Ba injeniyeri bakora "kwemerera" igikoresho cya James Webb Space Telescope igikoresho cyo hagati ya infragre hagati ya NASA ya Goddard Space Flight Centre nyuma yo kuva mu Bwongereza.
Abatekinisiye b'indege ya JPL Johnny Melendez (iburyo) na Joe Mora bagenzura MIRI cryocooler mbere yo kubyohereza muri Northrop Grumman i Redondo Beach, muri Californiya. Hano, akonje gakomatanye n'umubiri wa telesikope ya Webb.
Iki gice cyigikoresho cya MIRI, kiboneka muri Laboratoire ya Appleton i Rutherford, mu Bwongereza, kirimo ibyuma bifata ibyuma bitagira ingano. Cryocooler iherereye kure ya detector kuko ikora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru. Umuyoboro utwara helium ukonje uhuza ibice byombi.
MIRI (ibumoso) yicaye kumurongo wa Northrop Grumman muri Redondo Beach mugihe abajenjeri bitegura gukoresha crane yo hejuru kugirango bayihambire kuri Integrated Scientific Instrument Module (ISIM) .IsIM ni ishingiro rya Webb, ibikoresho bine bya siyansi bibika telesikope.
Mbere yuko igikoresho cya MIRI - kimwe mu bikoresho bine bya siyansi kuri obserwatori - gishobora gukora, bigomba gukonjeshwa kugeza ku bushyuhe bukonje cyane ibintu bishobora kugera.
NASA ya James Webb Space Telescope, biteganijwe ko izashyirwa ahagaragara ku ya 24 Ukuboza, nicyo kigo kinini cyita ku kirere mu mateka, kandi gifite umurimo utoroshye: gukusanya urumuri rutagira ingano ruva mu mpande zose z'isi, kwemerera abahanga gukora ubushakashatsi ku miterere n'inkomoko y'isanzure .Isanzure ryacu n'ahantu hacu muri yo.
Ibintu byinshi byo mu kirere - birimo inyenyeri n'imibumbe, hamwe na gaze n'umukungugu bivamo - bisohora urumuri rwa infragre, rimwe na rimwe byitwa imirasire yumuriro.Ariko rero nibindi bintu byinshi bishyushye, nka toasteri, abantu, hamwe na elegitoroniki. Ibyo bivuze ko ibikoresho bine bya infragre ya Webb bishobora kumenya urumuri rwabyo rwa infragre. Kugirango ugabanye ibyo byuka, dogere zigera kuri dogere 233. ors imbere mu gikoresho cyo hagati ya infragre, cyangwa MIRI, igomba gukonja: munsi ya 7 Kelvin (ukuyemo dogere 448 Fahrenheit, cyangwa ukuyemo dogere selisiyusi 266).
Izi ni dogere nkeya hejuru ya zeru (0 Kelvin) - ubushyuhe bukonje cyane bushoboka muburyo bushoboka, nubwo butigera bugerwaho kumubiri kuko bugaragaza ko nta bushyuhe bwuzuye. (Nyamara, MIRI ntabwo ari igikoresho cyerekana amashusho gikonje cyane gikorera mu kirere.)
Ubushyuhe mubyukuri ni igipimo cyerekana uburyo atome yihuta, kandi usibye kumenya urumuri rwabo rwinshi, disiketi ya Webb irashobora gukururwa nubushyuhe bwazo bwumuriro. MIRI itahura urumuri mumashanyarazi make ugereranije nibindi bikoresho bitatu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, disikete zayo zumva neza ibinyeganyega byumuriro.Ibimenyetso bidakenewe nibyo byerekana ko abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bita "urusaku".
Nyuma yo gushyirwa ahagaragara, Webb izashyiraho visor nini ya tennis-ikingira ikingira MIRI nibindi bikoresho bituruka ku bushyuhe bwizuba, ibemerera gukonja bitagoranye. Gutangira iminsi igera kuri 77 nyuma yo gutangizwa, cryocooler ya MIRI bizatwara iminsi 19 kugirango ubushyuhe bwubushakashatsi bwibikoresho bugere munsi ya 7 Kelvin.
Konstantin Penanen, impuguke mu bijyanye na kirocooler muri Laboratwari ya NASA ya Jet Propulsion yo mu majyepfo ya Californiya yagize ati: "Biroroshye gukonjesha ibintu kugeza kuri ubwo bushyuhe ku isi, akenshi bikoreshwa mu bumenyi cyangwa mu nganda.", icunga ibikoresho bya MIRI kuri NASA. "Ariko ubwo buryo bushingiye ku Isi ni bwinshi kandi nta mbaraga zikora.Kubireba umwanya, dukeneye gukonjesha gukomeye kumubiri, gukoresha ingufu, kandi bigomba kwizerwa cyane kuko tudashobora gusohoka ngo tubikosore.Izi rero ni ibibazo duhura nabyo., muri urwo rwego, navuga ko rwose MIRI cryocoolers iri ku isonga. ”
Imwe mu ntego za siyanse ya Webb ni ukwiga imiterere yinyenyeri za mbere zabayeho mu isanzure.Ibikoresho bya kamera hafi ya infragre ya kamera cyangwa igikoresho cya NIRCam bizashobora kumenya ibyo bintu biri kure cyane, kandi MIRI izafasha abahanga kwemeza ko ayo masoko yoroheje yumucyo ari ihuriro ryinyenyeri zo mu gisekuru cya mbere, aho kuba inyenyeri zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri zabayeho nyuma y’ubwihindurize.
