Muri kano karere keza, abashoramari ubu barasabwa kuva mubikorwa byubushakashatsi / gusuzuma bigana kubikorwa byiza byiterambere n’umusaruro.
Ibyavumbuwe vuba aha mu kibaya cya Guyana-Suriname byerekana hafi 10+ Bbbl y’umutungo wa peteroli hamwe na Tcf zirenga 30 za gaze karemano.1 Kimwe n’ibintu byinshi byagezweho na peteroli na gaze, iyi ni inkuru itangirana n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakiri kare ku nkombe, bikurikirwa n’igihe kirekire cyo gutenguha ku nkombe kugeza ku nyanja, bikarangira bigenda neza.
Intsinzi amaherezo ni gihamya yo kwihangana no gushakisha leta za Guyana na Suriname hamwe n’ibigo by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli hamwe n’ikoreshwa rya IOC mu mpinduramatwara nyafurika ihinduranya impande zombi zahinduwe n’amajyepfo.
Mu myaka 5 iri imbere, kariya gace kazaba isonga rya peteroli na gaze, hamwe nubuvumbuzi buriho buzahinduka isuzuma / iterambere;abashakashatsi benshi baracyashaka kuvumbura.
Ubushakashatsi ku nyanja.Muri Suriname na Guyana, amazi ya peteroli yari azwi kuva mu 1800 kugeza mu 1900.Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Suriname bwavumbuye amavuta ku bujyakuzimu bwa m 160 ubwo yacukuraga amazi mu kigo cy’umudugudu wa Kolkata.2 Umurima wa Tambaredjo ku nkombe (15-17 amavuta ya OAPI) wavumbuwe muri 1968. Amavuta ya mbere yatangiraga muri Tamb. amavuta ya bbl. Muri iki gihe, umusaruro w’iyi mirima ugera kuri barrile 16.000 ku munsi.2 Amavuta ya peteroli ya Petronas atunganyirizwa mu ruganda rwa Tout Lui Faut hamwe n’umusaruro wa buri munsi wa barrile 15.000 kugirango ukore mazutu, lisansi, peteroli na bitum.
Guyana ntabwo yagize amahirwe amwe ku nkombe;Amariba 13 yacukuwe kuva mu 1916, ariko abiri yonyine ni yo yabonye amavuta.3 Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli ku nkombe mu myaka ya za 1940 bwatumye habaho ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya ku kibaya cya Takatu. Amariba atatu yacukuwe hagati ya 1981 na 1993, yose yumye cyangwa adacuruza. Amariba yemeje ko hariho shale yirabura, imyaka ya Cenomanian-Turoniya (izwi ku izina rya Canje Fm).
Venezuwela ifite amateka atera imbere yo gucukumbura peteroli no kubyaza umusaruro.4 Intsinzi yo gucukura yatangiye mu 1908, iyambere ku iriba rya Zumbaque 1 mu burengerazuba bw’igihugu, 5 Mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose ndetse no mu myaka ya za 1920 na 1930, umusaruro uva mu kiyaga cya Maracaibo wakomeje kwiyongera. Birumvikana ko kuvumbura umucanga wa tari 6 mu mukandara wa peteroli wa Orinoco mu 1936 byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mutungo wa peteroli wa peteroli muri 1936;iki kigega kiza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Venezuwela mu bubiko. Imiterere ya La Luna (Cenomanian-Turonian) ni urutare rukomoka ku isi ku mavuta menshi. La Luna7 ishinzwe amavuta menshi yavumbuwe kandi akorerwa mu kibaya cya Maracaibo hamwe n’ibindi bibaya byinshi byo muri Kolombiya, uquateur na Peru.
Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli ya Offshore muri Guyana: Agace ka Shelf ku mugabane wa Afurika. Igikorwa cyo gukora ubushakashatsi ku mugabane w’umugabane cyatangiye ku mugaragaro mu 1967 gifite amariba 7 Offshore-1 na -2 muri Guyana.Hari icyuho cy’imyaka 15 mbere yuko Arapaima-1 icukurwa, hakurikiraho Horseshoe-1 mu 2000 na Eagle-1 na Jaguar-1 mu mavuta ya icyenda.gusa Abary-1, yacukuwe mu 1975, ifite amavuta atemba (37 oAPI) .Mu gihe kubura kuvumbura ubukungu kwaba gutengushye, ayo mariba ni ngombwa kuko yemeza ko sisitemu ya peteroli ikora neza itanga amavuta.
