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Kuva amaraso atagenzuwe nimwe mubitera urupfu.Kugera kuri hemostasis yihuse bituma ubuzima bukomeza kubaho nkubufasha bwambere mugihe cyintambara, impanuka zo mumuhanda, nigikorwa cyo kugabanya urupfu.Nanoporous fibre-yongerewe imbaraga ya scafold (NFRCS) ikomoka muburyo bworoshye bwo gukora firime ya hemostatike (HFFC) nkicyiciro gikomeza gishobora gutera no kuzamura hemostasis.Iterambere rya NFRCS rishingiye ku gishushanyo cy'ibaba ry'ikiyoka.Imiterere yamababa ya dragonfly igizwe namababa ahindagurika kandi maremare, kandi amababa yibaba arahuzwa kugirango agumane ubusugire bwa microstructure.HFFC itwikiriye kimwe hejuru ya fibre hamwe na firime yuburebure bwa nanometero kandi igahuza ubunini bw ipamba bwagabanijwe (Ct) (icyiciro gitatanye) kugirango ibe imiterere ya nanoporous.Gukomatanya ibyiciro bikomeza kandi bitatanye bigabanya igiciro cyibicuruzwa inshuro icumi ugereranije nibicuruzwa biboneka mubucuruzi.Guhindura NFRCS (tampons cyangwa amaboko) birashobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha imiti.Mu bushakashatsi bwa vivo bwanzuye ko Cp NFRCS yateye imbere itera kandi ikongera inzira ya coagulation kurubuga rusaba.NFRCS irashobora guhindura microen ibidukikije kandi igakora kurwego rwa selire kubera imiterere yayo ya nanoporus bigatuma gukira neza ibikomere muburyo bwo gukomeretsa.
Amaraso atagenzuwe mugihe cyintambara, ibikorwa bidahwitse nibihe byihutirwa birashobora guhungabanya ubuzima bwabakomeretse1.Izi miterere ziganisha ku kwiyongera muri rusange kurwanya imiyoboro y'amaraso ya periferique, biganisha ku ihungabana ry'amaraso.Ingamba zikwiye zo kurwanya amaraso mugihe cyo kubagwa na nyuma yo kubagwa bifatwa nkaho bishobora guhitana ubuzima2,3.Kwangirika kw'imiyoboro minini biganisha ku gutakaza amaraso menshi, bigatuma abantu bapfa bangana na 50% ku rugamba na 31% mugihe cyo kubagwa1.Gutakaza amaraso menshi biganisha ku kugabanuka k'umubiri, bigabanya umutima.Ubwiyongere bwimyanya ndangagitsina ya periferique hamwe no kugabanuka kwa microcirculation bigenda bitera hypoxia mubice bifasha ubuzima.Indwara ya Hemorhagie irashobora kubaho mugihe ibintu bikomeje nta gutabara neza1,4,5.Izindi ngorane zirimo gutera imbere kwa hypothermia na aside aside metabolike, hamwe n'indwara ya coagulation ibuza inzira ya coagulation.Guhungabana bikabije biterwa no guhura n’urupfu 6,7,8.Mu cyiciro cya III (gutera imbere), guterwa amaraso ni ngombwa kugirango abarwayi babeho mugihe cyo kwandura indwara no gupfa nyuma yo kubagwa no gupfa.Kugira ngo dutsinde ibintu byose byavuzwe haruguru byangiza ubuzima, twateje imbere nanoporous fibre-yongerewe imbaraga ya compte scafold (NFRCS) ikoresha polymer ntoya (0.5%) ikoresheje guhuza amazi ya elegitoronike ya polimeri.
Hamwe no gukoresha fibre ishimangira, ibicuruzwa bitanga umusaruro birashobora gutezwa imbere.Fibre itunganijwe neza isa nuburyo bwibaba ryikiyoka, iringanijwe nu murongo utambitse kandi uhagaze kumababa.Imitsi ihindagurika kandi miremire yamababa ivugana na membrane ibaba (Ishusho 1).NFRCS igizwe na Ct ishimangiwe nka sisitemu ya scafold ifite imbaraga zumubiri nubukanishi (Ishusho 1).Bitewe n'ubushobozi n'ubukorikori, abaganga bahitamo gukoresha ipamba y'ipamba (Ct) mugihe cyo gukora no kwambara. Kubwibyo, urebye inyungu zayo nyinshi, harimo> 90% ya selile ya kristaline (itanga mugutezimbere ibikorwa bya hemostatike), Ct yakoreshejwe nka sisitemu ya skeletale ya NFRCS9,10. Kubwibyo, urebye inyungu zayo nyinshi, harimo> 90% ya selile ya kristaline (itanga mugutezimbere ibikorwa bya hemostatike), Ct yakoreshejwe nka sisitemu ya skeletale ya NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, ситывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе> 90% кристаллической ц чюлозы (планаствует в повшенении гемостатической винности) Kubwibyo, ukurikije inyungu zayo nyinshi, harimo> 90% ya kristalline selile (igira uruhare mukwongera ibikorwa bya hemostatike), Ct yakoreshejwe nka sisitemu ya skeletale ya NFRCS9,10.因此 ， 考虑 到 它 的 多重 益处 90> 90% 的 结晶 纤维素 （有助于 增强 止血 t t Ct 被 用作 NFRCS9,10 的 骨架 系统% ， 考虑 到 它 的 多重 益处 ， 包括> 90%Kubwibyo, ukurikije inyungu zayo nyinshi, harimo hejuru ya 90% ya selile ya kristaline (ifasha kuzamura ibikorwa bya hemostatike), Ct yakoreshejwe nkibiti bya NFRCS9,10.Ct yari yometse hejuru (hashyizweho firime ya nano yuzuye) kandi ihujwe no gukora firime ya hemostatike (HFFC).HFFC ikora nka matrigel, ifashe Ct hamwe.Igishushanyo mbonera cyateje impagarara mugice cyatatanye (fibresing fibre).Biragoye kubona nanoporous structure hamwe nimbaraga nziza zubukanishi ukoresheje polymer nkeya.Mubyongeyeho, ntabwo byoroshye guhitamo imiterere itandukanye ya biomedical applications.
