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Kwangirika kwa Microbial (MIC) nikibazo gikomeye mu nganda nyinshi kuko gishobora guteza igihombo kinini mu bukungu.2707 super duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga (2707 HDSS) byakoreshejwe mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja bitewe n’imiti ihanitse y’imiti.Nyamara, kurwanya MIC ntibyigeze bigaragazwa mu bushakashatsi. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, imyitwarire ya MIC ya 2707 HDSS yatewe na bacteri ya Peresike ya Peresine. udomonas aeruginosa biofilm muri 2216E iciriritse, habaye impinduka nziza mubushobozi bwo kwangirika no kwiyongera k'ubucucike bwa ruswa. Isesengura rya X-ray-fotoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ryerekanye ko igabanuka ryibintu bya Cr hejuru yikigereranyo munsi ya biofilm. Isesengura ryerekana ibyobo byerekanaga ko P. aeruginosa biofilm 0. 7 HDSS ntabwo ikingiwe byimazeyo MIC ya biofilm ya P. aeruginosa.
Ibyuma bya Duplex bitagira umuyonga (DSS) bikoreshwa cyane munganda zinyuranye kugirango bibe byiza guhuza imiterere yubukanishi buhebuje hamwe no kurwanya ruswa1,2.Nyamara, ibyobo byaho biracyagaragara kandi bigira ingaruka ku busugire bwibi byuma 3.4.DSS ntabwo irwanya ruswa ya mikorobe (MIC) 5,6.Nubwo ibintu byinshi byangirika bikoreshwa na DSS, haracyari ibidukikije bikoreshwa cyane na DSS, haracyari ibintu byinshi byangiza DSS, haracyari ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa na DSS. .Jeon et al7 yasanze ko ibyuma bya super duplex bitagira ibyuma (SDSS) bifite aho bigarukira mubijyanye no kurwanya ruswa. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ibyuma bya super duplex bitagira ibyuma (HDSS) bifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa birasabwa mubisabwa bimwe na bimwe. Ibi byatumye habaho iterambere rya HDSS ivanze cyane.
Kurwanya ruswa ya DSS biterwa nikigereranyo cya alpha na gamma ibyiciro hamwe na Cr, Mo na W byagabanutse mukarere ka 8, 9, 10 kegeranye nicyiciro cya kabiri. ion irwanya gushingira kumurongo uringaniye urimo hafi 50% ferrite (α) na 50% austenite (γ) ibyiciro, HDSS ifite imashini nziza kandi irwanya cyane DSS13 isanzwe.Indwara ya Chloride. Kurwanya ruswa kwagura kwagura ikoreshwa rya HDSS mubidukikije byinshi byangiza chloride, nkibidukikije byo mu nyanja.
MIC ni ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda nyinshi nka peteroli na gaze hamwe n’ibikorwa by’amazi14.MIC ifite 20% by’ibyangiritse byose15.MIC ni ruswa ya bioelectrochemique ishobora kugaragara ahantu henshi.Biyofilime ikora ku cyuma cy’icyuma ihindura imiterere y’amashanyarazi, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku mikorobe ya mikorobe. cent ubushakashatsi bwa MIC bwerekanye ko EET (ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike idasanzwe) aricyo kintu kigabanya igipimo muri MIC cyatewe na mikorobe mikorobe.Zhang nibindi.18 yerekanye ko abunzi ba electron bihutisha ihererekanyabubasha rya elegitoronike hagati ya selile ya sessificans ya Desulfovibrio nicyuma 304 kitagira umwanda, bigatera igitero gikomeye cya MIC.Enning nibindi.19 na Venzlaff n'abandi.20 yerekanye ko ibinyabuzima byangiza sulfate bigabanya (SRB) biofilm bishobora gukurura electroni mu buryo butaziguye, bikaviramo kwangirika gukabije.
DSS izwiho kwibasirwa na MIC mubidukikije birimo SRB, bagiteri zigabanya fer (IRB), nibindi 21 .Iyi bagiteri itera imyanda ihanamye hejuru ya DSS munsi ya biofilm22,23. Bitandukanye na DSS, MIC ya HDSS24 ntabwo izwi cyane.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ni bagiteri ya gram-negative motile ya bacterium ikwirakwizwa cyane muri kamere25.Pseudomonas aeruginosa nayo ni itsinda rikomeye rya mikorobe mu bidukikije byo mu nyanja, itera MIC ibyuma.28 na Yuan n'abandi.29 yerekanye ko Pseudomonas aeruginosa ifite impengamiro yo kongera igipimo cyangirika cyibyuma byoroheje hamwe na alloys mubidukikije byamazi.
