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Karuseli yerekana amashusho atatu icyarimwe.Koresha Utubuto na Ibikurikira kugirango unyuze mumashusho atatu icyarimwe, cyangwa ukoreshe utubuto twa slide kumpera kugirango wimuke unyuze mubice bitatu icyarimwe.
Iyerekwa ryinshi-risaba gusubiramo neza no guhuza ibikorwa byubaka ibintu.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko iyo kuvanga ingero zaho mubintu bitandukanye, ubunyangamugayo buratakara.Kubwibyo, gutandukanya, guteranya uduce twishusho kugirango bitunganyirizwe hamwe, nibyingenzi mubitekerezo.Mubikorwa byabanjirije iki, ibyuma bisobekeranye, bishobora gufatwa nkubuso bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwimuka, byakoreshejwe mukwiga iki gikorwa.Hano, turatanga raporo yumubano hagati yibikorwa no gutandukanya imanza mu turere two hagati yinzira nyabagendwa.By'umwihariko, twasanze guhitamo icyerekezo cya median neuron by'agateganyo cyumvaga ibimenyetso bifatika byakoreshejwe mu kugoreka imyumvire y'ibyishimo kandi byerekana isano iri hagati y'ibigeragezo n'imyumvire ifatika yo gukangura.Iri sano rirakomeye mubice byerekana urujya n'uruza rwisi muburyo butandukanye.Rero, twanzuye ko umwanya wigihe giciriritse urimo ibimenyetso bikoreshwa mugutandukanya ibintu bigoye mubintu bigize ibintu.
Iyerekwa ntirishingiye gusa ku ivangura risobanutse ryibiranga ishusho yibanze nkicyerekezo cyerekezo n'umuvuduko, ariko cyane cyane muburyo bwo guhuza neza ibyo biranga kugirango ubare ibidukikije nkibishushanyo mbonera na trayectory1.Nyamara, ibibazo bivuka mugihe amashusho atagaragara ashyigikira amatsinda 2, 3, 4 (Ishusho 1a).Kurugero, mugihe ibice bibiri byibimenyetso byihuta byegeranye cyane, ibi birashobora gusobanurwa muburyo bwikintu kimwe cyimuka cyangwa ibintu byinshi byimuka (Ishusho 1b).Ibi birerekana imiterere yibice byo gutandukanya, ni ukuvuga ntabwo ari umutungo uhamye w'ishusho, ahubwo ni inzira yo gusobanura.Nubwo bifite akamaro kanini kubitekerezo bisanzwe, imyumvire yacu ishingiro ryimyumvire yo gutandukanya imyumvire ikomeza kutuzura neza.
Igishushanyo cyerekana ikibazo cyo gushishoza.Indorerezi yimbaraga zimbitse muri Necker cube (ibumoso) isimburana hagati y'ibisobanuro bibiri bishoboka (iburyo).Ibi ni ukubera ko nta kimenyetso kiri mu ishusho cyemerera ubwonko kumenya mu buryo bwihariye icyerekezo cya 3D cyerekana (gitangwa n'ikimenyetso cya monocular occlusion iburyo).b Iyo ibimenyetso byinshi byerekanwe byerekanwe hafi, sisitemu yo kureba igomba kumenya niba ingero zaho ziva mubintu bimwe cyangwa byinshi.Ubusobanuro budasanzwe bwibimenyetso byimikorere byaho, ni ukuvuga urukurikirane rwibintu bishobora kubyara icyerekezo kimwe cyaho, bikavamo ibisobanuro byinshi byumvikana bisobanutse byinjira mubyerekanwe, ni ukuvuga imirima ya vector hano irashobora guturuka kumyumvire ijyanye nubuso bumwe cyangwa icyerekezo kibonerana cyubuso bwuzuye.c (ibumoso) Urugero rwimikorere ya grid itera imbaraga.Urukiramende rw'urukiramende rutembera kuri perpendicular yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyabo (“icyerekezo cyerekezo” - imyambi yera) iruzuzanya kugirango ikore ishusho.Uruzitiro rushobora kubonwa nkumuntu umwe, usanzwe, uhuza icyerekezo (imyambi itukura) cyangwa icyerekezo kiboneye cyerekezo.Imyumvire ya lattice igorekwa no kongeramo ingingo zidasanzwe..Kugenda kwadomo muri buri kibazo bigaragazwa nicyatsi nicyatsi gitukura.(Iburyo) Igishushanyo cyumwanya (x, y) cyo gutoranya ingingo n'umubare w'amakadiri.Mugihe gikomatanyije, imyenda yose igenda mu cyerekezo kimwe.Mugihe cyo gukorera mu mucyo, imiterere igenda yerekeza mu cyerekezo.d Igishushanyo cyerekana ishusho yimikorere yacu.Inkende zatangiye buri kigeragezo zikosora akadomo gato.Nyuma yo gutinda gato, ubwoko runaka bwo gusya (coherence / transparency) hamwe nubunini bwibimenyetso byerekana (urugero bitandukanye) byagaragaye aho MT RF iherereye.Muri buri kizamini, gusya birashobora gutembera murimwe mubyerekezo bibiri byerekana icyitegererezo.Nyuma yo kwikuramo imbaraga, intego zo guhitamo zagaragaye hejuru no munsi ya MT RF.Inkende zigomba kwerekana imyumvire ya gride mumasake kugirango intego yo guhitamo ikwiye.
Gutunganya ibikorwa byerekanwa birangwa neza bityo bigatanga urugero rwiza rwo kwiga imiyoboro yimitsi yo gutandukanya ibice.Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo kubara bwerekanye akamaro k'ibyiciro bibiri byo gutunganya ibyerekezo aho ibigereranyo bihanitse byambere bikurikirwa no guhitamo guhitamo ingero zaho kugirango bikureho urusaku no kugarura umuvuduko wibintu7,8.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko sisitemu yo kureba igomba kwitondera kugabanya iyi ensemble gusa kuri izo ngero zaho ziva mubintu bisanzwe.Ubushakashatsi bwa psychophysical bwasobanuye ibintu bifatika bigira ingaruka kuburyo ibimenyetso byimikorere byaho bitandukanijwe, ariko imiterere yinzira ya anatomique hamwe na code ya neural ikomeza kuba ibibazo bifunguye.Raporo nyinshi zerekana ko icyerekezo-gitoranya ingirabuzimafatizo mu karere kigihe gito (MT) cya cortex primaire ari abakandida kuri neural substrates.
Icy'ingenzi, muri ubu bushakashatsi bwabanje, impinduka mubikorwa byimitsi bifitanye isano nimpinduka zumubiri mubitera imbaraga.Ariko, nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, igice ni inzira yo gushishoza.Kubwibyo, ubushakashatsi bwibisobanuro byabwo busaba guhuza impinduka mubikorwa byimitsi nimpinduka mumyumvire yimyumvire ihamye.Kubwibyo, twahuguye inkende ebyiri kugirango tumenye niba uburyo bwo kubona ibintu bushobora guterwa no gutondekwa hejuru yurukiramende rufite ubuso bumwe cyangwa ubuso bubiri bwigenga.Kugira ngo twige isano iri hagati yimikorere yimyumvire no guca imanza, twanditse igikorwa kimwe muri MT mugihe inkende zakoze iki gikorwa.
Twabonye isano iri hagati yo kwiga ibikorwa bya MT n'imyumvire.Iri sano ryabayeho niba ibitera imbaraga zirimo ibimenyetso bigaragara.Mubyongeyeho, imbaraga ziyi ngaruka zifitanye isano no kumva ibimenyetso byerekana ibice, kimwe nicyitegererezo.Iheruka igereranya urwego urwego rukwirakwiza kwisi aho kuba urwego rwibanze muburyo bugoye.Nubwo guhitamo icyerekezo cyimyambarire bimaze kumenyekana nkibintu biranga MT, kandi ingirabuzimafatizo zitoranya zerekana kwerekana guhuza imbaraga zikomeye zijyanye no kumva abantu kubyo bitera imbaraga, nkuko tubizi, ibi nibimenyetso byambere byerekana isano iri hagati yimiterere.indangagaciro hamwe no gushishoza.
Twahuguye inkende ebyiri kugirango zerekane imyumvire ya drift ya moteri (coherent cyangwa transparent traffic).Indorerezi zabantu zisanzwe zibona ibyo bitera imbaraga zigenda zihuza cyangwa zibonerana zingana ninshuro imwe.Kugirango dutange igisubizo cyukuri muriki kigeragezo kandi dushyireho ishingiro ryigihembo cya operant, twashizeho ibimenyetso byo gutandukanya twandikira raster yibigize bigize latike (Ishusho 1c, d).Mubihe bihuye, imiterere yose igenda yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyishusho (Ishusho 1c, “coherent”).Muburyo buboneye, imiterere igenda itandukana yerekeza ku cyerekezo cyo gufatira hejuru yacyo (Ishusho 1c, “mucyo”).Tugenzura ingorane zakazi duhindura itandukaniro ryiyi label yimiterere.Mu bigeragezo byatanzwe, inkende zahawe ibihembo kubisubizo bihuye nibimenyetso byerekana, kandi ibihembo byatanzwe kubushake (50/50 bidasanzwe) mubigeragezo birimo imiterere idafite ibimenyetso bifatika (imiterere ya zero itandukanye).