Igishushanyo cyerekana igishushanyo mbonera cya NFRCS gishingiye ku miterere y'ibaba ry'ikiyoka (A).Iyi shusho yerekana igereranya ryuburyo bwimiterere yamababa yikiguruka (imitsi ihuza kandi maremare yimitsi yibaba irahujwe) hamwe na fotokopi yerekana amashusho ya Cp NFRCS (B).Igishushanyo cyerekana NFRCS.
NFRCs yatejwe imbere ikoresheje HFFC nkicyiciro gihoraho kugirango gikemure imipaka yavuzwe haruguru.HFFC igizwe na polymers zitandukanye zikora firime zirimo chitosan (nka polymer nkuru ya hemostatike) hamwe na methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) na alcool ya polyvinyl (PVA)) (125 kDa) nka polymer itera inkunga ya trombus.gushingwa.Kwiyongera kwa polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) byongereye ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi ya NFRCS.Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) yongeweho kugirango iteze imbere polymer ihuza imiyoboro ya polymer.Ibintu bitatu bitandukanye bya HFFC hemostatike (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC na Cp HFFC), aribyo chitosan hamwe na MC (Cm), chitosan hamwe na HPMC (Ch), na chitosan hamwe na PVA (Cp), byakoreshejwe kuri Ct.Ibintu bitandukanye muri vitro no mubushakashatsi bwa vivo byemeje ibikorwa byo gukiza no kuvura ibikomere bya NFRCS.Ibikoresho byinshi bitangwa na NFRCS birashobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo uburyo butandukanye bwo gusiba kugirango uhuze ibikenewe byihariye.
Byongeye kandi, NFRCS irashobora guhindurwa nkigitambaro cyangwa umuzingo kugirango utwikire igice cyose cyimvune zo hepfo no mubindi bice byumubiri.By'umwihariko kubikomeretsa ingingo, igishushanyo cya NFRCS gishobora guhindurwa igice cyakiganza cyangwa ukuguru kwuzuye (Ishusho yinyongera S11).NFRCS irashobora gukorwa mumaboko hamwe na kole ya tissue, ishobora gukoreshwa muguhagarika kuva amaraso kubikomere bikabije byo kwiyahura.Intego nyamukuru yacu ni uguteza imbere NFRCS ifite polymer nkeya zishoboka zishobora kugezwa kubaturage benshi (munsi yumurongo wubukene) kandi zishobora gushyirwa mubikoresho byubufasha bwambere.Byoroshye, bikora neza, nubukungu mubishushanyo mbonera, NFRCS ifasha abaturage baho kandi irashobora kugira ingaruka kwisi yose.
Chitosan (uburemere bwa molekile 80 kDa) na amaranth byaguzwe i Merck, mubuhinde.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 na methylcellulose byaguzwe muri Loba Chemie Pvt.LLC, Mumbai.Inzoga ya polyvinyl (uburemere bwa molekuline 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) yaguzwe muri National Chemical, Gujarat.Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 yaguzwe i Molychem, Mumbai, swabs sterile yaguzwe muri Ramaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd, muri Tamil Nadu, hamwe n’amazi ya Milli Q (Sisitemu yo kweza amazi Direct-Q3, Merck, Ubuhinde) nk'ubwikorezi.
NFRCS yakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa lyophilisation11,12.Ibihimbano byose bya HFFC (Imbonerahamwe 1) byateguwe hifashishijwe imashini ikora.Tegura igisubizo cya 0.5% ya chitosan ukoresheje 1% acide acetike mumazi ukomeza kubyutsa 800 rpm kuri stirrer ya mashini.Uburemere nyabwo bwa polymer yapakiwe bwerekanwe kumeza 1 yongewe kumuti wa chitosan hanyuma irabyutsa kugeza igisubizo kiboneye cya polymer.PVP K30 na PEG 400 byongewe kumvange yavuyemo mumafaranga yerekanwe kumeza 1, kandi kubyutsa byarakomeje kugeza igisubizo kiboneye cya polymer kiboneye.Kwiyuhagira kuvamo polymer ibisubizo byakozwe muminota 60 kugirango bikureho umwuka mwinshi wafashwe mumvange ya polymer.Nkuko bigaragara mu gishushanyo cy’inyongera S1 (b), Ct yagabanijwe neza muri buri riba ry isahani 6-iriba (mold) yongerwaho na ml 5 ya HFFC.
Isahani itandatu iriba yashizwe muminota 60 kugirango igere hamwe no gukwirakwiza HFFC mumurongo wa Ct.Noneho uhagarike isahani itandatu iriba kuri -20 ° C mumasaha 8-12.Isahani ya firigo yashizwemo amasaha 48 kugirango ibone uburyo butandukanye bwa NFRCS.Uburyo bumwe bukoreshwa mugukora imiterere nuburyo butandukanye, nka tampon cyangwa tampon ya silindrike, cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bukoreshwa.
Chitosani ipima neza (80 kDa) (3%) ishonga muri acide acetike ya 1% ikoresheje moteri ya rukuruzi.Kubisubizo byavuyemo chitosan yongewemo 1% PEG 400 hanyuma ikangurwa muminota 30.Suka igisubizo cyavuyemo mukibanza cyangwa urukiramende hanyuma uhagarike kuri -80 ° C mumasaha 12.Ingero zakonje zashyizwe mumasaha 48 kugirango zibone Cs13.
NFRCS yateye imbere yakorewe ubushakashatsi hakoreshejwe Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokiyo, Ubuyapani) kugirango hemezwe imiti ya chitosan hamwe nizindi polymers14,15.FTIR yerekanwe (ubugari bwurwego ruri hagati ya 400 na 4000 cm-1) yingero zose zapimwe zabonetse mugukora scan 32.