Intego nyamukuru yiki gikorwa kwari ugushakisha imitungo ya MIC ya 2707 HDSS yatewe na bacterium yo mu nyanja ya aerobic Pseudomonas aeruginosa ikoresheje uburyo bwa electrochemicique, tekinike yo gusesengura hejuru yubutaka hamwe nisesengura ryibicuruzwa bya ruswa. 07 HDS.
Imbonerahamwe 1 irerekana urutonde rwimiti ya 2707 HDSS. Imbonerahamwe ya 2 yerekana ko 2707 HDSS ifite imiterere yubukanishi ifite imbaraga zingana na 650 MPa.Figure 1 yerekana microstructure optique yubushyuhe bwumuti wavuwe 2707 HDS.
Igicapo 2a cerekana ubushobozi bwumuzunguruko (Eocp) hamwe nigihe cyo kwerekana amakuru ya 2707 HDSS muri abiotic 2216E hamwe na P. aeruginosa umuyonga wiminsi 14 kuri 37 ° C.Byerekana ko impinduka nini kandi ikomeye muri Eocp ibaho mumasaha 24. Yambere. Indangagaciro za Eocp muribibazo byombi zigeze kuri mV -145 (SCE) hafi ya 16V na SCE) zigera kuri 16V na SCE icyitegererezo cya iotic na P, kimwe).Pseudomonas aeruginosa coupons, kimwekimwe.Nyuma yamasaha 24, Eocp ifite agaciro ka 2707 HDSS kuri P. aeruginosa yari ihagaze neza kuri mV -228 (na SCE), mugihe agaciro kajyanye nicyitegererezo kidafite ibinyabuzima cyari hafi -442 mV (na SCE) .Eocp imbere ya P. aeruginosa yari mike.
Igeragezwa rya elegitoroniki ya 2707 HDSS ingero za abiotic medium na Pseudomonas aeruginosa umuyonga kuri 37 ° C:
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Imbonerahamwe 3 irerekana ibipimo byerekana amashanyarazi ya 2707 HDSS yerekana urugero rwa abiotic medium na Pseudomonas aeruginosa yatewe hagati yiminsi 14. Ibimenyetso byimirongo ya anodic na cathodic byimuwe kugirango bigere kumasangano bitanga ubwinshi bwikigereranyo (icorr), ruswa β (ecor).
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 2b, ihinduka ryimbere ryumurongo wa P. aeruginosa ryatumye Ecorr yiyongera ugereranije nu murongo wa abiotic. Agaciro ka icorr, kangana n’igipimo cya ruswa, cyiyongereye kugera kuri 0.328 μA cm-2 mu cyitegererezo cya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, inshuro enye z’icyitegererezo kitari ibinyabuzima (0.087 μA cm-2).
LPR nuburyo bwa kera budasenya amashanyarazi yubushakashatsi bwihuse bwo kwangirika.Yakoreshejwe kandi mukwiga MIC32.Figure 2c yerekana kurwanya polarisiyasi (Rp) nkigikorwa cyigihe cyo kwerekana. Agaciro Rp yo hejuru isobanura kwangirika gake.Mu masaha 24 yambere, Rp ya 2707 HDSS yageze ku gipimo ntarengwa cya 1955 k2 cm2 c irerekana kandi ko agaciro ka Rp kagabanutse vuba nyuma yumunsi umwe hanyuma ntigakomeza guhinduka muminsi 13 iri imbere. Agaciro Rp ka sample ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa ni nka kΩ cm22, kikaba kiri munsi cyane ya 450 kΩ cm2 yicyitegererezo kitari ibinyabuzima.
Agaciro ka icorr kagereranijwe nigipimo kimwe cyo kwangirika.Igiciro cyacyo gishobora kubarwa uhereye kuri Stern-Geary ikurikira,
Gukurikira Zou n'abandi.33, agaciro gasanzwe k'umusozi wa Tafel B muriyi mirimo byafashwe ko ari mV / dec.Figure 2d yerekana ko icorr yicyitegererezo kitari ibinyabuzima 2707 yagumye ihagaze neza, mugihe icyitegererezo cya P. aeruginosa cyahindutse cyane nyuma yamasaha 24 yambere. Indangagaciro za icorr zicyitegererezo cya P. aeruginosa zari zifite gahunda yo kurwanya ubukana burenze urugero.
