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Uburumbuke bwinyoni biterwa nubushobozi bwabo bwo kubika intanga ngabo zihagije mugihe kinini mugihe cyo kubika intanga (SST).Uburyo nyabwo spermatozoya yinjira, guturamo, no kuva muri SST bikomeje kutavugwaho rumwe.Intanga ngabo z'inkoko za sharkasi zerekanaga cyane ko ziglutination, zikora imigozi igendanwa irimo selile nyinshi.Kubera ingorane zo kwitegereza umuvuduko nimyitwarire ya spermatozoya mumiyoboro itagaragara, twakoresheje igikoresho cya microfluidic gifite microchannel yambukiranya ibice bisa na spermatozoya kugirango twige spermatozoya agglutination na moteri.Ubu bushakashatsi buganira ku buryo intanga ngabo zikora, uko zigenda, n'uruhare rwabo mu kwagura intanga muri SST.Twakoze ubushakashatsi ku muvuduko wintanga nimyitwarire ya rheologiya mugihe amazi yatembaga mumiyoboro ya microfluidic numuvuduko wa hydrostatike (umuvuduko = 33 µm / s).Intanga ngabo ikunda koga irwanya ubu (rheologiya nziza) kandi umuvuduko wa spermatozoon bundle ugabanuka cyane ugereranije na spermatozoya imwe.Intanga ngabo zagaragaye zigendagenda muri spiral no kwiyongera muburebure no mubyimbye nkuko intanga nyinshi zinjizwa. Intanga ngabo zagaragaye zegera kandi zifatira ku kayira kegereye imiyoboro ya microfluidic kugirango birinde gutwarwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi> 33 µm / s. Intanga ngabo zagaragaye zegera kandi zifatira ku kayira kegereye imiyoboro ya microfluidic kugirango birinde gutwarwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi> 33 µm / s. Было замечено, что пучки спер музозоидов приближаются и прилипают к боковым мкакам матфлюидных панов, ч чы избежать сметания со скоросту потока жидкости> 33 мкм / с. Intanga ngabo zagaragaye zegera kandi zifatira ku rukuta rw'uruhande rw'imiyoboro ya microfluidic kugirango birinde gutwarwa n'umuvuduko w'amazi> 33 µm / s.观察 到 精子 束 接近 粘附 粘附 在 微 通道 的 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 µm / s 扫过。33 µm / s 扫过。 Было замечено, что пучки спер музозоидов приближаются и прилипают к боковым мкакам мжидкостного канала, ч чы избежать сметания потоком жидкости со секоростю> 33 мкм / с. Intanga ngabo zagaragaye zegera kandi zifatira ku rukuta rw'uruhande rw'umuyoboro wa microfluidic kugirango wirinde gutwarwa n'amazi atemba kuri> 33 µm / s.Gusikana no gukwirakwiza microscopi ya electron byagaragaje ko intanga ngabo zashyigikiwe nibikoresho byinshi.Amakuru yabonetse yerekana umuvuduko udasanzwe wa spermatozoa yinkoko ya Sharkazi, hamwe nubushobozi bwa spermatozoya yo guteranya no gukora imigozi igendanwa, bigira uruhare mugusobanukirwa neza kubika igihe kirekire intanga ngabo muri SMT.
Kugirango ugere ku ifumbire mu bantu no ku nyamaswa nyinshi, intanga ngabo n'amagi bigomba kugera aho byatewe mu gihe gikwiye.Kubwibyo, gushyingiranwa bigomba kubaho mbere cyangwa mugihe cyo gutera intanga.Ku rundi ruhande, inyamaswa z’inyamabere zimwe na zimwe, nk'imbwa, ndetse n’ubwoko butari inyamaswa z’inyamabere, nk'udukoko, amafi, ibikururuka hasi, n’inyoni, bibika intanga mu ngingo z’imyororokere igihe kinini kugeza igihe amagi yabo yiteguye gusama (ifumbire idahwitse 1).Inyoni zirashobora kugumana ubuzima bwa spermatozoya zishobora gutera amagi ibyumweru 2-102.
Iki nikintu kidasanzwe gitandukanya inyoni nizindi nyamaswa, kuko zitanga amahirwe menshi yo gusama nyuma yo gutera intanga imwe ibyumweru byinshi nta guhuza icyarimwe hamwe na ovulation.Urugingo nyamukuru rwo kubika intanga, rwitwa intanga zo kubika intanga (SST), ruherereye mumitsi yimbere imbere ihurira na nyababyeyi.Kugeza ubu, uburyo intanga zinjira, gutura, no gusohoka muri banki yintanga ntabwo byumvikana neza.Ukurikije ubushakashatsi bwabanje, hypotheses nyinshi zashyizwe imbere, ariko ntanumwe wemejwe.