Imyitwarire yimyitwarire ivuye mubushakashatsi bubiri buhagarariwe irerekanwa mumashusho 2a, kandi ibisubizo byateguwe nkigipimo cyurubanza rwo guhuza hamwe no gutandukanya ibimenyetso byerekana (itandukaniro rishingiye ku mucyo rifatwa nkibibi kubisobanuro) kubishusho bizamuka cyangwa bikamanuka. Muri rusange, imyumvire y'inguge yo guhuza / gukorera mu mucyo yagize ingaruka zizewe ku kimenyetso cyombi (kibonerana, gihuje) n'imbaraga (itandukaniro) ryerekana imiterere (ANOVA; inkende N: icyerekezo - F = 0.58, p = 0.45, ikimenyetso - F = 1248, p <10−10, itandukaniro - F = 22.63, p <10; −10 inguge S: icyerekezo - F = 0.2 = 36.5, p <10-10). Muri rusange, imyumvire y'inguge yo guhuza / gukorera mu mucyo yagize ingaruka zizewe ku kimenyetso cyombi (kibonerana, gihuje) n'imbaraga (itandukaniro) ryerekana imiterere (ANOVA; inkende N: icyerekezo - F = 0.58, p = 0.45, ikimenyetso - F = 1248, p <10−10, itandukaniro - F = 22.63, p <10; −10 inguge S: icyerekezo - F = 0.2 = 36.5, p <10-10). В целом на восприятие о Ажьянами когерентности / прозрачности достоверно влияли как знак (прозрачность, когерентность), tak и сила (принтрастность) текстурного признака (ANOVA 0 0 0) p <10−10, Muri rusange, imyumvire yo guhuza / gukorera mu mucyo n’inguge yagize ingaruka cyane ku kimenyetso (gukorera mu mucyo, guhuza) n'imbaraga (itandukaniro) ry'imiterere y'inyandiko (ANOVA; inkende N: icyerekezo - F = 0.58, p = 0.45, ikimenyetso - F = 1248, p <10−10, itandukaniro - F = 22.63, p <10 - -10 = 0 = 0 = 10 = itandukaniro - F = 36.5, p <10-10).总体 而言 ， 猴子 对 连贯 性 / 透明度 的 感知 受到 纹理 提示 （ANOVA） 的 符号 （透明 连贯） 和 强度 F ； 猴子 N ： 方向 - F = 0.58 ， p = 0.45 ， 符号 - F = 1248, p <10 - = 0.41, p = 0.52, 符号 - F = 2876.7, p <10−10, 对比度 - F = 36.5 ， p <10-10）。总体 而言 ， 猴子 对 连贯 性 / 透明度 的 感知 受到 纹理 提示 （ANOVA） 的 符号 （透明 连贯） 和 可靠 F ； 猴子 N ： 方向 - F = 0.58 ， p = 0.45 ， 符号 - F = 1248, p <10 - 10-10 。。Muri rusange, imyumvire yo guhuza inkende / gukorera mu mucyo yagize ingaruka cyane ku kimenyetso (gukorera mu mucyo, guhuza) no gukomera (gutandukanya) ibimenyetso byerekana (ANOVA);о yinьяна Н: ориентация - F = 0,58, p = 0,45, знак - F = 1248, p <10−10, Контрастность - F = 22,63, p <10; inkende N: icyerekezo - F = 0.58, p = 0.45, ikimenyetso - F = 1248, p <10−10, Itandukaniro - F = 22.63, p <10; −10 О ଡିଜьяна С: Ориентация - F = 0,41, p = 0,52, Знак - F = 2876,7, p <10−10, Контрастность - F = 36,5, p <10-10). −10 Inguge S: Icyerekezo - F = 0.41, p = 0.52, Ikimenyetso - F = 2876.7, p <10-10, Itandukaniro - F = 36.5, p <10-10).Imikorere ya Gaussiya yashyizwe mubikorwa kuva muri buri cyiciro kugirango iranga imitekerereze ya monkey.Ku mutini.2b yerekana isaranganya ryamasezerano kuri ziriya moderi kumasomo yose yinguge zombi.Muri rusange, inkende zarangije inshingano neza kandi zihoraho, kandi twanze munsi ya 13% byamasomo abiri y’inguge kubera ko bidahuye neza na moderi ya Gaussiya.
ingero zimyitwarire yinguge mumasomo ahagarariye (n ≥ 20 ibigeragezo kumiterere ikangura).Muburyo bwibumoso (iburyo), amakuru yo muri N (S) imwe yinguge yateguwe nkamanota yo gutoranya amanota (ordinate) hamwe nikimenyetso cyerekana itandukaniro ryibimenyetso (abscissa).Hano hafatwa ko imiterere iboneye (coherent) ifite agaciro keza (positif).Ibisubizo byubatswe bitandukanye ukurikije icyerekezo cyo kugenda kwishusho (hejuru (90 °) cyangwa hepfo (270 °)) mukizamini.Ku nyamaswa zombi, imikorere, niba igisubizo kigabanijwe na 50/50 itandukaniro (PSE - imyambi ihamye) cyangwa ingano yo gutandukanya inyandiko isabwa kugirango ushyigikire urwego runaka rwimikorere (imbago - imyambi ifunguye), iri muribi byerekezo.b Bihujwe na histogramu ya R2 indangagaciro zumurimo wa Gaussian.Inguge S (N) amakuru yerekanwe ibumoso (iburyo).c.Ibyatanzwe kuri N (S) inguge zose zitangwa mugice cyibumoso (iburyo).(Hasi) Ihuriro rimwe nkamakuru ya PSE, ariko kubintu byashyizwe ahagaragara.Nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye muri PSE cyangwa imyambarire (reba inyandiko).d PSE n'ahantu hahanamye (ordinate) byateguwe bitewe nicyerekezo gisanzwe cya raster cyerekezo cyo gutandukanya inguni (“integral grating angle” - abscissa).Uruziga rufunguye nuburyo, umurongo uhamye nuburyo bwiza bwo gusubira inyuma, kandi umurongo utudomo ni 95% intera yicyizere intera yo gusubira inyuma.Hariho isano rinini hagati ya PSE nuburyo busanzwe bwo kwishyira hamwe, ariko ntabwo ihanamye kandi isanzwe ihuza impande zose, byerekana ko imikorere ya psychometrike ihinduka nkuko inguni itandukanya ibice bigize ibice, ariko ntibikarishye cyangwa ngo bibe byoroshye.(Inguge N, n = 32 amasomo; Inguge S, n = amasomo 43).Muburyo bwose, amakosa yibyerekana byerekana ikosa risanzwe.Haha.Coherence, PSE amanota angana amanota, bisanzwe.ubuziranenge.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, byombi itandukaniro ryimiterere yicyerekezo hamwe nicyerekezo cyerekezo cyurugero rwagiye rutandukana mugihe cyibigeragezo, hamwe nibitera kugenda hejuru cyangwa munsi mubigeragezo runaka.Ibi bikorwa kugirango hagabanuke ingaruka za psychophysical11 na neuronal28 ingaruka zo kurwanya imihindagurikire.Icyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo kibogamye (point de eque point point cyangwa PSE) (Ikigereranyo cyurwego rwa Wilcoxon; inkende N: z = 0.25, p = 0.8; inkende S: z = 0.86, p = 0.39) cyangwa igenamigambi ryimikorere (igiteranyo cyurwego rwa Wilcoxon; inkende N: z = 0.14, p = 0.89, inkende S: z = 0.49, p = 0.62) (Ishusho 2c).Byongeye kandi, nta tandukaniro rikomeye ryagaragaye hagati yinguge murwego rwo gutandukanya imiterere isabwa kugirango igumane urwego ntarengwa (N monkey = 24.5% ± 3.9%, S monkey = 18.9% ± 1.9%; umubare wurwego rwa Wilcoxon, z = 1.01, p = 0.31).
Muri buri cyiciro, twahinduye inguni itandukanya icyerekezo cyibice bigize ibice.Ubushakashatsi bwa psychophysical bwerekanye ko abantu bakunze kubona selile 10 nkaho ihujwe mugihe iyi mfuruka ari nto.Niba inkende zavugaga byimazeyo imyumvire ya coherence / transparency, noneho hashingiwe kubyavuye mu bushakashatsi, umuntu yakwitega ko PSE, itandukaniro ryimiterere ijyanye no gutandukana kimwe hagati yo guhuza no guhitamo gukorera mu mucyo, byiyongera kumikoranire.Inguni. Uku nukuri byari bimeze (Igishushanyo 2d; kugwa hejuru yicyerekezo, Kruskal - Wallis; inkende N: χ2 = 23.06, p <10−3; inkende S: χ2 = 22.22, p Uku niko byagenze koko (Igishusho 2d; kugwa hejuru yicyerekezo, Kruskal - Wallis; inkende N: χ2 = 23.06, p <10−3; inkende S: χ2 = 22.22, p Это действительно имело место (рис. 2d; кол колс поперек направления паттерна, Крускал-Уоллис; о nijьяна N: χ2 = 23,06, p <10-3; , p <10-9, оଜନьяна S: r = 0,76, p <10-13). Ibi rwose byabayeho (Igishushanyo 2d; gusenyuka hejuru yicyerekezo, Kruskal-Wallis; inkende N: χ2 = 23.06, p <10–3; inkende S: χ2 = 22.22, p情况 确实 如此 （图 2d ； 跨 模式 方向 折叠 ， Kruskal-Wallis ； 猴子 N ： χ2 = 23.06 ， p <10-3 ； 猴子 S ： χ2 = 22.22 ， p <10-3 ； 标准化 间 光栅 角 和 PSE - 猴子 N ： r = 0.67 ， p 。情况 确实 如此 （图 图 2D ； 方向 折叠 ， kruskal-wallis ； n ： ： 2 = 23.06 ， p <10-3 ； 猴子 ： ： 2 = 22.22 ， p <10-3 ； 间 光栅 和 se pse- 猴子 猴子 猴子 猴子 = = = = = 3）。 Это действительно имело место (рис. 2d; кратность по оси моды, Крускал-Уоллис; о yinьяна N: χ2 = 23,06, p Ibi byari ukuri rwose (Igishushanyo 2d; gukubitana inzira yuburyo, Kruskal-Wallis; inkende N: χ2 = 23.06, p <10-3; inkende S: χ2 = 22.22, p <10-3; imfuruka zisanzwe zisanzwe). PSE-оଜନьяна N: r = 0,67, p <10–9, о ашьяна S: r = 0,76, p <10–13). PSE inkende N: r = 0,67, p <10–9, inkende S: r = 0,76, p <10–13).Ibinyuranye, guhindura inguni ya interlattice nta ngaruka nini byagize kumurongo wibikorwa bya psychometrike (Igishushanyo 2d; icyerekezo cyambukiranya icyerekezo, Kruskal-Wallis; inkende N: χ2 = 8.09, p = 0.23; inkende S χ2 = 3.18, p = 0.67, ihuriro hagati yinguni zisanzwe na p = 0.2, p = 0.2Rero, ukurikije amakuru ya psychophysical yumuntu, impuzandengo yikigereranyo cyo guhindura inguni hagati yimyidagaduro ni uguhinduranya kwimuka, kandi ntabwo kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka kubyiyumvo byerekana ibimenyetso.
Hanyuma, ibihembo bitangwa kubushake hamwe na 0.5 mubigeragezo bitandukanye na zeru itandukanye.Niba inkende zose zari zizi ubwo buryo budasanzwe kandi zikabasha gutandukanya itandukaniro rya zeru no gutandukanya ibintu, zishobora gushyiraho ingamba zitandukanye kubwoko bubiri bwibigeragezo.Ubushakashatsi bubiri bwerekana neza ko atari ko bimeze.Ubwa mbere, guhindura impande zifata byagize ingaruka zisa neza kuri cue na zeru zerekana itandukaniro (Ishusho 2d hamwe ninyongera Ishusho 1).Icya kabiri, kuri izo nguge zombi, guhitamo ikigeragezo ntigishobora kuba inshuro yo gutoranya ibihembo biheruka (byabanje) (ikizamini cya binomial, N inguge: 0.52, z = 0,74, p = 0.22; S inkende: 0.51, r = 0.9, p = 0.18).