EIS nubundi buryo budahwitse bukoreshwa mukuranga imiterere ya electrochemic reaction kuri interineti yangiritse.Impedance spectra hamwe no kubara agaciro ka capacitance indangagaciro zagaragajwe nibitangazamakuru bya abiotic hamwe nigisubizo cya Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Rb irwanya firime ya pasiporo / biofilm yakozwe hejuru yikigereranyo, ibipimo bya Rct kwishyiriraho ibiciro bya Cdl byongeye gusesengurwa muguhuza amakuru ukoresheje icyerekezo kimwe (EEC).
Igishushanyo cya 3 cyerekana ibibanza bisanzwe bya Nyquist (a na b) na Bode ibibanza (a 'na b') byintangarugero 2707 HDSS muburyo bwa abiotic hamwe na P. aeruginosa umuyonga mubihe bitandukanye byubushakashatsi. Diameter yimpeta ya Nyquist igabanuka imbere ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Icyiciro cya Bode (Igicapo cya 3b ') cyerekana ubwiyongere bwikigereranyo cyumubyigano. igure 4 yerekana monolayeri (a) na bilayeri (b) ishingiye kumiterere yumubiri hamwe na EEC ihuye nayo.CPE yinjijwe muburyo bwa EEC. Kwinjira no gutambuka bigaragazwa gutya:
Moderi ebyiri zifatika hamwe ninzira zingana zingana kugirango zihuze impedance ya 2707 HDSS:
aho Y0 nubunini bwa CPE, j numubare wibitekerezo cyangwa (-1) 1/2, ω numurongo winguni, na n ni indangagaciro ya CPE itarenze ubumwe35.Ibinyuranyo byo kurwanya ihererekanyabubasha (ni ukuvuga 1 / Rct) bihuye nigipimo cya ruswa. Ω cm2 z'icyitegererezo kitari ibinyabuzima (Imbonerahamwe 4).
Amashusho ya CLSM n'amashusho ya SEM ku gishushanyo cya 5 yerekana neza ko gukwirakwiza biofilm hejuru yikigereranyo cya 2707 HDSS nyuma yiminsi 7 ari mwinshi.Nyamara, nyuma yiminsi 14, ibinyabuzima bya biofilm byari bike kandi selile zimwe zapfuye byagaragaye. Imbonerahamwe 5 irerekana umubyimba wa biofilm kuri 2707 HDSS nyuma yiminsi 7 na 14 ya m2. iminsi. Impuzandengo ya biofilm yuburinganire nayo yemeje iyi nzira.Yagabanutse kuva 22.2 ± 0.7 mm nyuma yiminsi 7 igera kuri 17.8 ± 1.0 mm nyuma yiminsi 14.
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EDS yerekanye ibintu bya chimique muri biofilm nibicuruzwa byangirika kurugero rwerekanwe na P. aeruginosa muminsi 14. Igicapo cya 6 kirerekana ko ibirimo C, N, O, na P muri biofilm nibicuruzwa byangirika biri hejuru cyane ugereranije nibyuma byambaye ubusa, kubera ko ibyo bintu bifitanye isano na biofilm hamwe na metabolite.Microbes ikenera gusa urugero rwa chromium na fer. matrix matrix yatakaje ibintu kubera ruswa.
