Ibirombe bigenda byiyongera buri mwaka - m 30, nkuko raporo z’inganda zibitangaza.
Nkuko ubujyakuzimu bwiyongera, niko hakenerwa guhumeka no gukonja, kandi Howden arabizi kuburambe bwo gukorana na mine ndende muri Afrika yepfo.
Howden yashinzwe mu 1854 na James Howden muri Scotland nk'isosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’inyanja kandi yinjira muri Afurika y'Epfo mu myaka ya za 1950 kugira ngo akenure ibikenerwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro n'amashanyarazi.Mu myaka ya za 1960, isosiyete yafashije guha ibirombe bya zahabu byimbitse mu gihugu hamwe na sisitemu zose zo guhumeka no gukonjesha zikenewe kugira ngo hacukurwe amabuye y'agaciro mu butaka neza kandi neza.
Teunes Wasserman, ukuriye ishami rya Howden's Mine Cooling and Compressors, yabwiye IM ati: "Mu ikubitiro, ikirombe cyakoreshaga gusa guhumeka nk'uburyo bwo gukonjesha, ariko uko ubujyakuzimu bwiyongereye, hasabwa gukonjesha imashini kugira ngo yishyure imitwaro y’ubushyuhe yariyongereye muri iki kirombe."
Ibirombe byinshi bya zahabu muri Afurika yepfo byashyizeho ubukonje bwa Freon ™ centrifugal hejuru no munsi yubutaka kugirango bitange ubukonje bukenewe kubakozi bo mubutaka nibikoresho.
Wasserman yavuze ko nubwo ibintu byari byifashe neza, sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bw’imashini yo mu kuzimu byagaragaye ko iteye ikibazo, kubera ko ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha imashini bwari bugarukira ku bushyuhe ndetse n’umwuka mwinshi uhari.Muri icyo gihe, ubwiza bw’amazi yateje ikosa rikomeye ry’imyanya ndangagitsina ya shell-na tube ikoreshwa muri ziriya chiller za centrifugal kare.
Kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke, ibirombe byatangiye kuvoma umwuka ukonje hejuru y’ubutaka.Mugihe ibi byongera ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha, ibikorwa remezo nkenerwa bifata umwanya muri silo kandi inzira ni imbaraga nimbaraga nyinshi.
Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, ibirombe bifuza kugabanya umubare w’umwuka ukonje wazanywe mu butaka ukoresheje amashanyarazi akonje.
Ibi byatumye Howden ashyiraho ibicurane bya amino screw muri mine yo muri Afrika yepfo, ubanza bikurikiranye nyuma yo gukonjesha hejuru ya centrifugal.Ibi byatumye habaho impinduka mu ntera ya coolant ishobora gutangwa muri ibyo birombe bya zahabu byimbitse, bigatuma igabanuka ry’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bw’amazi kuva kuri 6-8 ° C kugeza kuri 1 ° C.Ikirombe kirashobora gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bimwe na bimwe bya minisiteri, ibyinshi bimaze gushyirwaho, mugihe byongera cyane ubukonje bwatanzwe mubice byimbitse.
Hafi yimyaka 20 nyuma yo kwishyiriraho WRV 510, Howden, umukinnyi wambere wambere mumasoko murwego, yateje imbere WRV 510, compressor nini yo guhagarika imashini ifite rotor ya 510.Nimwe mumashanyarazi manini manini ku isoko muri kiriya gihe kandi ahuza ubunini bwa chiller module yari ikenewe kugirango akonje ibyo birombe byimbitse byo muri Afrika yepfo.
Wasserman yagize ati: "Uyu ni umukino uhindura umukino kuko ibirombe bishobora gushyiramo imashini imwe ya MW 10-12 mu mwanya wa chiller."Ati: "Muri icyo gihe kimwe, ammonia nka firigo y'icyatsi ikwiranye no guhuza imashini zogosha imashini hamwe no guhanahana amasahani."
Ibitekerezo bya Amoniya byashyizwe ahagaragara mubipimo ngenderwaho n'umutekano wa ammonia mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, Howden yagize uruhare runini mugushushanya.Baravuguruwe kandi binjizwa mu mategeko yo muri Afurika yepfo.
Iyi ntsinzi igaragazwa n’ishyirwaho rya MW zirenga 350 z’ubukonje bwa amoniya n’inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro muri Afurika y'Epfo, zifatwa nk'izinini ku isi.
