Ikibazo: Duherutse gutangira gukora imirimo imwe n'imwe isaba ibice bimwe na bimwe gukorwa cyane cyane kuva 304 ibyuma bitagira umwanda, bisudira ubwabyo ndetse nicyuma cyoroheje.Twabonye ibibazo bimwe na bimwe byo gusudira hagati yicyuma kitagira ingese nicyuma kigera kuri 1.25 ″.Byaravuzwe ko dufite ferrite nkeya.Urashobora gusobanura icyo aricyo nuburyo bwo kugikemura?
Igisubizo: Icyo nikibazo cyiza.Nibyo, turashobora kugufasha kumva icyo ferrite yo hasi isobanura nuburyo bwo kuyirinda.
Ubwa mbere, reka turebe ibisobanuro byibyuma bidafite ingese (SS) nuburyo ferrite ifitanye isano hamwe.Ibyuma byirabura hamwe nudusimba turimo ibyuma birenga 50%.Ibi birimo karubone zose hamwe nicyuma, kimwe nandi matsinda amwe.Aluminium, umuringa, na titanium ntabwo birimo ibyuma, bityo rero ni urugero rwiza rwimisemburo idafite ferrous.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bigize iyi mavuta ni ibyuma bya karubone bifite ibyuma byibura 90% nicyuma kitagira ingese hamwe nicyuma kirimo 70 kugeza 80%.Kugirango ushyirwe muri SS, igomba kuba ifite byibuze 11.5% chromium yongeyeho.Urwego rwa Chromium ruri hejuru yurwego ntarengwa ruteza imbere gukora firime ya chromium oxyde hejuru yicyuma kandi ikarinda gukora okiside nka rust (oxyde de fer) cyangwa imiti yibasirwa.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bigabanijwemo amatsinda atatu: austenitis, ferritic na martensitike.Izina ryabo riva muburyo bwa kristu mubushyuhe bwicyumba bagizwemo.Irindi tsinda risanzwe ni duplex idafite ibyuma, nuburinganire hagati ya ferrite na austenite muburyo bwa kristu.
Ibyiciro bya Austenitike, urukurikirane 300, birimo chromium 16% kugeza 30% na nikel 8% kugeza 40%, bigizwe ahanini na kristu ya austenitike.Stabilisateur nka nikel, karubone, manganese, na azote byongewemo mugihe cyo gukora ibyuma kugirango bifashe gukora igipimo cya austenite-ferrite.Amanota amwe amwe ni 304, 316 na 347. Itanga uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa;cyane ikoreshwa mubiribwa, imiti, imiti ninganda za kirogenike.Kugenzura imiterere ya ferrite itanga ubukana buhebuje.
Ferritic SS nicyiciro 400 cyurukurikirane rwuzuye rukuruzi, rurimo chromium 11.5% kugeza 30%, kandi rufite imiterere ya kirisiti ya ferritike.Guteza imbere ishingwa rya ferrite, stabilisateur zirimo chromium, silicon, molybdenum na niobium mugihe cyo gukora ibyuma.Ubu bwoko bwa SS bukunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gusohora ibinyabiziga na powertrain kandi bifite ubushyuhe buke bwo gukoresha.Ubwoko butandukanye bukunze gukoreshwa: 405, 409, 430 na 446.
Indangamanota ya Martensitike, nanone yitwa serie 400, nka 403, 410, na 440, ni magnetique, irimo chromium 11.5% kugeza 18%, kandi ifite imiterere ya kirisiti ya martensitike.Uku guhuza bifite zahabu nkeya, bigatuma bihenze kubyara umusaruro.Zitanga imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, imbaraga zisumba izindi, kandi zikunze gukoreshwa mubikoresho byo kumeza, ibikoresho by amenyo nububaga, ibikoresho byo guteka, hamwe nubwoko bwibikoresho.
Iyo usudira ibyuma bidafite ingese, ubwoko bwa substrate hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa muri serivisi bizagena icyuma cyuzuza gikwiye gukoreshwa.Niba ukoresha uburyo bwo gukingira gaze, urashobora gukenera kwitondera byumwihariko kurinda gazi ivanze kugirango wirinde ibibazo bimwe na bimwe bijyanye no gusudira.
Kugurisha 304 ubwayo, uzakenera electrode ya E308 / 308L.“L” bisobanura karubone nkeya, ifasha kwirinda kwangirika kw’imiterere.Ibirimo bya karubone biri muri electrode biri munsi ya 0,03%, niba agaciro karenze, ibyago byo guterwa karubone kumupaka wingano no guhuza chromium kugirango bibe karbide ya chromium byiyongera, ibyo bikagabanya neza kwangirika kwicyuma.Ibi bigaragarira niba ruswa iboneka muri zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe (HAZ) yo gusudira ibyuma.Ikindi gitekerezwaho ku cyiciro cya L kitagira umuyonga ni uko bafite imbaraga zingana zingana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukora kuruta amanota meza.
