parike ya Millennium kwari ugushiramo skyline ya Chicago… kugira ngo abantu babone ibicu bireremba kandi izi nyubako ndende cyane zigaragarira mu kazi.Hanyuma, kubera ko ari muburyo bwumuryango, abitabiriye amahugurwa, abareba, bazashobora kwinjira muri iki cyumba cyimbitse cyane, muburyo bumwe bukora ikintu kimwe no kwerekana umuntu, nkuko isura yumurimo ikora hamwe no kwerekana umujyi ukikije.- Umuhanzi uzwi cyane ku isi mu Bwongereza.Anish Kapoor, Umunyabugeni Irembo
Urebye hejuru ituje yiki gishushanyo cyibikoresho bidafite ingese, biragoye kumenya umubare wicyuma nubutwari bihisha munsi yacyo.Irembo rya Cloud rihisha inkuru zabakora ibyuma birenga 100, abakata, gusudira, gutema, injeniyeri, abatekinisiye, abakora ibyuma, abashiraho n'abayobozi - mumyaka itanu yose.
Benshi bakora amasaha menshi, bakora mumahugurwa mu gicuku, bakambika ahazubakwa kandi bagakora mubushyuhe bwa dogere 110 mumyenda yuzuye ya Tyvek® hamwe na masike.Bamwe bakora kurwanya imbaraga, kumanika ibikoresho, gufata ibikoresho, no gukora ahantu hanyerera.Ibintu byose bigenda bike (kandi birenze kure) kugirango ibidashoboka bishoboka.
Gutezimbere igishushanyo mbonera cya Anish Kapoor cyerekeye ibicu bireremba hejuru ya toni 110, uburebure bwa metero 66, uburebure bwa metero 33 z'uburebure bw'icyuma cyari umurimo wa Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, na MTH.Parike ya Villa, Illinois.Ku isabukuru yimyaka 120, MTH numwe mubakera ba kera bakora ibyuma byubaka ibirahure mukarere ka Chicago.
Ibisabwa kugirango ishyirwa mubikorwa ryumushinga bizaterwa nibikorwa byubuhanzi, ubuhanga, ubuhanga bwubukanishi nubumenyi bwo gukora-buhanga bwibigo byombi.Nibisanzwe byakozwe ndetse byubatswe nibikoresho byumushinga.
Bimwe mubibazo byumushinga bituruka kumiterere yacyo igoramye - akadomo cyangwa umusego wo hejuru - na bimwe bivuye mubunini bwacyo.Ibishusho byubatswe namasosiyete abiri atandukanye ahantu hatandukanye ibilometero ibihumbi bitandukanye, bitera ibibazo bijyanye nubwikorezi nuburyo bwakazi.Inzira nyinshi zigomba gukorerwa mumurima ziragoye gukora kumaduka, kereka mumurima.Ingorane zikomeye zivuka gusa kuberako imiterere nkiyi itigeze iremwa mbere.Noneho, ntaho uhurira, nta gahunda, nta gishushanyo mbonera.
Ethan Silva wo muri PSI afite uburambe bunini mubwubatsi bwa hull, ubanza kumato nyuma no mubindi bikorwa byubuhanzi, kandi yujuje ibisabwa kugirango akore imirimo idasanzwe yo kubaka hull.Anish Kapoor yasabye abahawe impamyabumenyi n’ubuhanzi gutanga icyitegererezo gito.
Ati: "Nakoze rero icyitegererezo cya 2m x 3m, igice cyoroshye cyane kigoramye, hanyuma arambwira ati 'yewe wabikoze, ni wowe wenyine wabikoze' kuko amaze imyaka ibiri ashakisha umuntu wabikora.”Silva ati.
