Nigute ca0u not00e0mm0?Nukuri, birashyuha, ariko byanze bikunze bikubita imbeho kandi ugakora umwanya wo00ur.Kuri Moteri Yubaka, itsinda ryacu ryahugiye mu gusura ibirori byo gusiganwa, kwerekana, gusura abakora moteri n'amaduka, hamwe nibikorwa bisanzwe.
Iyo nta pin iboneka mugifuniko cyigihe cyangwa mugihe cyigihe, cyangwa mugihe umwobo wa pin utabereye udahuye neza kuri pin.Fata damper ishaje hanyuma umusenyi hagati kugirango ishobore kunyerera hejuru yizuru.Koresha kugirango urinde igifuniko mugukomera.
Waba wubaka moteri yumwuga, umukanishi cyangwa uwukora, cyangwa umukunzi wimodoka ukunda moteri, imodoka zo kwiruka hamwe nimodoka yihuta, Umwubatsi wa moteri afite icyo akumariye.Ibinyamakuru byacu byandika bitanga ibisobanuro bya tekiniki kubintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye inganda za moteri n’amasoko atandukanye, mugihe amakuru yamakuru yamakuru akomeza kugezwaho amakuru namakuru agezweho, amakuru ya tekiniki hamwe n’imbere mu nganda.Ariko, urashobora kubona ibi byose nukwiyandikisha.Iyandikishe nonaha kugirango wakire icapiro rya buri kwezi na / cyangwa ibyuma bya digitale yikinyamakuru cyubaka moteri, kimwe namakuru yacu ya buri cyumweru yubaka moteri, ikinyamakuru cya buri cyumweru cyangwa ikinyamakuru cya Diesel buri cyumweru muri inbox yawe.Uzaba utwikiriye imbaraga zamafarashi mugihe gito!
Waba wubaka moteri yumwuga, umukanishi cyangwa uwukora, cyangwa umukunzi wimodoka ukunda moteri, imodoka zo kwiruka hamwe nimodoka yihuta, Umwubatsi wa moteri afite icyo akumariye.Ibinyamakuru byacu byandika bitanga ibisobanuro bya tekiniki kubintu byose ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye inganda za moteri n’amasoko atandukanye, mugihe amakuru yamakuru yamakuru akomeza kugezwaho amakuru namakuru agezweho, amakuru ya tekiniki hamwe n’imbere mu nganda.Ariko, urashobora kubona ibi byose nukwiyandikisha.Iyandikishe nonaha kugirango wakire icapiro rya buri kwezi na / cyangwa ibyuma bya digitale yikinyamakuru cyubaka moteri, kimwe namakuru yacu ya buri cyumweru yubaka moteri, ikinyamakuru cya buri cyumweru cyangwa ikinyamakuru cya Diesel buri cyumweru muri inbox yawe.Uzaba utwikiriye imbaraga zamafarashi mugihe gito!
Hamwe namavuta atandukanye kumasoko kubwoko bwose bwatekerezwa no kugena moteri, nigute ushobora gutandukanya ibi byose hanyuma ugahitamo imwe itanga ibisubizo wifuza?
Nkuko impuguke ya peteroli ituye John Martin (wahoze ari Umuhanga mu bya Lubrizol) yabivuze muri make: Muri za 60 na 70, amavuta yari intego yoroshye.Ubu ibintu biragoye.
Amavuta yimodoka itwara abagenzi (PCMO) yagize impinduka nyinshi mumyaka.Nyamara, ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere y'abakora moteri ni ukugabanuka kugera kuri 800 ppm yinyongera irwanya kwambara izwi nka ZDDP (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate), kubera ingaruka mbi zayo kuri catalitike ihindura.Amavuta yabanjirije amavuta arimo 1200-1500 ppm ZDDP.
PCMO iheruka gushyirwaho igamije kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere no kunoza imikorere ya lisansi.Bagombaga kandi kongera ubuzima bwa catalitike ihindura, ntabwo ari ikibazo kuri moteri yo kwiruka.Ahagana mu 1996, OEM nyinshi yazanye moteri ya OHV hamwe nabayoboke ba roller kugirango bagabanye ibikenerwa byongeweho kurwanya anti-kwambara.Kugeza icyo gihe, moteri ikora cyane kuva mu ntangiriro ya 90 yashoboraga gukoresha amavuta amwe na moteri yimigabane nta nkurikizi.Uyu munsi, niba ukoresha amavuta yo mumuhanda (API yemewe) mubikorwa byinshi byo hejuru, ntibishobora gutwara umutwaro, cyane cyane mugihe tappet yamashusho yananiwe.