Igipimo cyo kwinjiza amaraso (BAR) kubisobanuro byose byasuzumwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwasobanuwe na Chen n'abandi.16 hamwe na bike byahinduwe.NFRKs yateye imbere yibigize byose yumishijwe mu ziko rya vacuum kuri 105 ° C ijoro ryose kugirango ikureho ibisigazwa bisigaye.30 mg NFRCS (uburemere bw'icyitegererezo - W0) na 30 mg Ct (kugenzura neza) byashyizwe mu byokurya bitandukanye birimo prima ya citrate ya sodium 3.8%.Mugihe cyagenwe cyagenwe, ni ukuvuga amasegonda 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 na 60, NFRCS yarakuweho kandi hejuru yabyo hasukurwa mumaraso adasukuye ashyira ingero kuri Ct kumasegonda 30.Uburemere bwa nyuma bwamaraso yakiriwe na NFRCS 16 bwasuzumwe (W1) kuri buri mwanya.Kubara ijanisha rya BAR ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
Igihe cyo gutembera kw'amaraso (BCT) cyagenwe nkuko byatangajwe na Wang n'abandi.17.Igihe gikenewe kugirango amaraso yose (maraso yimbeba ashyizwemo na 3.8% sodium citrate) kugirango yambare imbere ya NFRCS yabazwe nka BCT yicyitegererezo.Ibice bitandukanye bya NFRCS (30 mg) byashyizwe mumashanyarazi ya ml 10 ya screw hanyuma ashyirwa kuri 37 ° C.Amaraso (0,5 ml) yongewe kuri vial na 0.3 ml ya 0.2 M CaCl2 yongewemo kugirango amaraso agabanuke.Hanyuma, hinduranya vial buri masegonda 15 (kugeza kuri 180 °) kugeza igihe imyenda ihamye.BCT yicyitegererezo igereranijwe numubare wa flips vail 17,18.Ukurikije BCT, ibice bibiri byiza byahimbwe muri NFRCS Cm, Ch na Cp byatoranijwe kugirango bikomeze ubushakashatsi buranga.
BCT ya Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS yahimbwe no gushyira mubikorwa uburyo bwasobanuwe na Li nabandi.19.Shira 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, na Cs (kugenzura neza) mumasahani atandukanye ya Petri (37 ° C).Amaraso arimo 3.8% ya sodium citrate yavanze na 0.2 M CaCl2 mukigereranyo cya 10: 1 kugirango atangire inzira yo gutembera kwamaraso.20 µl ya 0.2 M CaCl2 ivangwa ryamaraso yimbeba yashyizwe hejuru yicyitegererezo hanyuma igashyirwa mubiryo bya Petri birimo ubusa.Igenzura ryamaraso yamenetse mumasahani ya Petri yubusa nta Ct.Mugihe cyagenwe cyiminota 0, 3, niminota 5, hagarika kwambara wongeyeho ml 10 yamazi ya deionize (DI) kurugero rurimo isahani utabangamiye imyenda.Erythrocytes idashyizwe hamwe (erythrocytes) ihura na hemolysis imbere y'amazi ya deyoniya ikarekura hemoglobine.Hemoglobine mu bihe bitandukanye (HA (t)) yapimwe kuri 540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) ikoresheje UV-Vis yerekanwe.Kwinjiza byimazeyo ya hemoglobine (AH (0)) muri 0 min ya 20 µl yamaraso muri ml 10 yamazi ya deionion yafashwe nkibipimo ngenderwaho.Kwifata kwa hemoglobine (RHA) y'amaraso ya coagile yabazwe uhereye ku kigereranyo cya HA (t) / HA (0) ukoresheje icyiciro kimwe cy'amaraso.
Ukoresheje isesengura ryimiterere (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Kubaka 15, Brookfield, USA), hamenyekanye imiterere ya NFRK kumubiri wangiritse.Kanda ifunguro rya silindrike ifunguye munsi yuruhu rwingurube (udafite ibinure).Ingero (Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS) zashyizwe hakoreshejwe urumogi muburyo bwa silindrike kugirango hafatwe uruhu rwingurube.Nyuma yiminota 3 yubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwicyumba (RT) (25 ° C.), imbaraga zifatika za NFRCS zanditswe ku gipimo gihoraho cya 0.5 mm / sek.
Ikintu nyamukuru kiranga kashe yo kubaga ni ukongera amaraso mugihe ugabanya gutakaza amaraso.Gutakaza igihombo muri NFRCS byasuzumwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwatangajwe mbere hamwe na bike byahinduwe 19.Kora umuyoboro wa microcentrifuge (2 ml) (diameter y'imbere 10 mm) ufite umwobo wa 8 × 5 mm2 kuruhande rumwe rwa centrifuge (byerekana igikomere gifunguye).NFRCS ikoreshwa mugufunga gufungura na kaseti ikoreshwa mugushiraho impande zinyuma.Ongeramo 20 µl ya 0.2 M CaCl2 kumuyoboro wa microcentrifuge urimo 3.8% sodium citrate premix.Nyuma yiminota 10, imiyoboro ya microcentrifuge yakuwe mu masahani kandi ubwiyongere bwubwinshi bwibiryo bwagenwe bitewe n’amaraso ava muri NFRK (n = 3).Gutakaza amaraso Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS byagereranijwe na Cs.
Ubushuhe butose bwa NFRCS bwagenwe hashingiwe kuburyo bwasobanuwe na Mishra na Chaudhary21 hamwe no guhindura bike.Shira NFRCS muri ml 100 ya Erlenmeyer flask hamwe namazi ya ml 50 hanyuma uzunguruke kuri s 60 utiriwe ukora hejuru.Igenzura rigaragara no gushyira imbere ingero zubusugire bwumubiri bushingiye ku cyegeranyo.
Imbaraga zihuza HFFC kuri Ct yizwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwatangajwe mbere hamwe no guhindura bike.Uburinganire bwuburinganire bwasuzumwe no kwerekana NFRK kumuraba wa acoustic (stimulus yo hanze) imbere y'amazi ya milliQ (Ct).Iterambere rya NFRCS Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS ryashyizwe muri beaker yuzuye amazi hanyuma ihabwa 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, na 30 min.Nyuma yo gukama, itandukaniro ryijanisha hagati yuburemere bwambere nubwa nyuma bwa NFRCS yakoreshejwe mukubara ijanisha ryibintu (HFFC).Muri vitro BCT yongeye gushyigikira imbaraga zo guhuza cyangwa gutakaza ibikoresho byo hejuru.Imikorere ya HFFC ihuza Ct itanga coagulation yamaraso hamwe nigitambaro cya elastike hejuru ya Ct22.
Uburinganire bwa NFRCS bwateye imbere bwagenwe na BCT yintangarugero (30 mg) yakuwe mubice rusange byatoranijwe bya NFRCS.Kurikiza uburyo bwa BCT bwavuzwe mbere kugirango umenye NFRCS kubahiriza.Kuba hafi yintangarugero uko ari eshanu bituma habaho ubuso bumwe hamwe na HFFC muri Ct mesh.
