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Gufata inzira ya gari ya moshi ya Sui-Chongqing nkikintu cyubushakashatsi, kurwanya ubutaka, amashanyarazi yubutaka (ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, ubushobozi bwa redox, ubushobozi bwa gradient na pH), anion yubutaka (imyunyu ngugu yuzuye, Cl-, SO42- na) hamwe nimirire yubutaka. ators n'ibipimo byuzuye byubutaka bwubukorikori. Ugereranije nibindi bintu, amazi agira uruhare runini mukwangirika kwururundiro rwo kurinda imisozi, hagakurikiraho ibirimo anion.Umunyu ushonga wose ugira ingaruka ziciriritse kubora urushundura rwo kurinda ahantu hahanamye, kandi umuyaga wayobye ugira ingaruka zoroheje kubora kwangirika kwururondogoro no kurwego rwo hejuru rushobora kwangirika kurwego rwo hejuru. komera. Ibintu kama mubutaka byari bifitanye isano cyane na gradient ishobora kuba. Azote iboneka, potasiyumu iboneka hamwe na fosifore iboneka byari bifitanye isano cyane na anion.Gukwirakwiza intungamubiri zubutaka bifitanye isano itaziguye nubwoko bwimisozi.
Iyo wubatse gari ya moshi, umuhanda munini hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amazi, gufungura imisozi akenshi ntibishobora kwirindwa.Kubera imisozi yo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba, kubaka gari ya moshi mu Bushinwa bisaba gucukura cyane umusozi.Birasenya ubutaka n’ibimera byumwimerere, bigatera ahantu hahanamye cyane.Iyi miterere itera inkangu z’imisozi, cyane cyane umuhanda wa gari ya moshi. ides zabaye ikwirakwizwa ryinshi kandi rikomeye ryibiza umutingito1.Mu isuzuma ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 2008 ryakozwe na kilometero 4.243 z’imihanda minini y’imihanda mu Ntara ya Sichuan, habaye impanuka z’umutingito 1.736 mu buriri bw’imihanda no ku misozi igumana inkuta, ibyo bikaba bingana na 39.76% by’uburebure bw’isuzumabumenyi. umutingito mu Buyapani) 45. ku bintu nk'imisozi minini n'isuri y'imvura, ubutaka bwahanamye buratakara byoroshye.Ibidukikije birahanamye birakaze, ntibifite ibyangombwa nkenerwa kugirango imikurire ikure, kandi ubutaka bwumusozi ntibubura gushigikirwa. ement, kole organique na asifalt emulsifier) ​​muburyo runaka.Uburyo bwa tekiniki ni: banza ushyire insinga zometse ku rutare, hanyuma ushyireho umugozi wogosha ukoresheje imirongo hamwe nudukingo twa ankor, hanyuma amaherezo utere ubutaka bwubukorikori burimo imbuto kumurongo hamwe na sprayer idasanzwe. icyapa cya ithic hejuru yurutare. Urushundura rwicyuma ruzangirika mubutaka, kubera ko ubutaka ubwabwo ari electrolyte, kandi urugero rwa ruswa rushingiye kubiranga ubutaka.Gusuzuma ibintu byangirika byubutaka bifite akamaro kanini mugusuzuma isuri ryatewe nubutaka no gukuraho ingaruka ziterwa nubutaka.
Imizi y’ibimera ngo igira uruhare runini muguhagarika imisozi no kurwanya isuri10,11,12,13,14.Kugira ngo ihagarike ahantu hahanamye hagwa inkangu, ibimera birashobora gukoreshwa kuko imizi y ibimera ishobora gutunganya ubutaka kugirango birinde inkangu 15.16,17. ingirabuzima fatizo, hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka bugira uruhare rukomeye muribi bikorwa. Kwangirika kwibyuma biratandukana nubutaka bwubutaka20.Urwego rwo kwangirika kwibyuma mubutaka rushobora gutandukana no gushonga byihuse cyane kugeza ku ngaruka zitari nke21. esh ihujwe nubutare nubutaka bwubukorikori birashobora gukora neza bifitanye isano itaziguye niterambere ryubukungu karemano, umutekano wubuzima no kuzamura ibidukikije.