Nyuma yiminsi 14, gutobora hamwe na P. aeruginosa byagaragaye no hagati ya 2216E. Hagati ya incububasi, ubuso bwikigereranyo bwari bworoshye kandi butagira inenge (Igicapo 7a) .Nyuma yo gukuramo no kuvanaho ibinyabuzima na ruswa, ibyobo byimbitse hejuru yubuso bwasuzumwe munsi ya CLSM, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya burebure bwa metero2. byatewe na Pseudomonas aeruginosa yari 0.52 mm nyuma yiminsi 7 na 0,69 mm nyuma yiminsi 14, hashingiwe ku kigereranyo cy’ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 3 (indangagaciro 10 zimbitse zatoranijwe kuri buri cyitegererezo) zigeze kuri 0.42 ± 0.12 μ mm na 0.52 ± 0.15 μ m
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Igicapo 8 kirerekana XPS yerekanwe yubuso butandukanye, hamwe nibigize imiti yasesenguwe kuri buri buso byegeranijwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 6.Mu mbonerahamwe ya 6, ijanisha rya atome rya Fe na Cr imbere ya P. aeruginosa (ingero A na B) ryari munsi cyane ugereranije n’icyitegererezo cy’ubugenzuzi bw’ibinyabuzima (ingero C na D) .Ku mbaraga za P. aeruginosa zingana na 574. 6.8 eV, ishobora kwitirirwa Cr, Cr2O3, CrO3 na Cr (OH) 3, (Isanamu 9a na b) .Ku ngero zidasanzwe zishingiye ku binyabuzima, urwego rwa Cr 2p rwibanze rurimo impinga ebyiri nyamukuru kuri Cr (573.80 eV kuri BE) na Cr2O3 (575.90 eV kuri BE) ku gishushanyo cya 9c na d. Cr (OH) 3 (BE ya 586.8 eV) munsi ya biofilm.
Mugari XPS yerekana ubuso bwa 2707 HDSS yerekana mubitangazamakuru byombi ni iminsi 7 niminsi 14.
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HDSS yerekana urwego rwo hejuru rwo kurwanya ruswa mubidukikije byinshi.Kim nibindi.2 yatangaje ko UNS S32707 HDSS yasobanuwe nka DSS ivanze cyane ifite PREN irenga 45. Agaciro ka PREN kerekana urugero rwa 2707 HDSS muri iki gikorwa cyari 49.Ibyo biterwa na chromium nyinshi hamwe na molybdenum na Ni urwego rwinshi, bifite akamaro mu guhangana na acide na mikorobe ikabije. amakuru yubushakashatsi muriyi mirimo yerekana ko 2707 HDSS idakingiwe rwose na MIC ya biofilm ya P. aeruginosa.
Ibisubizo by'amashanyarazi byerekanaga ko igipimo cyo kwangirika cya 2707 HDSS mu muyoboro wa P. aeruginosa cyiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara nyuma yiminsi 14 ugereranije n’ibinyabuzima bitari ibinyabuzima. Ku gishushanyo cya 2a, igabanuka rya Eocp ryagaragaye haba mu buryo bwa abiotic ndetse na P. aeruginosa umuyonga mu masaha 24 ya mbere. E. bitewe no gufatira ingirabuzimafatizo za P. aeruginosa no gushinga biofilm.Nyamara, iyo biofilm itwikiriye neza hejuru yikigereranyo, impedance iragabanuka. Urwego rwo gukingira ruterwa mbere na mbere kubera ishingwa rya biofilm na metabolite ya biofilm. kugenzura byari hejuru cyane kurenza agaciro kangana nicyitegererezo cyerekanwe nu muyoboro wa P. aeruginosa.Ikindi kandi, kuburugero rwa abiotic, agaciro ka Rct ya 2707 HDSS yageze kuri 489 kΩ cm2 kumunsi wa 14, kikaba cyikubye inshuro 15 agaciro ka Rct (32 kΩ cm2) imbere ya P. aeruginosa.
Ibisubizo birashobora kandi kugaragara uhereye kumurongo wa polarisiyasi ku gishushanyo cya 2b.Ishami rya anodic ryatewe no gushinga biofilm ya Pseudomonas aeruginosa hamwe na okiside yicyuma.Mu gihe kimwe na cathodic reaction ni igabanuka rya ogisijeni.Kubaho kwa P. aeruginosa byongereye cyane ruswa ya ruswa ya biologiya. SS. birashobora kuba umusanzu muri MIC muriyi mirimo.
Dickinson n'abandi.38 yatanze igitekerezo ko igipimo cyibisubizo bya chimique na electrochemiki bishobora guterwa nigikorwa cya metabolike ya bagiteri ya sessile hejuru yikigereranyo hamwe nimiterere yibicuruzwa byangirika.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5 no mu mbonerahamwe ya 5, umubare w’utugari hamwe n’ububyimba bwa biofilm wagabanutse nyuma yiminsi 14.Ibyo birashobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bwumvikana ko nyuma yiminsi 14, ibyinshi mu ngirabuzimafatizo za sessile kuri sisitemu ya 2707 HDS. 2707 Matrix ya HDSS.Iyi ni imbogamizi yubushakashatsi bwakozwe.