Ubushakashatsi bwa peteroli Offshore Suriname: Agace k'umugabane wa Shelf.Inkuru yerekana indorerwamo zo gushakisha amasoko yo ku mugabane wa Suriname yo muri Guyana. Amariba 9 yose yacukuwe muri 2011, 3 muri yo yari afite amavuta;abandi bari bakamye.Ikindi kandi, kubura kuvumbura ubukungu birababaje, ariko amariba yemeza ko sisitemu ya peteroli ikora neza itanga amavuta.
ODP Leg 207 yacukuye ibibanza bitanu mu 2003 hejuru ya Demerara Rise itandukanya ikibaya cya Guyana-Suriname n’inyanja ya Giyana y’Abafaransa. Icy'ingenzi ni uko amariba uko ari atanu yahuye n’urutare rumwe rwa Cenomanian-Turonian Canje rwasanze mu iriba rya Guyana na Suriname, rwemeza ko hari urutare rwa La Luna.
Ubushakashatsi bwatsinze bw'inzibacyuho ya Afurika bwatangiranye no kuvumburwa n'amavuta yo kwivuza mu 2007 ku murima wa Afurika wongeyeho, hagaragaye ubushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Gana ing kuri ubwo bwoko bumwe bw'ikinamico bwaratsinzwe cyane mu gushaka ubukungu. Rusange, ukundi iburengerazuba uva muri Gana ku mpande z'inzibacyuho, niko umubare w'itsinzi utonyanga.
Kimwe na byinshi mu byo Afurika y’iburengerazuba yagezeho muri Angola, Cabinda no mu nyanja y’amajyaruguru, ibyo byagezweho mu mazi ya Gana byemeza igitekerezo kimwe cy’imikino.Icyerekezo cy’iterambere gishingiye ku rutare rukuze ku rwego rw’isi rukuze hamwe na sisitemu yo kwimuka yimuka. Ikigega cy’amazi ahanini ni umusenyi w’imisozi ihanamye, witwa turbidite. Imitego yitwa imitego ya stratigraphe kandi ikomora ku mutego udasanzwe ukomoka ku mutego wa Shale). tandukanya ibisubizo byibiza bya hydrocarubone itwara amabuye yumusenyi utose.Buri sosiyete ikora peteroli ikomeza ubuhanga bwayo muburyo bwo gukoresha ibanga ryikoranabuhanga. Buri riba ryakurikiyeho ryakoreshejwe muguhindura ubu buryo. Bimaze kugaragazwa, ubu buryo burashobora kugabanya cyane ingaruka ziterwa no gusuzuma gucukura amariba yiterambere ndetse nicyerekezo gishya.
Abahanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya bakunze kuvuga ijambo "trendology" .Ni igitekerezo cyoroshye cyemerera abahanga mu bumenyi bwa geologiya kwimura ibitekerezo byabo byubushakashatsi bava mu kibaya kimwe bajya mu kindi. Muri urwo rwego, IOC nyinshi zagize icyo zigeraho muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba no ku mpande z’inzibacyuho zo muri Afurika ziyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa aya mahame mu majyepfo ya Ekwatoriya yo muri Amerika y'Epfo (SAEM) .Nk'ibisubizo, mu ntangiriro za 2010, isosiyete yari yarabonye impushya zo mu mazi yimbitse ya Guyana.
Yavumbuwe muri Nzeri 2011 mu gucukura Zaedyus-1 ku bujyakuzimu bwa metero 2000 ku nyanja ya Giyana y’Abafaransa, Tullow Oil niyo sosiyete ya mbere yabonye hydrocarbone zikomeye muri SAEM.Tullow Oil yatangaje ko iriba ryabonye m 72 z’abafana bahembwa net muri turbidite ebyiri. Amariba atatu yo gusuzuma azahura n’umucanga mwinshi ariko nta hydrocarbone y’ubucuruzi.
Guyana aratsinze. ya barriel zirenga 8 zamavuta (ExxonMobil)! Abafatanyabikorwa ba Stabroek bakemura ibibazo bijyanye nigisubizo cyibiza cya Hydrocarubone itwara vs Amazi yo mu mazi (Hess Umushoramari, Umunsi w’abashoramari 2018 8) .Indiba zimwe na zimwe za Albian zashaje zamenyekanye.
