Ibi bisa nkibyiza cyane kuba impamo, none ikibazo nikihe?Ubusanzwe gusudira birasabwa gukora hafi ikintu cyose kiva mubwoko burenga 150 bwibyuma.Gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese ni umurimo utoroshye.Bimwe muribi bibazo birimo kuba hari chromium oxyde, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwinjira, uburyo bwo gusudira bwo gukoresha, uburyo bwo gufata chromium ya hexavalent nuburyo bwo kubikora neza.
Nubwo ingorane zo gusudira no kurangiza ibi bikoresho, ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikomeza gukundwa kandi rimwe na rimwe inzira yonyine ku nganda nyinshi.Kumenya kubikoresha neza nigihe cyo gukoresha buri gikorwa cyo gusudira ningirakamaro kugirango gusudira neza.Ibi birashobora kuba urufunguzo rwumwuga watsinze.
None ni ukubera iki gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese ari umurimo utoroshye?Igisubizo gitangirana nuburyo cyaremewe.Ibyuma byoroheje, bizwi kandi nk'ibyuma byoroheje, bivangwa na chromium byibuze 10.5% kugirango bitange ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Chromium yongeweho ikora urwego rwa chromium oxyde hejuru yicyuma, irinda ubwoko bwinshi bwa ruswa.Ababikora bongeramo ibintu bitandukanye bya chromium nibindi bikoresho mubyuma kugirango bahindure ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byanyuma, hanyuma bakoreshe sisitemu yimibare itatu kugirango batandukanye amanota.
Ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane bidafite ibyuma birimo 304 na 316. Ihendutse muribi ni 304, irimo chromium 18 ku ijana na nikel 8 ku ijana kandi ikoreshwa mubintu byose kuva kumodoka yimodoka kugeza mubikoresho byigikoni.316 ibyuma bidafite ingese birimo chromium nkeya (16%) na nikel nyinshi (10%), ariko kandi irimo molybdenum 2%.Uru ruganda rutanga ibyuma 316 bidafite umwanda birwanya chloride hamwe nigisubizo cya chlorine, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubidukikije byo mu nyanja n’inganda zikora imiti n’imiti.
Igice cya chromium oxyde irashobora kwemeza ubwiza bwibyuma, ariko ibi nibyo bituma abasudira bababara cyane.Iyi barrière yingirakamaro yongerera ubuso bwicyuma, bigabanya umuvuduko wa pisine isukuye.Ikosa risanzwe ni ukongera ubushyuhe bwinjiza, kuko ubushyuhe bwinshi bwongera amazi ya pisine.Ariko, ibi birashobora kugira ingaruka mbi mubyuma bidafite ingese.Ubushyuhe bwinshi burashobora gutera okiside hamwe na warp cyangwa gutwika binyuze mubyuma fatizo.Ufatanije nicyuma gikoreshwa mu nganda nini nka moteri yimodoka, ibi biba umwanya wambere.
Ubushyuhe busenya kwangirika kwangirika kwicyuma neza.Ubushyuhe bwinshi burakoreshwa mugihe weld cyangwa akarere kegeranye nubushyuhe (HAZ) bihindutse iridescent.Oxidized ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bitanga amabara atangaje kuva kuri zahabu yijimye kugeza ubururu bwijimye nubururu.Aya mabara akora igishushanyo cyiza, ariko arashobora kwerekana gusudira bidashobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa byo gusudira.Ibisobanuro bikomeye cyane ntabwo bikunda gusudira amabara.
Muri rusange biremewe ko gaze ikingira tungsten arc gusudira (GTAW) ikwiranye nicyuma kitagira umwanda.Amateka, ibi byabaye ukuri muburyo rusange.Ibi biracyari ukuri mugihe tugerageje kuzana ayo mabara atinyutse mububoshyi bwubuhanzi kugirango twuzuze ubuziranenge buhanitse mubikorwa nkinganda za kirimbuzi nindege.Nyamara, tekinoroji igezweho yo gusudira yahinduye ibyuma bya gaz arc welding (GMAW) igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ntabwo ari sisitemu zikoresha gusa cyangwa za robo.
Kubera ko GMAW ari uburyo bwo kugaburira insinga zikora, zitanga igipimo kinini cyo kubika, gifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinjira.Ibyiza bimwe bivuga ko byoroshye gukoresha kuruta GTAW kuko yishingikiriza cyane kubuhanga bwo gusudira nibindi byinshi kubuhanga bw'isoko ryo gusudira.Aka ni akajagari, ariko ibikoresho byinshi bigezweho bya GMAW bifashisha imirongo yabanjirije gahunda.Izi porogaramu zagenewe gushyiraho ibipimo nkibiriho na voltage, bitewe nicyuma cyuzuza cyinjijwe numukoresha, uburebure bwibintu, ubwoko bwa gaze na diameter.