Nyamara, kwangirika kwibyuma bishobora gutera igihombo kinini.Nk'uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu Bushinwa mu ntangiriro ya za 1980 ku mashini z’imiti n’izindi nganda, igihombo cyatewe no kwangirika kwicyuma cyagize 4% by’agaciro k’umusaruro wose. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni ingenzi cyane kwiga uburyo bwo kwangirika no gufata ingamba zo gukingira imyanda ya mikorobe hamwe na mikorobe. .Nuko rero, ni ngombwa gukumira kwangirika kwibyuma byashyinguwe mu butaka. Kugeza ubu, ubushakashatsi bwerekeranye no kwangirika kwibyuma byibanze cyane cyane ku (1) bigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kwicyuma25;(2) uburyo bwo kurinda ibyuma26,27;(3) uburyo bwo guca imanza kurwego rwo kwangirika kwicyuma28;Ruswa mu bitangazamakuru bitandukanye.Nyamara, ubutaka bwose mubushakashatsi bwari busanzwe kandi bwari bwarakozwe muburyo buhagije bwo gukora ubutaka.Nyamara, nta raporo yerekeye isuri yubutaka bwubukorikori bwibuye rya gari ya moshi.
Ugereranije n’ibindi bitangazamakuru byangirika, ubutaka bw’ubukorikori bufite ibiranga ubudahangarwa, ubudahangarwa, ibihe ndetse n’akarere. Kwangirika kw’ubutaka mu butaka bw’ubukorikori biterwa n’imikoranire y’amashanyarazi hagati y’ibyuma n’ubutaka bw’ubukorikori. Usibye ibintu bivuka, igipimo cyangirika cy’icyuma nacyo giterwa n’ibidukikije bikikije.Ibintu byose hamwe n’ubutaka, ogisijeni, hamwe n’ibintu byose hamwe na hamwe, 32.
Mu myaka 30 yimyitozo, ikibazo cyukuntu wabungabunga burundu ubutaka bwubukorikori kumusozi wubutare bwabaye ikibazo33.Ibiti cyangwa ibiti ntibishobora gukura ahantu hahanamye nyuma yimyaka 10 yita kumaboko kubera isuri yubutaka.Umwanda uri hejuru yicyuma cyarogejwe ahantu hamwe na hamwe. Kubora kwangirika kubutaka bwa ruswa hejuru yubutaka no munsi yabyo. ion ya gariyamoshi ya gari ya moshi, kwangirika kwubu guterwa na gari ya moshi yoroheje, no kwangirika kwikiraro cya gari ya moshi 34,35, inzira n’ibindi bikoresho by’imodoka36.Nta makuru yigeze agaragaza ko yangirika y’imisozi irinda ibyuma bya gari ya moshi.Iyi mpapuro yiga ku miterere y’ubutaka, iy'ubutaka hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubutaka bushingiye ku butaka bw’ubutaka bushingiye ku butaka bw’ubutaka bushingiye ku butaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bwa tekinike. gusana ibihimbano.
Ikibanza cy’ibizamini giherereye mu misozi ya Sichuan (30 ° 32′N, 105 ° 32′E) hafi ya Gariyamoshi ya Suining. Aka gace gaherereye hagati y’ikibaya cya Sichuan, gifite imisozi miremire n’imisozi miremire, hamwe n’imiterere yoroshye ya geologiya hamwe n’ubutaka buringaniye. ni imiterere idahwitse. Agace k’ubushakashatsi gafite ikirere cy’ubushyuhe bw’ikirere gifite ibihe biranga ibihe byimpeshyi kare, icyi gishyushye, igihe cyizuba gito nimbeho itinze.Imvura ni myinshi, umutungo w’umucyo nubushyuhe ni mwinshi, igihe kitarimo ubukonje ni kirekire (iminsi 285 ugereranije), ikirere ni gito, ubushyuhe bukabije buri mwaka ni 17.4 ° C, ubushyuhe bukabije buri mwaka impuzandengo y'ubushyuhe ni 6.5 ° C), ubushyuhe bukabije ni -3.8 ° C, naho imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka ni mm 920, ahanini yibanda muri Nyakanga na Kanama.Imvura mu mpeshyi, icyi, itumba n'itumba biratandukanye cyane.Umubare wimvura muri buri gihembwe cyumwaka ni 19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% na 4-5%.
