Icyerekezo cya Anish Kapoor ku gishushanyo cya Cloud Gate muri Parike ya Millenium ya Chicago ni uko gisa na mercure y'amazi, ikagaragaza nta nkomyi umujyi ukikije.Kugera kuri ubu busembwa ni umurimo w'urukundo.
“Icyo nashakaga gukora muri Parike ya Millennium kwari ugukora ikintu gihuye na skyline ya Chicago… kugira ngo abantu babone ibicu bireremba muri zo kandi izo nyubako ndende cyane zigaragarira mu kazi.Noneho, Kubera imiterere yabyo mumuryango, abitabiriye amahugurwa, abateranye, bazashobora kwinjira muri iki cyumba cyimbitse cyane, muburyo bukora ikintu kimwe kugirango umuntu agaragaze nkuko hanze yumurimo akora kugirango yerekane ibintu byumujyi bikikije. ”- Umuhanzi w'icyamamare mu Bwongereza Anish Kapoor, umunyabugeni wa Cloud Gate
Urebye hejuru ituje yiki gishushanyo cyibikoresho bidafite ingese, biragoye kumenya umubare wibyuma nubutwari biri munsi yubuso bwacyo.Irembo ryigicu rihisha inkuru zabantu barenga 100 bahimba ibyuma, abakata, abasudira, trimmers, injeniyeri, abatekinisiye, abakora ibyuma, abashiraho, nabayobozi - mumyaka itanu yose.
Benshi bakoraga amasaha y'ikirenga, bakora imirimo y'amahugurwa mu gicuku, bakambika ku rubuga, kandi bakora cyane mu bushyuhe bwa dogere 110 mu ikositimu yuzuye ya Tyvek® hamwe n'ubuhumekero bwa mask.
Gushimangira igitekerezo cy’ibishushanyo Anish Kapoor cyerekeranye nigicu kireremba hejuru ya toni 110, uburebure bwa metero 66, uburebure bwa metero 33 z'uburebure bwicyuma cyari umurimo wuruganda rukora Performance Structures Inc.
Ibisabwa kugirango umushinga ushobore gukoreshwa mubikorwa byubuhanzi, ubuhanga, ubuhanga bwubukanishi nubukorikori bwo kumenya-ibigo byombi.Bakunze ndetse bakanubaka ibikoresho byumushinga.
Bimwe mubibazo byumushinga bituruka kumiterere yabyo idasanzwe - akadomo cyangwa buto yinda yinda - kandi bimwe biva mubunini bwayo.Ibishusho byubatswe namasosiyete abiri atandukanye ahantu hatandukanye ibilometero ibihumbi bitandukanye, bitera ibibazo bijyanye nubwikorezi nuburyo bwakazi. Inzira nyinshi zigomba gukorerwa mumurima ziragoye gukora mubidukikije byubucuruzi, tutibagiwe no kuboneka mumihanda.
Ethan Silva wo muri PSI afite uburambe bunini mu kubaka ibishishwa, mu ntangiriro ku mato nyuma no mu yindi mishinga y’ubuhanzi, yujuje ibisabwa mu mirimo idasanzwe yo kubaka ibishishwa.Anish Kapoor yasabye abahanga mu bya fiziki n’ubuhanzi gutanga icyitegererezo gito.
Silva yagize ati: "Nakoze rero icyitegererezo cya metero 2 x 3, igice cyoroshye cyane kigoramye, maze arambwira ati:" Yoo, wabikoze, ni wowe wenyine wabikoze, "kuko yari amaze imyaka ibiri ashakisha Shakisha umuntu wabikora."
Gahunda yambere yari iyo PSI guhimba no kubaka iki gishushanyo, hanyuma ikohereza igice cyose mu majyepfo yinyanja ya pasifika, ikanyura ku muyoboro wa Panama, mu majyaruguru ikanyura ku nyanja ya Atalantika, ndetse no ku kiyaga cya St. Lawrence ku cyambu kiri ku kiyaga cya Michigan, nk'uko byatangajwe na Edward Uhlir, umuyobozi mukuru wa Millennium Park Inc. Nkuko byatangajwe, gahunda z’ubwikorezi zashyizweho kugira ngo zihindurwe kuri parike ya Millenium. ikamyo i Chicago, aho MTH yakusanyirizaga ibyubatswe hamwe nuburyo buhebuje, igahuza panne na superstructure.