Mu gusoza, imyitwarire yinguge mu gikorwa cyacu cyo kugabana yari igenzuwe neza.Kwishingikiriza ku manza zifatika ku kimenyetso n'ubunini bw'imiterere y'ibimenyetso, kimwe n'impinduka zabaye muri PSE zifite inguni, byerekana ko inkende zatangaje imyumvire yazo yo guhuza ibinyabiziga / gukorera mu mucyo.Hanyuma, ibisubizo byinguge mubigeragezo bya zeru bitandukanijwe ntabwo byatewe namateka yigihembo cyibigeragezo byabanjirije kandi byatewe cyane nimpinduka hagati yimiterere.Ibi birerekana ko inkende zikomeje kumenyekanisha imyumvire yazo zifatika zubuso bwa lattice muri ibi bihe byingenzi.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ihinduka ryimiterere itandukanye kuva mubyiza no mubyiza bihwanye no guhinduka kwimyumvire yimyumvire iva mumucyo igana hamwe.Muri rusange, kuri selile runaka, igisubizo cya MT gikunda kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka nkuko itandukaniro ryimiterere rihinduka kuva mubi kugeza mubyiza, kandi icyerekezo cyiyi ngaruka mubisanzwe biterwa nicyerekezo cyimikorere yikigereranyo / ibice.Kurugero, icyerekezo cyo guhuza imirongo ibiri ya MT selile ihagarariwe irerekanwa mumashusho 3 hamwe nibisubizo byutwo tugari kubishimisha birimo ibintu bike cyangwa byinshi bihabanye bihuza cyangwa ibimenyetso byerekana neza.Twagerageje muburyo bumwe kugirango tumenye neza ibisubizo bya gride, bishobora kuba bifitanye isano nimikorere ya psychophysiologique yinguge zacu.
Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekezo cyo guhuza umurongo w'inguge MT selile S ihagarariye igisubizo kimwe cya sinusoidal.Inguni yerekana icyerekezo cyo kugenda kwa grake, ubunini bwerekana emissivité, kandi icyerekezo cyakagari cyerekanwe hejuru ya 90 ° (hejuru) hamwe nicyerekezo cyimwe mubice bigize icyerekezo cyo gusya.b Icyumweru cyo gukangura-igihe cya histogramu (PSTH) ya gride yo gusubiza, yimuriwe mu cyerekezo cyerekanwa na 90 ° (yerekanwe mubishushanyo ibumoso) kuri selile yerekanwe muri a.Ibisubizo bitondekanya kubwoko bwerekana (cohesive / transparent - hagati / iburyo iburyo) hamwe na Michelson itandukaniro (ibara rya PSTH).Gusa kugerageza gukosorwa byerekanwe kuri buri bwoko bwibimenyetso-bitandukanijwe kandi bihabanye cyane.Ingirabuzimafatizo zashubije neza hejuru ya drifting yuburyo bwo hejuru hamwe nibimenyetso bigaragara neza, kandi igisubizo kuri ubu buryo cyiyongereye hamwe no kongera itandukaniro ryimiterere.c, d ni amasezerano amwe nko muri a na b, ariko kuri selile ya MT usibye inkende S, icyerekezo bahisemo hafi yo guhuzagurika nicyerekezo cyo kumanuka.Igice gikunda kumanura ibimanuka hamwe nibisobanuro bifatika, kandi igisubizo kuri ubu buryo cyiyongera hamwe no kongera itandukaniro ryimiterere.Muburyo bwose, agace kicucu kerekana ikosa risanzwe ryikigereranyo.Umuvugizi.Imitwe, amasegonda.kabiri.
Kugirango tumenye isano iri hagati yububiko bwa lattice (coherent cyangwa mucyo) nkuko bigaragazwa nibimenyetso byimiterere yacu nibikorwa bya MT, twabanje gusubiza inyuma isano iri hagati yingirabuzimafatizo zigendagenda neza (umusozi mwiza) cyangwa kugenda mu mucyo (ahantu habi) hifashishijwe gusubira inyuma.yatanzwe kugirango ashyire selile mukigereranyo cyibisubizo ugereranije nibitandukanye (bitandukanye kuri buri cyerekezo cyerekezo).Ingero ziyi mirongo yo gutondekanya imirongo iva kumurongo umwe murugero rwa 3 irerekanwa mumashusho 4a.Nyuma yo gutondekanya, twakoresheje isesengura ryimikorere yakira (ROC) kugirango tugereranye ibyiyumvo bya buri selile kubyerekeranye no guhindura ibimenyetso byerekana (reba Methods).Imikorere ya neurometricique yabonetse murubu buryo irashobora kugereranywa neza na psychophysical ibiranga inguge mugice kimwe kugirango ugereranye byimazeyo ibyiyumvo bya psychophysical sensibilité ya neuron hamwe nuburyo bwimyenda.Twakoze ibimenyetso bibiri byerekana ibimenyetso kubice byose murugero, tubara ibintu bitandukanye bya neurometrike kuri buri cyerekezo cyicyitegererezo (nanone, hejuru cyangwa hepfo).Ni ngombwa kumenya ko, kuri iri sesengura, twashyizemo gusa ibigeragezo aho (i) ibitera imbaraga byari bikubiyemo umurongo kandi (ii) inkende zishubije zikurikije iyo ngingo (ni ukuvuga ibigeragezo "bikosora").
Igipimo cyumuriro giteganijwe kurwanya itandukaniro ryikimenyetso, muburyo bwo gushimishwa hejuru (ibumoso) cyangwa hepfo (iburyo), umurongo uhamye ugereranya umurongo ugororotse mwiza, kandi amakuru kumurongo wo hejuru (hepfo) yakuwe mubyerekanwe ku gishushanyo.Umuceri.3a Akagari, b (Ishusho 3c, d).Ibiranga gusubira inyuma byakoreshejwe mugushiraho ibimenyetso byatoranijwe (coherent / transparent) kuri buri selire / lattice yerekanwe hamwe (n ≥ 20 ibigeragezo kumiterere).Utubari twibeshya twerekana gutandukana bisanzwe.Imikorere ya neurometrike yibice byerekanwe muri ba isobanurwa hamwe nibikorwa bya psychometric byakusanyirijwe mugihe kimwe.Noneho, kuri buri kintu, duteganya guhitamo ibikoresho byatoranijwe (ordinate) (reba inyandiko) nkijanisha ryibimenyetso byerekana itandukaniro (abscissa).Itandukaniro ryimiterere ryahinduwe kuburyo ibikoresho byatoranijwe ari byiza kandi ibikoresho byubusa ni bibi.Ibyatanzwe biva hejuru (hepfo) bigenda byerekanwa byerekanwe kumurongo wibumoso (iburyo), kumurongo wo hejuru (hepfo) - amakuru ava muri selile yerekanwe kumashusho 3a, b (Ishusho 3c, d).Ikigereranyo cya neurometrike na psychometrike (N / P) cyerekanwe muri buri kibaho.Umuvugizi.Imitwe, amasegonda.amasegonda.icyerekezo, intara ikunzwe, psi.Psychometrie, Neurologiya.
Gutondekanya umurongo hamwe n'imikorere ya neurometrike ya selile ebyiri zihagarariye MT hamwe nibikorwa bifitanye isano na psychometrike bifitanye isano, hamwe hamwe nibisubizo, byerekanwe mugice cyo hejuru no hepfo cyishusho ya 4a, b.Utugingo ngengabuzima twerekana hafi kwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka nkuko igitekerezo cyimiterere kiva mumucyo kijya hamwe.Mubyongeyeho, icyerekezo n'imbaraga ziyi nkunga biterwa nicyerekezo cyimikorere ya lattice.Hanyuma, imikorere ya neurometrike ibarwa uhereye kubisubizo by'utugingo ngengabuzima twegereye gusa (ariko ntibihuye) n'imiterere ya psychophysical yimikorere ya gride itayobora.Imikorere ya neurometrike na psychometrike yakusanyirijwe hamwe hamwe, ni ukuvuga hafi 84% yikinyuranyo cyatoranijwe neza (gihuye na + 1 sd yo guhuza ibikorwa bya Gaussiya).Hafi yicyitegererezo cyose, igipimo cya N / P, igipimo cyurwego rwa neurometrike yinjira kurwego rwa psychometrike, wagereranije 12.4 ± 1,2 mu nguge N na 15.9 ± 1.8 mu nguge S, naho kuri lattike ikagenda byibura icyerekezo kimwe, gusa Kuri ~ 16% (18).%) ibice biva ku nguge N (inkende S) (Ishusho 5a).Kuva kurugero rwakagari rwerekanwe kumashusho.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 3 nicya 4, ibyiyumvo bya neuron birashobora guterwa nisano iri hagati yicyerekezo cyiza cya selile nicyerekezo cyimikorere ya lattice ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi.By'umwihariko, icyerekezo cyo guhindura umurongo ku gishushanyo cya 3a, c cyerekana isano iri hagati yicyerekezo cya neuron cyerekana icyerekezo kimwe cya sinusoidal hamwe nuburyo bwiyumvamo icyerekezo kiboneye / gihuje mumirongo yacu. Uku niko byagenze ku nguge zombi (ANOVA; ibyerekezo byatoranijwe bifitanye isano na 10 ° ikemurwa; inkende N: F = 2.12, p <0.01; inkende S: F = 2.01, p <0.01). Uku niko byagenze ku nguge zombi (ANOVA; ibyerekezo byatoranijwe bifitanye isano na 10 ° ikemurwa; inkende N: F = 2.12, p <0.01; inkende S: F = 2.01, p <0.01). Это имело место для обеих о усьян (ANOVA; относительные предпочтительные направления обедины в группы с разрешением 10 °; о nijьяна N: F = 2,12, p <0,01; о вицьяна S: F = 2,01, p <0,01), p <0,01). Uku niko byagenze ku nguge zombi (ANOVA; icyerekezo gikundwa cyashyizwe hamwe kuri 10 ° imyanzuro; inkende N: F = 2.12, p <0.01; inkende S: F = 2.01, p <0.01).两只 猴子 都是 这种 情况 （方差 分析 以 ° 10 ° 分辨率 合并 的 相对 首选 方向 ； 猴子 N ： F = 2.12 ， p <0.01 ； 猴子 S ： F = 2.01 ， p <0.01）。