Iyo urebye ibicu byumukungugu bifite umubyimba mwinshi kuruta ibikoresho bya infragre, MIRI izagaragaza aho inyenyeri zavukiye.Bizagaragaza kandi molekile ikunze kuboneka kwisi - nk'amazi, dioxyde de carbone na metani, hamwe na molekile zamabuye y'agaciro nka silikatike - mubidukikije bikonje bikikije inyenyeri zegeranye, aho imibumbe ishobora gushyirwaho mugihe cya molekile zishyushye.
Gillian Wright, uyobora itsinda ry’ubumenyi bwa MIRI hamwe n’umuyobozi mukuru w’iperereza ry’ibikoresho mu kigo cy’Ubwongereza (ATC) yagize ati: "Muguhuza ubumenyi bw’Amerika n’Uburayi, twateje imbere MIRI nkimbaraga za Webb, izafasha abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere baturutse hirya no hino ku isi gusubiza ibibazo bikomeye bijyanye n’uburyo inyenyeri, imibumbe n’inyenyeri bigenda kandi bigahinduka."
MIRI cryocooler ikoresha gazi ya helium-ihagije kugirango yuzuze imipira y’amashyaka agera ku icyenda - kugira ngo itware ubushyuhe kure y’ibikoresho byabigenewe. Imashini ebyiri zikoresha amashanyarazi zipompa helium zinyuze mu muyoboro ugera aho disiketi iherereye. Umuyoboro unyura mu cyuma nacyo gifatanye na detector;helium ikonje ikurura ubushyuhe burenze kuri blok, igakomeza ubushyuhe bwimikorere ya detector munsi ya 7 Kelvin. Gazi yashyutswe (ariko iracyakonje) noneho igaruka kuri compressor, aho yirukana ubushyuhe burenze, hanyuma ukuzenguruka ukongera gutangira. Mu buryo bwuzuye, sisitemu isa niyakoreshejwe muri firigo zo murugo no mu cyuma gikonjesha.
Imiyoboro itwara helium ikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe muri zahabu kandi idafite munsi ya kimwe cya cumi cya santimetero (2,5 mm) z'umurambararo. Igera kuri metero 30 (metero 10) uvuye kuri compressor iherereye mu gace ka bisi yo mu kirere kugeza kuri deteri ya MIRI mu kintu cya telesikopi optique giherereye mu gice cy’ubuki cya DTA, cyuzuzanya. piston, kugirango ifashe gushyiramo indorerezi zabitswe mu kurinda hejuru ya roketi.Numwanya umwe, umunara uzaguka kugira ngo utandukane na bisi yo mu cyumba cy’ubushyuhe bwo mu cyumba n’ibikoresho bikonje bya telesikopi bikonje kandi bizemerera izuba hamwe na telesikope.
Iyi animasiyo yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kohereza James Webb Umwanya wa Telesikopi yoherejwe na masaha niminsi nyuma yo gutangizwa. Kwagura inteko yo hagati yohereza iminara bizongera intera iri hagati yibice byombi bya MIRI.Bahujwe numuyoboro wa tekinike hamwe na helium ikonje.
Ariko inzira yo kurambura isaba umuyoboro wa helium kwagurwa hamwe ninteko yaguka.None rero igituba gikonjesha nkisoko, niyo mpamvu abashakashatsi ba MIRI bitaga iki gice cyumuyoboro "Slinky".
Umuyobozi wa gahunda ya JPL MIRI, Analyn Schneider yagize ati: "Hariho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe mu gukora kuri sisitemu ikorera mu turere twinshi two kwitegereza."Ati: “Utu turere dutandukanye tuyobowe n’imiryango cyangwa ibigo bitandukanye, birimo Northrop Grumman hamwe n’ikigo cy’indege cya Goddard cyo muri Amerika NASA cyo muri Amerika, tugomba kuvugana na buri wese.Nta bindi byuma biri kuri telesikope bigomba kubikora, bityo rero ni ikibazo cyihariye cya MIRI.Rwose ni umurongo muremure ku muhanda wa MIRI cryocoolers, kandi twiteguye kubibona mu kirere. ”
Umuyoboro wa telesikope wa James Webb uzashyira ahagaragara mu 2021 nk’ubushakashatsi bw’ubumenyi bw’ikirere bwa mbere ku isi.Webb izashyira ahagaragara amayobera y’izuba ry’izuba, irebe isi ya kure ikikije izindi nyenyeri, kandi isuzume imiterere y’amayobera n’inkomoko y’isanzure ryacu n'ahantu hacu.Webb ni gahunda mpuzamahanga iyobowe na NASA n'abafatanyabikorwa bayo ESA (Ikigo cy’ibihugu by’Uburayi) hamwe n’ikigo cya Kanada gishinzwe icyogajuru.
MIRI yatejwe imbere binyuze mu bufatanye bwa 50-50 hagati ya NASA na ESA (Ikigo cy’Uburayi gishinzwe icyogajuru) .JPL iyoboye ingufu z’Amerika muri MIRI, kandi ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’ibigo by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere by’i Burayi bigira uruhare muri ESA.Gorge Rieke wo muri kaminuza ya Arizona ni umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ubumenyi muri MIRI. Gilian Wright ni umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’ubumenyi rya MIRI mu Burayi.
Alistair Glasse wo muri ATC, mu Bwongereza ni MIRI Instrument Scientist naho Michael Ressler ni Umuhanga mu by'umushinga muri Amerika muri JPL.Laszlo Tamas wo mu Bwongereza ATC ayobora Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Iterambere ry’imodoka ya MIRI ryayobowe kandi riyobowe na JPL ku bufatanye n’ikigo cy’indege cya Goddard cya NASA muri Greenbelt, Maryland, na Northrop Beach Grumman.