Muri iki gikorwa, biofilm ya P. aeruginosa yateje imbere kugabanuka kwa Cr na Fe munsi ya biofilm ku buso bwa 2707 HDSS (Igishusho 6) .Mu mbonerahamwe ya 6, kugabanuka kwa Fe na Cr mu cyitegererezo D ugereranije n’icyitegererezo C, byerekana ko Fe na Cr byasheshwe byatewe na biofilm ya P. aeruginosa bikomeza kubaho mu minsi 7 ya mbere. awater.Kubaho 17700 ppm Cl- niyo mpamvu nyamukuru yatumye kugabanuka kwa Cr mubyitegererezo byiminsi 7 na 14 byasesenguwe na XP. ms, nkuko byasabwe na Chen na Clayton.
Bitewe no gukura kwa bagiteri, indangagaciro za pH ziciriritse mbere na nyuma yo guhinga zari 7.4 na 8.2, Kubera iyo mpamvu, munsi ya biofilm ya P. aeruginosa, kwangirika kwa acide kama ntigishobora kuba uruhare runini muri iki gikorwa bitewe na pH ugereranije n’ikigereranyo kinini. olic ibikorwa bya P. aeruginosa kandi wasangaga bigira ingaruka zimwe kuri pH mugihe hatabayeho ibizamini.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 7, ubujyakuzimu ntarengwa bwatewe na biofilm ya P. aeruginosa bwari 0,69 mm, bwari bunini cyane kuruta ubw'abiyotike ya abiotic (0.02 μ m) .Ibi bihuye n’amakuru y’amashanyarazi yasobanuwe haruguru. Ubujyakuzimu bwa 0,69 μm burenze inshuro icumi ugereranije na 9.5 μM zerekanwa na DSS ya 220S DSS ntibikwiye kudutangaza, kuko 2707 HDSS ifite chromium ihanitse, itanga passiyo ndende irambye, kubera imiterere iringaniye idafite imiterere yimvura yangiritse, bikagora P. aeruginosa gucika intege no gutangira ubwirakabiri.
Mu gusoza, ibyobo bya MIC byabonetse hejuru ya 2707 HDSS mu muhogo wa P. aeruginosa ugereranije no gutobora bidakwiye mu bitangazamakuru bya abiotic. Iki gikorwa cyerekana ko 2707 HDSS ifite MIC irwanya MIC kurusha 2205 DSS, ariko ntabwo ikingira byimazeyo MIC bitewe na biofilm ya P. aeruginosa.
Coupon ya 2707 HDSS itangwa nishuri rya Metallurgie ya kaminuza y’amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba (NEU) i Shenyang, mu Bushinwa.Ibice bigize 2707 HDSS byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, byasesenguwe n’ishami rishinzwe gusesengura no gupima ibikoresho bya NEU. Ingero zose zashizwe ku gipimo cya 1180 ° C zashyizwe hamwe na santimetero 270 zashyizwe hamwe na sisitemu ya 27S hamwe n’ibiceri bya 27S Agashusho karbide impapuro hanyuma irusheho gusukwa hamwe na 0.05 μm Al2O3 ihagarikwa ryifu.Impande no hepfo birinzwe n irangi rya inert.Nyuma yo gukama, ingero zogejwe namazi ya deionion sterile hanyuma zihindurwamo 75% (v / v) Ethanol kumasaha 0.5.Bari bakumishijwe numwuka munsi yumucyo ultraviolet (UV) mumasaha 0.5 mbere yo kuyikoresha.
Marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa MCCC 1A00099 yaguzwe mu kigo gishinzwe gukusanya umuco w’umuco wa Xiamen (MCCC), mu Bushinwa. . selile ya tonic ikoresheje hemocytometero munsi ya microscope yoroheje kuri 400X yo gukuza.Ikibanza cyambere cyibanze cya planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa ako kanya nyuma yo gukingirwa cyari hafi selile 106 / ml.