Kurangiza no gutonesha gusudira kw'Irembo rya Cloud kugirango ugaragare nta nkomyi byari bimwe mubintu bigoye byo gushyiramo umurima no guterana.Intambwe 12 yintambwe irangirana na rouge yaka cyane isa na poli ya zahabu.
Silva ati: "Muri rusange rero twakoze kuri uwo mushinga imyaka igera kuri itatu, dukora ibi bice." Ni akazi katoroshye.Igihe kinini cyigihe cyakoreshejwe mugushakisha uko wabikora no gukora ibisobanuro birambuye;urabizi, gusa kubitunganya.Uburyo dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa hamwe no gukora ibyuma bishaje bishaje ni uguhimba no guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu kirere. ”
Ati: "Biragoye gukora ikintu kinini kandi kiremereye gifite ubusobanuro bwuzuye. Amasahani manini yagereranije metero 7 z'ubugari na metero 11 z'uburebure kandi ipima ibiro 1.500.
Silva agira ati: "Gukora imirimo yose ya CAD no gukora ibishushanyo nyabyo by'amaduka ku murimo ni umushinga munini ubwawo." Dukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa mu gupima amasahani no gusuzuma neza imiterere n'imiterere yabyo kugira ngo bihuze neza.
Silva yagize ati: "Twakoze imashini ya mudasobwa hanyuma tuyigabanyamo kabiri." Nakoresheje ubunararibonye bwanjye mu iyubakwa ry'ibikonoshwa, kandi nari mfite ibitekerezo bimwe byo gutandukanya imiterere kugira ngo ubwato bukore kugira ngo tubone ibisubizo byiza. "
Amasahani amwe aringaniye, amwe afite piese. Iyo yegereye inzibacyuho ihanamye, niko imeze nka pie, kandi nini nini ya radiyo.Kuri hejuru, biraryoshye kandi binini.
Plasma igabanya 1/4- kugeza kuri 3/8-z'ubugari bwa 316L ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bifite imbaraga zihagije ku giti cyabyo, Silva. "Ibi bikorwa mugukora no guhimba urubavu rwa sisitemu ya buri rubavu neza.Ubu buryo dushobora gusobanura neza imiterere ya buri cyapa. ”
Ikibaho kizungurutswe ku muzingo wa 3D PSI yateguye kandi ikora mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuzunguruka izo mbaho ​​(reba Ishusho 1). ”Ni ubwoko bwa mubyara ku bazingo b'Abongereza.Turazunguruka dukoresheje tekinike isa nuburyo fender ikorwa. "
Silwa asobanura noneho flux yometse kumiterere yimbere yimibiri yimbere.
Ubuso bwose bwibibaho ni intoki hamwe nudusya twa mashini kugirango tuyitondere kugeza ku gihumbi cyifuzwa cyukuri cya santimetero kugirango byose bihuze (reba Ishusho ya 2) .Reba ibipimo bifite ibipimo bifatika bipima neza hamwe nibikoresho byo gusikana lazeri. Amaherezo, isahani isukuye kugeza ku ndorerwamo kandi igapfundikirwa na firime ikingira.
Silva yagize ati:
Ubushyuhe, igihe hamwe no kunyeganyega kwamakamyo birashobora gutuma urupapuro ruzunguruka rurekura.Gufata urubavu ntabwo bigenewe gusa kongera ubukana bwikibaho, ahubwo binagumana imiterere yubuyobozi mugihe cyo gutwara.
Kubwibyo, hamwe na meshi ishimangira imbere, isahani irakorwa kandi igakonjeshwa kugirango igabanye imihangayiko.Kugirango irinde kwangirika kwambuka, hakozwe udusimba kuri buri sahani, hanyuma igashyirwa kuri kontineri, hafi enye icyarimwe.
Ibikoresho byari byapakiwe mu bicuruzwa bitarangiye, bigera kuri bine icyarimwe, byoherezwa i Chicago hamwe n'abakozi ba PSI kugira ngo bishyire hamwe n'abakozi ba MTH.Umwe ni umuntu ushinzwe ibikoresho uhuza ubwikorezi, undi ni umugenzuzi mu karere ka tekiniki. Akorana n'abakozi ba MTH buri munsi kandi agafasha guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga rishya nk'uko bikenewe. ”Silva.