Forman4 yemeje ko spermatozoya ikomeza gutura mu cyuho cya SST binyuze mu guhora guhindagurika ku cyerekezo cy’amazi atembera mu miyoboro ya poroteyine iherereye mu ngirabuzimafatizo za SST (rheologiya).ATP iragabanuka kubera ibikorwa bihoraho byerekana ibikenewe kugirango intanga ngabo zigume muri SST kandi umuvuduko ugenda ugabanuka kugeza igihe intanga ngabo zivuye muri banki yintanga ziva mumazi hanyuma zigatangira urugendo rushya kumanuka uzamuka kugirango utere intanga.Amagi (Forman4).Ubu buryo bwo kubika intanga bushyigikiwe no gutahura na immunocytochemie ya aquaporine 2, 3 na 9 ziboneka muri selile epithelial selile.Kugeza magingo aya, ubushakashatsi bwerekeye amasohoro y’inkoko n’uruhare rwayo mu kubika SST, guhitamo intanga ngabo, no guhatanira intanga.Mu nkoko, intanga zinjira mu gitsina nyuma yo guhuza bisanzwe, ariko hejuru ya 80% ya spermatozoya isohoka mu gitsina nyuma gato yo gushyingiranwa.Ibi birerekana ko igituba aricyo kibanza cyambere cyo gutoranya intanga mu nyoni.Byongeye kandi, byavuzwe ko munsi ya 1% ya spermatozoya ifumbira mu gitsina irangirira muri SSTs2.Mu gutera intanga inkoko mu gitsina, umubare wa spermatozoa ugera kuri SST ukunda kwiyongera nyuma yamasaha 24 yo gutera intanga.Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo guhitamo intanga muri iki gikorwa ntibisobanutse, kandi umuvuduko wintanga urashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufata intanga za SST.Bitewe nurukuta runini kandi rutagaragara rw'igituba cya fallopian, biragoye gukurikirana mu buryo butaziguye umuvuduko w'intanga mu miyoboro y'inyoni.Kubwibyo, tubuze ubumenyi bwibanze bwukuntu spermatozoya ihinduka muri SST nyuma yo gusama.
Rheologiya iherutse kumenyekana nkikintu cyingenzi kigenzura ubwikorezi bwintanga ngabo.Hashingiwe ku bushobozi bwa spermatozoa ya motile yimuka icyarimwe, Zaferani et al8 yakoresheje sisitemu ya microfluidic ya corra kugirango itandukane byimazeyo spermatozoya ya motile hamwe namasohoro yanditse.Ubu bwoko bw'amasohoro ni ngombwa mu kuvura ubugumba no kuvura kwa muganga, kandi bukundwa kuruta uburyo gakondo butwara igihe kandi bukora cyane kandi bushobora guhungabanya intanga ngabo n'ubunyangamugayo.Nyamara, kugeza ubu, nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ngaruka ziva mu myanya ndangagitsina y’inkoko ku ntanga ngabo.
Hatitawe ku buryo butuma intanga zibikwa muri SST, abashakashatsi benshi basanze intanga ngabo zituye spermatozoa agglutinate imitwe-imitwe muri SST yinkoko 9, 10, inkware 2, na turukiya 11 kugirango zibe intanga ngabo.Abanditsi bavuga ko hari isano hagati yiyi agglutination nububiko bwigihe kirekire bwa spermatozoya muri SST.
Tingari na Lake12 bavuze ko hari isano ikomeye hagati ya spermatozoya muri glande yakira intanga zinkoko maze ibaza niba spermatozoa yo mu bwoko bwa agglutinate kimwe na spermatozoya y’inyamabere.Bizera ko isano iri hagati yintanga muri vas deferens ishobora guterwa nihungabana riterwa no kuba hari intanga nyinshi mumwanya muto.
Iyo usuzumye imyitwarire ya spermatozoya kumurongo mushya wamanitse ibirahuri, ibimenyetso byigihe gito bya agglutination birashobora kugaragara, cyane cyane kumpera yigitonyanga cyamasohoro.Nyamara, agglutination yakunze guhungabanywa nigikorwa cyo kuzenguruka kijyanye no gukomeza kugenda, bisobanura imiterere yinzibacyuho.Abashakashatsi kandi babonye ko iyo diluent yongewemo amasohoro, hagaragara uturemangingo twinshi "tumeze nk'urudodo".