Ibizamini bya elegitoroniki byakorewe mu ngirabuzimafatizo ya elegitoroniki itatu ya elegitoronike ifite ubunini buringaniye bwa miriyoni 500. Urupapuro rwa platine hamwe na electrode yuzuye ya Calomel (SCE) byahujwe na reakteri binyuze muri capillaries ya Luggin yuzuyemo ibiraro byumunyu, bikora nka electrode ikora, hashyizweho na electrode ikora kuri santimetero imwe ya elegitoronike. gupima ibipimo by'amashanyarazi, ingero zashyizwe mu gipimo cya 2216E kandi kigakomeza ku bushyuhe buri gihe (37 ° C) mu bwogero bw’amazi.OCP, LPR, EIS hamwe n’amakuru ashobora kuba afite imbaraga za polarisiyasi yapimwe hifashishijwe Autolab potentiostat (Reba 600TM, Gamry Instruments, Inc. sine wave mumurongo wa 0.01 kugeza 10,000 Hz ukoresheje voltage ya mV 5 ikoreshwa kuri Eocp itajegajega. Mbere yuko bishoboka ko habaho gusiba, electrode yari muburyo bwumuzunguruko kugeza igihe agaciro gashobora kwangirika kubusa. Imirongo ya polarisiyasi yakoreshwaga kuva kuri 0.2 kugeza kuri 1.5 V na Eocp kuri scan ya 0.166 mV / s.Ikizamini cyose cyasubiwemo inshuro 3 hamwe na P.
Ibigereranyo byo gusesengura ibyuma byakozwe mu buryo bwa mashini hamwe na 2000 grit wet SiC impapuro hanyuma bigakomeza gusukwa hamwe na 0,05 μm ya Al2O3 ifu yo guhagarika ifu yo kureba neza. Isesengura ryakozwe ryakozwe hakoreshejwe microscope optique. Ingero zashizwemo 10 wt.% Potasiyumu hydroxide yumuti 43.
Nyuma yububikwe, intangarugero zogejwe inshuro 3 hamwe numuti wa fosiferi (PBS) (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) hanyuma ushyirwa hamwe na 2.5% (v / v) glutaraldehyde mumasaha 10 kugirango ukosore ibinyabuzima. firime kugirango itange ubworoherane bwo kwitegereza SEM. Amashusho ya SEM yibanze ku bibanza bifite selile ya P. aeruginosa ya sessile cyane hejuru ya buri cyitegererezo. Kora isesengura EDS kugirango ushakishe ibintu bya shimi. T4334.4-2000 kugirango ukureho ibicuruzwa byangirika na biofilm hejuru yikizamini.
Isanamu ya X-ray yerekana amashanyarazi (XPS, ESCALAB250 sisitemu yo gusesengura hejuru, Thermo VG, USA) isesengura ryakozwe hifashishijwe isoko ya X-ray imwe (umurongo wa aluminium Kα ku mbaraga za eV 1500 na 150 W imbaraga) hejuru yingufu zingana 0 0 mubihe bisanzwe - 1350 eV.
Ingero za incubated zavanyweho kandi zogejwe buhoro hamwe na PBS (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) kuri 15 s45. Kugirango turebe ubuzima bwa bagiteri ya biofilm kuri sample, biofilm yandujwe hakoreshejwe LIVE / DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit (Invitrogen, Eugene, OR, USA) .Ibikoresho bifite florescent diyose ya Diyosezi. yewe. Munsi ya CLSM, utudomo dufite icyatsi kibisi numutuku byerekana selile nzima kandi zapfuye, muburyo bwo gusiga irangi, imvange ya ml 1 irimo 3 μl SYTO-9 na 3 μl PI igisubizo cyashyizwe muminota 20 mubushyuhe bwicyumba (23 oC) mwijimye. gupimwa muburyo bwa 3-D bwo gusikana.
Nigute ushobora gutanga iyi ngingo: Li, H. nabandi.Icyorezo cya mikorobe ya 2707 super duplex ibyuma bitagira umuyonga na marine Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.ubuhanga.Rep.6, 20190;doi: 10.1038 / srep20190 (2016).
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Kim, ST, Jang, SH, Lee, IS & Parike, YS Ingaruka zo gutunganya ubushyuhe hamwe na azote mukurinda gaze mukurwanya ruswa yo kurwanya ruswa ya super duplex idafite ibyuma byangiza.coros.ubwenge.53, 1939–1947 (2011).
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Gito, BJ, Lee, JS & Ray, RI Ingaruka za biofilm zo mu nyanja kuri ruswa: isubiramo rigufi.Electrochim.Ikinyamakuru.54, 2-7 (2008).