Ahantu hakorerwa ubushakashatsi ni ahantu hahanamye nka 45 ° kumusozi wa gari ya moshi Yu-Sui yubatswe mu 2003. Muri Mata 2012, yerekeje mu majyepfo muri kilometero 1 uvuye kuri Gariyamoshi ya Suining.Umusozi karemano wakoreshwaga nkigenzura. Kugarura ibidukikije kumusozi bifata tekinoloji y’amahanga yangiza ubutaka bwo gutera ibiti mu rwego rwo gusana ibidukikije. Ukurikije uburebure bw’imisozi ya gari ya moshi, ahahanamye hashobora kugabanywamo ibice byo hejuru, ahantu hahanamye no mu butayu (Igicapo cya 2) .Kubera ko umubyimba wubutaka bwaciwe nubutaka butagira icyuma, kugira ngo twirinde icyuma cyangiza ubutaka. gufata hejuru yubutaka 0-8cm.Ibisubirwamo bine byashyizwe kuri buri mwanya uhanamye, hamwe na 15-20 ziteganijwe gutondekanya kuri buri kopi. Buri kwigana ni uruvange rwa 15-20 rwashizweho ku buryo butemewe uhereye ku murongo w’icyitegererezo cya S. , 100-mesh nylon icyuma usibye ibice bito.
Kurwanya ubutaka byapimwe na VICTOR4106 igeragezwa rirwanya ubutaka ryakozwe na Shengli Instrument Company;kurwanya ubutaka byapimwe mu murima;Ubushuhe bwubutaka bwapimwe nuburyo bwo kumisha. Igikoresho cya DMP-2 kigendanwa cya mv / pH kigaragaza imbogamizi nyinshi zo kwinjiza ubushobozi bwo gupima ubutaka bwangirika. Ubushobozi bwa gradient na redox bwagenwe na DMP-2 portable digitale mv / pH, umunyu ushonga wubutaka wagenwe nuburyo bwo gukama ibisigisigi, uburyo bwa chloride ion butangwa na sisitemu ya AgNO3 uburyo bwo kumenya ubutaka bwa karubone na bicarbonate, uburyo bwo gushyushya potasiyumu dichromate ya okiside kugirango hamenyekane ibinyabuzima kama yubutaka, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza alkaline yumuti wo kumenya nitorojeni yubutaka bwa alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 igogorwa rya Mo-Sb colorimetric Uburyo bwa fosifore mubutaka hamwe na fosifori yaboneka mubutaka byagenwe na Ossen hydroxide fusion-flame Photometry.
Amakuru yubushakashatsi yabanje gutunganywa.Imibare ya SSSS 20 yakoreshejwe mugukora ibintu bisobanutse, gutandukana bisanzwe, inzira imwe ya ANOVA, hamwe nisesengura ryabantu.
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana imiterere ya elegitoroniki, anion nintungamubiri zubutaka ahantu hahanamye. Ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, kurwanya ubutaka hamwe n’iburasirazuba bw’iburengerazuba bushobora kugabanuka ahantu hahanamye haribintu byose byari bifite akamaro (P <0.05) .Ubushobozi bwa redox bushobora kumanuka, kumanuka hagati no mumisozi karemano byari bifite akamaro (P <0.05) ubutaka pH agaciro kari murwego rwo kumanuka> kuzamuka> kuzamuka hagati> ahantu hahanamye> umusozi karemano.Umunyu mwinshi ushonga, umusozi karemano wasumbaga cyane umuhanda wa gari ya moshi (P <0.05) .Umunyu mwinshi wumunyu wubutaka bwa gari ya moshi yo mucyiciro cya gatatu uri hejuru ya mg / kg 500, kandi umunyu wose ushonga wagize ingaruka zingana kuri 0,02. ibirimo byari hejuru cyane mumurongo wo hagati naho hasi murwego rwo hejuru;ibirimo azote iboneka byari hejuru cyane mumanuka no kumurongo wo hagati, naho hasi cyane mumiterere karemano;ibyuzuye bya azote byose bya gari ya moshi hejuru no kumanuka byari hasi, ariko ibirimo azote yaboneka byari hejuru.Ibi byerekana ko igipimo cya minisiteri ya azote izamuka kandi ikamanuka byihuse.Ibintu bya potasiyumu biboneka ni kimwe na fosifore iboneka.