Ariko udushya twa Howden muri Afurika y'Epfo ntitwagarukiye aho: mu 1985 isosiyete yongeyeho imashini ya barafu ku bipimo byayo bikonjesha.
Nkuko uburyo bwo gukonjesha hejuru no munsi y'ubutaka ari byinshi cyangwa bifatwa ko bihenze cyane, ibirombe bikenera igisubizo gishya cyo gukonjesha kugirango turusheho kwagura ubucukuzi kugera ku ntera ndende.
Howden yashyizeho uruganda rwayo rwa mbere rukora urubura (urugero hepfo) mu 1985 muri EPM (East Rand Proprietary Mine) iburasirazuba bwa Johannesburg, rukaba rufite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha bwa nyuma bwa MW 40 na barafu ya 4320 t / h.
Ishimikiro ryiki gikorwa ni ugukora urubura hejuru no kuwujyana mu kirombe kugera ku rugomero rw’ibarafu, aho amazi ava ku rugomero rwa barafu noneho azenguruka muri sitasiyo ikonjesha munsi cyangwa agakoreshwa nkamazi yo gutunganya amariba.Urubura rushonga noneho rusubizwa inyuma.
Inyungu nyamukuru yiyi sisitemu ya icemaker nigabanuka ryibiciro byo kuvoma, bigabanya amafaranga yo gukora ajyanye na sisitemu y'amazi akonje hejuru ya 75-80%.Wasserman yagize ati: "Iva ku" mbaraga zo gukonjesha zabitswe mu cyiciro cy’amazi, "asobanura ko 1kg / s ya barafu ifite ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha kimwe na 4.5-5kg / s y'amazi akonje.
Bitewe n "" uburyo bwiza bwo guhagarara neza ", urugomero rwubutaka rushobora kubungabungwa kuri 2-5 ° C kugirango tunoze imikorere yubushyuhe bwa sitasiyo yo gukonjesha ikirere, byongere imbaraga zo gukonjesha.
Iyindi nyungu y’akamaro k’uruganda rukora urubura muri Afurika yepfo, igihugu kizwiho kuba gifite amashanyarazi adahungabana, ni ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gukoreshwa nkuburyo bwo kubika ubushyuhe, aho urubura rurema kandi rukarundarunda mu ngomero z’ibarafu zo mu kuzimu no mu gihe cy’impinga..
Inyungu ya nyuma yatumye hajyaho umushinga w’ubufatanye n’inganda zatewe inkunga na Eskom aho Howden arimo gukora iperereza ku ikoreshwa ry’abakora urubura kugira ngo bagabanye ingufu z’amashanyarazi, hamwe n’ibizamini byabereye i Mponeng na Moab Hotsong, mu birombe by’ubutaka byimbitse ku isi.
Wasserman yabisobanuye agira ati: “Twahagaritse urugomero nijoro (nyuma y'amasaha) kandi dukoresha amazi n'urubura rushonga nk'isoko yo gukonjesha ikirombe mu masaha yo hejuru.”“Ibice bikonjesha shingiro bizimya mu gihe cyo hejuru, bigabanya umutwaro kuri gride.”
Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya mashini ya icekey i Mponeng, aho Howden yarangirije imirimo irimo ibikoresho bya gisivili, amashanyarazi nubukanishi bwa MW 12, 120 t / h imashini ya barafu.
Ibintu byiyongereyeho mubikorwa byingenzi byo gukonjesha Mponeng birimo urubura rworoshye, amazi akonje hejuru, ubukonje bwo mu kirere (BACs) hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha munsi.kuba mu mazi yanjye yubushyuhe bwinshi bwumunyu ushonga hamwe na chloride mugihe cyakazi.
Avuga ko ubunararibonye bwa Afurika y'Epfo kandi bwibanda ku bisubizo, atari ibicuruzwa gusa, bukomeje guhindura uburyo bwo gukonjesha ku isi hose.
Nkuko Wasserman yabivuze, uko ibirombe byinshi bigenda byimbitse kandi bigahinduka umwanya munini mu birombe, biroroshye kubona ibisubizo nkibi biboneka mu bindi bice byisi.
Meinhardt yagize ati: “Howden amaze imyaka mirongo yohereza muri Afurika y'Epfo ikoranabuhanga ryayo rikonjesha amabuye y'agaciro.Kurugero, twatanze ibisubizo byo gukonjesha amabuye y'agaciro yo munsi y'ubutaka muri Nevada mu myaka ya za 90.