Kugerageza kwigana intanga ngabo hakiri kare byakozwe mugukuraho insinga yoroheje kumanikwa kumanikwa, ibyo bikaba byaviriyemo intanga ndende imeze nkintanga ngabo ziva kumatembabuzi.Intanga ngabo zahise zitonda umurongo muburyo bubangikanye muri vicle, ariko igice cyose cyahise kibura kubera 3D igarukira.Kubwibyo, kwiga spermatozoa agglutination, birakenewe ko twitegereza umuvuduko nimyitwarire ya spermatozoya muburyo butagaragara bwo kubika intanga, bigoye kubigeraho.Niyo mpamvu, birakenewe gutezimbere igikoresho cyigana spermatozoya kugirango dushyigikire ubushakashatsi bwimikorere yintanga nimyitwarire ya agglutination.Brillard et al13 yatangaje ko impuzandengo yuburebure bwintanga zibika intanga mu nkoko zikuze ari 400-600 µm, ariko SST zimwe zishobora kuba ndende nka 2000 µm.Mero na Ogasawara14 bagabanije glande ya seminiferous mubice binini kandi bitagutse byo kubika intanga ngabo, byombi byari bimwe muburebure (~ 500 µm) n'ubugari bw'ijosi (~ 38 µm), ariko hagati ya diameter ya lumen ya tubules yari 56,6 na 56,6 µm.., 11.2 mkm.Mu bushakashatsi burimo, twakoresheje igikoresho cya microfluidic gifite umuyoboro ungana na 200 µm × 20 µm (W × H), igice cyambukiranya kikaba cyegereye hafi ya SST yongerewe.Twongeyeho, twasuzumye umuvuduko wintanga nimyitwarire ya agglutination mumazi atemba, ibyo bikaba bihuye na hypothesis ya Foreman ivuga ko amazi akorwa na selile epithelial selile agumana intanga mumyanya mu cyerekezo kinyuranye (rheologiya).
Icyari kigamijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi kwari ugutsinda ibibazo byo kureba umuvuduko wa spermatozoya mu muyoboro wa fallopian no kwirinda ingorane zo kwiga rheologiya n’imyitwarire ya spermatozoya mu bidukikije bifite imbaraga.Hifashishijwe ibikoresho bya microfluidic bitera umuvuduko wa hydrostatike kugirango bigereranye intanga ngabo mu gitsina cyinkoko.
Iyo igitonyanga cyintangangabo zivanze (1:40) zashyizwe mubikoresho bya mikorobe, ubwoko bubiri bwimikorere yintanga bwashoboraga kumenyekana (intanga zitaruye hamwe nintanga ziboshye).Byongeye kandi, spermatozoya yakunze koga irwanya ikigezweho (rheologiya nziza; videwo 1, 2). Nubwo intanga ngabo zifite umuvuduko muke ugereranije n’intanga zonyine (p <0.001), zongereye ijanisha ryintanga zigaragaza rheotaxis nziza (p <0.001; Imbonerahamwe 2). Nubwo intanga ngabo zifite umuvuduko muke ugereranije n’intanga zonyine (p <0.001), zongereye ijanisha ryintanga zigaragaza rheotaxis nziza (p <0.001; Imbonerahamwe 2). Хотя пучки спер тузоидов имели более низкую скорость, чем у одиночных спер мозозидов (p <0,001), Nubwo imigozi ya spermatozoya yari ifite umuvuduko muke ugereranije na spermatozoya imwe (p <0.001), bongereye ijanisha rya spermatozoya yerekana rheotaxis nziza (p <0.001; Imbonerahamwe 2).<精子 束 的 速度 低于 孤独 精子 <<p <0.001） ， 但 它们 增加 了 显示 <<尽管 精子 束 的 速度 低于 孤独 的 <p <0.001） ， 但 增加 了 <<<<<< Хотя скорость пу чов спер Музозоидов б ман ниже, чем у одиночных спер зозоидов (p <0,001), Nubwo umuvuduko wintanga zintanga wari munsi ugereranije na spermatozoya imwe (p <0.001), bongereye ijanisha rya spermatozoya hamwe na rheologiya nziza (p <0.001; Imbonerahamwe 2).Imvugo nziza kuri spermatozoya imwe na tufe igereranijwe hafi 53% na 85%.
Byaragaragaye ko spermatozoya yinkoko za sharkasi ako kanya nyuma yo gusohora zigizwe numurongo umwe, ugizwe nabantu benshi.Utu tubuto twiyongera muburebure no mubyimbye mugihe kandi birashobora kuguma muri vitro amasaha menshi mbere yo gutandukana (video 3).Iyi bundile yuzuye ifite ishusho nka echidna spermatozoa ikora kumpera ya epididymis.Amasohoro y'inkoko ya Sharkashi byagaragaye ko afite imyumvire myinshi yo guteranya no gukora bundle mu gihe kitarenze umunota umwe nyuma yo gukusanya.Ibi biti bifite imbaraga kandi birashobora gukomera kurukuta urwo arirwo rwose cyangwa ibintu bihagaze.Nubwo intanga ngabo zigabanya umuvuduko wintangangabo, biragaragara ko macroscopique yongerera umurongo.Uburebure bwa bundles buratandukanye bitewe numubare wintanga zegeranijwe.Ibice bibiri bya bundle byari byitaruye: igice cyambere, harimo umutwe wubusa wintanga ngabo, hamwe nigice cyanyuma, harimo umurizo hamwe nimpera ya kure yintanga.Hifashishijwe kamera yihuta (950 fps), imitwe yubusa ya spermatozoya ya agglutine yagaragaye mugice cyambere cya bundle, ishinzwe kugenda kwa bundle bitewe nigikorwa cyayo cyo kunyeganyega, gukurura abasigaye muri bundle hamwe nigitekerezo cyo kwinezeza (Video 4).Nyamara, mumatako maremare, byagaragaye ko imitwe yintanga yubusa ifatiye kumubiri kandi igice cyanyuma cyigituba gikora nk'imodoka kugirango ifashe gusunika.