Kurwanya ubutaka ni igipimo cyerekana ubwikorezi bw'amashanyarazi n'ibipimo fatizo byo guca imanza z'ubutaka.Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kurwanya ubutaka birimo ibirimo ubushuhe, ibirimo umunyu mwinshi wose, pH, imiterere y'ubutaka, ubushyuhe, ibinyabuzima birimo, ubushyuhe bw'ubutaka, hamwe n'ubukomezi. Muri rusange, ubutaka bufite ubukana buke burashobora kwangirika, n'ibindi.
Nkurikije ibisubizo by'ibizamini n'ibipimo mu gihugu cyanjye (Imbonerahamwe 1), niba kwangirika k'ubutaka gusuzumwa gusa no kurwanya ubutaka, ubutaka buri ku misozi miremire burashobora kwangirika cyane;ubutaka kumanuka kumanuka burashobora kwangirika;kwangirika kwubutaka kumurongo wo hagati no kumusozi karemano ugereranije ni ntege nke.
Ubutaka bwo guhangana nubutumburuke buri hejuru cyane ugereranije n’ibindi bice by’imisozi, bishobora guterwa n’isuri y’imvura. Ubutaka bwo hejuru hejuru butemba bugana mu misozi yo hagati hamwe n’amazi, ku buryo urushundura rwo mu cyuma rwo hejuru ruri hafi y’ubutaka.intera y'ibirundo yari 3m;ubujyakuzimu bw'ikirundo bwari munsi ya 15cm.Ibikoresho by'icyuma hamwe n'ingese zishobora gukuramo bishobora kubangamira ibisubizo byo gupimwa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntabwo byiringirwa gusuzuma kwangirika k'ubutaka ukoresheje igipimo cyo kurwanya ubutaka gusa.
Bitewe n'ubushuhe buri hejuru, umwuka wimyaka myinshi mukarere ka Sichuan utera inshundura yicyuma ihura nikirere kwangirika cyane kurenza icyuma cyashyinguwe mubutaka39.Guhura ninsinga zumuyaga mukirere bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwa serivisi bugabanuka, bushobora guhungabanya ubutaka bwimeza. Kubura ibiti bigoye kugirango bitume ibiti bitera ibiti bikura. t icyarimwe, imikurire yibihingwa irashobora kandi kuzamura ubwiza bwubutaka no kongera ibirimo humus mu butaka, ntibishobora kugumana amazi gusa, ahubwo binatanga ibidukikije byiza byo gukura no kororoka kwinyamaswa n’ibimera, bityo bikagabanya gutakaza ubutaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu rero, mu ntangiriro y’ubwubatsi, imbuto nyinshi z’ibiti zigomba kubibwa hejuru y’imisozi kugira ngo bigabanye amazi kugira ngo birinde.
Ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kwangirika k'urushundura rwo kurinda ahantu hahanamye ku nzego eshatu, kandi rukagira ingaruka zikomeye ku misozi ihanamye (Imbonerahamwe ya 2) .Mu bihe bisanzwe, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ntibuhinduka cyane mu bidukikije runaka. Impinduka zigaragara zishobora guterwa n'inzira zayobye.Ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu bikoresha inzira ya gari ya moshi. uburyo bwo gutwara abantu bwageze ku mashanyarazi manini, kandi kwangirika kwibyuma byashyinguwe biterwa no gutemba guturuka kumuhanda wa gari ya moshi zamashanyarazi ntibishobora kwirengagizwa. Muri iki gihe, igipimo cy’ubutaka gishobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane niba ubutaka burimo imvururu zangiritse.Iyo igipimo gishobora kuba kiri munsi yubutaka buri munsi ya 0.5 mv / m;iyo ubushobozi bushobora kuba buri hagati ya 0.5 mv / m kugeza kuri 5.0 mv / m, icyerekezo cyayobye kiringaniye;iyo igipimo gishobora kuba kirenze 5.0 mv / m, urwego rwayobye ruri hejuru.Urwego rwo kureremba rushobora kuba gradient (EW) rwagati rwagati rwagati, hejuru-ruhanamye no kumanuka rwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 3. Ukurikije intera ireremba, hariho imigezi itagabanije mu cyerekezo cyo hagati y’iburengerazuba no mu majyaruguru y’amajyepfo yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo hagati cy’ibice byo hagati. umugozi, cyane cyane kumurongo wo hagati.
Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi bwa redox yubutaka (Eh) hejuru ya mV 400 yerekana ubushobozi bwa okiside, hejuru ya 0-200 mV nubushobozi bwo kugabanya hagati, naho munsi ya 0 mV nubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya.Ubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya ubutaka, niko ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kwa mikorobe yubutaka bugera ku byuma44.Birashoboka guhanura icyerekezo cya mikorobe yangirika yubutaka buturutse kubutaka bwa redox. Irerekana ko imiterere yubutaka bwubutaka bwubutaka ari bwiza, budafasha kwangirika kwa mikorobe ya anaerobic mubutaka.
Ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwerekanye ko ingaruka zubutaka pH ku isuri yubutaka bugaragara. Hamwe n’imihindagurikire y’agaciro ka pH, igipimo cyangirika cy’ibikoresho by’icyuma kigira ingaruka ku buryo bugaragara.Ubutaka pH bufitanye isano rya bugufi n’akarere hamwe na mikorobe mvaruganda mu butaka 45.46.47. Muri rusange, ingaruka z’ubutaka pH ku kwangirika kw’ibikoresho bya gari ya moshi ntago bigaragara. meshi yicyuma irakomeye.
Nkuko bigaragara ku mbonerahamwe ya 3, isesengura rifitanye isano ryerekana ko ubushobozi bwa redox hamwe nu mwanya uhanamye bifitanye isano ryiza cyane (R2 = 0.858), ubushobozi bwo kwangirika hamwe na gradient (SN) bifitanye isano ryiza cyane (R2 = 0,755), hamwe na redox ishobora kuba ifite imbaraga (R2 = 0.755).Hariho isano rinini cyane hagati yubushobozi na pH (R2 = -0.724) .Ibibanza byahanamye byari bifitanye isano neza nubushobozi bwa redox.Ibi byerekana ko hari itandukaniro ryibidukikije bya microen ibidukikije byimyanya itandukanye, kandi mikorobe yubutaka ifitanye isano rya bugufi na redox48, 49, 50.Ubushobozi bwa redox ntabwo bwari bufitanye isano na pH51.52. Ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bushobora kwerekana ubushobozi bugereranije bwo kubona no gutakaza electron.Nubwo ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwari bufitanye isano ryiza na gradient ishobora kuba (SN), igipimo gishobora kuba giterwa no gutakaza byoroshye electroni nicyuma.
Ubutaka bwuzuye bwumunyu mwinshi bufitanye isano cyane no kwangirika kwubutaka. Muri rusange, uko imyunyu yubutaka irenze, niko igabanuka ry’ubutaka, bityo bikarwanya ubutaka.
Ibyinshi mu ion zishongesha umunyu mu butaka ntabwo zigira uruhare rutaziguye mu mashanyarazi, ariko bigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kwicyuma binyuze mu kurwanya ubutaka. lope yahuye nubutaka bukuze (ibikoresho byababyeyi byubutaka biterwa nikirere cyikirere), ariko ubutaka bwa gari ya moshi bugizwe nibice byamabuye byajanjaguwe nka matrisa y "ubutaka bwubukorikori", kandi ntabwo byakozwe muburyo buhagije bwo gukora ubutaka.Amabuye y'agaciro ntabwo arekurwa. Byongeye kandi, ion yumunyu mubutaka bwimbitse bwimisozi karemano yazamutse binyuze mubikorwa bya capillary mugihe cyo guhumeka kwubutaka no kwirundanyiriza mubutaka bwo hejuru, bigatuma ubwiyongere bwibirimo ioni yumunyu mubutaka bwubutaka.Ubutaka bwubutaka bwumusozi wa gari ya moshi ntibuba munsi ya cm 20, bigatuma ubutaka bwubutaka budashobora kuzuza umunyu uva mubutaka bwimbitse.