Gahunda yambere yari iyo PSI guhimba no kubaka icyo gishushanyo cyose hanyuma ikohereza igice cyose mumajyepfo ya pasifika, ikanyura kumuyoboro wa Panama, mumajyaruguru ugana inyanja ya Atalantika no kumugezi wa St. Lawrence kugera ku cyambu kiri mukiyaga cya Michigan.nk'uko byatangajwe na Edward Ulir, umuyobozi mukuru wa Millennium Park Inc. Nk’uko byatangajwe, sisitemu yo gutwara abantu yabugenewe izayijyana muri parike ya Millennium.Igihe ntarengwa nibikorwa bifatika byatumye gahunda zihinduka.Niyo mpamvu, imbaho ​​zigoramye zagombaga gushakirwa umutekano kugirango zitwarwe hanyuma zikajyanwa i Chicago, aho MTH yakusanyirizaga ibyubatswe hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo, hanyuma igahuza imbaho ​​n’imiterere.
Kurangiza no gusiga ibicu bya Cloud Gate kugirango ubahe isura ntakintu cyari kimwe mubintu bigoye byo kwishyiriraho no guterana kurubuga.Intambwe 12 yintambwe irangizwa no gukoresha ibara ryaka, risa na imitako.
Silva yagize ati: "Muri rusange, twakoze kuri uyu mushinga imyaka igera kuri itatu dukora ibi bice."“Uyu ni akazi katoroshye.Bifata igihe kinini kugirango umenye uko wabikora no gukora ibisobanuro birambuye;urabizi, gusa kugirango uzane gutungana.Uburyo dukoresha tekinoroji ya mudasobwa hamwe no gukora ibyuma byiza bishaje ni ihuriro ryo guhimba hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryindege.. ”
Ku bwe, biragoye gukora ikintu kinini kandi kiremereye kandi cyuzuye.Icyapa kinini cyagereranije metero 7 z'ubugari na metero 11 z'uburebure kandi gipima ibiro 1.500.
Silva agira ati: "Gukora imirimo yose ya CAD no gukora ibishushanyo nyabyo by'amaduka ku murimo ni umushinga munini ubwawo."Ati: "Dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa mu gupima amasahani no gusuzuma neza imiterere n'imiterere yabyo kugirango bihuze neza.
Silva ati: "Twakoze kwigana mudasobwa hanyuma tuyigabana."Ati: "Nakoresheje ubunararibonye bwanjye mu kubaka ibishishwa kandi nagize ibitekerezo bimwe byo gutandukanya imiterere kugirango imirongo ikore neza kugirango tubone ibisubizo byiza."
Amasahani amwe ni kare, amwe afite ishusho.Iyo begereye inzibacyuho ityaye, niko ziba zimeze nka pie kandi nini nini ya radiyo yinzibacyuho.Mugice cyo hejuru bararyoshye kandi binini.
Silva avuga ko plasma igabanya 1/4 kugeza kuri 3/8-cm z'uburebure bwa 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda, Silva avuga, ifite imbaraga zihagije wenyine.“Ikibazo nyacyo ni ugutanga ibisate binini cyane.Ibi bikorwa muburyo bwo gushushanya no guhimba ikadiri ya sisitemu y'urubavu kuri buri cyapa.Muri ubu buryo, dushobora kumenya neza imiterere ya buri cyapa. ”
Ikibaho kizengurutswe ku muzingo wa 3D PSI yateguye kandi ikora mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuzunguruka izo mbaho ​​(reba ishusho 1).Ati: "Birasa na mubyara w'abongereza bazunguruka.Turazunguruka dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rimwe n'amababa, ”Silva.Hindura buri kibaho ucyimura inyuma no hejuru kuri muzingo, uhindure igitutu kumuzingo kugeza panne iri muri 0.01 ″ yubunini bwifuzwa.Kuri we, ibisobanuro bihanitse bisabwa bituma bigora gukora impapuro neza.