两 只 猴子 都 是 种 ° ° 方差 ° ° 10 ° 分辨率 合并 的 相对 方向 ； 猴子 n ： f = 2.12 ， p <0.01 ； ： ： f = 2.01 ， p <0.01 。。。。。。。））））））））） Это имело место для обеих о усьян (ANOVA; относительная предпочтительная ориента одинена при разрешении 10 °; о nijьяна N: F = 2,12, p <0,01; о cearya С: F = 2,01, p <0,01). Uku niko byagenze ku nguge zombi (ANOVA; ugereranije icyerekezo cyerekanwe cyahujwe kuri 10 ° imyanzuro; inkende N: F = 2.12, p <0.01; inkende S: F = 2.01, p <0.01).Urebye urwego runini rwo guhinduka muburyo bwa neuron sensibilité (Igicapo 5a), kugirango tubashe kwiyumvisha isano ya sensibilité ya neuron ku cyerekezo gikundwa, twabanje guhuza buri selire icyerekezo cyerekezo "cyiza" cyerekezo cyimikorere ya gride (ni ukuvuga icyerekezo).in Grating ikora inguni ntoya hagati yicyerekezo cyatoranijwe nicyerekezo cyogusya).Twabonye ko ibipimo bigereranywa na neuron (inzitizi ya "mbi" icyerekezo cya lattice / icyerekezo cya "cyiza" cyerekezo cya lattice) cyatandukanijwe nicyerekezo gisanzwe cyatoranijwe, hamwe nimpinga muriki kigereranyo cyibipimo biboneka mubishushanyo mbonera cyangwa icyerekezo (Ishusho 5b).)). Izi ngaruka ntizishobora gusobanurwa no kubogama mugukwirakwiza icyerekezo cyatoranijwe mubice muri buri cyitegererezo cyerekezo kimwe cyerekanwe cyangwa icyerekezo cyerekanwe (Ishusho 5c; ikizamini cya Rayleigh; inkende N: z = 8.33, p Izi ngaruka ntizishobora gusobanurwa no kubogama mugukwirakwiza icyerekezo cyatoranijwe mubice muri buri cyitegererezo cyerekezo kimwe cyerekanwe cyangwa icyerekezo cyerekanwe (Ishusho 5c; ikizamini cya Rayleigh; inkende N: z = 8.33, p Этот нельзя было ояснить смещением распределения предпочтительных направлений в единицах в каждой выборке в сторону одного из клетччх направлений или направлений снов (рис; 3). Ingaruka ntishobora gusobanurwa nimpinduka mugukwirakwiza icyerekezo cyatoranijwe mubice muri buri cyitegererezo cyerekezo kimwe cyerekanwe cyangwa icyerekezo cyerekanwe (Ishusho 5c; ikizamini cya Rayleigh; inkende N: z = 8.33, p <10–3)., kuzenguruka bisobanura = dogere 190.13 ± dogere 9.83;inkende S: z = 0,79, p = 0.45) kandi yari imwe kumpande zose za gride yishyuwe (Ishusho yinyongera 2).这种 效应 不能通过 每个 样本 中 单元 中 的 优选 分布 c c c c c c c c c c c c ： ： = = 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190上 是 一致 的 （补充） 2）。这 种 效应 不 能 每 每 样本 单元 中 优选 方向 分布 来 = = = = = = = = = = = = Этот но не может быть обяснен тем, что распределение предпочтительных ориентаций в клетках в kaждом оцце смещено либо в сторону ады решетки, либо в сторону одной из види; ры; p <10–3). Izi ngaruka ntizishobora gusobanurwa nuko ikwirakwizwa ryicyerekezo cyatoranijwe muri selile muri buri cyitegererezo kibogamye haba kumiterere ya lattice cyangwa kuri kimwe mubyerekezo (Ishusho 5c; ikizamini cya Rayleigh; inkende N: z = 8.33, p <10–3).impuzandengo y'uruziga) = dogere 190.13 ± dogere 9.83;inkende S: z = 0,79, p = 0.45) kandi byari bingana mu mpande zombi hagati ya gride (Ishusho yinyongera).Rero, ibyiyumvo bya neuron kuri gride yimiterere biterwa, byibuze igice, kumiterere yibanze ya MT tuning.
Umwanya wibumoso werekana ikwirakwizwa rya N / P (neuron / psychophysiologique);buri selile itanga amakuru abiri, imwe kuri buri cyerekezo icyerekezo kigenda.Umwanya wiburyo utegura imitekerereze ya psychophysical (ordinate) hamwe na neuronal binjira (abscissa) kubice byose murugero.Ibyatanzwe mumurongo wo hejuru (hepfo) bituruka ku nguge N (S).b Ibipimo bisanzwe byateganijwe byateganijwe kurwanya ubunini bwikinyuranyo hagati yicyerekezo cyiza cya lattice nicyerekezo cyakagari.Icyerekezo "cyiza" gisobanurwa nkicyerekezo cyimiterere yo gusya (gipimwa hamwe na sinusoidal grating imwe) yegereye icyerekezo cyatoranijwe.Ibyatanzwe byabanje guhuzwa nicyerekezo gisanzwe cyatoranijwe (10 ° bin), hanyuma ibipimo ntarengwa byashyizwe kumurongo ntarengwa kandi byagereranijwe muri buri bin.Ingirabuzimafatizo zifite icyerekezo kinini nini cyangwa ntoya kuruta icyerekezo cyibice bya lattice byari bifite itandukaniro rinini muburyo bwo kwiyumvisha icyerekezo cya lattice.c Ibara ryijimye ryerekana icyerekezo cya MTN cyanditswe muri buri nguge.
Hanyuma, igisubizo cya MT cyahinduwe nicyerekezo cyogusya hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana ibimenyetso byacu (imiterere).Kugereranya ibyiyumvo bya neuronal na psychophysical sensitivite byerekanaga ko, muri rusange, ibice bya MT bititaye cyane kubimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso bitandukanye kuruta inguge.Nyamara, ibyiyumvo bya neuron byahindutse bitewe n'itandukaniro riri hagati yicyerekezo cyatoranijwe cyerekezo hamwe nicyerekezo cya gride.Utugingo ngengabuzima twumva cyane twakunze kugira icyerekezo cyerekanwe hafi yuburyo bwa lattice cyangwa kimwe mubyerekezo, kandi agace gato k'icyitegererezo cyacu cyari cyoroshye cyangwa cyunvikana kuruta uko inguge zibona itandukaniro.Kugirango tumenye niba ibimenyetso biva muri ibyo bice byunvikana bifitanye isano cyane no kumva inkende, twasuzumye isano iri hagati yimyumvire nibisubizo bya neuronal.
Intambwe yingenzi mugushiraho isano hagati yimikorere yimyitwarire nimyitwarire nugushiraho isano hagati ya neuron nigisubizo cyimyitwarire kubitera guhora.Kugirango uhuze ibisubizo bidafite ishingiro nu manza zaciwe, ni ngombwa gushyiraho ibitera imbaraga, nubwo ari bimwe, bibonwa ukundi mubigeragezo bitandukanye.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, ibi bigaragazwa neza na zero itandukanya itandukaniro.Nubwo dushimangira ko, dushingiye kumikorere ya psychometrike yinyamaswa, ibinezeza bifite itandukaniro rito (munsi ya ~ 20%) itandukaniro ryimyandikire mubisanzwe bifatwa nkibisanzwe cyangwa biboneye.
Kugirango tumenye urugero ibisubizo bya MT bifitanye isano na raporo yo gushishoza, twakoze isesengura rishoboka (CP) isesengura ryamakuru ya gride (reba 3).Muri make, CP ni igipimo kidasanzwe, kitari igipimo gipima isano iri hagati yo gusubiza ibisubizo no guca imanza30.Kugabanya isesengura ryibigeragezo ukoresheje gride ifite itandukaniro rya zeru hamwe ninama aho inkende zahisemo byibura amahitamo atanu kuri buri bwoko bwikigeragezo, twabaze SR ukwayo kuri buri cyerekezo cyerekezo cya gride. Hirya no hino ku nguge, twabonye agaciro ka CP kagereranijwe cyane kuruta uko twakekaga kubwamahirwe (Igishusho 6a, d; inkende N: bivuze CP: 0.54, 95% CI: (0.53, 0.56), t-ibizamini bibiri t-kurwanya null ya CP = 0.5, t = 6.7, p <10−9; inkende S: bivuze CP: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.54, 95% CI: (0.54, 95% CI), Hirya no hino ku nguge, twabonye agaciro ka CP kagereranijwe cyane kuruta uko twakekaga kubwamahirwe (Igishusho 6a, d; inkende N: bivuze CP: 0.54, 95% CI: (0.53, 0.56), t-ibizamini bibiri t-kurwanya null ya CP = 0.5, t = 6.7, p <10−9; inkende S: bivuze CP: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.54, 95% CI: (0.54, 95% CI),Inkende, twabonye CP iringaniye cyane kurenza uko byari byitezwe (Igishusho 6a, d; inkende N: bivuze CP: 0.54, 95% CI: (0.53, 0.56), t-umurizo ibiri t-igeragezwa nagaciro keza).CP = 0,5, t = 6,7, p <10–9; CP = 0.5, t = 6.7, p <10–9; о leaьяна S: среднее CP: 0,55, 95% ДИ: (0,54, 0,57), двуононний t-критерий, t = 9,4, p <10–13). inkende S: bivuze CP: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.57), t-ibizamini bibiri, t = 9.4, p <10–13).A a 中 ， 我们 观察 到 CP , 0.57), 双边 t 检验, t = 9.4, p <10−13).在 猴子 中 ， 我们 观察 平均 值 显 着 大于 我们 a a 6a ， d ； n ： 平均 ： 0.54，95% Ci ： 0.53，0.56） ， 空 值 检验 CP = 0.5, t = 6.7, p <10−9;S: 平均 CP: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.57), 双边 t 检验, t = 9.4, p <10−13) У о ଡିଜьян мы наблюдали средние значения CP, значительно превшающие то, что мы могли бы ожидть случайно (рис. 6a, d; о ьяьяьянаа Н: среднее CP: 0,54, 95% ДИ: (0,53, 0,5) p <10-9, of Mu nguge, twabonye bisobanura agaciro ka CP hejuru yibyo dushobora kwitega kubwamahirwe (Igishusho 6a, d; inkende N: bivuze CP: 0.54, 95% CI: (0.53, 0.56), imirizo ibiri t-test CP na zeru = 0.5, t = 6.7, p <10-9, inkende S: bivuze CP: 0.55, 95% CI: (0.54, 0.57).Niyo mpamvu, neurone ya MT ikunda kurasa cyane kabone niyo haba hataboneka ibimenyetso bigaragara, mugihe inyamanswa imyumvire yinyamanswa igenda ihura nibyifuzo by'akagari.
