Umuhengeri wo hejuru wumupira mwiza ni uwuhe? Umuvuduko mwinshi wumupira wumupira nigikoresho cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bwinganda kubintu no gushushanya neza. Imyanya mubikorwa byogukora isuku ikoreshwa mubice bibiri byingenzi byokoreshwa:
Ibi bikoreshwa muri "sisitemu yo gushyigikira" nko gutunganya isuku yo kwisukura no kugenzura ubushyuhe.Mu nganda zimiti, imipira yumupira ntishobora gukoreshwa mubisabwa cyangwa inzira zishobora guhura nibicuruzwa byanyuma.
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa mu nganda zifite agaciro keza cyane? Uruganda rwa farumasi rukura ibipimo ngenderwaho byatoranijwe biva mu masoko abiri:
ASME / BPE-1997 ni inyandiko ngenderwaho igenda ihinduka ikubiyemo igishushanyo mbonera n’imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho mu nganda z’imiti.Iyi ngingo ngenderwaho igenewe gushushanya, ibikoresho, kubaka, kugenzura no kugerageza ubwato, imiyoboro hamwe n’ibikoresho bifitanye isano na pompe, indangagaciro na fitingi zikoreshwa mu nganda zikomoka ku binyabuzima. yo gutera inshinge (WFI), Isuku isukuye, ultrafiltration, kubika ibicuruzwa hagati hamwe na centrifuges. ”
Uyu munsi, inganda zishingiye kuri ASME / BPE-1997 kugirango hamenyekane ibishushanyo mbonera byumupira kubicuruzwa bitavuzwe. Ibice byingenzi bikubiye mubisobanuro ni:
Imyanya ikunze gukoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gutunganya ibinyabuzima harimo imipira yumupira, imipira ya diaphragm, hamwe na cheque ya valve.Iyi nyandiko yubuhanga izagarukira gusa kubiganiro byumupira.
Kwemeza ni inzira igenga igamije kwemeza ko umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa byatunganijwe cyangwa byakozwe. Porogaramu yerekana gupima no kugenzura ibice byubukanishi, igihe cyo gukora, ubushyuhe, igitutu nibindi bihe. Iyo sisitemu nibicuruzwa bya sisitemu bigaragaye ko bisubirwamo, ibice byose nibisabwa bifatwa nkibyemewe.Nta mpinduka zishobora gukorwa kuri "pack" yanyuma (sisitemu nuburyo bukoreshwa) nta gusubiramo.
Hariho kandi ibibazo bijyanye no kugenzura ibintu.Kuri MTR (Raporo yikizamini cyibikoresho) ni amagambo yavuzwe nuwakoze uruganda rwerekana abakinnyi bakina kandi akanagenzura ko byaturutse kumurongo wihariye mugikorwa cyo gukina.Uru rwego rwo gukurikiranwa rwifuzwa mubikorwa byose byingenzi byogukora amazi mumashanyarazi menshi.Imibande yose itangwa mubikorwa bya farumasi igomba kuba ifatanye na MTR.
Abakora ibikoresho byicaro batanga raporo yibihimbano kugirango barebe ko bubahiriza amabwiriza ya FDA. (FDA / USP Icyiciro cya VI) Ibikoresho byicaro byemewe birimo PTFE, RTFE, Kel-F na TFM.
Ultra High Purity (UHP) ni ijambo rigamije gushimangira ko hakenewe ubuziranenge bukabije cyane.Iyi ni ijambo rikoreshwa cyane ku isoko rya semiconductor aho hasabwa umubare ntarengwa w’ibice bito mu mugezi w’amazi.
Inganda za semiconductor zikura ibishushanyo mbonera bya valve bivuye mu ikusanyamakuru ryayobowe nitsinda rya SemaSpec. Umusaruro wa wafer wa microchip urasaba gukurikiza byimazeyo amahame kugirango ukureho cyangwa ugabanye kwanduza uduce duto, kurenga nubushuhe.
Ubusanzwe SemaSpec irambuye inkomoko yo kubyara ibice, ingano yingirakamaro, isoko ya gaze (binyuze mu giterane cyoroheje cya valve), gupima helium yamenetse, hamwe nubushuhe imbere no hanze yumupaka wa valve.
Imipira yumupira yerekanwe neza mubikorwa bikomereye.Bimwe mubyingenzi byingenzi byiki gishushanyo birimo:
Gukanika imashini - Ubuso busize, gusudira hamwe nubuso bukoreshwa bifite imiterere itandukanye iyo urebye munsi yikirahure kinini. Gukoresha imashini bigabanya imisozi yose, ibinogo nibitandukaniro kuburyo bumwe.