Udusudira noneho asudira insinga zifite ibara ryimiterere ya sisitemu y'imbere.Silva abisobanura agira ati: "Njye mbona, insinga zifite amabara meza ari inzira nziza cyane yo gukora imashini zidafite ibyuma."Ati: "Ibi biguha gusudira mu rwego rwo hejuru hibandwa ku gukora no kugaragara neza."
Ubuso bwose bwibibaho byometseho intoki kandi bigasya kumashini kugirango ubigabanye kugeza ku gihumbi cya santimetero kugirango bihuze (reba ishusho 2).Kugenzura ibipimo hamwe n'ibikoresho byo gupima neza na laser.Hanyuma, isahani isukuwe kugeza indorerwamo irangiye kandi itwikiriwe na firime ikingira.
Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyibibaho, hamwe nifatizo hamwe nimiterere yimbere, byakusanyirijwe mu nteko yikizamini mbere yuko ibyo bikoresho biva muri Auckland (reba ishusho ya 3 na 4).Yateguye uburyo bwo gutondekanya ikibaho hamwe no gusudira imbaho ​​ntoya kugirango zifatanye hamwe.Silva ati: "Ubwo rero iyo dushyize hamwe i Chicago, twari tuzi ko bizakwira."
Ubushyuhe, igihe hamwe no kunyeganyega kwa trolley birashobora gutuma urupapuro ruzunguruka.Urubavu rwa rubavu ntirugenewe gusa kongera ubukana bwikibaho, ahubwo rugamije no gukomeza imiterere yikibaho mugihe cyo gutwara.
Kubwibyo, iyo meshi ishimangira imbere, isahani ikoreshwa nubushyuhe kandi ikonje kugirango igabanye imihangayiko.Kugirango urusheho gukumira ibyangiritse muri transit, bikozwe muri buri funguro hanyuma bishyirwa mubikoresho, hafi bine icyarimwe.
Ibikoresho byari byapakiwe ibicuruzwa bitarangiye, bigera kuri bine icyarimwe, byoherezwa i Chicago hamwe nabakozi ba PSI kugirango bishyirwemo nabakozi ba MTH.Umwe muribo ni logistique uhuza ubwikorezi, undi ni umugenzuzi mubice bya tekiniki.Akorana buri munsi n'abakozi ba MTH kandi agafasha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya nkuko bikenewe.Silva yagize ati: "Nibyo koko, yagize uruhare rukomeye muri gahunda."
Nk’uko byatangajwe na Perezida wa MTH, Lyle Hill, MTH Industries yabanje gushingwa guhambira igishusho cya ethereal hasi no gushyiraho superstructure, hanyuma kuyisudira amabati hamwe n'umusenyi wa nyuma no kuyisiga.uburinganire hagati yubuhanzi nibikorwa, inyigisho nukuri, igihe gisabwa nigihe cyagenwe.
Lou Czerny, umuyobozi wungirije wa MTH ushinzwe ubwubatsi n’umuyobozi w’umushinga, yavuze ko ashishikajwe n’umushinga udasanzwe.Cerny yagize ati: "Dukurikije ubumenyi dufite, ibintu biraba kuri uyu mushinga utarigeze ukorwa mbere cyangwa utigeze utekereza mbere".
Ariko gukora kumurimo wambere-wubwoko busaba ubuhanga bworoshye kurubuga kugirango ukemure ibibazo bitunguranye kandi usubize ibibazo bivuka munzira:
Nigute ushobora guhuza ibyuma 128 bingana nimodoka idafite ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bihoraho mugihe wambaye uturindantoki twabana?Nigute ushobora gusudira ibishyimbo binini bimeze nk'umuheto utabishingikirije?Nigute nshobora kwinjira muri weld ntabasha gusudira imbere?Nigute ushobora kugera ku ndorerwamo nziza yo kurangiza ibyuma bidafite ingese mu murima?Bigenda bite iyo inkuba ikubise?