Kubera ko 304 ari ubwoko bwa austenitis bwibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma bisudira bihuye bizaba birimo austenite.Nyamara, electrode ubwayo izaba irimo stabilisateur ya ferrite, nka molybdenum, kugirango iteze imbere ferrite mu cyuma gisudira.Ababikora mubisanzwe berekana urutonde rusanzwe rwinshi rwa ferrite yicyuma gisudira.Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, karubone ni stabilisateur ikomeye ya austenitis kandi kubwizo mpamvu ni ngombwa kwirinda ko yiyongera ku cyuma gisudira.
Imibare ya Ferrite ikomoka ku mbonerahamwe ya Scheffler hamwe n'imbonerahamwe ya WRC-1992, ikoresha nikel na chromium ihwanye no kubara agaciro iyo giteganijwe ku mbonerahamwe itanga umubare usanzwe.Umubare wa ferrite uri hagati ya 0 na 7 uhuye nijanisha ryijanisha ryimiterere ya ferritic kristal igaragara mubyuma byasudutse, nyamara, ku ijanisha ryinshi, umubare wa ferrite wiyongera vuba.Wibuke ko ferrite muri SS itameze nka ferrite ya karubone, ahubwo icyiciro cyitwa delta ferrite.Icyuma cya Austenitike ntigishobora guhinduka mugice kijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nko kuvura ubushyuhe.
Imiterere ya ferrite irifuzwa kuko ihindagurika kuruta austenite, ariko igomba kugenzurwa.Ibirimo ferrite nkeya birashobora gutanga gusudira hamwe nibishobora kwangirika kwangirika mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, ariko birashobora gukonja cyane mugihe cyo gusudira.Kubikoresha muri rusange, umubare wa ferrite ugomba kuba hagati ya 5 na 10, ariko porogaramu zimwe zishobora gusaba agaciro kari hasi cyangwa hejuru.Ferrite irashobora kugenzurwa byoroshye kumurimo hamwe nicyerekezo cya ferrite.
Kubera ko wavuze ko ufite ibibazo byo guturika na ferrite nkeya, ugomba kureba neza ibyuma byuzuza hanyuma ukareba ko bitanga ferrite ihagije - hafi 8 igomba gukora amayeri.Na none, niba ukoresha flux-cored arc welding (FCAW), ibyo byuma byuzuza mubisanzwe bikoresha gaze yingabo ya 100% ya dioxyde de carbone cyangwa imvange ya 75% argon na 25% CO2, bishobora gutera icyuma gisudira gufata karubone.Urashobora guhindukirira ibyuma arc gusudira (GMAW) hanyuma ugakoresha 98% ya argon / 2% ivanze na ogisijeni kugirango ugabanye amahirwe yo kubitsa karubone.
Iyo gusudira ibyuma bitagira umwanda kugeza ibyuma bya karubone, ibikoresho byuzuza E309L bigomba gukoreshwa.Iki cyuma cyuzuza gikoreshwa muburyo budasanzwe bwo gusudira ibyuma, bigakora urugero runaka rwa ferrite nyuma yicyuma cya karubone kimaze gushonga muri weld.Kuberako ibyuma bya karubone bikurura karubone, stabilisateur ferrite yongewe mubyuma byuzuza kugirango irwanye imyuka ya karubone ikora austenite.Ibi bizafasha kwirinda gucana ubushyuhe mugihe cyo gusudira.
Mugusoza, niba ushaka gusana ibice bishyushye mumashanyarazi ya austenitike idafite ibyuma, reba ibyuma bihagije byuzuza ferrite hanyuma ukurikize uburyo bwiza bwo gusudira.Komeza kwinjiza ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 50 kJ / muri, gumana ubushyuhe buringaniye kandi buke hagati yintera, kandi urebe ko abagurisha bafite isuku mbere yo kugurisha.Koresha igipimo gikwiye kugirango urebe umubare wa ferrite kuri weld, ugamije 5-10.
WELDER, yahoze yitwa Practical Welding Uyu munsi, ihagarariye abantu nyabo bakora ibicuruzwa dukoresha kandi dukorana burimunsi.Iki kinyamakuru kimaze imyaka isaga 20 gikorera umuryango wo gusudira muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Noneho hamwe nubushobozi bwuzuye kuri FABRICATOR integuro ya digitale, byoroshye kubona umutungo winganda zingirakamaro.
Igitabo cya Digitale y'Ikinyamakuru Tube & Pipe ubu kiragerwaho rwose, gitanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho by'inganda bifite agaciro.
Shakisha uburyo bwuzuye bwa digitale kubinyamakuru STAMPING, byerekana ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, imikorere myiza namakuru yinganda kumasoko ya kashe.
Noneho hamwe na digitale yuzuye kuri Fabricator en Español, ufite uburyo bworoshye bwo kubona ibikoresho byinganda bifite agaciro.