Guhitamo Ikwirakwizwa rya gride idafite ibimenyetso byerekana ingero zanditswe kuva ku nguge N. Buri selile irashobora gutanga umusanzu kugeza ku ngingo ebyiri (imwe kuri buri cyerekezo cya gride igenda).Hagati ya CP agaciro kari hejuru (imyambi yera) yerekana ko muri rusange hari isano ikomeye hagati yibikorwa bya MT n'imyumvire.b Kugirango dusuzume ingaruka ziterwa no guhitamo kubogamye, twabaze CP ukwayo kubitera imbaraga zose inguge zakoze byibuze ikosa rimwe.Ihitamo rishoboka ryateguwe nkigikorwa cyo guhitamo (pref / null) kubintu byose bitera imbaraga (ibumoso) hamwe nagaciro ntagereranywa kerekana itandukaniro (iburyo, amakuru ava muri selile 120).Umurongo uhamye hamwe nigicucu cyumwanya wibumoso ugereranya hagati ± sem ya 20-yimuka ugereranije.Amahitamo yo guhitamo yabazwe kubitera hamwe no kugereranya kutagereranijwe, nka gride ifite ibimenyetso bihabanye cyane, bitandukanye cyane kandi byari byegeranye kubishoboka.Agace kijimye-igicucu kumwanya wiburyo gishimangira itandukaniro ryibintu bikubiye mukubara amahirwe menshi yo guhitamo.c Ibishoboka byo guhitamo binini (ordinate) byateguwe kurugero rwa neuron (abscissa).Amahirwe yo gutoranya yari afitanye isano cyane nurwego.Ihwaniro df ni kimwe na ac ariko rireba amakuru 157 yonyine avuye ku nguge S keretse bivuzwe ukundi.g Birashoboka cyane guhitamo (ordinate) byateguwe kurwanya icyerekezo gisanzwe gikunzwe (abscissa) kuri buri nguge zombi.Buri selile ya MT yatanze amanota abiri (imwe kuri buri cyerekezo cyimiterere ya lattice).h Agasanduku kanini ibibanza byo guhitamo bishoboka kuri buri mpande zombi.Umurongo uhamye uranga median, epfo na ruguru yo hejuru yisanduku igereranya 25 na 75% kwijana, whiskers yongerewe inshuro 1.5 intera intera, kandi hanze irenga iyi mipaka iragaragara.Ibyatanzwe muburyo bwibumoso (iburyo) biva kuri 120 (157) kugiti cya N (S) inguge.i Birashoboka cyane guhitamo (ordinate) byateguwe mugihe cyo gutangira gukangura (abscissa).CP nini yabazwe muburyo bwo kunyerera (ubugari 100 ms, intambwe 10 ms) mugihe cyose cyizamini hanyuma ikagereranywa hejuru yibice.
Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwibanze bwerekanye ko CP iterwa numubare ugereranije wibigeragezo mugusaranganya igipimo fatizo, bivuze ko iki gipimo kitizewe cyane kubitekerezo bitera itandukaniro rinini muburyo bwa buri guhitamo.Kugirango tugerageze iyi ngaruka mumibare yacu, twabaze CP ukwayo kubitera imbaraga zose, tutitaye kubimenyetso byerekana itandukaniro, kandi inkende zakoze byibuze ikigeragezo kimwe.CP yateguwe kurwanya igipimo cyo gutoranya (pref / null) kuri buri nyamaswa ku gishushanyo cya 6b na e (ibumoso).Urebye impuzandengo yimuka, biragaragara ko CP ikomeza kuba hejuru yuburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo, kugabanuka gusa mugihe ibitagenda neza (kwiyongera) munsi (hejuru) 0.2 (0.8).Dushingiye ku miterere ya psychometrike yinyamaswa, twakwitega ko coefficient zo gutoranya ubunini zikoreshwa gusa mubitera imbaraga zo gutandukanya ibintu byinshi (coherent cyangwa mucyo) (reba ingero zimiterere yibitekerezo mumashusho 2a, b).Kugirango tumenye niba aribyo kandi niba PC ikomeye yarakomeje ndetse no kubitera ibimenyetso byerekana ibice, twasuzumye ingaruka zagaciro kinyuranyo cyanditse kuri PC (Ishusho 6b, e-iburyo).Nkuko byari byitezwe, CP yari hejuru cyane kuruta amahirwe yo gukangura arimo kugeza ku gipimo giciriritse (~ 20% bitandukanye cyangwa munsi).
Mu cyerekezo, umuvuduko, no guhuza ibikorwa bidahuye, MT CP ikunda kuba hejuru muri neuron yunvikana cyane, birashoboka ko izo neuron zitwara ibimenyetso byamakuru 30,32,33,34.Dukurikije ibyo twabonye twabonye isano iri hagati ariko ikomeye cyane hagati ya CP nini, ubaze uhereye kuri z-amanota yo kurasa hejuru yuburyo butandukanye bwerekana itandukaniro ryerekanwe muburyo bwiburyo bwa fig.6b, e, na neuronal imbago (Igishusho 6c, f; geometrike bisobanura gusubira inyuma; inkende N: r = −0.12, p = 0.07 inkende S: r = −0.18, p <10−3). 6b, e, na neuronal imbago (Igishusho 6c, f; geometrike bisobanura gusubira inyuma; inkende N: r = −0.12, p = 0.07 inkende S: r = −0.18, p <10−3).Dukurikije ibyo twabonye, ​​twabonye isano iri hagati ariko nini cyane hagati ya CP nini ibarwa uhereye ku byishimo byinshyi z-amanota uhereye ku kimenyetso cyerekana itandukaniro ryerekanwe mu gice cyiburyo cya shusho ya 6b, e, na neuronal (Ishusho 6c, f; geometrike).geometrike bisobanura gusubira inyuma;о leaьяна N: r = -0,12, p = 0,07 о yinьяна S: r = -0,18, p <10-3). inkende N: r = -0.12, p = 0.07 inkende S: r = -0.18, p <10-3).与 这些 发现 一致 ， 我们 观察 到 大 CP 之间 存在 适度 但 显 着 的 图 6b 、 e 和与 这些 发现 一致 ， 我们 到 大 大 存在 适度 但 显 b b 6b 、 e 和Dukurikije ibyo twabonye, ​​twabonye isano iri hagati ariko ya CV nini nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 6b, e na neuron (Ishusho ya 6c, f; geometrike bisobanura gusubira inyuma; inkende N: r = -0.12, p = 0.07).О ашьяна С: г = -0,18, р <10-3). Inguge S: r = -0.18, p <10-3).Kubwibyo, ibimenyetso biva mubice byinshi bitanga amakuru byakunze kwerekana isano iri hagati yimanza zishingiye ku gutandukanya inguge, ibyo bikaba ari ngombwa utitaye ku bimenyetso byose byongeweho kubogama.
Urebye ko twari twarashyizeho umubano hagati yo kwiyumvisha ibimenyetso byerekana imiyoboro ya gride no guhitamo icyerekezo cya neuronal, twibajije niba hari isano isa hagati ya CP nicyerekezo gikunzwe (Ishusho 6g).Iri shyirahamwe ryagize akamaro gake cyane mu nguge S (ANOVA; inkende N: 1.03, p = 0.46; inkende S: F = 1.73, p = 0.04).Twabonye ko nta tandukaniro riri muri CP ku mfuruka ya lattike hagati y’inyamanswa iyo ari yo yose (Ishusho 6h; ANOVA; inkende N: F = 1.8, p = 0.11; inkende S: F = 0.32, p = 0. 9).
Hanyuma, imirimo ibanza yerekanye ko CP ihinduka mugeragezwa.Ubushakashatsi bumwe bwerekanye ko kwiyongera gukabije gukurikirwa ningaruka zo guhitamo neza, 30 mugihe abandi bavuze ko kwiyongera kwikimenyetso cyo gutoranya mugihe cyiburanisha31.Kuri buri nguge, twabaze CP ya buri gice mubigeragezo hamwe na zeru itandukanye (ukurikije icyerekezo cyerekana) muri selile 100 ms ikandagira buri ms 20 kuva mbere yo gukanguka gutangira kohereza bisobanura mbere yo gukangura.Impuzandengo ya CP imbaraga zinguge ebyiri zerekanwa kumashusho 6i.Muri ibyo bihe byombi, CP yagumye kurwego rudasanzwe cyangwa hafi yayo kugeza hafi ms 500 nyuma yo gutangira gukangura, nyuma CP yiyongera cyane.
Usibye guhindura sensibilité, CP yerekanwe ko nayo igira ingaruka kumico imwe nimwe iranga selile.Kurugero, Uka na DeAngelis34 basanze CP mubikorwa byo kumenyekanisha binocular bidahuye biterwa nuburinganire bwibikoresho bya binocular bidahuye neza.Muri iki kibazo, ikibazo gifitanye isano ni ukumenya niba icyerekezo cyerekezo cyatoranijwe (PDS) selile cyunvikana kuruta icyerekezo cyatoranijwe (CDS).Utugingo ngengabuzima twa PDS dushyiramo icyerekezo rusange cyibishushanyo birimo ibyerekezo byinshi byaho, mugihe CDS ingirabuzimafatizo isubiza ibyerekezo byerekana icyerekezo (Ishusho 7a).
Igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo bwo guhuza ibice bikangura hamwe na hypothettike yo gusya (ibumoso) hamwe no kwerekana icyerekezo cyo guhuza imirongo (iburyo) (reba Ibikoresho nuburyo).Muri make, niba selile ihuza ibice bya gride kugirango yerekane ibimenyetso byerekana, umuntu yakwitega umurongo umwe wo guhuza umurongo wa gride hamwe na gride itera (inkingi yanyuma, umurongo ukomeye).Ibinyuranye, niba selile idahuza icyerekezo cyibigize mukigenda cyerekana ibimenyetso, umuntu yakwitega guhuza ibice bibiri byo guhuza umurongo hamwe nimpinga muri buri cyerekezo cyogusunika icyerekezo gihindura igice kimwe mubyifuzo by'akagari (inkingi yanyuma, umurongo ucagaguye)..b.(Hagati) Icyitegererezo hamwe nibice byahanuwe bibarwa uhereye kumurongo wa tuning.(Iburyo) Guhindura grid ya selile.Ingirabuzimafatizo zo hejuru (hepfo) zashyizwe mubikorwa nkicyitegererezo (ibice) selile.Menya ko ntaho umuntu yandikirana hagati yibyiciro bigize ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibyifuzo byo guhuza / guhuza ingirabuzimafatizo (reba ibisubizo bya lattice ibisubizo kuri utwo tugari ku gishushanyo cya 4a).c Coefficient yo guhuza igice cyuburyo bwa z-amanota (ordinate) yapanze kurwanya coeffice igice cyo guhuza igice cya z-amanota (abscissa) kuri selile zose zanditswe muri N (ibumoso) na S (iburyo).Imirongo miremire yerekana akamaro gakoreshwa mugutandukanya selile.d Ikibanza cyo guhitamo byinshi bishoboka (ordinate) hamwe nuburyo bwerekana (Zp - Zc) (abscissa).Ibyatanzwe muburyo bwibumoso (iburyo) bivuga inguge N (S).Inziga z'umukara zerekana amakuru mubice bigereranijwe.Muri ayo matungo yombi, hari isano rinini hagati yo guhitamo gukomeye hamwe nigipimo cyerekana, byerekana isano iri hagati yimikorere ya selile ifite ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso mubyerekezo hamwe nibyerekezo byinshi.
Kubwibyo, mugice cyihariye cyo gupima, twapimye ibisubizo kuri gride ya sinusoidal na gride kugirango dushyire neuron mubyitegererezo byacu nka PDS cyangwa CDS (reba Methods).Gutondekanya imirongo ya latice, icyitegererezo cyibice byubatswe byubatswe muri aya makuru yo guhuza amakuru, hamwe nu murongo wo guhuza imirongo ya selile yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 1 n'icya 3. Ishusho ya 3 n'iya 4 hamwe n'inyongera Ishusho ya 3 irerekanwa ku gishushanyo 7b.Ikwirakwizwa ryikigereranyo hamwe nibice byatoranijwe, kimwe nicyerekezo cyakagari cyerekanwe muri buri cyiciro, byerekanwe kuri buri nguge ku gishushanyo 7c hamwe nimbuto ziyongera.4.
Kugirango dusuzume kwishingikiriza kuri CP mugukosora ibice byikitegererezo, twabanje kubara icyitegererezo 35 (PI), indangagaciro nini (ntoya) yerekana indangagaciro nini ya PDS (CDS) imyitwarire isa.Urebye ibyerekanwe haruguru ko: (i) ibyiyumvo bya neuronal bitandukana nibitandukaniro riri hagati yicyerekezo cyakagari cyerekezo nicyerekezo cyo gukangura, kandi (ii) hariho isano rikomeye hagati yimitekerereze ya neuronal hamwe nibishoboka byo gutoranya murugero rwacu, twasanze isano iri hagati ya PI na CP yose yizwe mubyerekezo "byiza" byerekezo bya buri selile (reba hejuru). Twabonye ko CP yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi na PI (Igicapo 7d; geometrike isobanura gusubira inyuma; inguge nini ya CP N: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inguge ya CP inguge N r = 0.21, p = 0.013; inguge nini ya CP S: r = 0.30, p Twabonye ko CP yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi na PI (Igicapo 7d; geometrike isobanura gusubira inyuma; inguge nini ya CP N: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inguge ya CP inguge N r = 0.21, p = 0.013; inguge nini ya CP S: r = 0.30, p Мы обнаружили, что CP значительно коррелирует с PI (рис. 7d; би среднего геометрического; большая о эйсяна CP N: r = 0,23, p <0,01; : Twabonye ko CP yari ifitanye isano rya bugufi na PI (Igicapo 7d; geometrike isobanura gusubira inyuma; inkende nini CP N: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende nini CP CP r r.比 CDS 和 未 分类 的 细胞 表现 出 更大 的 选择 活性。。 CP 与 PI 显 着 相关 （图 7d ； 几何 平均 回归 ； 大 CP 猴 N ： r = 0.23 ， p <0.01 ； 双稳态 CP 猴 N r = 0.21 ， r ， p = 0.21 ， p3 ； 0.0 Мы обнаружили, что CP был значительно свяаз с PI (рис. 7d; бид среднего геометрического; большая о ьяьяьянаа CP N: r = 0,23, p <0,01; Twasanze CP yari ifitanye isano cyane na PI (Igicapo 7d; geometrike isobanura gusubira inyuma; inkende nini CP N: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende ishobora guhinduka CP N r = 0.21, p = 0.013; inkende nini CP S: r = 0.013) 0.30, p <10-4; бис абильный CP о усьяны S: r = 0,29, p <10-3), что указывает на то, что клетки, миссифицированные как PDS, проявляли большую селекционную активность, чем клетки, кси кский. inkende S bistable CP: r = 0.29, p <10-3), byerekana ko selile zashyizwe mubikorwa nka PDS zerekanye ibikorwa byinshi byo gutoranya kuruta selile zashyizwe kuri CDS kandi zidafite urutonde.Kuberako ibyiyumvo bya PI na neuron byombi bifitanye isano na CP, twakoze isesengura ryinshi ryo gusubira inyuma (hamwe na PI na neuron sensitivite nkibihinduka byigenga na CP nini nkibihinduka biterwa) kugirango twirinde isano iri hagati yingamba zombi ziganisha ku ngaruka zishobora kubaho.. Coefficients zombi zifitanye isano (monkey N: imbago na CP: r = −0.13, p = 0.04, PI na CP: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende S: imbago na CP: r = −0.16, p = 0.03, PI vs CP: 0.29, p <10−3), byerekana ko CP yiyongera hamwe na sensitivite kandi muburyo bwigenga bwiyongera hamwe na PI. Coefficients zombi zifitanye isano (monkey N: imbago na CP: r = −0.13, p = 0.04, PI na CP: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende S: imbago na CP: r = −0.16, p = 0.03, PI vs CP: 0.29, p <10−3), byerekana ko CP yiyongera hamwe na sensitivite kandi muburyo bwigenga bwiyongera hamwe na PI. Оба частных коэффенента корреляции были значимыми (о yinьяна N: порог против CP: r = -0,13, p = 0,04, PI против CP: r = 0,23, p <0,01; о ьяьяьяья С S: порог провай CP: r = -0,16, p = 0,09, PI ичивается с чувствительностью и независимым обреличивается с PI. Coefficient zombi zifitanye isano zingenzi (inguge N: imbago na CP: r = -0.13, p = 0.04, PI na CP: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende S: imbago na CP: r = -0.16, p = 0.03, PI vs CP: 0.29, p <10-3), byerekana ko CP yiyongera hamwe na sensibilité kandi ikiyongera mubwigenge hamwe na PI.两个 偏 相关 系数 均 着 着 猴子 N ： 阈 值 与 CP ： r = -0.13 ， p = 0.04 ， PI 与 CP ： r = 0.23 ， p <0.01 ；以 独立 方式 随 PI 增加。两个 偏 相关 系数 均 显 着 （猴子 N ： 阈 值 与 CP ： r = -0.13 ， p = 0.04 ， PI = 0.03 ， PI vs CP ： 0.29 ， p <10-3） ， 表明 CP Оба частных коэфффенента корреляции были значимыми (о yinьяна N: порог против CP: r = -0,13, p = 0,04, PI против CP: r = 0,23, p <0,01; о ьяьяьяাнаа S: порог проава CP: r = -0,16, p = 0,03) что CP увеличивалась с чувствительностью и увеличивалась с PI независимым обомом. Coefficient zombi zifitanye isano zingenzi (inguge N: imbago na CP: r = -0.13, p = 0.04, PI na CP: r = 0.23, p <0.01; inkende S: imbago na CP: r = -0.16, p = 0.03, PI vs CP: 0.29, p <10-3), byerekana ko CP yiyongereye hamwe na PI muburyo bwigenga.
Twanditse igikorwa kimwe mukarere ka MT, maze inkende zitangaza uko zumva imiterere ishobora kugaragara nkigikorwa kimwe cyangwa kiboneye.Ibyiyumvo bya neuron kumirongo yibice byongewe kumyumvire ibogamye biratandukanye cyane kandi bigenwa, byibuze igice, nubusabane hagati yicyerekezo cyerekezo cyerekezo nicyerekezo cyo gukangura.Mu baturage bose, ibyiyumvo bya neuronal byari hasi cyane ugereranije na psychophysical sensitivite, nubwo ibice byunvikana byahuye cyangwa birenze imyumvire yimyitwarire yibimenyetso.Mubyongeyeho, hariho ubufatanye bukomeye hagati yo kurasa inshuro no kwiyumvisha, byerekana ko ikimenyetso cya MT kigira uruhare mubice.Ingirabuzimafatizo zifite icyerekezo cyiza zahinduye ibyiyumvo byazo muburyo butandukanye bwo gutandukanya ibimenyetso bya lattice kandi bikunda kwerekana ibimenyetso byisi yose mubitera imbaraga hamwe nibyerekezo byinshi byaho, byerekana isano iri hejuru yo kwiyumvisha ibintu.Hano turasuzuma ibibazo bimwe bishoboka mbere yo kugereranya ibisubizo nakazi kashize.
Ikibazo gikomeye cyubushakashatsi ukoresheje ibintu bitera imbaraga muburyo bwinyamanswa nuko ibisubizo byimyitwarire bidashobora gushingira kurwego rwinyungu.Kurugero, inkende zacu zishobora gutanga raporo yimyumvire yimiterere yimiterere ititaye kumyumvire yabo ya coherence.Ibice bibiri byamakuru byerekana ko atari ko bimeze.Ubwa mbere, ukurikije raporo zabanjirije iyi, guhindura icyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo cyo gutandukanya ibice bigize ibice byahinduye uburyo bwo guhuza imyumvire.Icya kabiri, ugereranije, ingaruka nimwe mubishusho birimo cyangwa bitarimo ibimenyetso byimiterere.Ufatiye hamwe, ibi byagaragaye byerekana ko ibisubizo by'inguge byerekana buri gihe imyumvire yabo yo guhuza / gukorera mu mucyo.