Mugihe mugihe gito gitemba amazi, intanga ngabo zigenda zibangikanye, ariko, zitangira guhuzagurika no kwizirika kubintu byose bikiriho, kugirango bidakaraba hamwe nubu bigenda byihuta uko umuvuduko w umuvuduko wiyongera.Bundles zikora mugihe intangangabo zintanga ngabo zegeranye, zitangira kugenda mugihe kimwe hanyuma zizingirana, hanyuma zikomeka kubintu bifatika.Igishushanyo cya 1 nicya 2 byerekana uburyo intanga zegerana, zikora ihuriro nkuko umurizo uzunguruka.
Abashakashatsi bakoresheje ingufu za hydrostatike kugirango batume amazi atembera muri microchannel kugirango bige intanga ngabo.Hifashishijwe microchannel ifite ubunini bwa 200 µm × 20 µm (W × H) n'uburebure bwa 3,6 µm.Koresha imiyoboro ya micran hagati ya kontineri hamwe na siringi yashyizwe kumpera.Ibara ryibiryo ryakoreshejwe kugirango imiyoboro irusheho kugaragara.
Ihambire insinga zihuza hamwe nibikoresho kurukuta.Video yafashwe na microscope itandukanye.Hamwe na buri shusho, ibice bitandukanye byerekana microscopi hamwe namashusho yerekana ikarita.(A) Isano iri hagati yinzuzi ebyiri irwanya urujya n'uruza kubera guhindagurika (umwambi utukura)...(D) Gushiraho urusobe rwintanga ngabo.
Iyo igitonyanga cyintanga zivanze zashyizwe mu gikoresho cya microfluidic hanyuma havuka urujya n'uruza, urumuri rw'intanga rwagaragaye rwerekeza ku cyerekezo gitemba.Bundles zihuye neza nurukuta rwa microchannel, kandi imitwe yubusa mugice cyambere cyimigozi ihuye neza nabo (videwo 5).Bakomera kandi kubintu byose bihagaze munzira zabo, nk'imyanda, kugirango barwanye gutwarwa numuyoboro.Igihe kirenze, utu tubuto duhinduka filaments ndende zifata izindi spermatozoya imwe hamwe nigituba kigufi (Video 6).Mugihe umuvuduko utangiye kugenda gahoro, imirongo miremire yintanga itangira gukora urusobe rwimisemburo (Video 7; Ishusho 2).
Ku muvuduko mwinshi (V> 33 µm / s), uruziga ruzunguruka rwudodo rwiyongera nkugerageza gufata intanga ngabo nyinshi zikora imigozi irwanya neza imbaraga zo kugenda. Ku muvuduko mwinshi (V> 33 µm / s), uruziga ruzunguruka rwudodo rwiyongera nkugerageza gufata intanga ngabo nyinshi zikora imigozi irwanya neza imbaraga zo kugenda. При Высокой скорости пото Елихсперерзатозов, обрзующих пуччшшуре пототивующелующющющющющющющюще бар бариюще ساле потока. Ku gipimo cyinshi cyo gutemba (V> 33 µm / s), ingendo zihindagurika zumugozi ziriyongera mugihe bagerageza gufata spermatozoya nyinshi yibumbira hamwe ibasha kunanira imbaraga zo kugenda.在 高 流速 (V> 33 µm / s) 时 ， 螺纹 的 螺旋 运动 增加 以 试图 捕捉 许多 ， 更好 更好 地 抵抗 流动 的 漂移。。在 高 流速 (v> 33 µm / s) 时 ， 的 螺旋 运动 增加 ， 以 许多 形成 从而 更 地 抵抗 ， 从而 。。。。。。。。。。 。。。。。。。。。。 。。。。。。。。。。 При высоких скоростях потока (V> 33 мкм / с) спиральное мжжение нитей увеличивается в попытке захитит множество отдельных спер позозоидов, обрующих пучки, ч кый лучше сопрочл. Ku kigero cyo hejuru cyane (V> 33 µm / s), ingendo ya filaments igenda yiyongera mugushaka gufata spermatozoya nyinshi yibumbira hamwe kugirango irwanye neza imbaraga zigenda zitemba.Bagerageje kandi guhuza microchannel kumuhanda.