Lyle Hill, perezida wa MTH, yavuze ko MTH Industries yabanje gushingwa gushakisha igishushanyo cya ethereal hasi no gushyiraho superstructure, hanyuma kuyisudira amabati no gutanga umusenyi wa nyuma no gusiga, tubikesha ubuyobozi bwa tekinike bwa PSI.Kurangiza igishusho bisobanura uburinganire hagati yubuhanzi nibikorwa bifatika;inyigisho n'ukuri;igihe gikenewe nigihe cyagenwe.
Lou Cerny, visi perezida wa MTH ushinzwe ubwubatsi n’umuyobozi w’umushinga, yavuze ko icyamushishikaje kuri uyu mushinga ari umwihariko wacyo. ”Nkuko tubizi, hari ibintu bigenda bikorwa kuri uyu mushinga wihariye utarigeze ukorwa mbere, cyangwa utarigeze utekerezwa mbere.” Cerny.
Ariko gukora kumurimo wambere-wubwoko busaba ubuhanga bworoshye kurubuga kugirango uhangane nibibazo bitunguranye kandi usubize ibibazo bivuka uko akazi kagenda:
Nigute ushobora guhuza ibyuma bingana n’imodoka 128 bidafite ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bihoraho mugihe ubikora ukoresheje uturindantoki tw’abana? Nigute ushobora gusudira ibishyimbo binini bimeze nka arc utabishingikirije? Nigute ushobora kwinjira mu isuderi utabasha gusudira imbere? Nigute ushobora kugera ku ndorerwamo nziza kugirango urangize ibyuma bitagira umuyonga mu murima? Bizagenda bite iyo inkuba ikubise?
Ikimenyetso cya mbere cyerekana ko uyu uzaba ari umushinga utoroshye, Cerny yavuze, ni igihe kubaka no kuyitangira byatangiraga ku bikoresho 30.000 by'ama pound. Imiterere y'ibyuma ishyigikira icyo gishushanyo.
Mugihe ibyuma bikungahaye kuri zinc bitangwa na PSI kugirango ikusanyirize hamwe ibyubatswe byari byoroshye gukora, ikibanza cyubatswe cyari giherereye hejuru ya resitora naho igice hejuru ya parikingi, buri kimwe muburebure butandukanye.
Cerny yagize ati: "Noneho rero ibyubatswe ni ubwoko bwa cantilevered and ricky", ati: "Aho dushyira ibyuma byinshi, harimo no gutangira imirimo yisahani ubwayo, mu byukuri twagombaga kubona crane kugirango tujye mu mwobo wa metero 5."
C.
Cerny (reba Ishusho ya 3) agira ati: "Twatangiye gushyiraho sisitemu ya truss dukoresheje ibyuma bibiri binini 304 bidafite ibyuma O-impeta - imwe ku mpera y’amajyaruguru n’indi yo mu majyepfo."
Ati: "Hariho rero superstructure nini ntanumwe wigeze abona;ni ugushiraho imiterere ”, Cerny.
Nubwo hashyizweho ingufu nyinshi mugushushanya, guhimba, guhimba no gushiraho ibice byose bisabwa mumushinga wa Auckland, iki gishushanyo nticyigeze kibaho kandi kinyura munzira nshya gihora kizana burrs hamwe nigishushanyo.Nkuko, guhuza igitekerezo cyogukora uruganda rumwe nundi ntabwo byoroshye nko kunyura inkoni.Ikindi kandi, intera yumubiri hagati yimbuga yatumaga ibicuruzwa bitinda kurubuga.
Silva yagize ati: "Mu gihe gahunda yo guteranya no gusudira yari yateguwe hakiri kare muri Oakland, aho hantu nyaburanga hasabwa ubuhanga bwo guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere na buri wese." Kandi abakozi b'ubumwe ni beza rwose. "
Mu mezi ya mbere, gahunda ya MTH ya buri munsi kwari ukumenya icyo akazi k'umunsi gikubiyemo nuburyo bwiza bwo gukora bimwe mubigize ibikoresho byo gushiraho subframe, hamwe nuduce tumwe na tumwe, “imashini ikurura,” amaboko, udukoni, na pin.Er yavuze ko inkoni za pogo zikenewe kugirango habeho sisitemu yo gutembera by'agateganyo.