Ikindi kibazo gishobora kuba nuko tutigeze tunonosora ibipimo byerekana ibintu byihariye.Mubikorwa byinshi byabanjirije kugereranya ibyiyumvo bya neuronal na psychophysical sensitivite, ibitera imbaraga byatoranijwe kugiti cya buri gice cyanditswe [31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45].Hano twakoresheje icyerekezo kimwe cyerekezo cyimikorere ya lattice tutitaye kumahinduka yicyerekezo cya buri selire.Igishushanyo cyadushoboje kwiga uburyo sensitivite yahindutse hamwe no guhuzagurika hagati yimikorere ya lattice hamwe nicyerekezo cyerekanwe, icyakora, ntabwo yatanze ishingiro ryambere ryo kumenya niba selile zikunda guhuza cyangwa gukorera mu mucyo.Kubwibyo, twishingikirije kubipimo bifatika, dukoresheje igisubizo cya buri selire kuri mesh yuzuye, kugirango dushyireho ibyifuzo na zeru kuri buri cyiciro cyimikorere ya mesh.Nubwo bidashoboka, ibi birashobora guhindura ibisubizo byisesengura ryibyiyumvo byacu hamwe no kumenya ibimenyetso bya CP, birashoboka cyane kurenza urugero.Nyamara, ibintu byinshi byisesengura namakuru yavuzwe hepfo yerekana ko ataribyo.
Ubwa mbere, gutanga amazina yatoranijwe (null) kubitekerezo bitera ibikorwa byinshi (bike) ntabwo byagize ingaruka kubitandukanya nibisubizo byatanzwe.Ahubwo, iremeza gusa ko imikorere ya neurometric na psychometrike ifite ikimenyetso kimwe, kuburyo ishobora kugereranwa muburyo butaziguye.Icya kabiri, ibisubizo byakoreshejwe mukubara CP (ibigeragezo "bitari byo" kubijyanye no kwinezeza byanditse hamwe nibigeragezo byose kubishimisha ntaho bihuriye nuburyo) ntabwo byashyizwe mubisesengura ryisubiramo ryerekana niba buri selile "ikunda" siporo ihuza cyangwa ikorera mu mucyo.Ibi byemeza ko ingaruka zo guhitamo zitabogamye kubintu byatoranijwe / bitemewe, bivamo guhitamo gukomeye.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Newsom na bagenzi be [36, 39, 46, 47] ni bwo bwa mbere bwerekanye uruhare rwa MT mu kugereranya ikigereranyo cyerekezo.Raporo yakurikiyeho yakusanyije amakuru yerekeye uruhare rwa MT mubwimbitse 34,44,48,49,50,51 n'umuvuduko32,52, icyerekezo cyiza33 no kumva imiterere ya 3D kuva kuri 31,53,54 (amashyamba arambye ya 3D).gutegeka).Twongereye ibisubizo muburyo bubiri bwingenzi.Ubwa mbere, turatanga ibimenyetso byerekana ko ibisubizo bya MT bigira uruhare mubice byo gutandukanya ibimenyetso bya visuomotor.Icya kabiri, twabonye isano iri hagati yo guhitamo icyerekezo cya MT nicyerekezo cyo guhitamo.
Mubisanzwe, ibisubizo byubu birasa cyane nakazi kakozwe kuri 3-D SFM, kuko byombi ni imyumvire igoye ijyanye no kugenda no gutondekanya ubujyakuzimu.Dodd et al.31 yasanze amahirwe menshi yo guhitamo (0.67) mumurimo w'inguge utanga icyerekezo cyerekezo cya silindiri ya 3D SFM.Twabonye uburyo buto bwo gutoranya imbaraga za bistable grid stimulus (hafi 0.55 kubinkende byombi).Kubera ko isuzuma rya CP riterwa na coefficient yo gutoranya, biragoye gusobanura CP yabonetse mubihe bitandukanye mubikorwa bitandukanye.Nyamara, ubunini bwingaruka zo guhitamo twabonye bwari bumwe kuri zeru no hasi yo gutandukanya ibishushanyo mbonera, kandi nanone mugihe twahujije ibintu bike / nta tandukaniro rishingiye ku miterere kugirango twongere imbaraga.Kubwibyo, iri tandukaniro muri CP ntirishobora guterwa no gutandukanya ibiciro byo guhitamo hagati yamakuru.
Impinduka zoroheje mubipimo bya firime ya MT iherekeza imyumvire muribihe byanyuma bisa nkibitangaje ugereranije na leta zikomeye kandi zujuje ubuziranenge imyumvire iterwa na 3-D SFM itera imbaraga hamwe na gride ya bistable.Ikintu kimwe gishoboka nuko twasuzuguye ingaruka zo guhitamo tubara igipimo cyo kurasa mugihe cyose cyo gukangura.Bitandukanye na 31 3-D SFM, aho itandukaniro ryibikorwa bya MT ryateye imbere nka ms 250 mu bigeragezo hanyuma rikagenda ryiyongera mu bigeragezo byose, isesengura ry’ingufu zagateganyo zerekana ibimenyetso byatoranijwe (reba ms 500 nyuma yo gukanguka gutangiriye mu nguge zombi. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo kuzamuka gukabije muri iki gihe, twabonye ihindagurika ryinshi muri CP mu gihe cy’ibisigisigi byakurikiranwe. , imyumvire y'inguge yacu irashobora kandi gutandukana muburyo bwo guhuza no gukorera mu mucyo mugihe cyiburanisha (ibisubizo byabo byagaragazaga imyumvire yabo ya nyuma muguhitamo umurongo.) Kubwibyo rero, igihe cyigihe cyo gukora cyinshingano zacu, cyangwa gahunda aho inkende zishobora guhora zitangaza imyumvire yazo, byitezwe ko bizagira ingaruka nini zo guhitamo.Ibishoboka byanyuma ni uko ibimenyetso bya MTN bisomwa muburyo butandukanye byerekana ko ibimenyetso bya MT7 bisomwa hamwe na hamwe. ingamba, aho kuba urwego rwibihinduka bifitanye isano, birashobora gusobanura neza CPU muri dorsal media-isumba iyigihe gito ya neuron.urupapuro rwo guhindura icyerekezo cyo kumenyekanisha umurimo (MSTd).Ingaruka ntoya yo gutoranya twabonye muri MT birashoboka ko yerekana uburyo bwinshi bwo gukusanya amakuru menshi ya neuron yo hasi-itanga amakuru kugirango habeho imyumvire yo guhuza cyangwa gukorera mu mucyo.Ibyo ari byo byose aho ibimenyetso byerekanwe bigomba guhurizwa hamwe mubintu bibiri cyangwa bibiri (ibishimisha bistable) cyangwa ubuso butandukanye bwibintu bisanzwe (3-D SFM), ibimenyetso byigenga byerekana ko ibisubizo bya MT byari bifitanye isano cyane no guca imanza, hari ibisubizo bikomeye bya MT.birasabwa kugira uruhare mukugabana amashusho agoye mubice byinshi ukoresheje amakuru yerekanwe.
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, twabaye abambere gutanga raporo yerekana isano iri hagati yimikorere ya selile ya selile na imyumvire.Nkuko byateguwe muburyo bwambere ibyiciro bibiri byakozwe na Movshon na bagenzi be, moderi yuburyo nuburyo bwo gusohora MT.Nyamara, imirimo ya vuba yerekanye ko uburyo nibigize selile byerekana impera zinyuranye zumukomeza kandi ko itandukaniro ryibintu muburyo bwimiterere yumurima wakira rishinzwe guhuza ibice bigize uburyo.Kubwibyo, twasanze isano iri hagati ya CP na PI, bisa nubusabane hagati ya binocular idahuye noguhuza guhuza hamwe na CP mugikorwa cyo kumenyekanisha byimbitse cyangwa icyerekezo cyo gushyiraho icyerekezo mubikorwa byiza byo kuvangura.Isano iri hagati yinyandiko na CP 33.Wang na Movshon62 basesenguye umubare munini w'utugari dufite guhitamo icyerekezo cya MT basanga ko, ugereranije, icyerekezo cyerekana uburyo cyahujwe nimiterere myinshi yo guhuza, byerekana ko guhitamo uburyo bibaho mubindi byapa byinshi bishobora gusomwa mubaturage ba MT..Kubwibyo, kubushakashatsi buzaza kubyerekeye isano iri hagati yibikorwa bya MT hamwe nu myumvire ifatika, bizaba ngombwa kumenya niba igipimo cyerekana icyitegererezo gifitanye isano kimwe nindi mirimo hamwe nibimenyetso byo gutoranya ibintu, cyangwa niba iyi sano yihariye kubibazo byo gutandukanya ibitekerezo.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Nienborg na Cumming 42 basanze ko nubwo ingirabuzimafatizo zegeranye na kure zatoranijwe zidahuye na binocular muri V2 nazo zumvaga kimwe mu gikorwa cy’ivangura ryimbitse, gusa abaturage b’akagari bakunda guhitamo bagaragaje CP ikomeye.Ariko, kongera imyitozo yinguge kuburemere butandukanye kure byavuyemo CPs zikomeye mumagambo meza.Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye kandi ko amateka y’amahugurwa aterwa no guhuza ibitekerezo 34,40,63 cyangwa isano itera hagati yibikorwa bya MT n'ivangura ritandukanye48.Umubano twabonye hagati ya CP no guhitamo icyerekezo cyo guhitamo birashoboka kwerekana ingamba zihariye inguge zakoresheje mugukemura ikibazo cyacu, kandi ntabwo uruhare rwihariye rwibimenyetso byo guhitamo uburyo mubitekerezo bya moteri.Mubikorwa biri imbere, bizaba ngombwa kumenya niba amateka yo kwiga afite uruhare runini mukumenya ibimenyetso bya MT biremereye cyane kandi byoroshye kugirango bacire ibice.
Stoner na bagenzi be14,23 ni bo babanje gutanga raporo bavuga ko guhindura urumuri rw’uturere twinshi cyane byahanuye ko byagize ingaruka ku guhuza no gukorera mu mucyo raporo z’indorerezi z’abantu no guhindura icyerekezo muri neurone ya macaque MT.Abanditsi basanze ko iyo umucyo w’uturere twuzuzanya uhuye n’umucyo, ababikurikiranira hafi bavuze ko imyumvire iboneye, mu gihe MT neuron ya MTN yerekanaga urujya n'uruza rw'ibigize raster.Ku rundi ruhande, iyo urumuri rwinshi hamwe no gukorera mu mucyo bidahuye ku mubiri, indorerezi ibona kugenda bihuje, kandi neurone ya MT yerekana ko isi igenda ikurikirana.Rero, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko impinduka zumubiri mubitera imbaraga zigira ingaruka zizewe kuri raporo yibice nabyo bitera impinduka ziteganijwe muri MT arousal.Ibikorwa biherutse gukorwa muri kano karere byagaragaje ibimenyetso bya MT bikurikirana isura igaragara yimitekerereze igoye 18,24,64.Kurugero, agace ka neurone ya MT yerekanwe kwerekana bimodal guhuza ikarita yimikorere idasanzwe (RDK) ifite ibyerekezo bibiri bidafite umwanya muto ugereranije na RDK idafite icyerekezo.Umuyoboro mugari wa selile uhuza 19, 25.Indorerezi zihora zibona uburyo bwa mbere nkigikorwa kiboneye, nubwo MT neuron nyinshi ya MT igaragaza imiterere ihindagurika idasanzwe kugirango isubize ibyo bitera imbaraga, kandi impuzandengo yoroheje yingirabuzimafatizo zose za MT itanga igisubizo cyabaturage.Rero, agace ka selile yerekana bimodal tuning irashobora gukora substrate ya neural substrate kuriyi myumvire.Igishimishije, muri marmosets, aba baturage bahuje selile PDS mugihe bapimwe bakoresheje gride isanzwe hamwe na gride.