Intanga ngabo zamenyekanye nk'amatsinda y'imisemburo n'imirizo izunguruka ukoresheje microscopi yoroheje (LM).Intanga ngabo zifite igiteranyo gitandukanye nazo zagaragaye ko ari imitwe igoramye hamwe n’ibendera rya flagellar, umurizo wintanga nyinshi zahujwe, imitwe yintanga ifatanye umurizo, hamwe n imitwe yintanga zifite nuclei zunamye nka nuclei nyinshi zahujwe.kwanduza microscopi ya electron (TEM).Gusikana microscopi ya electron (SEM) byerekanaga ko intanga ngabo zashizwe hamwe zumutwe wintanga kandi intanga ngabo zerekanaga urusobe rwumurizo uziritse.
Imiterere ya morfologiya na ultrastructure ya spermatozoya, ishingwa rya spermatozoa bundles yakozwe hifashishijwe microscopi yoroheje (igice cyigice), scanning electron microscopie (SEM) hamwe na microscopi electronique (TEM), gusohora intanga byandujwe na acridine orange hanyuma bisuzumwa hakoreshejwe microscopi epifluorescence.
Gusohora intanga zometse kuri acridine orange (Igishusho 3B) byerekanaga ko imitwe yintanga yafatanyaga hamwe kandi igapfundikirwa ibikoresho byihishwa, bigatuma habaho ibibyimba binini (Ishusho 3D).Intanga ngabo zigizwe n'intanga ngabo hamwe n'urusobe rw'imirizo ifatanye (Ishusho 4A-C).Intanga ngabo zigizwe nimirizo ya spermatozoya nyinshi ifatanye hamwe (Ishusho 4D).Amabanga (Igishusho 4E, F) yatwikiriye imitwe ya spermatozoya.
Imiterere ya spermatozoa bundle Ukoresheje ikinyuranyo cyerekana microscopi na sperm spermes zometse kuri acridine orange, byerekanaga ko imitwe ya spermatozoya ifatanye..(B) Photomicrograph yumusemburo wintanga wanditseho acridine orange yerekana imitwe yintanga (imyambi).Gusohora bitwikira umutwe (s).Gukwirakwiza × 1000. (C) Gutezimbere urumuri runini rutwarwa numuyoboro wa microfluidic (ukoresheje kamera yihuta kuri 950 fps)..Gukuza: × 200.
Gusikana micrografi ya electron ya sperm beam hamwe nintanga ngabo yandujwe na acridine orange..(AC) Intanga ngabo zerekanwa nkurusobe rwimirizo ifatanye (imyambi)...Spermatozoya yakoze imigozi hamwe nuburyo bwinshi busa na vortex (F).(C) × 400 na (F) × 200 gukuza.
Twifashishije microscopi ya electronique, twasanze imigozi yintanga yari ifatanye umurizo (Igishusho 6A, C), imitwe ifatanye umurizo (Ishusho 6B), cyangwa imitwe ifatanye umurizo (Ishusho 6D).Imitwe ya spermatozoya muri bundle iragoramye, igaragara mu gice cya kabiri cy'uturere twa kirimbuzi (Ishusho 6D).Muri bundle, spermatozoya yari ifite umutwe uhindagurika ufite uturere tubiri twa kirimbuzi n'uturere twinshi twa flagellar (Ishusho 5A).
Digitale yibara rya elegitoronike yerekana umurizo uhuza umurizo wintanga hamwe nibikoresho bya agglutinating bihuza imitwe yintanga.(A) Gufatanije umurizo wumubare munini wa spermatozoya.Reba uko umurizo usa mubishushanyo byombi (umwambi) hamwe na landcape (umwambi).(B) Umutwe (umwambi) wintanga uhujwe numurizo (umwambi).(C) Imirizo myinshi yintanga (imyambi) ifatanye.(D) Ibikoresho bya Agglutination (AS, ubururu) bihuza imitwe ine yintanga (ibara ry'umuyugubwe).
Gusikana microscopi ya elegitoronike yakoreshejwe mu gutahura imitwe yintanga mu ntanga ngabo zuzuyemo ururenda cyangwa ururenda (Ishusho 6B), byerekana ko intanga ngabo zometse ku bintu bidasanzwe.Ibikoresho byegeranijwe byibanze mu mutwe wintanga (inteko isa na jellyfish; igiteranyo cya 5B) kandi yaguka kure, itanga isura nziza yumuhondo munsi ya microscopi ya fluorescence iyo yandujwe na orange acridine (Ishusho 6C).Iyi ngingo igaragara neza munsi ya microscope yogusuzuma kandi ifatwa nkigihuza.Ibice bito cyane (Igicapo 5C) hamwe n'intanga ngabo zanditseho acridine orange yerekanaga udusabo twintangangore zirimo imitwe yuzuye imirizo hamwe n'imirizo ifunitse (Ishusho 5D).
Amafoto atandukanye yerekana igiteranyo cyimitwe yintanga nimirizo ikubye ukoresheje uburyo butandukanye.....Menya ko ikintu gifatika (S) gitwikira umutwe wa spermatozoon.(D) × 1000 gukuza.