Iyoni nziza (nka K +, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, Al3 +, nibindi) ntabwo bigira ingaruka nke kubutaka bwubutaka, mugihe anion igira uruhare runini mugikorwa cyamashanyarazi yo kwangirika kandi ikagira ingaruka zikomeye kubora.Cl− irashobora kwihuta kwangirika kwa anode kandi ni anion yangirika cyane;hejuru ya Cl−, niko gukomera kwangirika kwubutaka.SO42− ntabwo itera kwangirika kwibyuma gusa, ahubwo binatera kwangirika mubikoresho bimwe na bimwe bifatika 54. Nanone kandi, byangiza ibyuma. Mubushakashatsi bwakozwe nubutaka bwa acide, igipimo cya ruswa cyaragaragaye ko kijyanye na acide yubutaka 55. ubutaka bwa alkaline buragereranijwe no kongeramo chloride na sulfate ion 56,67. Reba nibindi.wasanze SO42- ishobora kubangamira ruswa, ariko igateza imbere iterambere ryibyobo bimaze kwangirika 58.
Ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gupima ubutaka hamwe n’ibisubizo by’ibizamini, ibipimo bya ioni ya chloride muri buri cyitegererezo cy’ubutaka bwahanamye byari hejuru ya mg / kg 100, byerekana ko ubutaka bwangirika cyane.Ibintu bya sulfate ion biri mu misozi miremire ndetse no munsi y’imisozi byari hejuru ya 200 mg / kg na munsi ya 500 mg / kg, kandi ubutaka bwarangiritse ku buryo bugaragara. reaction kandi itanga igipimo cyangirika hejuru yicyuma cya electrode yicyuma, bityo bikadindiza reaction ya ruswa.Nkuko intumbero yiyongera, igipimo gishobora gucika gitunguranye, bityo byihuta cyane umuvuduko wa ruswa;uko kwibumbira hamwe bikomeje kwiyongera, igipimo cya ruswa gitwikiriye hejuru ya electrode yicyuma, kandi igipimo cya ruswa cyerekana ko bigenda buhoro buhoro 59. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umubare wubutaka wari muke bityo bikaba bitagize ingaruka nke kuri ruswa.
Dukurikije imbonerahamwe ya 4, ihuriro riri hagati y’imisozi n’ubutaka bwerekanaga ko hari isano ikomeye iri hagati y’imisozi ihanamye na chloride (R2 = 0.836), kandi isano iri hagati y’imisozi n’umunyu mwinshi (R2 = 0.742).
Ibi birerekana ko gutemba hejuru yubutaka hamwe nisuri yubutaka bishobora kuba nyirabayazana wimpinduka zumunyu mwinshi ushonga mubutaka.Hariho isano iri hagati yumunyu mwinshi wa elegitoronike hamwe na ion ya chloride, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba biterwa nuko umunyu ushonga wose ari ikidendezi cya ioni ya chloride, kandi ibirimo imyunyu ngugu byose bigabanuka bishobora gutandukanya ibice bya ruside bishobora guterwa no gutandukanya ubutaka.