Agace gahuza amaraso (NBCA) kagenwe nkuko byavuzwe mbere hamwe na bimwe byahinduwe.Shyira amaraso mu gufunga 20 µl y'amaraso hagati yubuso bubiri bwa Ct, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS na Cs.Nyuma yisaha 1, ibice bibiri bya stent byatandukanijwe kandi bipima intoki agace kambaye.Impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya gatatu yasubiwemo yafatwaga NBCA NFRCS19.
Isesengura Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) ryakoreshejwe mu gusuzuma imikorere ya NFRCS yo gukuramo amazi ava mu bidukikije cyangwa aho yakomeretse ashinzwe gutangiza coagulation.DVS isuzuma cyangwa yandika gufata imyuka no gutakaza mu cyitegererezo cya gravimetricique ikoresheje uburinganire bukabije bwerekana uburemere bwa ± 0.1 µg.Umuvuduko wumwuka wigice (ugereranije nubushuhe bugereranijwe) utangwa nubushakashatsi bwa elegitoronike ikwirakwiza icyitegererezo ukoresheje kuvanga imyuka yuzuye kandi yumye. Nkurikije amabwiriza ya Pharmacopeia yu Burayi, ashingiye ku ijanisha ry’amazi yatanzwe n’ubushakashatsi, ingero zashyizwe mu byiciro 4 (0-0.012% w / w− bitari hygroscopique, 0.2-2% w / w hygroscopique nkeya, 2-15% hygroscopique, na> 15% cyane hygroscopique) 23. Nkurikije amabwiriza ya Pharmacopeia yu Burayi, ashingiye ku ijanisha ry’amazi yatanzwe n’ubushakashatsi, ingero zashyizwe mu byiciro 4 (0-0.012% w / w− bitari hygroscopique, 0.2-2% w / w hygroscopique nkeya, 2-15% hygroscopique, na> 15% cyane hygroscopique) 23.Dukurikije ibyifuzo bya Pharmacopoeia yu Burayi, bitewe nijanisha ryokunywa nubushuhe bwakorewe ingero, ingero zagabanijwemo ibyiciro 4 (0–0.012% w / w - bitari hygroscopique, 0.2-2% w / w hygroscopique nkeya, 2–15%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и> 15% очень гигроскопичен) 23. % mu buryo bushyize hamwe na> 15% cyane hygroscopique) 23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 样品 吸收 水分 的 百分比 ， 样品 4 4根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 样品 分为 -0 0-0.012% W / w- 吸湿 性 、 、 、 、 0.2-2% W / w 轻微 -15 2-15% 适度 吸湿 ，> 15% 非常 吸湿） 23。Ukurikije ibyifuzo bya Pharmacopoeia yu Burayi, ingero zigabanyijemo ibyiciro 4 bitewe nijanisha ryubushuhe bwakiriwe nicyitegererezo (0-0.012% kuburemere - butari hygroscopique, 0.2-2% kuburemere bwa hygroscopique, 2-15% kuburemere).% умеренно гигроскопичен,> 15% очень гигроскопичен) 23. % mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro,> 15% cyane hygroscopique) 23.Imikorere ya hygroscopique ya NFCS X NFCS na TsN NFCS yagenwe kubisesengura DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA.Muri iki gikorwa, igihe cyo kwiruka, ubushuhe bugereranije (RH), hamwe nuburemere bwikitegererezo kuri 25 ° C24 byabonetse.Ibirungo bibarwa nisesengura ryuzuye rya NFRCS ukoresheje ikigereranyo gikurikira:
MC ni ubuhehere bwa NFRCS.m1 - uburemere bwumye bwa NSAIDs.m2 nigihe nyacyo cya NFRCS misa kuri RH yatanzwe.
Ubuso bwubuso bwagereranijwe hakoreshejwe ubushakashatsi bwa azote hamwe na azote yuzuye nyuma yo gusiba ingero kuri 25 ° C kuri 10 h (<7 × 10–3 Torr). Ubuso bwubuso bwagereranijwe hakoreshejwe ubushakashatsi bwa azote hamwe na azote yuzuye nyuma yo gusiba ingero kuri 25 ° C kuri 10 h (<7 × 10–3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощужимента по ад абции азота жидким азотом после о Жожнения оццов при 25 ° С в течение 10 ч (<7 × 10–3 tutр). Ubuso bwubuso bwagereranijwe hifashishijwe igeragezwa rya azote ya azote hamwe na azote yuzuye nyuma yicyitegererezo cyasibwe kuri 25 ° C kuri 10 h (<7 × 10–3 Torr).在 25 ° C 清空 样品 10 小时 （<7 × 10-3 Torr） 后 ， 使用 液氮 的 氮 吸附 实验 估计 总 表面积。在 25 ° C. Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием мовов по ад абции азота жидким азотом после о ожожнения оццов в течение 10 часов при 25 ° C (<7 × 10-3 торр). Ubuso bwubuso bwagereranijwe hifashishijwe ubushakashatsi bwa azote hamwe na azote yuzuye nyuma yicyitegererezo kimaze amasaha 10 kuri 25 ° C (<7 x 10-3 torr).Ubuso bwuzuye, ubunini bwa pore nubunini bwa NFRCS byagenwe hamwe na Quantachrome kuva NOVA 1000e, Otirishiya ukoresheje software ya RS 232.
Tegura 5% RBCs (saline nka diluent) mumaraso yose.Noneho ohereza alikot ya HFFC (0,25 ml) kuri plaque 96-nziza na 5% ya RBC (0.1 ml).Shyiramo imvange kuri 37 ° C muminota 40.Uruvange rw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso atukura na serumu byafatwaga nkigenzura ryiza, hamwe nuruvange rwa saline na selile yamaraso itukura nkigenzura ribi.Hemagglutination yagenwe ukurikije igipimo cya Stajitzky.Ibipimo byateganijwe ni ibi bikurikira: + + ++ + + ipasi yo hepfo yoroheje ifite impande zigoramye;+ Amababi yo hepfo yoroheje afite impande zacitse;+ impeta zitukura zifunguye zizengurutse impande za padi yoroshye;- (negative) discret buto itukura 12 hagati yiziba ryo hepfo.