Hifashishijwe microscopi ya elegitoronike (Igicapo 7A), hagaragajwe kandi ko imitwe yintanga yagoretse kandi nuclei yari ifite imiterere ya spiral, nkuko byemejwe n’intanga ngabo zandujwe na acridine orange hanyuma zigasuzumwa hakoreshejwe microscopi ya fluorescence (Ishusho 7B).
.(B) × 1000 gukuza.
Ikintu gishimishije ni uko intanga za Sharkazi ziteranya kugirango zigire imigozi igendanwa.Ibiranga iyi bundle bidufasha kumva uruhare rwabo mugukurura no kubika spermatozoya muri SST.
Nyuma yo gushyingiranwa, intanga zinjira mu gitsina kandi zigahitamo uburyo bukomeye bwo gutoranya, bikavamo umubare muto gusa wintanga zinjira muri SST15,16.Kugeza ubu, uburyo intanga zinjira nizisohoka muri SST ntibisobanutse.Mu nkoko, spermatozoya ibikwa muri SST mugihe kinini cyibyumweru 2 kugeza 10, bitewe nubwoko6.Impaka ziracyakomeza kumiterere yamasohoro mugihe cyo kubika muri SST.Baragenda cyangwa baruhutse?Muyandi magambo, nigute intanga ngabo zigumana umwanya wazo muri SST igihe kirekire?
Forman4 yatanze igitekerezo ko SST gutura no gusohora bishobora gusobanurwa mubijyanye no kugenda kwintanga.Abanditsi bavuga ko intanga zigumana umwanya wazo mu koga zirwanya amazi yaturutse kuri epitelium ya SST kandi ko intanga zisohoka muri SST iyo umuvuduko wazo uguye munsi y’aho batangirira gusubira inyuma kubera kubura ingufu.Zaniboni5 yemeje ko aquaporine 2, 3, na 9 ziri mu gice cyiza cya SST epithelial selile, zishobora gushyigikira mu buryo butaziguye uburyo bwo kubika intanga za Foreman.Mu bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, twasanze hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya spermatozoya ya Sharkashi yerekana rheologiya nziza mumazi atemba, kandi ko intanga ngabo zanduye zongera umubare wa spermatozoya yerekana rheologiya nziza, nubwo agglutination ibatinda.Uburyo intanga ngabo zigenda hejuru yigitereko cyinyoni kugeza aho zifumbira ntabwo byumvikana neza.Mu nyamaswa z’inyamabere, amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa chemoattract spermatozoa.Nyamara, chemoattractants yizera ko itera spermatozoya kugera kure.Kubwibyo, ubundi buryo bushinzwe gutwara intanga.Ubushobozi bwintanga zo kwerekera no gutembera kurwanya amazi ya fallopian tube yasohotse nyuma yo gushyingiranwa byavuzwe ko ari ikintu gikomeye mu kwibasira intanga mu mbeba.Parker 17 yatanze igitekerezo ko spermatozoya yambuka oviducts yo koga irwanya umuyaga wa ciliary mu nyoni n'ibikururuka.Nubwo itigeze igeragezwa mu nyoni, Adolphi18 niyo yabanje kubona ko intanga ngabo zitanga umusaruro ushimishije mugihe urwego ruto rwamazi hagati yigitambaro nigitambambuga rwakozwe hamwe numurongo wimpapuro.Rheologiya.Hino na Yanagimachi []Babonye uburyo bukomeye bwo kwikuramo no kwidagadura mu muyoboro wa fallopian, aho imipira yose ya wino yagendaga igenda yerekeza kuri ampulla yigituba.Abanditsi bashimangiye akamaro ko gutembera kwa tubal kuva hepfo kugera hejuru yigituba cyo hejuru kugirango intanga zizamuke kandi zifumbire.Brillard20 yatangaje ko mu nkoko no mu nkoko, intanga ngabo zimuka zigenda ziva mu bwinjiriro bw'inda ibyara, aho zibikwa, zerekeza mu masangano ya nyababyeyi, aho zibikwa.Nyamara, uru rugendo ntirusabwa hagati yumusemburo wa nyababyeyi na infundibulum kuko spermatozoa itwarwa no kwimuka.Kumenya ibyifuzo byabanjirije ibisubizo byabonetse mubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, dushobora gutekereza ko ubushobozi bwa spermatozoa yo kwimuka hejuru (rheologiya) nimwe mumitungo uburyo bwo gutoranya bushingiyeho.Ibi bigena inzira ya spermatozoya inyuze mu gitsina no kwinjira muri CCT kugirango ibike.Nkuko Forman4 yabisabye, ibi birashobora kandi koroshya inzira yintanga zinjira muri SST hamwe n’aho ziba mugihe runaka hanyuma zigasohoka mugihe umuvuduko wazo utangiye kugenda gahoro.