Bitewe na ZDDP yo hepfo muri PCMO, abubatsi bamwe na moteri hamwe na hobbyist bahinduye mazutu hamwe nibitekerezo byiyongera.Icyakora, abahanga baraburira ko 1200 ppm (iboneka muri lisansi ya mazutu) ishobora kuba iri hafi yibyo abakora moteri bakeneye.Abenshi mu basiganwa ku maguru barashobora gukoresha lisansi ya mashini ikora.Ariko niba ushaka gukuramo buri ounce yingufu, ibyiza byawe ni ugukoresha amavuta yagenewe iyo ntego (niho haza gukinirwa amavuta yo kwiruka).
Bimwe mubyongeweho lisansi ya mazutu ifasha kugumya guhagarara neza ntibishobora kuba bibereye mumodoka yo kwiruka kandi birashobora gusiga imbaraga ugereranije namavuta yo kwiruka.Abahanga mu gusiganwa ku mavuta bavuga ko amavuta yabo atanga uburinzi bwiza kuruta amavuta yakozwe na API kandi bigafasha kongera ingufu kuko binagabanya kurwanya imbere (friction).
Imashini iterwa na lisansi (GDI) na moteri ya Turbocharged Direct Injection (TGDI) itera abayikora urugamba rwo gushaka ibisubizo byihuse mbere yo gutwika (LSPI).OEM ikorana nabakora peteroli (API na ILSAC) mugutezimbere ibipimo bishya kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke.Ibyiciro bishya bya API / ILSAC, byiswe GF-6, bizashyirwa ahagaragara muri Gicurasi uyu mwaka, ariko biracyari kure.Ibizamini bitatu bya moteri byagombaga gutezwa imbere kandi ibizamini byose bishaje bigezweho.Moteri yikizamini ikoreshwa mubizamini bishaje yaravuguruwe kugirango ihagararire byinshi mubibera uyu munsi.
Muri byose, hari ibizamini birindwi byibanda kuri GF-6.Hariho ubundi buryo bune bwibizamini bya ASTM byubu III, IV, V, na VI.Ibizamini bitatu bishya birimo ikizamini cya Sequence VI cyavuguruwe kumavuta yujuje ubuziranenge bwujuje ubuziranenge hamwe n'ikizamini cyo kwambara cya Sequence IX kuri LSPI na X.
Ukurikije API, ibizamini byinshi bya GF-5 byarangiye.Hariho ibice byinshi byabigenewe kuri moteri ishaje.Kubwibyo, API nayo igomba kugeragezwa hamwe nibindi bizamini bishya.Urutonde rwa IIIH rwasimbuye urukurikirane rwa IIIG kandi ni ikizamini cya okiside n'imvura.Iki kizamini cyavuguruwe kugirango gikoreshe moteri ya peteroli ya FCA 3.6L 2012 (PFI).Ikizamini cya IIIG cyakoresheje moteri ya GM 3800 V6 yahagaritswe mu 1996.
Ikizamini cya VH gisimbuza VG kandi nikimwe mubizamini bya kera ukoresheje Ford 4.6L V8 yo muri 1994 munsi ya GF-5.Ikizamini cyo gusimbuza kuri ubu kirimo gukoresha Ford 4.6L ya 2013 kugirango isuzume ubushobozi bwayo bwo kurinda ibice bya moteri imyanda na varish.Urukurikirane IVB ni kamera no kwambara ikizamini kuri moteri ya Toyota 1.6L 4-silinderi.Iki kizamini nubundi buryo bwikizamini cya IVA.
Ikimenyetso gishya cya LSPI ukoresheje moteri ya Ford 2.0L GDI EcoBoost, nikizamini gishya cyo kwambara.Ikizamini cyo kwambara cyumunyururu kigena uburyo guterwa no kugabanuka kwa peteroli hamwe no kwanduza amavuta bishobora gutuma kwambara kwinshi.Moteri ya litiro 2.0 nayo izakoreshwa mugupima.
Ikizamini cya peteroli ya Sequence VIE ikoresha moteri ya GM 3.6L ya 2012 aho gukoresha Cadillac ya 2008 2.6L.Iki kizamini gipima uburyo ubukungu bwa peteroli bushobora kunozwa.Ubundi buryo bwiki kizamini (Sequence VIF) bupima ubukungu bwa lisansi mugihe ukoresheje amavuta make.
Kugirango wongere mu rujijo, API / ILSAC yagabanije GF-6 mubice bibiri: GF-6A na GF-6B.GF-6A irahuza nibinyabiziga bikoresha SN PLUS cyangwa ibikoresho byo kubungabunga SN.Ubukonje bwamavuta nkaya ni 0W-20 gusa.Bizibanda ku gukuraho urunigi na LSPI kwambara, kimwe na moteri ya GDI na GTDI iheruka.