Hemocompatibilité ya NFRCS yakozwe hifashishijwe uburyo bw’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge (ISO10993-4, 1999) 26,27.Uburyo bwa gravimetric bwasobanuwe na Singh n'abandi.Impinduka nto zakozwe kugirango dusuzume imiterere ya trombus imbere cyangwa hejuru ya NFRCS.500 mg ya Cs, Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS yashyizwe muri saline ya fosifate (PBS) amasaha 24 kuri 37 ° C.Nyuma yamasaha 24, PBS yakuweho hanyuma NFRCS ivurwa hamwe na ml 2 yamaraso arimo citrate ya 3,8%.Ku buso bwa NFRCS, ongeramo 0,04 ml ya 0.1 M CaCl2 kuri sample ya incubated.Nyuma yiminota 45, ml 5 yamazi yatoboye yongewemo kugirango ihagarike.Amaraso ya coagile hejuru ya NFRK yavuwe hamwe na 36-38% yumuti wa fordehide.Imyenda yashizwemo na fordehide yarumye kandi irapima.Ijanisha rya trombose ryagereranijwe mukubara uburemere bwikirahure kitagira amaraso nicyitegererezo (kugenzura nabi) hamwe nikirahure gifite amaraso (kugenzura neza).
Nkibyemezo byambere, ibyitegererezo byerekanwe munsi ya microscope optique kugirango basobanukirwe nubushobozi bwa HFFC butwikiriye, Ct ihuza, na Ct umuyoboro wo gukora imyenge.Ibice bito bya Ch na Cp biva muri NFRCS byashizwemo icyuma cya scalpel.Igice cyavuyemo cyashyizwe kumurongo wikirahure, gitwikiriye igifuniko, kandi impande zashyizwe hamwe na kole.Amashusho yateguwe yarebwaga munsi ya microscope optique kandi amafoto yafashwe murwego rwo hejuru.
Gushyira polymer mu miyoboro ya Ct byagaragaye hakoreshejwe microscopi ya fluorescence ishingiye ku buryo bwasobanuwe n'umuceri n'abandi.29. Ibihimbano bya HFFC byakoreshejwe mugutegura byavanze irangi rya fluorescent (amaranth), kandi NFRCS (Ch & Cp) byateguwe nkuburyo bwavuzwe mbere. Ibihimbano bya HFFC byakoreshejwe mugutegura byavanze irangi rya fluorescent (amaranth), kandi NFRCS (Ch & Cp) byateguwe nkuburyo bwavuzwe mbere.Ibihimbano bya HFFC byakoreshejwe mugutegura byavanze irangi rya fluorescent (amaranth) kandi NFRCS (Ch na Cp) yabonetse hakurikijwe uburyo bwavuzwe mbere.将 用于 配方 的 HFFC 组合 物 与 荧光 染料 （） 混合 ， 并 制备 制备 NFRCS （Ch & Cp）。将 用于 配方 的 HFFC 组合 物 与 荧光 染料 （） 混合 ， 并 制备 制备 NFRCS （Ch & Cp）。Ibihimbano bya HFFC byakoreshejwe mugutegura byavanze irangi rya fluorescent (Amaranth) kandi ryakira NFRCS (Ch na Cp), nkuko byavuzwe haruguru.Ibice bito bya NFRK byaciwe kuburugero rwabonetse, bishyirwa kumurongo wikirahure, hanyuma bipfundikirwa impapuro.Itegereze amashusho yateguwe munsi ya microscope ya fluorescent ukoresheje akayunguruzo kibisi (310-380 nm).Amashusho yafashwe kuri 4x gukuza kugirango yumve umubano wa Ct nububiko bwa polymer burenze mumurongo wa Ct.
Ubuso bwa topografiya ya NFRCS Ch na Cp bwagenwe hakoreshejwe microscope yingufu za atome (AFM) hamwe na cantilever ya TESP ikabije cyane muburyo bwo gukanda: 42 N / m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Tayiwani.Ubuso bwubuso bwagenwe numuzi usobanura kare (RMS) ukoresheje software (Scanning Probe Image Processor).Ahantu hatandukanye NFRCS yatanzwe kumashusho ya 3D kugirango barebe neza ubuso.Gutandukana bisanzwe kumanota kumwanya runaka bisobanurwa nkubuso bukabije.Ikigereranyo cya RMS cyakoreshejwe mukugereranya ubuso bwa NFRCS31.
Ubushakashatsi bushingiye kuri FESEM bwakozwe hakoreshejwe FESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokiyo, kugirango basobanukirwe n’imiterere y’imiterere ya Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS, yerekanaga BCT nziza kurusha Cm NFRCS.Ubushakashatsi bwa FESEM bwakozwe hakurikijwe uburyo bwasobanuwe na Zhao n'abandi.32 hamwe na bike byahinduwe.NFRCS 20 kugeza 30 mg Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS zashyizwemo 20 µl ya 3.8% ya citrate citrate yashizwemo namaraso yimbeba.20 μl ya 0.2 M CaCl2 yongewemo kubushakashatsi bwakozwe namaraso kugirango itangire coagulation kandi ingero zashyizwe mubushyuhe bwicyumba muminota 10.Byongeye kandi, erythrocytes irenze yakuwe hejuru ya NFRCS kwoza saline.
Ingero zakurikiyeho zavuwe na 0.1% glutaraldehyde hanyuma zumishwa mu ziko ryashyushye kuri 37 ° C kugirango zikureho ubuhehere.Ingero zumye zashizweho kandi zirasesengurwa 32.Andi mashusho yabonetse mugihe cyisesengura ni ugusimba kwambaye hejuru ya fibre yumuntu ku giti cye, gushira polymer hagati ya Ct, morphologie ya erythrocyte (imiterere), ubudakemwa bwimyenda, hamwe na morphologie ya erythrocyte imbere ya NFRCS.Uturere twa NFRCS tutavuwe hamwe na Ch na Cp bavuwe ahantu NFRCS yashizwemo namaraso barabisuzumye kuri ion element (sodium, potasiyumu, azote, calcium, magnesium, zinc, umuringa na selenium) 33.Gereranya ibice bya ion kwijana hagati yintangarugero zavuwe kandi zitavuwe kugirango wumve kwirundanya kwa ion mugihe cyo kwibumbira hamwe no guhuza ibitsina.