Ibintu kama, azote yuzuye, azote iboneka, fosifore iboneka hamwe na potasiyumu iboneka nintungamubiri zingenzi zubutaka, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka no kwinjiza intungamubiri na sisitemu yumuzi. Intungamubiri zubutaka nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kuri mikorobe mu butaka, bityo rero birakwiye ko twiga niba hari isano riri hagati yintungamubiri zubutaka hamwe nubutaka bwicyuma.Ubutaka bwa Suiyu bwarangiye 9. y'ubutaka bwa artificiel, birakenewe ko dusobanukirwa neza intungamubiri zubutaka bwubukorikori.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibinyabuzima ari byo biri hejuru cyane mu butaka bwa gasozi nyuma y’ibikorwa byose by’ubutaka.Ibintu byo mu butaka buke bw’ubutaka bw’ibinyabuzima byari bike cyane. Bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’amazi atemba y’ubutaka, intungamubiri z’ubutaka zizegeranya hagati y’imisozi miremire no munsi y’imisozi. Ibimera byo mu misozi bitwikiriye kandi bitandukanye byari byinshi, ariko ubutinganyi bwari buke, bushobora gutuma ikwirakwizwa ryintungamubiri zubutaka.Urwego runini rwa humus rufite amazi n’ibinyabuzima byubutaka birakora.Ibyo byose byihutisha kwangirika kw ibinyabuzima mu butaka.
Azote-hydrolyzed azote yibiri muri gari ya moshi zo hejuru, ahantu hahanamye no hepfo-hahanamye byari hejuru kurenza iy'imisozi karemano, byerekana ko igipimo cya minisiteri ya azote ya minisiteri yo mu misozi ya gari ya moshi yari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’imisozi karemano. Iyo uduce duto duto, niko imiterere y’ubutaka ihindagurika hamwe n’ibinyabuzima bigera kuri 62. ubushakashatsi, ibikubiye mu bice bito byegeranye mu butaka bwa gari ya moshi byari hejuru cyane ugereranije n’imisozi karemano.Nuko rero, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikwiye zo kongera ibifumbire, ifumbire mvaruganda na azote mu butaka bw’umuhanda wa gari ya moshi, no kunoza imikoreshereze irambye y’ubutaka. irashobora kuba moteri nyamukuru yo gutakaza intungamubiri ziboneka mubutaka bwimisozi 63,64,65.
Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 4, hari isano ikomeye yagaragaye hagati yumwanya uhanamye na fosifore iboneka (R2 = 0.948), kandi isano iri hagati yumusozi na potasiyumu iboneka yari imwe (R2 = 0.898) .Byerekana ko imyanya ihanamye igira ingaruka kubirimo fosifore iboneka na potasiyumu iboneka mubutaka.
Gradient ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku butaka kama nubutaka bwa nitorojeni66, kandi uko gradient ntoya, niko bigenda byiyongera cyane. Kubitunga intungamubiri zubutaka, gutakaza intungamubiri byaragabanutse, kandi ingaruka zumwanya wubutaka bwibintu kama nubutaka bwa nitorojeni ntizigaragara.Ubwoko butandukanye numubare wibimera kumyunyu ngugu ya fosifike ya fosifike ya fosifike. mu butaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, habaye isano rikomeye hagati yumwanya uhanamye na fosifore iboneka, n'umwanya uhanamye hamwe na potasiyumu ihari.
Kugirango dusobanure neza isano iri hagati yintungamubiri zubutaka no kwangirika kwubutaka, birakenewe gusesengura isano. Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 5, ubushobozi bwa redox bwari bufitanye isano rya bugufi na azote iboneka (R2 = -0.845) kandi bifitanye isano rya bugufi na fosifore iboneka (R2 = 0.842) hamwe na potasiyumu iboneka hamwe nubutaka bwa chimique na Rox = 0.980). y'ubutaka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni ikintu gikomeye mu kumenya icyerekezo cyo guhindura intungamubiri zubutaka67.Imico itandukanye ya redox irashobora kuvamo leta zitandukanye no kubona ibintu byimirire. Kubwibyo rero, ubushobozi bwa redox bufite isano ikomeye na azote iboneka, fosifore iboneka na potasiyumu iboneka.
Usibye imiterere yicyuma, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika nabwo bufitanye isano nubutaka bwubutaka. Ubushobozi bwo kwangirika bwahujwe cyane nibintu kama, byerekana ko ibinyabuzima byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubishobora kwangirika. Byongeye kandi, ibinyabuzima na byo byari bifitanye isano ribi cyane na gradient (SN) (R2 = -0.713) hamwe na sulfate ion (R2 = -0.671) byerekana ko ibintu bya sulfate ion (R2 = -0.671) byerekana ko ibintu bya sulfate ion (R2 = -0.671). sium (R2 = -0.728).