Imashini ya mashini ikorwa kubikoresho bizunguruka ukoresheje abrasive ya alumina. Gukora imashini birashobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ibikoresho byamaboko ahantu hanini cyane, nka reakteri hamwe nubwato buhari, cyangwa nibisubirwamo byikora kumiyoboro cyangwa ibice byigituba. Urukurikirane rwa grit polish rushyirwa mubikorwa bikurikiranye neza kugeza igihe byifuzwa bikarangiye cyangwa ubukana bwubuso bugerwaho.
Electropolishinge ni ugukuraho amakosa ya microscopique hejuru yicyuma hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa electrochemic.Bivamo ubusanzwe muri rusange cyangwa ubworoherane bwubuso, iyo urebye munsi yikirahure kinini, bigaragara nkibidafite akamaro.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda mubisanzwe birwanya ruswa bitewe nubunini bwa chromium (mubusanzwe 16% cyangwa birenga mubyuma bidafite ingese) .Electropolising yongerera imbaraga zo kurwanya kamere kuko inzira ishonga ibyuma byinshi (Fe) kuruta chromium (Cr) .Ibyo bisiga urwego rwinshi rwa chromium hejuru yicyuma kitagira umwanda. (Passivation)
Igisubizo cyibikorwa byose byo gusya ni ugushiraho ubuso "bworoshye" busobanurwa nkikigereranyo cyo hagati (Ra) .Kurikije ASME / BPE;“Amashanyarazi yose agomba kugaragarira muri Ra, microinches (m-in), cyangwa micrometero (mm).”
Ubuso bwubuso busanzwe bupimwa na profilometero, igikoresho cyikora gifite uburyo bwa stylus-buryo bwo kwisubiraho. Stylus inyuzwa hejuru yicyuma kugirango ipime uburebure bwimisozi nuburebure bwikibaya. Impuzandengo yimisozi miremire hamwe nuburebure bwikibaya noneho bigaragazwa nkimpuzandengo yikigereranyo, bikagaragazwa miriyoni ya santimetero imwe cyangwa microinches, bakunze kwita Ra.
Isano iri hagati yubuso bunoze kandi busize, umubare wibinyampeke bikabije hamwe nubuso bukabije (mbere na nyuma ya electropolishing) byerekanwe kumeza hepfo. (Kubikomoka kuri ASME / BPE, reba Imbonerahamwe SF-6 muriyi nyandiko)
Micrometero ni igipimo rusange cyiburayi, kandi sisitemu ya metric ihwanye na microinches. Microinch imwe ihwanye na micrometero zigera kuri 40. Urugero: Kurangiza bisobanuwe nka micron 0.4 Ra bingana na santimetero 16 Ra.
Bitewe nuburyo bworoshye bwimiterere yumupira wumupira, iraboneka byoroshye mubyicaro bitandukanye, kashe hamwe nibikoresho byumubiri. Kubwibyo, imipira yumupira ikorwa kugirango ikemure amazi akurikira:
Inganda zikomoka ku binyabuzima zihitamo gushyiraho "sisitemu zifunze" igihe cyose bishoboka. Umuyoboro mugari wa Tube Hanze ya Diameter (ETO) uhuza umurongo wo gusudira kugira ngo ukureho umwanda hanze y’umupaka wa valve / umuyoboro kandi wongere ubukana muri sisitemu yo kuvoma. Impera za Tri-Clamp (guhuza isuku yisuku) zirashobora kongeramo ibintu byoroshye kandi bigashyirwaho bitagoranye.
Ibikoresho bya Cherry-Burrell munsi yizina rya "I-Line", "S-Line" cyangwa "Q-Line" nabyo biraboneka kuri sisitemu yo hejuru cyane nk'inganda y'ibiribwa / ibinyobwa.
Umuyoboro mugari wa Tube Hanze ya Diameter (ETO) utuma umurongo wo gusudira kumurongo muri sisitemu yo kuvoma.Impande za ETO zifite ubunini bujyanye na sisitemu ya pipe ya pipe (umuyoboro) n'ubugari bwurukuta.Uburebure bwagutse bwakira imitwe ya orbital kandi butanga uburebure buhagije kugirango wirinde kwangirika kashe yumubiri wa valve kubera ubushyuhe bwo gusudira.
Imipira yumupira ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byogutunganya kuberako ihindagurika ryayo.Ibikoresho bya diafragm bifite ubushyuhe buke na serivisi yumuvuduko kandi ntabwo byujuje ubuziranenge bwibikoresho byinganda. Imipira yose irashobora gukoreshwa kuri:
Byongeye kandi, umupira wa valve hagati igice cyakuweho kugirango wemererwe kugera kumasaro y'imbere, ushobora guhanagurwa no / cyangwa gusukurwa.