Ubunini bwubuso bwa Cp HFFC butwikiriye hejuru ya Ct bwagenwe hakoreshejwe FESEM.Ibice byambukiranya Cp NFRCS byaciwe uhereye kumurongo hamwe na sputter.Ingero za sputter zifatika zavumbuwe na FESEM kandi ubunini bwikigero cyo hejuru bwapimwe 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT itanga amashusho akomeye ya 3D idasenya kandi igufasha kwiga imiterere yimbere ya NFRK.Micro-CT ikoresha urumuri rwa X-runyuze mu cyitegererezo kugirango rwandike coefficient ya ligne yaho ya X-ray muri sample, ifasha kubona amakuru yimiterere.Imbere ya Ct muri Cp NFRCS hamwe na Cp NFRCS ivura amaraso yasuzumwe na micro-CT kugirango yumve neza uburyo bwo kwinjiza no gutembera kw'amaraso imbere ya NFRCS37,38,39.Imiterere ya 3D yakozwe namaraso ya Cp NFRCS itavuwe kandi itavuwe yongeye kubakwa hakoreshejwe micro-CT (V | tome | x S240, Phoenix, Ubudage).Ukoresheje VG STUDIO-MAX software ya verisiyo ya 2.2, amashusho menshi ya X-ray yakuwe muburyo butandukanye (nibyiza 360 ° gukwirakwiza) kugirango atezimbere amashusho ya 3D kuri NFRCS.Ikusanyamakuru ryakusanyirijwe hamwe ryongeye gushyirwaho mumashusho ya volumetric ya 3D ukoresheje software yoroshye ya 3D ScanIP Academic software.
Byongeye kandi, kugirango twumve ikwirakwizwa ryimyanya, 20 µl yamaraso yatanzwe mbere na 20 µl ya 0.2 M CaCl2 yongewe muri NFRCS kugirango batangire gutembera kw'amaraso.Ingero zateguwe zisigaye gukomera.Ubuso bwa NFRK bwavuwe na 0.5% glutaraldehyde hanyuma bwumishwa mu ziko rishyushye kuri 30-40 ° C muminota 30.Amaraso yatunganijwe kuri NFRCS yarasuzumwe, arongera arubaka, kandi ishusho ya 3D yerekana amaraso.
Antibacterial assays yakorewe kuri Cp NFRCS (byiza ugereranije na Ch NFRCS) ukoresheje uburyo bwasobanuwe mbere hamwe no guhindura bike.Igikorwa cya antibacterial ya Cp NFRCS na Cp HFFC cyagenwe hifashishijwe mikorobe eshatu zitandukanye zipimisha [S.aureus (bagiteri-nziza ya bagiteri), E.coli (bacteri za gram-negative) na Candida yera (C.albicans)] ikurira kuri agar mu biryo bya Petri muri incubator.Gutera icyarimwe ml 50 yumuco wa bagiteri uhindagurika uhagaritse kuri 105-106 CFU ml-1 kurwego rwa agar.Suka igikoresho mu isahani ya Petri hanyuma ureke gikomere.Iriba ryakozwe hejuru yisahani ya agar kugirango yuzuze HFFC (amariba 3 ya HFFC na 1 yo kugenzura nabi).Ongeramo 200 µl HFFC ku mariba 3 na 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS ku iriba rya 4.Kurundi ruhande rwibiryo bya petri, shyira disiki ya mm 12 Cp NFRCS kuri agar ikomeye kandi ubyibushye hamwe na PBS (pH 7.4).Ibinini bya Ciprofloxacin, ampisilline na fluconazole bifatwa nkibipimo ngenderwaho kuri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli na Candida albicans.Gupima akarere kabujijwe intoki kandi ufate ishusho ya sisitemu ya zone yo kubuza.
Nyuma yo kwemezwa n’imyitwarire y’inzego, ubushakashatsi bwakorewe mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi n’Ubushakashatsi rya Kasturba i Manipal, Karnataka, mu majyepfo y’Ubuhinde.Muri vitro TEG protocole protocole yasuzumwe kandi yemezwa na komite ishinzwe imyitwarire yikigo cyubuvuzi cya Kasturba, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Ibintu byashakishijwe mu batanga amaraso ku bushake (bafite imyaka 18 kugeza 55) muri banki yamaraso yibitaro.Byongeye kandi, urupapuro rwabemereye rwabonetse kubakorerabushake kugirango bakusanye amaraso.Kavukire ya TEG (N-TEG) ​​yakoreshejwe mu kwiga ingaruka ziterwa na Cp HFFC kumaraso yose yashizwemo na citrate ya sodium.N.Isesengura rya N-TEG ryakozwe hakoreshejwe amaraso yose.Uruhushya rubimenyeshejwe hamwe namateka yubuvuzi yabonetse kubitabiriye amahugurwa bose.Ubushakashatsi ntabwo bwarimo abahugurwa bafite ibibazo bya hemostatike cyangwa trombotique nko gutwita / kubyara cyangwa indwara y'umwijima.Ibintu bifata ibiyobyabwenge bigira ingaruka kuri coagulation cascade nabyo ntibyashyizwe mubushakashatsi.Ibizamini by'ibanze bya laboratoire (hemoglobine, igihe cya prothrombine, tromboplastine ikora na platelet ibara) byakorewe abitabiriye amahugurwa bose bakurikije inzira zisanzwe.N-TEG igena imitsi y'amaraso viscoelasticitike, imiterere yambere yimitsi, imikoranire yimitsi, gukomera kwimyanya, hamwe na lysis.Isesengura rya N-TEG ritanga ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe numubare ku ngaruka rusange yibintu byinshi bya selile na plasma.Isesengura rya N-TEG ryakozwe kumubumbe ibiri itandukanye ya Cp HFFC (10 µl na 50 µl).Kubera iyo mpamvu, ml 1 yamaraso yose hamwe na aside citric yongewe kuri 10 μl ya Cp HFFC.Ongeramo ml 1 (Cp HFFC + citrated maraso), 340 µl ivanze namaraso kuri 20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 irimo ibiryo bya TEG.Nyuma yibyo, ibyokurya bya TEG byapakiwe muri TEG® 5000, Amerika kugirango bipime R, K, alpha, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% byintangarugero zamaraso imbere ya Cp HFFC41.