Moteri iheruka izagera kure, isaba 0W-16 (ni ukuvuga Toyota na Honda y'ubu).Reenactors igomba kwitondera cyane kuko gukoresha amavuta atari yo bishobora gutera ibibazo mugihe kirekire.Ikimenyetso gishya cya API kizakoreshwa mu kwerekana GF-6B.Ikimenyetso, gisa nkikingira kuruta gakondo ya Starburst API, izaba iri imbere y icupa ryamavuta.
Imwe mu ngorane zerekana uburyo amavuta yo kwiruka agurishwa ku isoko muri iki gihe ni uko abakora moteri n’abasiganwa bagomba guhitamo amasosiyete y’amavuta yizera kuko nta bisobanuro byagereranywa.Ibi ntibishobora guhinduka mugihe gito kuko amavuta yo kwiruka nisoko ryiza ugereranije nubunini bwisoko ryimodoka zitwara abagenzi.Ibizamini bya laboratoire birakenewe kugirango bisobanurwe nkicyiciro.Ibi ubwabyo ntibishoboka mubigo byinshi bya peteroli byamoko.Niba bakorana nka API / ILSAC birashoboka ko bashobora kubikora?Tekereza.
Abahanga baraburira kwirinda kwiruka hejuru ya ppm nkaho ari grail yera, kuko bivuze byinshi cyane.Ingano yimyenda ikoreshwa hamwe nuburinganire bwinyongeramusaruro ni irindi tandukaniro rinini hagati yo gusiganwa namavuta yo mumuhanda.Imyanda isukura moteri yububiko bwa karubone nububiko, nibyingenzi cyane kuri moteri yo mumuhanda ikora inshinge ngufi hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwo gukora.Ariko moteri yo kwiruka ntikeneye isuku cyane kuko ihuha cyane.
Hafi ya 85% byamavuta ya moteri bikozwe muri rimwe cyangwa kuvanga amatsinda atanu yamavuta yibanze.Itsinda rya mbere ryamavuta niryo ryanonosowe kandi rikoreshwa mumavuta asanzwe agororotse.Itsinda rya kabiri rifite umwanda muke kandi rirasukuye cyane.Ikoreshwa mumavuta asanzwe ya multigrade.Itsinda rya III amavuta shingiro ashyirwa mubikorwa kuko arinonosoye.Itsinda rya IV amavuta yibanze ni PAO (polyalphaolefin), mugihe itsinda V arikintu cyose kitagwa mumatsinda ane yambere.
Amavuta menshi yo kwiruka afite amavuta yibanze ya sintetike cyangwa avanze, ariko amavuta yubumara yo mu rwego rwo hejuru nayo arakoreshwa muri iki gihe.Gukoresha amavuta yubukorikori ntabwo byanze bikunze bizamura imikorere, ariko ntabwo byumva ubushyuhe.Nyamara, amavuta yibanze ya sintetike yahinduye amavuta yo kwisiga kugirango agabanye imbaraga za parasitike, zifite akamaro kanini mu gusiganwa.
Ibigize imiti yinyongeramusaruro hamwe nibigize muri rusange nibyingenzi kuruta ubwoko bwamavuta yibanze.Ntushobora gucira urubanza amavuta ukurikije kimwe cyangwa bibiri.Ibikoresho bya sintetike bituma moteri ikora mubushyuhe bwinshi kandi ikagura intera ihinduka, ariko amavuta yubutare arashobora no gukoreshwa mukwiruka.Amavuta yibanze yibanze yabonye byinshi mumyaka mike ishize.Amavuta ya sintetike arenze amavuta yubushyuhe mubushyuhe bukabije nubukonje bukabije, ariko ntabwo buri gihe ari amahitamo meza.Amavuta yubutare nubusanzwe aribwo buryo buhendutse, cyane cyane iyo uyumisha kenshi.
Nkabatwara nabubatsi ba moteri, burigihe dushakisha uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga na rev.Ariko, kongera imbaraga na rpm nabyo byongera umutwaro kuri firime yamavuta amavuta agomba gufata hagati yibyuma.Isosiyete ikora amavuta yo gusiganwa itegura amavuta ashobora gutwara imitwaro myinshi kuri firime yoroheje kurusha mbere hose.Byashizweho kugirango bikemure imitwaro iremereye nta kongera kwambara, nikibazo kinini.Ntabwo dushyigikiye ikirango kimwe cyangwa ikindi hano, ariko ibirango bikora neza bifite uburambe nibizamini kugirango bigaragaze ko bakora ibyo bagomba gukora.
Inganda zo gusiganwa n’imodoka ziracyari ndende kuva muri 60 na 70 (benshi bita iminsi yicyubahiro).Nkuko ibintu byose uhereye kumenyo yinyo yacu kugeza kuri terefone bigenda bigorana, byibura amavuta ya moteri ntabwo azana na porogaramu.EB