“Ikoranabuhanga rishimishije rikoreshwa mu birombe bimwe na bimwe byo muri Afurika y'Epfo ni ukubika urubura rw'ubushyuhe bwo kohereza imitwaro - ingufu z'ubushyuhe zibikwa mu ngomero nini.Urubura rukorwa mu masaha yo hejuru kandi rugakoreshwa mu masaha yo hejuru ”.Ati: “Ubusanzwe, firigo zagenewe ubushyuhe ntarengwa bw’ibidukikije bushobora kugera ku masaha atatu ku munsi mu gihe cyizuba.Ariko, niba ufite ubushobozi bwo kubika ingufu zikonje, urashobora kugabanya ubwo bushobozi. ”
Ati: "Niba ufite gahunda ifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyane kandi ukaba ushaka kuzamura ibiciro bihendutse mugihe kitari cyiza, ibi bisubizo byo gukora urubura birashobora gukora ikibazo gikomeye mubucuruzi".Ati: “Umurwa mukuru wa mbere w'uruganda urashobora kugabanya amafaranga make yo gukora.”
Muri icyo gihe, BAC, imaze imyaka mirongo ikoreshwa mu birombe bya Afurika y'Epfo, igenda irushaho kugira akamaro ku isi.
Ugereranije n'ibishushanyo bya BAC gakondo, ibisekuru bigezweho bya BAC bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi burenze kubababanjirije, imipaka yubushyuhe bwo mu kirere munsi yikirenge gito.Bahuza kandi gukonjesha-kubisabwa (CoD) module ya Howden Ventsim CONTROL, ihita ihindura ubushyuhe bwikirere bwa cola kugirango ihuze ibikenewe munsi yubutaka.
Umwaka ushize, Howden yashyikirije BACs ibisekuru bitatu bishya kubakiriya muri Berezile na Burkina Faso.
Isosiyete irashobora kandi gutanga ibisubizo byabigenewe kubikorwa bigoye;urugero ruheruka nugushiraho 'idasanzwe' yo gukonjesha BAC ammonia ya OZ Minerals ku kirombe cya Carrapateena muri Ositaraliya yepfo.
Wasserman yagize ati: "Howden yashyizeho kondereseri yumye hamwe na compressor ya Howden ammonia hamwe na firimu zumye zifunze muri Ositaraliya mugihe nta mazi ahari."Ati: “Urebye ko iki ari igikoresho cyumye kandi kidafungura imashini zikoreshwa mu gutera amazi, izo firimu zagenewe gukora neza.”
Kugeza ubu iyi sosiyete iragerageza gukemura ikibazo cyo gukurikirana igihe cya MW 8 ku ruganda rwa BAC (ku ishusho hepfo) yateguwe kandi yubatswe ku kirombe cya Yaramoko Fortuna Silver (cyahoze cyitwa Roxgold) muri Burkinafaso.
Sisitemu igenzurwa n’uruganda rwa Howden i Johannesburg, yemerera isosiyete gutanga inama kubijyanye no kunoza imikorere no kuyitunganya kugirango uruganda rukore neza.Igice cya BAC mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya Caraiba muri Ero Copper, Burezili nacyo cyagenewe gukoresha iyi miterere.
Ihuriro rya Mine Mine Ventilation Solutions (TMVS) rikomeje kubaka umubano urambye wongerewe agaciro kandi isosiyete izatangiza ubushakashatsi bubiri bwa Ventilation On Demand (VoD) mu gihugu mu 2021.
Kuruhande rwumupaka wa Zimbabwe, isosiyete ikora umushinga uzafasha amashusho-asabwa kumiryango yikora mumabuye yubutaka, abemerera gukingura mugihe gitandukanye kandi agatanga urugero rukwiye rwumuyaga ukonje bitewe nibikenewe byimodoka.
Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga, ukoresheje ibikorwa remezo bihari byubucukuzi hamwe namakuru aturuka hanze, bizaba igice cyingenzi mubicuruzwa bya Howden.
Ubunararibonye bwa Howden muri Afurika yepfo: Wige uburyo bwo gutegura ibisubizo bikonje kugirango uhangane n’amazi mabi mu birombe byimbitse bya zahabu, uburyo bwo kubishakira ibisubizo nk’ingufu zishoboka zose kugirango wirinde ibibazo bya gride, nuburyo bwo kuzuza bimwe mubisabwa ubuziranenge bw’ikirere.ubushyuhe hamwe nubuzima bwakazi busabwa kwisi yose Amabwiriza - azakomeza kwishyura ibirombe byisi.
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