Azote iboneka yari ifitanye isano itari mike n'umunyu mwinshi wa elegitoronike hamwe na ioni ya chloride, kandi fosifore iboneka hamwe na potasiyumu iboneka byari bifitanye isano ryiza n'umunyu wuzuye wa elegitoronike hamwe na ioni ya chloride.Ibi byerekanaga ko intungamubiri ziboneka zagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mubare w'umunyu wose ushonga hamwe na ioni ya chloride mu butaka kandi ntago byari byiza cyane ku butunzi bwa nitorojeni. ly bifitanye isano na bicarbonate, byerekana ko azote yose yagize ingaruka kubiri muri sulfate na bicarbonate.Ibimera ntibikenera cyane ioni sulfate na ion ya bicarbonate, bityo inyinshi murizo zikaba zidegembya mubutaka cyangwa zinjizwa nubutaka bwa colloide. kugabanya kwangirika kwubutaka.
Ubutaka ni sisitemu ifite ibintu bigoye hamwe nibintu.Ubutaka bubora nigisubizo cyibikorwa byo guhuza ibintu byinshi.Kubwibyo, uburyo bunoze bwo gusuzuma bukoreshwa mugusuzuma kwangirika kwubutaka. Hifashishijwe "Code for the Geotechnical Engineering Investigation Investigation" (GB50021-94) hamwe nuburyo bwo gupima uburyo bwo gupima Ubutaka bw’Ubushinwa, Urwego rwo kwangirika kwubutaka rushobora gusuzumwa neza ukurikije amahame akurikira: (1) Isuzuma ni ruswa yangirika, niba nta ruswa ikabije, cyangwa nta ruswa ikabije, nta ruswa ikabije, cyangwa nta ruswa ikabije, nta ruswa ishobora gukomera,(2) niba nta ruswa ikomeye, isuzumwa nka ruswa yoroheje;(3) niba hari ahantu hamwe cyangwa bibiri byangirika cyane, bisuzumwa nka ruswa ikomeye;(4) niba hari ahantu 3 cyangwa byinshi byangirika cyane, bisuzumwa nka ruswa ikomeye kubora cyane.
Ukurikije kurwanya ubutaka, ubushobozi bwa redox, ibirimo amazi, ibirimo umunyu, agaciro ka pH, hamwe na Cl- na SO42-, ibipimo byangirika byubutaka bwubutaka ahantu hatandukanye byasuzumwe byimazeyo. Ibisubizo byubushakashatsi byerekana ko ubutaka kumisozi yose bwangirika cyane.
Ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kwangirika k'urushundura rwo kurinda imisozi.Ibishobora kwangirika kw'imisozi itatu byose biri munsi ya mv -200, ibyo bikaba bifite ingaruka zikomeye ku kwangirika kw'icyuma kizamuka hejuru.Icyerekezo gishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ubunini bw'imyunyu ngugu ku butaka. mu butaka bwo mu misozi yo hejuru, hagati ndetse no hepfo yari hejuru ya 500 mg / kg, kandi ingaruka zo kwangirika kuri neti yo kurinda umusozi zari ziciriritse. Ibirimo amazi yubutaka ni ikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kwicyuma cya metero yo hagati no munsi y’imisozi, kandi kigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kwangirika kw’imisozi irinda ubutumburuke.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ubushobozi bwo kwangirika, bushobora kuba buhoro buhoro, umunyu wuzuye wumunyu hamwe nibirimo amazi nibyo bintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kwubutaka kumisozi itatu, kandi kwangirika kwubutaka bisuzumwa nkimbaraga.Isenyuka ryumuyoboro urinda imisozi niryo rikomeye cyane kumurongo wo hagati, ritanga umurongo wo gukura kwangirika kwubutaka bw’ibihingwa hamwe no kongera ifumbire mvaruganda. ize kumurongo.
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