Igishimishije, ExxonMobil n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo bavumbuye peteroli mu kigega cya karubone cy’iriba rya Ranger-1 ryatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2018. Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ko iki ari ikigega cya karubone cyubatswe hejuru y’ikirunga cyaguye.
Ubuvumbuzi bwa Haimara-18 bwatangajwe muri Gashyantare 2019 nk'ubuvumbuzi bwa kondensate mu kigega cya metero 63 zujuje ubuziranenge.Haimara-1 ihana imbibi na Stabroek muri Guyana na Block 58 muri Suriname.
Tullow n'abafatanyabikorwa (uruhushya rwa Orinduik) bavumbuye ibintu bibiri mubuvumbuzi bwa Stabroek:
ExxonMobil n’umufatanyabikorwa wayo (Umuhanda wa Kaieteur) batangaje ku ya 17 Ugushyingo 2020, ko iriba rya Tanager-1 ryavumbuwe ariko rikaba ryarafatwaga nk’ubucuruzi. Iriba ryasanze m 16 y’amavuta meza mu mucanga wo mu rwego rwo hejuru wa Maastrichtian, ariko isesengura ry’amazi ryerekanaga amavuta aremereye kuruta mu iterambere rya Liza.
Offshore Suriname, amariba atatu yubushakashatsi bwamazi yimbitse yacukuwe hagati ya 2015 na 2017 yari amariba yumye.Apache yacukuye ibyobo bibiri byumye (Popokai-1 na Kolibrie-1) muri Block 53 naho Petronas acukura umwobo wumye wa Roselle-1 muri Block 52, Ishusho 2.
Offshore Suriname, Tullow yatangaje mu Kwakira 2017 ko iriba rya Araku-1 ridafite amabuye akomeye y’ibigega, ariko ryerekanye ko hari kondegene ya gaze.11 Iriba ryacukuwe hamwe n’imiterere idasanzwe ya amplitude idasanzwe.
Kosmos yacukuye ibyobo bibiri byumye (Anapai-1 na Anapai-1A) muri Block 45 muri 201816, n'umwobo wumye wa Pontoenoe-1 muri Block 42.
Ikigaragara ni uko mu ntangiriro za 2019, icyerekezo cy'amazi maremare ya Suriname kimeze nabi.Ariko ibi bigiye kuba byiza cyane!
Mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2020, kuri Block 58 muri Suriname, Apache / Total17 yatangaje ko havumbuwe peteroli ku iriba ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Maka-1, ryacukuwe mu mpera za 2019.Maka-1 ni iya mbere mu bintu bine byavumbuwe Apache / Total izatangaza muri 2020 (abashoramari ba Apache) .Buri bahuye neza n’ibigega bya kampani hamwe na Santoniya. Hagarika 58 muri 2021.Hari iriba ryo gusuzuma.
Petronas18 yatangaje ivumburwa rya peteroli ku iriba rya Sloanea-1 ku ya 11 Ukuboza 2020. Amavuta aboneka mu musenyi wa Campania.Block 52 ni inzira n'iburasirazuba Apache yasanze muri Block 58.
Mugihe ubushakashatsi nisuzuma bikomeje muri 2021, hazaba hari amahirwe menshi yo kureba.
Iriba rya Guyana kureba mu 2021.
ExxonMobil n'abafatanyabikorwa mu guhagarika Stabroek barateganya gucukura iriba rya Krobia-1 ku bilometero 16 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'umurima wa Liza. Nyuma yaho, iriba rya Redtail-1 rizacukurwa ibirometero 12 mu burasirazuba bw'umurima wa Liza.
Ku kibanza cya Corentyne (CGX et al), iriba rishobora gucukurwa mu 2021 kugira ngo risuzume ibyiringiro bya Kawa ya Santoniya.Iyi ni inzira ya amplitude ya Santoniya, hamwe n'imyaka nk'iyi iboneka muri Stabroek na Suriname Block 58. Igihe ntarengwa cyo gucukura iriba cyongerewe kugeza ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 2021.