Kuvoma ni ngombwa kugirango sisitemu ya bioprocessing itunganijwe neza kandi isukuye.Amazi asigaye nyuma yo kuyakuramo ahinduka ikoroni ya bagiteri cyangwa izindi mikorobe, bigatera bioburden itemewe kuri sisitemu. Imbuga aho amazi yubatse ashobora no guhinduka ahantu ho gutangirira ruswa, hiyongereyeho kwanduza kwinshi muri sisitemu isabwa kugirango igabanye igipimo cya sisitemu ya ASME / BPE.
Umwanya wapfuye muri sisitemu yo kuvoma isobanurwa nkigiti, tee, cyangwa kwaguka kuva kumuyoboro munini urenze urugero rwa diameter ya pipe (L) isobanurwa mu ndangamuntu nyamukuru (D) .Umwanya wapfuye ntiwifuzwa kuko utanga ahantu hashobora kwinjirira ibintu bidashobora kugerwaho hifashishijwe uburyo bwo gukora isuku cyangwa isuku, bikavamo ibipimo byinshi hamwe na D / 1.
Ibyuma bizimya umuriro byateguwe kugirango birinde ikwirakwizwa ry’amazi yaka mugihe habaye umuriro wumurongo.Igishushanyo gikoresha intebe yinyuma yicyuma na anti-static kugirango wirinde gutwikwa. Inganda zikomoka ku binyabuzima no kwisiga muri rusange zikunda kuzimya umuriro muri sisitemu yo gutanga inzoga.
FDA-USP23, Icyiciro cya VI cyemewe cyumupira wintebe ibikoresho birimo: PTFE, RTFE, Kel-F, PEEK na TFM.
TFM ni PTFE yahinduwe muburyo bwa chimique ikuraho itandukaniro riri hagati ya PTFE gakondo na PFA.TFM ishonga nka PTFE ukurikije ASTM D 4894 na ISO Draft WDT 539-1.5. Ugereranije na PTFE gakondo, TFM ifite imitungo yiyongereye ikurikira:
Intebe zuzuyemo ubuvumo zagenewe gukumira iyubakwa ryibikoresho, iyo bifashwe hagati yumupira nu mwobo wumubiri, bishobora gukomera cyangwa ubundi bikabangamira imikorere myiza yumunyamuryango ufunga valve.Imipira yimipira yumupira-mwinshi ikoreshwa muri parike yamashanyarazi ntigomba gukoresha iyi myanya yintebe itabigenewe, kuko icyuka gishobora kubona inzira munsi yicyicaro kandi kikaba ahantu ho gukura kwa bagiteri.
Imipira yumupira iri mubyiciro rusange bya "rotary valves" .Ku bikorwa byikora, ubwoko bubiri bwa moteri burahari: pneumatike nu mashanyarazi. Imikorere ya pnewatike ikoresha piston cyangwa diaphragm ihujwe nuburyo bwo kuzunguruka nka rack na pinion kugirango itange ibizunguruka bisohoka. ve Actuator ”nyuma muri iki gitabo.
Indangagaciro nziza yumupira wuzuye irashobora gusukurwa no gupakirwa kubisabwa BPE cyangwa Semiconductor (SemaSpec).
Isuku yibanze ikorwa hifashishijwe sisitemu yo gusukura ultrasonic ikoresha reagent yemewe ya alkaline kugirango isukure ikonje kandi igabanuke, hamwe na formula idafite ibisigisigi.
Ibice birimo umuvuduko birangwa numubare wubushyuhe kandi biherekejwe nicyemezo gikwiye cyo gusesengura. Raporo yikizamini cya Mill (MTR) yanditswe kuri buri bunini na numero yubushyuhe.Iyi nyandiko zirimo:
Rimwe na rimwe, injeniyeri zitunganya ibintu zikeneye guhitamo hagati ya pneumatike cyangwa amashanyarazi ya sisitemu yo kugenzura inzira.Ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere bufite ibyiza kandi nibyingenzi kugira amakuru aboneka kugirango uhitemo neza.
Igikorwa cya mbere muguhitamo ubwoko bwa actuator (pneumatike cyangwa amashanyarazi) nukumenya isoko yingufu zikoreshwa cyane kuri moteri. Ingingo zingenzi ugomba gusuzuma ni:
Imikorere ifatika cyane ikoresha pneumatike ikoresha umuvuduko wumwuka wa 40 kugeza 120 psi (3 kugeza 8 bar) .Ubusanzwe, ni nini kugirango itangwe ningutu ya 60 kugeza 80 psi (4 kugeza 6 bar) .Umuvuduko mwinshi wikirere akenshi biragoye kubyemeza, mugihe umuvuduko muke wo mu kirere bisaba piston nini cyane cyangwa diaphragm kugirango ubyare umuriro ukenewe.