Czerny yavuze ko ikimenyetso cya mbere cyerekana ko uyu uzaba ari umushinga utoroshye ari igihe kubaka no gushyira ibikoresho bya pound 30.000 byatangiraga.Imiterere yicyuma ishyigikira igishusho.
Nubwo ibyuma byubaka-zinc byubatswe bitangwa na PSI kugirango bateranye umusingi wububiko byari byoroshye guhimba, urubuga rwubatswe rwari hejuru ya resitora naho igice kiri hejuru ya parikingi, buri kimwe muburebure butandukanye.
Czerny yagize ati: "Rero shingiro ni ubwoko bwa cantilevered na wobbly."Ati: “Aho dushyize ibyuma byinshi, harimo no gutangira icyapa ubwacyo, mu byukuri twagombaga guhatira crane mu mwobo wa metero 5.”
Czerny yavuze ko bakoresheje sisitemu ihambaye cyane, harimo na sisitemu yo kubanziriza ubukana isa n'iyakoreshejwe mu gucukura amakara ndetse na ankeri zimwe na zimwe.Iyo shingiro ryimiterere yicyuma rimaze guhambirwa muri beto, hagomba kubakwa superstructure kugirango igishishwa kizahuzwa.
Czerny agira ati: "Twatangiye kwishyiriraho sisitemu ya truss dukoresheje ibyuma bibiri binini 304 bidafite ibyuma O-impeta - imwe ku mpera y’amajyaruguru naho iy'amajyepfo." (Reba Ishusho 3).Impeta zifatanijwe hamwe no guhuza igituba.Impeta yibanze ya subframe igabanijwe kandi ihindurwamo ahantu ukoresheje GMAW, gusudira akabari hamwe no gusudira.
Ati: "Hariho rero superstructure nini ntanumwe wigeze abona;ni gusa ku rwego rw'imiterere, ”Czerny.
Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu nyinshi mugushushanya, gukora, gukora, guhimba no gushiraho ibikoresho byose bikenewe mumushinga wa Auckland, iki gishushanyo nticyigeze kibaho kandi inzira nshya zihora ziherekejwe na burr no gushushanya.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, guhuza icyerekezo kimwe cyo gukora uruganda nundi ntabwo byoroshye nko gutsinda inkoni.Byongeye kandi, intera igaragara hagati yimbuga yatumye itinda ryatangwa, bigatuma byumvikana kubyara umusaruro waho.
Silva yagize ati: "Mu gihe gahunda yo guteranya no gusudira yari iteganijwe muri Auckland mbere y'igihe, imiterere nyirizina yasabaga buri wese guhanga."Ati: “Kandi abakozi b'ubumwe ni beza rwose.”
Mu mezi ya mbere, gahunda ya MTH ya buri munsi kwari ukumenya icyo akazi k'umunsi gikubiyemo nuburyo bwiza bwo guhimba bimwe mubice bigize inteko ya subframe, hamwe nudusimba tumwe na tumwe, “guhungabana”, amaboko, pin, na pin.Er yavuze ko inkoni za pogo zari zikenewe kugirango habeho sisitemu yo gutembera by'agateganyo.
Ati: "Nibikorwa bikomeza kuguruka no kuguruka kugirango ibintu bikomeze kandi bigere kumurima byihuse.Tumara umwanya munini wo gutondekanya ibyo dufite, mubihe bimwe na bimwe gushushanya no gushushanya, hanyuma tugakora ibice dukeneye.
Hill yagize ati: "Mubyukuri ku wa kabiri tuzaba dufite ibintu 10 tugomba kugeza aho hantu ku wa gatatu."Ati: "Dufite akazi kenshi k'amasaha y'ikirenga ndetse n'imirimo myinshi mu iduka ryakozwe mu gicuku."