Ku rundi ruhande, Matsuzaki na Sasanami 21 basabye ko spermatozoya yo mu bwoko bw’inyoni ihindura ingendo kuva kuryama ikagendagenda mu bice by’imyororokere y’umugabo n’umugore.Kubuza intanga ngabo gutura muri SST byasabwe gusobanura igihe kirekire cyo kubika intanga hanyuma gusubirana nyuma yo kuva muri SST.Mugihe cya hypoxic, Matsuzaki nibindi.1 yatangaje ko umusaruro mwinshi no kurekura amashereka muri SST, bishobora gutuma habaho guhagarika intanga ngabo.Muri iki gihe, akamaro ka rheologiya yintanga bigaragarira muguhitamo no kwinjiza intanga ngabo, ntabwo biri mububiko bwabo.
Uburyo bw'intanga ngabo zifatwa nk'ibisobanuro byumvikana mugihe kirekire cyo kubika intanga muri SST, kuko ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kugumana intanga mu nkoko2,22,23.Bakst n'abandi.2 byagaragaye ko intanga nyinshi zifatanije, zigakora igiteranyo gishimishije, kandi spermatozoya imwe ntiyakunze kuboneka mu nkware CCM.Ku rundi ruhande, Wen n'abandi.24 barebye spermatozoya ikwirakwijwe hamwe na spermatozoya nkeya muri SST lumen mu nkoko.Dufatiye kuri ubwo bushakashatsi, dushobora gutekereza ko impengamiro yo gutera intanga itandukanye hagati yinyoni no hagati ya spermatozoya mumasohoro amwe.Byongeye kandi, Van Krey n'abandi.9 yatanze igitekerezo ko gutandukana kwa spermatozoa ya agglutine biterwa no kwinjirira buhoro buhoro intanga ngabo mu mitsi yigituba.Ukurikije iyi hypothesis, spermatozoa ifite ubushobozi buke bwa agglutination igomba kwirukanwa muri SST mbere.Ni muri urwo rwego, ubushobozi bwa spermatozoya yo guteranya bishobora kuba ikintu kigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo guhatanira intanga mu nyoni zanduye.Byongeye kandi, igihe kirekire intanga ngabo zitandukanijwe, nuburumbuke burakomeza.
Nubwo guteranya intanga ngabo no guteranya imigozi byagaragaye mubushakashatsi bwinshi 22,22,24, ntabwo byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo kureba kinematike muri SST.Harageragejwe kenshi kwiga intanga ngabo muri vitro.Igiteranyo kinini ariko cyigihe gito cyagaragaye mugihe insinga yoroheje yakuwe kumatonyanga yimbuto.Ibi biganisha ku kuba ibibyimba birebire biva mu gitonyanga, bigana glande ya seminal.Kubera imbogamizi za 3D hamwe nigihe gito cyo kumisha, blok yose yahise igwa nabi9.Mu bushakashatsi burimo, dukoresheje inkoko za Sharkashi hamwe na microfluidic chip, twashoboye gusobanura uburyo utu dusimba dukora nuburyo bigenda.Intanga ngabo zakozwe ako kanya nyuma yo gukusanya amasohoro kandi wasangaga zigenda zizunguruka, zerekana imvugo nziza iyo ihari.Byongeye kandi, iyo urebye macroscopique, intanga ngabo zagaragaye kugirango zongere umurongo wimikorere ugereranije na spermatozoya yonyine.Ibi byerekana ko gutera intanga bishobora kubaho mbere yo kwinjira kwa SST kandi ko intanga ngabo zitagarukira mu gace gato kubera guhangayika nkuko byavuzwe mbere (Tingari n'Ikiyaga12).Mugihe cyo kwibumbira hamwe, intanga ngabo zoga muri syncronie kugeza zihuye, hanyuma umurizo wazo uzengurutsa kandi umutwe wa spermatozoon ukomeza kuba ubuntu, ariko umurizo nigice cya kure cya spermatozoon gifatanye nibintu bifatika.Kubwibyo, umutwe wubusa wa ligamente ushinzwe kugenda, gukurura ibisigaye.Gusikana microscopi ya electron ya bundle yintanga yerekanaga imitwe yintanga ifatanye yuzuye ibintu byinshi bifatanye, byerekana ko imitwe yintanga yari ifatanye mumuruhuko, bishobora kuba byarabaye nyuma yo kugera kububiko (SST).
Iyo intanga ngabo yandujwe na acridine orange, ibikoresho bifata ingirabuzimafatizo bikikije intanga ngabo birashobora kugaragara munsi ya microscope ya fluorescent.Iyi ngingo ituma intanga ngabo zifatira hamwe no kwizirika ku buso cyangwa ibice byose bikikije kugirango bidatembera hamwe nibitemba.Rero, ibyo twabonye byerekana uruhare rwa spermatozoya ifata muburyo bwa bundles zigendanwa.Ubushobozi bwabo bwo koga kurubu no gukomera kumiterere yegeranye bituma intanga ziguma igihe kirekire muri SST.