Imashanyarazi ikoreshwa mubisanzwe ifite ingufu 110 VAC, ariko irashobora gukoreshwa na moteri zitandukanye za AC na DC, zombi hamwe nicyiciro cya gatatu.
igipimo cy'ubushyuhe.Ibikoresho byombi bya pneumatike n'amashanyarazi birashobora gukoreshwa hejuru yubushyuhe bwagutse.Ubushyuhe busanzwe bwubushyuhe bwa pneumatike ni -4 kugeza 1740F (-20 kugeza 800C), ariko burashobora kwagurwa kugeza kuri -40 kugeza kuri 2500F (-40 kugeza 1210C) hamwe na kashe itabigenewe, ibifata hamwe nibisigazwa. mubisabwa byose. Mubisabwa ubushyuhe buke, ubwiza bwogutanga ikirere kijyanye n’ikime bugomba gutekerezwa.Ikibanza cyimeza nubushyuhe butangirwamo ikirere mu kirere.Icyerekezo gishobora guhagarika no guhagarika umurongo utanga ikirere, bikabuza gukora gukora.
Imashanyarazi ikoresha ubushyuhe buri hagati ya -40 na 1500F (-40 kugeza 650C) .Iyo ikoreshejwe hanze, icyuma gikoresha amashanyarazi kigomba gutandukanywa n’ibidukikije kugira ngo amazi atinjira mu mikorere y’imbere.Niba kondegene ikuwe mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi, kondegene irashobora kuba ikiri imbere, ishobora kuba yarakusanyije amazi y’imvura mbere yo kuyashyiraho. "guhumeka" no guhundagurika. Kubwibyo, ibyuma byose byamashanyarazi kugirango bikoreshwe hanze bigomba kuba bifite ubushyuhe.
Rimwe na rimwe biragoye kwemeza ikoreshwa ryamashanyarazi ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, ariko niba umwuka uhumeka cyangwa pneumatike udashobora gutanga ibiranga imikorere isabwa, imashini zikoresha amashanyarazi hamwe n’amazu yabigenewe arashobora gukoreshwa.
Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda z’amashanyarazi (NEMA) ryashyizeho umurongo ngenderwaho mu iyubakwa n’ishyirwaho ry’amashanyarazi (n’ibindi bikoresho by’amashanyarazi) kugira ngo bikoreshwe ahantu hashobora guteza akaga. Amabwiriza ya NEMA VII ni aya akurikira:
VII Ahantu hateye akaga Icyiciro cya mbere (Gazi iturika cyangwa imyuka) Yujuje amategeko yigihugu y’amashanyarazi kubisaba;yujuje ibisobanuro bya Laboratoire ya Underwriters, Inc. kugirango ikoreshwe na lisansi, hexane, naphtha, benzene, butane, propane, acetone, Atmospheres ya benzene, imyuka ya lacquer solvent na gaze gasanzwe.
Hafi yinganda zose zikoresha amashanyarazi zifite amahitamo ya NEMA VII yujuje umurongo wibicuruzwa bisanzwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibyuma bifata pneumatike ni ibintu bisanzwe biturika biturika.Iyo igenzura ry'amashanyarazi rikoreshwa hamwe na pneumatike ikora ahantu hashobora guteza akaga, akenshi usanga bihendutse cyane kuruta amashanyarazi. Umuyoboro wa pilote ukoreshwa na solenoid urashobora gushirwa ahantu hatabangamiwe kandi ugahuzwa na moteri ikora.Icyerekezo cya NEM - gishobora gushyirwaho icyerekezo cya VEM. uturere bituma bahitamo neza muribi bikorwa.
Impeshyi igaruka.Ibindi bikoresho byumutekano bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa bya valve mubikorwa byinganda nuburyo bwo kugaruka (kunanirwa umutekano). Mugihe habaye imbaraga cyangwa ibimenyetso byananiranye, icyuma cyo kugaruka cyamasoko gitwara valve kumwanya wateganijwe mbere.Iyi nuburyo bwiza kandi buhendutse kubakoresha pneumatike, kandi nimpamvu ikomeye ituma abakora pneumatike bakoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinganda.
Niba isoko idashobora gukoreshwa bitewe nubunini bwa actuator cyangwa uburemere, cyangwa niba hashyizweho ibice bibiri bikora, ikigega cyo gukusanya kirashobora gushyirwaho kugirango kibike umuvuduko wumwuka.