Amariba ya Suriname yo kureba muri 2021. Amavuta ya Tullow yacukuye iriba rya GVN-1 muri Block 47 ku ya 24 Mutarama 2021. Intego y'iri riba ni intego ebyiri muri turbidite yo hejuru ya Upper Cretaceous.Tullow yavuguruye uko ibintu byifashe ku ya 18 Werurwe, avuga ko iriba ryageze kuri TD kandi ryahuye n’ikigega cyiza cya peteroli, ariko ryerekanye ko ari byiza kuri peteroli. 48 na 59.
Mu ntangiriro za Gashyantare, Total / Apache yacukuye iriba ryisuzuma muri Block 58, bigaragara ko ryavuye mu byavumbuwe muri bariyeri. Nyuma yaho, iriba ry’ubushakashatsi bwa Bonboni-1 riri mu majyaruguru y’amajyaruguru ya Block 58 rishobora gucukurwa muri uyu mwaka.Bizaba bishimishije kureba niba karubone ya Walker muri Block 42 mu gihe kizaza izaba imeze nk’ubuvumbuzi bwa Ranger-1 kuri Stabroek.carry out.
Uruhushya rwo gutanga uruhushya rwa Suriname.
Gahunda y'Iterambere rya Starbrook.ExxonMobil na Hess bashyize ahagaragara ibisobanuro birambuye kuri gahunda zabo zo guteza imbere umurima, ushobora kubisanga ahantu hatandukanye, ariko umunsi wa Hess Investor Day 8 Ukuboza 2018 ni ahantu heza ho gutangirira.
ExxonMobil yatangaje ko iteganya gutanga gahunda z’iterambere rya kane rikomeye rya Stabroek mu mpera za 2021.
imbogamizi. Gusa mu gihe kirenga umwaka nyuma y’ibiciro by’ibikomoka kuri peteroli mu mateka, inganda zaragarutse, hamwe n’ibiciro bya WTI birenga $ 65, n’ikibaya cya Guyana-Suriname kigaragara nk’iterambere rishimishije mu myaka ya za 2020. Amariba yavumbuwe yanditse muri kariya gace.Nk'uko Westwood ibivuga, ihagarariye ibice birenga 75% by'amavuta yavumbuwe mu myaka icumi ishize kandi byibuze 50% bya gazi karemano iboneka mu byiciro bya clasitike.
Ikibazo gikomeye ntabwo ari umutungo wibigega, kuko urutare n’amazi bigaragara ko bifite ubuziranenge busabwa.Ntabwo ari ikoranabuhanga kuko ikoranabuhanga ry’amazi maremare ryatejwe imbere kuva mu myaka ya za 1980.Birashoboka ko ryakoresha aya mahirwe kuva mu ntangiriro kugira ngo rishyire mu bikorwa imikorere myiza y’inganda mu musaruro ukomoka ku nyanja.Ibyo bizafasha ibigo bya leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo gushyiraho amabwiriza na politiki bigamije iterambere ry’ibidukikije ndetse no kuzamura ubukungu n’imibereho myiza mu bihugu byombi.
Ntakibazo, inganda zizakurikiranira hafi Guyana-Suriname byibuze muri uyu mwaka no mu myaka itanu iri imbere.Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, hari amahirwe menshi kuri guverinoma, abashoramari ndetse n’amasosiyete ya E&P kugira uruhare mu bikorwa ndetse n’ibikorwa nk'uko Covid abemerera. Muri byo harimo:
Imicungire ya Endeavour ni ikigo ngishwanama cyubuyobozi gifatanya nabakiriya kugirango bamenye agaciro nyako bahereye kubikorwa byabo byo guhindura ingamba. Igikorwa gikomeza imyumvire ibiri yo kuyobora ubucuruzi butanga ingufu, mugihe gikora nk'umusemburo wo guhindura ubucuruzi ukoresheje amahame y'ingenzi y'ubuyobozi n'ingamba z'ubucuruzi.
Umurage w'ikigo umaze imyaka 50 watumye habaho uburyo bunini bwuburyo bugaragara butuma abajyanama ba Endeavour batanga ingamba zo guhindura urwego rwo hejuru, kuba indashyikirwa mu mikorere, guteza imbere ubuyobozi, kugisha inama tekinike, hamwe no gutera inkunga ibyemezo.
Ibikoresho byose bigengwa n'amategeko yuburenganzira bwubahirizwa, nyamuneka soma Amabwiriza yacu, Politiki ya kuki na Politiki y’ibanga mbere yo gukoresha uru rubuga.