Muri vivo protocole protocole yasuzumwe kandi yemezwa na komite ishinzwe imyitwarire y’inyamaswa (IAEC), Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Kasturba, Ishuri Rikuru ry’Amashuri Makuru, Manipal (IAEC / KMC / 69/2020).Ubushakashatsi bwose bw’inyamaswa bwakozwe hakurikijwe ibyifuzo bya komite ishinzwe kugenzura no kugenzura ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa (CPCSEA).Byose muri vivo NFRCS ubushakashatsi (2 × 2 cm2) byakorewe ku mbeba za Wistar z'abagore (zipima 200 kugeza 250 g).Inyamaswa zose zamenyekanye ku bushyuhe bwa 24-26 ° C, inyamaswa zashoboraga kubona ubuntu ku biribwa bisanzwe n’amazi ad libitum.Inyamaswa zose zagabanyijwemo amatsinda atandukanye, buri tsinda ryarimo inyamaswa eshatu.Ubushakashatsi bwose bwakozwe hakurikijwe ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa: Raporo yubushakashatsi bwa Vivo 43.Mbere y’ubushakashatsi, inyamaswa zatewe aneste nubuyobozi bwa intraperitoneal (ip) buvanze na mg 20-50 mg ya ketamine (kuri kg 1 yuburemere bwumubiri) na mg 2-10 za xylazine (kuri kg 1 yuburemere bwumubiri).Nyuma yubushakashatsi, ingano yamaraso yabazwe mugusuzuma itandukaniro riri hagati yuburemere bwambere nubwa nyuma bwintangarugero, impuzandengo yabonetse mubizamini bitatu yafashwe nkubunini bwamaraso yicyitegererezo.
Uburyo bwo guca imbeba umurizo bwashyizwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo bwumve ubushobozi bwa NFRCS bwo guhindura amaraso mu ihahamuka, imirwano, cyangwa impanuka yo mu muhanda (icyitegererezo cy’imvune).Kata 50% umurizo ukoresheje scalpel hanyuma ushire mu kirere kuri s 15 kugirango umenye neza amaraso.Byongeye kandi, icyitegererezo cyibizamini cyashyizwe kumurizo wimbeba ukoresheje igitutu (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS).Amaraso na PCT byavuzwe kubigereranyo (n = 3) 17,45.
Imikorere yo kugenzura ingufu za NFRCS kurugamba yakozweho ubushakashatsi ku cyitegererezo cyimitsi itagaragara.Imitsi y'amaraso iragaragara, igacumita hamwe na trocar 24G, hanyuma ikava amasegonda 15.Nyuma yo kuva amaraso atagenzuwe, ikigeragezo gishyirwa ahantu hacukuwe hakoreshejwe igitutu.Ako kanya nyuma yo gukoresha icyitegererezo cyikizamini, igihe cyo kwambara cyanditswe kandi imikorere ya hemostatike yagaragaye muminota 5 iri imbere.Inzira imwe yasubiwemo na Cs na Ct46.
Dowling n'abandi.47 yatanze icyifuzo cyo gukomeretsa umwijima kugirango hamenyekane ubushobozi bwa hemostatike bwibikoresho bya hemostatike mu rwego rwo kuva amaraso.BCT yanditswe kuri Ct ntangarugero (kugenzura nabi), Cs urwego (kugenzura neza), Ch NFRCS, na Cp NFRCS.Suprahepatic vena cava yimbeba yashyizwe ahagaragara ikora laparotomy yo hagati.Nyuma yibyo, igice cya kure cyibumoso cyaciwe hamwe na kasi.Kora incike mu mwijima ukoresheje scalpel hanyuma ureke kuva amasegonda make.Gupima neza Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS icyitegererezo cyashyizwe hejuru yangiritse nta gitutu cyiza kandi BCT yaranditswe.Itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura (Ct) noneho ryashyizeho igitutu gikurikirwa na Cs 30 s47 utavunitse imvune.
Muri vivo ibikomere byo gukiza byakorewe hakoreshejwe urugero rwigikomere cyo gusuzuma ibikomere byo gukiza ibikomere bya NFRCSs yateye imbere.Icyitegererezo cyibikomere bidasanzwe byatoranijwe kandi bigakorwa ukurikije uburyo bwatangajwe mbere hamwe na bike byahinduwe 19,32,48.Inyamaswa zose zatewe aneste nkuko byasobanuwe mbere.Koresha biopsy punch (12 mm) kugirango ukore uruziga rwimbitse muruhu rwinyuma.Ahantu hateganijwe gukomeretsa hambaye Cs (kugenzura neza), Ct (kumenya ko ipamba ibangamira gukira), Ch NFRCS na Cp NFRCS (itsinda ryubushakashatsi) hamwe no kugenzura nabi nta muti.Kuri buri munsi wubushakashatsi, agace k'igikomere gapimwe mu mbeba zose.Koresha kamera ya digitale kugirango ufate ifoto yakomeretse hanyuma wambare imyenda mishya.Ijanisha ryo gufunga ibikomere ryapimwe na formula ikurikira:
Ukurikije ijanisha ryo gufunga ibikomere kumunsi wa 12 wubushakashatsi, uruhu rwimbeba rwitsinda ryiza rwaracukuwe ((Cp NFRCS) nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura) kandi ryakozwe na H & E irangi hamwe na trichrome ya Masson. Ukurikije ijanisha ryo gufunga ibikomere kumunsi wa 12 wubushakashatsi, uruhu rwimbeba rwitsinda ryiza rwaracukuwe ((Cp NFRCS) nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura) kandi ryakozwe na H & E irangi hamwe na trichrome ya Masson.Ukurikije ijanisha ryo gufunga ibikomere kumunsi wa 12 wubushakashatsi, uruhu rwimbeba zitsinda ryiza ((Cp NFRCS) nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura) ryacukuwe kandi risuzumwa hifashishijwe irangi rya hematoxyline-eosine na trichrome ya Masson.(C 第 12 天 的 伤口 闭合 (((((Cp NFRCS) 和 对照 组)(C 第 第 天 (((((Cp NFRCS) 和 对照 组)Imbeba zo mu itsinda ryiza ((Cp NFRCS) hamwe nitsinda rishinzwe kugenzura) zacukuwe kugira ngo hamenyekane hematoxyline-eosine hamwe na trichrome ya Masson yanduye hashingiwe ku gufunga ibikomere ku ijana ku munsi wa 12 w’ubushakashatsi.Uburyo bwo gusiga irangi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwasobanuwe mbere 49,50.Muri make, nyuma yo gukosorwa muri 10% ya formine, ingero zabuze umwuma ukoresheje urukurikirane rwa alcool.Koresha microtome kugirango ubone ibice bito (5 µm umubyimba) wa tissue yacukuwe.Ibice bito bikurikirana hamwe na Cp NFRCS bavuwe na hematoxyline na eosine kugirango bige impinduka za histopathologique.Ikirahuri cya trichrome ya Masson cyakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane fibrile ya kolagen.Ibisubizo byabonetse byakozwe buhumyi naba patologiste.