Czerny yagize ati: "Hafi 75 ku ijana by'ibikoresho byo guhagarika ku ruhande byakozwe cyangwa byahinduwe mu murima."“Inshuro ebyiri twahimbye umunsi w'amasaha 24.Nari ku iduka kugeza saa mbiri, saa tatu za mugitondo, maze saa kumi nimwe nigice nasubiye murugo kwiyuhagira njya kubiyigize, ndacyatose.. ”
Sisitemu yo guhagarika by'agateganyo MTN yo guteranya hull igizwe n'amasoko, imirongo n'insinga.Ihuriro ryose riri hagati yisahani rifunzwe byigihe gito na bolts.Czerny yagize ati: "Imiterere yose rero ihujwe mu buryo bwa mashini, ihagarikwa imbere imbere kuri truss 304."
Batangirira kuri dome iri munsi yikigirwamana cya omgala - “umusego wigitereko”.Dome yahagaritswe muri trusse ikoresheje sisitemu yigihe gito yo guhagarika amasoko ya sisitemu yo gushyigikira isoko, igizwe nimanitse, insinga nisoko.Czerny yavuze ko isoko itanga "bounce" nkuko byongeweho imbaho ​​nyinshi.Amasoko noneho arahindurwa ashingiye kuburemere bwongewe kuri buri sahani kugirango aringanize igishusho cyose.
Buri kibaho 168 gifite sisitemu enye zingingo zifatika zo guhagarika isoko kuburyo gishyigikirwa kugiti cyacyo.Cerny yagize ati: "Igitekerezo ntabwo ari ugusuzuma birenze urugero ingingo zose kuko izo ngingo zishyizwe hamwe kugirango tugere ku kiruhuko 0/0".Ati: "Niba inama y'ubutegetsi ikubise ikibaho munsi yacyo bishobora gutera intambara n'ibindi bibazo."
Nubuhamya bwukuri bwa PSI, kubaka nibyiza cyane hamwe no gukina gake.Czerny agira ati: "PSI yakoze akazi gakomeye hamwe n'inama."Ati: "Ndabaha inguzanyo kuko, amaherezo, arahuye rwose.Ibyiza nibyiza rwose kandi nibyiza kuri njye.Turimo tuvuga byukuri hafi ibihumbi bya santimetero.. ”
Silva yagize ati: "Iyo barangije guterana, abantu benshi bibwira ko barangije." Ntabwo ari ukubera ko ingendo zifunze, ahubwo ni ukubera ko ibice byose byateranijwe neza, hamwe n'amasahani yabo yuzuye indorerwamo, byaje gukina, byerekana ibimukikije..Ariko ikibuno cyibiboneka kiragaragara, mercure yamazi ntigira ikidodo.Silva yavuze ko kandi, icyo gishushanyo cyagombaga gusudwa neza kugira ngo kibungabunge ubusugire bw’imiterere mu bihe bizaza.
Kurangiza Irembo rya Cloud byagombaga gutinda mugihe cyo gufungura parike kwinshi mu mpeshyi ya 2004, nuko omhalus ahinduka GTAW nzima, kandi ibyo byakomeje amezi menshi.
Czerny yagize ati: "Urashobora kubona ibibara bito byijimye bikikije imiterere, aribyo bihuza abagurisha TIG."“Twatangiye gusana amahema muri Mutarama.”
Silva yagize ati: "Ikibazo gikomeye cyakurikiyeho muri uyu mushinga kwari ugusudira icyarimwe udatakaje neza imiterere bitewe no kugabanuka."
Ku bwa Czerny, gusudira kwa plasma bitanga imbaraga zikenewe hamwe no gukomera hamwe n'ingaruka nkeya ku rupapuro.Uruvange rwa 98% argon na 2% helium ninziza mukugabanya umwanda no kunoza fusion.
Abasudira bakoresha tekinoroji ya plasma yo gusudira bakoresheje amashanyarazi ya Thermal Arc® hamwe na traktor idasanzwe hamwe ninteko zamashanyarazi zateguwe kandi zikoreshwa na PSI.