Inverters zimwe zishobora guhindura arc mugihe cyo gusudira kugirango zihore zitanga arc nyayo, ikemura icyuho kiri hagati yibice, kandi ikomeze umuvuduko mwinshi wurugendo kugirango ihuze umusaruro nubuziranenge.Ibi ni ukuri cyane cyane kubudodo bwikora cyangwa bwimashini, ariko biranakoreshwa muburyo bwo gusudira.Amashanyarazi amwe mumasoko atanga ecran ya ecran ya ecran hamwe nigenzura ryumuriro kugirango byoroshye gushiraho.
Gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese ni umurimo utoroshye.Bimwe muribi bibazo birimo kuba hari chromium oxyde, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwinjira, uburyo bwo gusudira bwo gukoresha, uburyo bwo gufata chromium ya hexavalent nuburyo bwo kubikora neza.
Guhitamo gaze ikwiye kuri GTAW mubisanzwe biterwa nuburambe cyangwa ikoreshwa ryikizamini cyo gusudira.GTAW, izwi kandi nka gaze ya tungsten inert (TIG), akenshi ikoresha gaze ya inert gusa, ubusanzwe argon, helium, cyangwa imvange yombi.Gutera nabi gazi cyangwa ubushyuhe bikingira birashobora gutuma isuderi iyo ari yo yose ihinduka cyane cyangwa imeze nkumugozi, kandi ibi bizayirinda kuvanga nicyuma gikikije, bikavamo gusudira kutagaragara cyangwa bidakwiriye.Kumenya imvange nibyiza kuri buri weld birashobora gusobanura ibigeragezo byinshi namakosa.Imirongo isangiwe ya GMAW ifasha kugabanya igihe cyatakaye mubisabwa bishya, ariko mugihe ubuziranenge bukomeye busabwa, uburyo bwo gusudira GTAW bukomeza kuba uburyo bwatoranijwe.
Gusudira ibyuma bidafite ingese byangiza ubuzima kubafite itara.Akaga gakomeye katerwa numwotsi urekurwa mugihe cyo gusudira.Chromium ishyushye itanga uruvange rwitwa chromium hexavalent, ruzwiho kwangiza sisitemu y'ubuhumekero, impyiko, umwijima, uruhu n'amaso kandi bigatera kanseri.Abasudira bagomba guhora bambara ibikoresho birinda, harimo nubuhumekero, kandi bakemeza ko icyumba gihumeka neza mbere yo gutangira gusudira.
Ibibazo byuma bidafite ingese ntibirangira nyuma yo gusudira birangiye.Ibyuma bidafite ingese nabyo bisaba kwitabwaho bidasanzwe murwego rwo kurangiza.Gukoresha icyuma cyogosha cyangwa icyuma cyandujwe nicyuma cya karubone gishobora kwangiza chromium oxyde irinda.Nubwo ibyangiritse bitagaragara, ibyo bihumanya birashobora gutuma ibicuruzwa byarangiye byoroha ingese cyangwa izindi ruswa.
Terence Norris numu injeniyeri mukuru ushinzwe porogaramu muri Fronius USA LLC, 6797 Drive ya Fronius, Portage, MU 46368, 219-734-5500, www.fronius.us.
Rhonda Zatezalo numwanditsi wigenga wa Crearies Marketing Design LLC, 248-783-6085, www.crearies.com.
Ubuhanga bugezweho bwo gusudira bwahinduye gazi GMAW igipimo cyo gukora ibyuma bitagira umwanda, ntabwo ari sisitemu yikora cyangwa robot gusa.
WELDER, yahoze yitwa Practical Welding Uyu munsi, ihagarariye abantu nyabo bakora ibicuruzwa dukoresha kandi dukorana burimunsi.Iki kinyamakuru kimaze imyaka isaga 20 gikorera umuryango wo gusudira muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Noneho hamwe nubushobozi bwuzuye kuri FABRICATOR integuro ya digitale, byoroshye kubona umutungo winganda zingirakamaro.
Igitabo cya Digitale y'Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe ubu kiragerwaho rwose, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'inganda bifite agaciro.
Shakisha uburyo bwuzuye bwa digitale kubinyamakuru STAMPING, byerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imikorere myiza namakuru yinganda kumasoko ya kashe.
Noneho hamwe na digitale yuzuye kuri Fabricator en Español, ufite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho byinganda bifite agaciro.