Ihame rya Cp NFRCS ryakozweho ubushakashatsi ku bushyuhe bwicyumba (25 ° C ± 2 ° C / 60% RH ± 5%) amezi 121.Cp NFRCS (amabara yo hejuru hamwe no gukura kwa mikorobe) yagenzuwe muburyo bugaragara kandi yipimwa kugirango irwanye imyenda hamwe na BCT ukurikije uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru bwerekanwe mu gice cyibikoresho.
Ubunini no kubyara Cp NFRCS byasuzumwe hategurwa Cp NFRCS ifite ubunini bwa 15 × 15 cm2.Hiyongereyeho, 30 mg by'icyitegererezo (n = 5) zacukuwe mu bice bitandukanye bya Cp NFRCS hanyuma BCT y'icyitegererezo yize isuzumwa nkuko byasobanuwe mbere mu gice cya Methods.
Twagerageje guteza imbere imiterere nuburyo butandukanye dukoresheje Cp NFRCS ibihimbano kubinyabuzima bitandukanye.Imiterere cyangwa ibishushanyo birimo ibibyimba byo kuva amaraso, uburyo bwo kuvura amenyo, hamwe na silindrike yo kuva amaraso mu gitsina.
Ibyegeranyo byose byerekanwe nkuburyo ± gutandukana bisanzwe kandi byasesenguwe na ANOVA ukoresheje Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) hakurikiraho ikizamini cyo kugereranya Bonferroni (* p <0.05).
Inzira zose zakozwe mu bushakashatsi bw’abantu zari zihuye n’ibipimo by’Ikigo n’Inama y’igihugu y’ubushakashatsi, ndetse n’itangazo rya Helsinki 1964 n’ivugururwa ryakurikiyeho, cyangwa amahame mbwirizamuco asa.Abitabiriye amahugurwa bose bamenyeshejwe ibiranga ubushakashatsi n’imiterere yabyo ku bushake.Abitabiriye amahugurwa bakomeza kuba ibanga iyo rimaze gukusanywa.Muri vitro TEG protocole protocole yasuzumwe kandi yemezwa na komite ishinzwe imyitwarire yikigo cyubuvuzi cya Kasturba, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Abakorerabushake basinyiye uburenganzira bwo gukusanya amaraso.
Inzira zose zakozwe mu bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa zakozwe hakurikijwe ishami ry’ubuvuzi rya Kastuba, Ishuri rikuru ry’Amashuri Makuru, Manipal (IAEC / KMC / 69/2020).Ubushakashatsi bwose bw’inyamaswa bwateguwe bwakozwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya komite ishinzwe kugenzura no kugenzura ubushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa (CPCSEA).Abanditsi bose bakurikiza amabwiriza ya ARRIVE.
FTIR yerekanwe ya NFRCS yose yarasesenguwe kandi igereranwa na chitosan spekiteri yerekanwe ku gishushanyo 2A.Ibiranga impinga nziza za chitosan (byanditswe) kuri 3437 cm-1 (yewe na nh kurambura), 1597 cm-1 (kurambura cm-1 (kurambuye cm-1. ), 993 cm-1 (kurambura co, bo-oh) 52.53.54.Imbonerahamwe yinyongera S1 yerekana FTIR NFRCS yo kwinjiza indangagaciro ya chitosan (umunyamakuru), chitosani yera, Cm, Ch, na Cp.FTIR yerekanwe ya NFRCS yose (Cm, Ch na Cp) yerekanaga ibice bimwe byo kwinjiza ibintu nka chitosani yera nta gihinduka gikomeye (Ishusho 2A).Ibisubizo bya FTIR byemeje ko nta mikoranire yimiti cyangwa yumubiri hagati ya polymers ikoreshwa mugutezimbere NFRCS, byerekana ko polymers yakoreshejwe ari inert.
Muri vitro iranga Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS na Cs..(B) a) Igipimo cyuzuye cyo gufata amaraso ya NFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, na Cg (n = 3);Ingero za Ct zerekanye BAR yo hejuru kuko ipamba ipamba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza neza;b) Amaraso nyuma yo kwinjiza amaraso Icyitegererezo cyicyitegererezo.Igishushanyo mbonera cya BCT yikigereranyo C (Cp NFRCS yari ifite BCT nziza (15 s, n = 3)). Ibyatanzwe muri C, D, E, na G byerekanwe nkibisobanuro ± SD, naho utubari twibeshya twerekana SD, *** p <0.0001. Ibyatanzwe muri C, D, E, na G byerekanwe nkibisobanuro ± SD, naho utubari twibeshya twerekana SD, *** p <0.0001. Danные в C, D, E na G предвенлены как среднее ± башное отклонение, акики погрешностей предгляют фанное отклонение, *** p <0,0001. Ibyatanzwe muri C, D, E, na G byerekanwe nkuburyo ± gutandukana bisanzwe, naho utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe, *** p <0.0001. C 、 D 、 E 和 G 中 的 数据 显示 为 平均值 ± SD ， 误差 线 代表 SD ， *** p <0.0001。 C 、 D 、 E 和 G 中 的 数据 显示 为 平均值 ± SD ， 误差 线 代表 SD ， *** p <0.0001。 Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение ± станное отклонение, пкики погрешностей прервляют панное отклонение, *** p <0,0001. Ibyatanzwe muri C, D, E, na G byerekanwe nkibisobanuro iation gutandukana bisanzwe, utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe, *** p <0.0001.