Ati: "Ni inzira ikomeje yo gushushanya no gukora ku isazi kugirango ibintu bikomeze kandi bigere ku rubuga vuba.Tumara umwanya munini dushakisha mubyo dufite, gushushanya no gushushanya mubihe bimwe, hanyuma tugakora ibice bisabwa.
Hill yagize ati: "Mu byukuri, ku wa kabiri tuzagira ibintu 10 tugomba gutanga ku rubuga ku wa gatatu." Hariho amasaha menshi y'ikirenga ndetse n'imirimo myinshi yo mu iduka ikorwa mu gicuku. "
Cerny yagize ati: "Hafi ya 75 ku ijana by'ibikoresho byo guhagarika inama byahimbwe cyangwa byahinduwe mu murima." Cerny yagize ati:Nari mu iduka kugeza saa mbiri, saa tatu za mu gitondo, kandi nagiye mu rugo kwiyuhagira, gufata saa kumi n'imwe n'igice za mu gitondo, kandi nkomeza gutose. ”
Sisitemu yo guhagarika by'agateganyo MTH yo guteranya amazu igizwe n'amasoko, imirya n'insinga. Ihuriro ryose riri hagati yisahani rihuzwa hamwe by'agateganyo. "Imiterere yose rero ihujwe mu buryo bwa mashini, ihagarikwa imbere, hamwe na truss 304", Cerny.
Batangirana numubumbe uri munsi yikigirwamana cya omhalus - “umusego wa buto yinda yinda” .Uruzitiro rwahagaritswe muri trusse hakoreshejwe uburyo bwigihe gito bwo guhagarika amasoko yingingo zigizwe nimanikwa, insinga nisoko.
Buri kibaho kuri 168 gifite uburyo bwacyo bwo guhagarika ingingo enye zo guhagarika amasoko bityo gishyigikirwa kugiti cyacyo mugihe gihari. "Igitekerezo ntabwo ari ugushimangira cyane ingingo iyo ari yo yose kuko izo ngingo zishyizwe hamwe kugirango habeho icyuho cya 0/0," Cerny. "Niba inama y'ubutegetsi ikubise ikibaho munsi yacyo, birashobora gutera amakimbirane nibindi bibazo."
Mu rwego rwo kwerekana ko imirimo ya PSI ari ukuri, inteko ni nziza cyane kandi ifite icyuho gito. "Cerny agira ati:" PSI yakoze akazi gakomeye ko gukora akanama. "Ndabaha inguzanyo zose kuko amaherezo, birakwiriye rwose.Fitout nibyiza rwose, nibyiza kuri njye.Turimo tuvuga, mubyukuri ibihumbi bya santimetero.Isahani ishyizwe Hano hari impande zifunze hamwe. ”
Silva yagize ati: "Iyo barangije iteraniro, abantu benshi batekereza ko byakozwe." Ntabwo ari ukubera ko ingero zifunze, ariko kubera ko ibice byose byateranijwe neza, hamwe n'amasahani yuzuye indorerwamo zuzuye cyane, byaje gukinishwa kugira ngo bigaragaze ibidukikije.
Iyuzuzwa rya Irembo rya Cloud ryagombaga guhagarikwa mugihe cyo gufungura parike mu mpeshyi ya 2004, bityo omhalus yari GTAW nzima, kandi byakomeje amezi make.
Cerny yagize ati: "Urashobora kubona ibibara bito byijimye, aribyo bigurishwa bya TIG bikikije inyubako zose." Twatangiye kubaka amahema muri Mutarama. "
Silva yagize ati: "Ikibazo gikomeye cyakurikiyeho mu gukora uyu mushinga kwari ugusudira icyarimwe nta gutakaza imiterere nyayo bitewe no gusudira kugabanuka."
Gusudira kwa plasma bitanga imbaraga zisabwa hamwe no gukomera hamwe n’impanuka nkeya ku rupapuro, Cerny yavuze. 98% ya argon / 2% ivangwa na helium ikora neza mukugabanya ububi no kongera fusion.
Abasudira bakoresha tekinoroji ya plasma yo gusudira bakoresheje amashanyarazi ya Thermal Arc® hamwe na traktori idasanzwe hamwe ninteko zamashanyarazi zakozwe kandi zikoreshwa na PSI.