Ibisubizo byacu bigenda intambwe imwe kurenza ibyavuzwe haruguru, nibyingenzi mugushiraho uruhare rwa MT mubice byo gushishoza.Mubyukuri, gutandukanya ni ibintu bifatika.Amashusho menshi yerekana amashusho yerekana ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo kureba gutunganya no gusobanura ibitera imbaraga muburyo bumwe.Icyarimwe gukusanya ibisubizo byubwonko hamwe na raporo yubushishozi mubushakashatsi bwacu byadushoboje kumenya isano iri hagati yikigereranyo cya MT cyo kurasa hamwe nubusobanuro bwimbitse bwo guhora dukangura.Tumaze kwerekana iyi sano, twemera ko icyerekezo cya nyirabayazana kitashyizweho, ni ukuvuga ko hakenewe ubundi bushakashatsi kugira ngo hamenyekane niba ikimenyetso cyo gutandukanya imyumvire twabonye natwe, nkuko bamwe babivuga [65, 66, 67], byikora.Inzira irongera kwerekana ibimenyetso bimanuka bigaruka kuri cortex yumva kuva ahantu hirengeye 68, 69, 70 (Ishusho 8).Raporo y’igice kinini cy’utugingo ngengabuzima twahisemo muri MSTd71, imwe mu ntego nyamukuru za MT, zerekana ko kwagura ubu bushakashatsi kugira ngo ushiremo amajwi icyarimwe MT na MSTd byaba ari intambwe yambere yo kurushaho gusobanukirwa uburyo bw’imyumvire bw’imyumvire.Igice.
Icyiciro cyibice bibiri bigize ibice hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo icyerekezo hamwe ningaruka zishobora gutangwa hejuru-hasi kubikorwa bijyanye no guhitamo muguhindura imashini.Hano, icyerekezo cyerekezo cyo guhitamo (PDS - “P”) murwego rwa MT cyakozwe na (i) icyitegererezo kinini cyicyerekezo cyatoranijwe cyinjiza amakuru ajyanye numuvuduko wihariye, na (ii) guhagarika gukomeye.Icyerekezo cyatoranijwe (CDS) igice cya MT (“C”) gifite icyiciro gito cyo gutoranya icyerekezo cyinjira kandi ntigifite uburyo bwo guhagarika cyane.Kubuzwa bidateganijwe bitanga kugenzura kubaturage bombi.Imyambi y'amabara yerekana igikoresho cyatoranijwe.Kubisobanutse, gusa igice cya V1-MT ihuza hamwe nuburyo bumwe bwibice hamwe nicyerekezo cyo guhitamo icyerekezo kirerekanwa.Mu rwego rwo gusobanura ibyokurya-byimbere (FF) ibisubizo, uburyo bwagutse bwo kwinjiza no gukumira gukomeye (byerekanwe kumutuku) muri selile PDS byateje itandukaniro rinini mubikorwa hasubijwe uburyo bwinshi bwo kugenda.Mu kibazo cyacu cyo gutandukanya, iri tsinda ritwara iminyururu ifata ibyemezo kandi rigoreka imyumvire.Ibinyuranye, mugihe cyo gutanga ibitekerezo (FB), ibyemezo byo gushishoza bitangwa mumuzunguruko wo hejuru ukoresheje amakuru yunvikana hamwe no kubogama kubogamye, kandi ingaruka nini ya FB yo hepfo kumasoko ya PDS (imirongo yimbitse) itanga ibimenyetso byo guhitamo.b Igishushanyo cyerekana ubundi buryo bwa CDS nibikoresho bya PDS.Hano ibimenyetso bya PDS muri MT ntabwo byakozwe gusa ninjiza itaziguye ya V1, ahubwo bininjizwa muburyo butaziguye bwinzira ya V1-V2-MT.Inzira zitaziguye z'icyitegererezo zahinduwe kugirango zitange guhitamo imipaka yimiterere (grid overlapping areas).MT layer CDS module ikora igiteranyo kiremereye cyibintu bitaziguye kandi bitaziguye kandi byohereza ibisohoka muri module ya PDS.PDS igengwa no kubuza irushanwa.Na none, gusa ayo masano yerekanwe akenewe gushushanya ibyingenzi byububiko.Hano, uburyo butandukanye bwa FF burenze ubwo bwatanzwe mubishobora kuganisha ku guhinduka kwinshi mubisubizo bya selile ya selile kuri PDS, byongeye biganisha kubogama muburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo.Ubundi, CP nini muri selile PDS irashobora kuba ibisubizo byo kubogama mumbaraga cyangwa imikorere ya FB kumugereka wa PDS.Ibimenyetso bishyigikira ibyiciro bibiri na bitatu bya MT PDS hamwe nibisobanuro bya CP FF na FB.
Makaka ebyiri zikuze (macaca mulatta), umugabo umwe n’umugore umwe (ufite imyaka 7 na 5), ​​ipima kg 4,5 kugeza 9.0, yakoreshejwe nkibikoresho byo kwiga.Mbere yubushakashatsi bwose bwo kubaga sterile, inyamaswa zashyizwemo icyumba cyabigenewe cyo gufata amajwi ya electrode ihagaritse yegereye agace ka MT, igihagararo cy’icyuma kitagira umwanda (Crist Instruments, Hagerstown, MD), hamwe n’amaso hamwe n’igipapuro cyashakishijwe gipima.(Cooner Wire, San Diego, California).Porotokole zose zubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ishami ry’ubuhinzi muri Amerika (USDA) n’amabwiriza y’ikigo cy’igihugu cyita ku buzima (NIH) yerekeye kwita ku bantu no gukoresha inyamaswa zo muri laboratoire kandi byemejwe na komite ishinzwe kwita ku nyamaswa n’ikoreshwa rya kaminuza ya Chicago (IAUKC).
Ibintu byose biboneka byerekanwe muburyo buzengurutse umukara cyangwa imvi.Mugihe cyo gufata amajwi, umwanya na diameter yu mwobo byahinduwe bikurikije umurima wa kera wakira neuron ku isonga rya electrode.Twakoresheje ibyiciro bibiri bigari byo gukurura amashusho: imitekerereze ya psychometrike no guhuza ibitekerezo.
Imyitwarire ya psychometrike ni uburyo bwo gushimira (20 cd / m2, 50% bitandukanye, 50% byinshingano, 5 dogere / amasegonda) byakozwe no kurenga ibice bibiri byurukiramende bigenda byerekeza mubyerekezo byabo (Ishusho 1b).Byerekanwe mbere ko indorerezi zabantu zibona ubwo buryo bwa gride nkibintu bitera imbaraga, rimwe na rimwe nkuburyo bumwe bugenda mu cyerekezo kimwe (coherent movement) ndetse rimwe na rimwe nkibice bibiri bitandukanye bigenda byerekeza mubyerekezo bitandukanye (kugenda mucyo).ibice bigize ishusho ya lattice, yerekanwe muburyo bumwe - inguni iri hagati ya lattike kuva kuri 95 ° kugeza 130 ° (yakuwe kumurongo: 95 °, 100 °, 105 °, 115 °, 120 °, 125 °, 130 ° °, mugihe cyose icyiciro cya neurone kuri 115 ° ntabwo cyabitswe, ariko dushyiramo amakuru ya psychophysical hano) - hafi 90 ° cyangwa 270 ° (icyerekezo cyerekana).Muri buri cyiciro, hakoreshejwe imfuruka imwe gusa ya latlatice interlattice;muri buri cyiciro, icyerekezo cyicyitegererezo kuri buri kigeragezo cyatoranijwe muburyo bubiri bushoboka.
Kugirango duhindure imyumvire ya gride kandi dutange ishingiro ryigihembo cyigihembo cyibikorwa, twinjiza ingingo zidasanzwe mumurongo wumucyo intambwe ya 72 ya buri kintu kigizwe na gride.Ibi bigerwaho no kongera cyangwa kugabanuka (ku mubare uteganijwe) umucyo wa sisitemu yatoranijwe ku bushake ya pigiseli (Ishusho 1c).Icyerekezo cyimiterere yimiterere gitanga ikimenyetso gikomeye gihindura imyumvire yindorerezi kugana hamwe cyangwa kugaragara neza (Ishusho 1c).Mugihe cyimiterere ihuriweho, imiterere yose, tutitaye kubice bigize ibice bitwikiriye, bisobanurwa mubyerekezo byerekana (Ishusho 1c, coherent).Muburyo buboneye, ibimera bigenda byerekeza ku cyerekezo cya gritingi itwikiriye (Ishusho 1c, mucyo) (Filime yinyongera 1).Kugenzura ibintu bigoye, mumasomo menshi itandukaniro rya Michelson (Lmax-Lmin / Lmax + Lmin) kuri iki kimenyetso cyerekana imiterere itandukanye (-80, -40, -20, -10, -5, 0, 5)., 10, 20, 40, 80).Itandukaniro risobanurwa nkurumuri rugereranije rwa raster (bityo itandukaniro ryagaciro rya 80% byavamo imiterere ya 36 cyangwa 6 cd / m2).Kumasomo 6 muri monkey N na 5 amasomo ya monkey S, twakoresheje itandukaniro rito ryerekana itandukaniro (-30, -20, -15, -10, -5, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30), aho ibiranga psychophysical bikurikiza icyitegererezo kimwe cyo gutandukana kwuzuye, ariko tutuzuye.
Guhuza imbaraga ni gride ya sinusoidal (itandukanye 50%, 1 cycle / dogere, dogere 5 / sek) igenda muri kimwe mu byerekezo 16 bingana, cyangwa gride ya sinusoidal igenda yerekeza muri ibyo byerekezo (igizwe na mpande ebyiri zinyuranye 135 ° zirenze sinusoidal zishimishije hejuru yizindi).mu cyerekezo kimwe cyicyitegererezo.