Rothschild25 yakoresheje kamera ya hemocytometrie yiga ikwirakwizwa ryogukwirakwiza amasohoro ya bovine mu gitonyanga cyo guhagarikwa, ifata amafoto yifashishije kamera ifite icyerekezo cya vertical na horizontal optique ya microscope.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko spermatozoya yakwegereye hejuru yicyumba.Abanditsi bavuga ko hashobora kubaho imikoranire ya hydrodynamic hagati yintanga nubuso.Urebye ibi, hamwe nubushobozi bwamasohoro yinkoko ya Sharkashi yo gukora ibibyimba bifatanye, birashobora kongera amahirwe yuko amasohoro yakomera kurukuta rwa SST kandi akabikwa mugihe kirekire.
Bccetti na Afzeliu26 batangaje ko intanga ngabo glycocalyx isabwa kugirango tumenye imikino na agglutination.Forman10 yavuze ko hydrolysis ya α-glycosideque ihuza glycoprotein-glycolipide yifashishije amasohoro y’inyoni hamwe na neuraminidase yatumye uburumbuke bugabanuka bitagize ingaruka ku kugenda kwintanga.Abanditsi bavuga ko ingaruka za neuraminidase kuri glycocalyx zangiza intanga ngabo ku masangano ya nyababyeyi, bityo bikagabanya uburumbuke.Ubushakashatsi bwabo ntibushobora kwirengagiza ko kuvura neuraminidase bishobora kugabanya intanga ngabo na oocyte.Forman na Engel10 basanze uburumbuke bwaragabanutse igihe inkoko zatewe intanga mu nda hamwe n'amasohoro yavuwe na neuraminidase.Nyamara, IVF hamwe nintanga zavuwe na neuraminidase ntabwo zahinduye uburumbuke ugereranije ninkoko zigenzura.Abanditsi banzuye bavuga ko impinduka zatewe na glycoprotein-glycolipide ikikije intanga ngabo zigabanya ubushobozi bw’intanga ngabo zifumbira mu kwangiza intanga ngabo ku masangano ya nyababyeyi, ari nako byongera igihombo cy’intanga bitewe n’umuvuduko w’imyanya ndangagitsina ndetse n’amagi.
Muri turukiya Bakst na Bauchan 11 basanze uduce duto duto hamwe nuduce twa membrane mubice bya SST maze babona ko zimwe muri izo granules zahujwe nintanga ngabo.Abanditsi bavuga ko iyi mibanire ishobora kugira uruhare mu kubika igihe kirekire intanga ngabo muri SST.Icyakora, abashakashatsi ntibasobanuye inkomoko yibi bice, niba byasohowe na selile epithelial selile, byakozwe kandi bigasohorwa na sisitemu yimyororokere yumugabo, cyangwa byakozwe nintanga ngabo.Na none, utwo duce dushinzwe agglutination.Grützner et al27 yatangaje ko epididymal epithelial selile itanga kandi ikarekura poroteyine yihariye isabwa kugirango habeho uduce duto duto duto duto.Abanditsi bavuga kandi ko gutatanya izo bundle biterwa n’imikoranire ya poroteyine epididimale.Nixon et al28 yasanze adnexa isohora poroteyine, osteonectine ikungahaye kuri acide;SPARC igira uruhare mukurema intanga ngabo muri echidnas na platypus.Ikwirakwizwa ry'ibi biti bifitanye isano no gutakaza iyi poroteyine.
Mu bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, isesengura rya ultrastructures ukoresheje microscopi ya electron ryerekanye ko spermatozoya yubahirije ibintu byinshi byuzuye.Izi ngingo zitekerezwaho kuba ari zo nyirabayazana wa agglutination ihuza hagati y’umutwe wiziritse no hafi yayo, ariko ku bushyuhe buke mu karere umurizo.Dutekereza ko iyi ngingo ya agglutinating isohoka muri sisitemu yimyororokere yumugabo (epididymis cyangwa vas deferens) hamwe namasohoro, kubera ko akenshi tubona amasohoro atandukanya na lymph na plasma ya seminal mugihe cyo gusohora.Byavuzwe ko mugihe intanga ngabo ziva muri epididymis na vas deferens, zigenda zihinduka zijyanye no gukura zunganira ubushobozi bwazo bwo guhuza poroteyine no kubona plasma lemma ifitanye isano na glycoproteine.Kuba izo poroteyine zikomeza kuba ku ntanga ngabo zituye muri SST byerekana ko izo poroteyine zishobora kugira uruhare mu kubona intanga ngabo 30 kandi zikagaragaza uburumbuke bwazo 31.Ahammad et al32 yatangaje ko intanga ngabo zabonetse mu bice bitandukanye bigize gahunda y’imyororokere y’umugabo (kuva mu bizamini kugeza kuri vas deferens ya kure) byagaragaje ubwiyongere buhoro buhoro mu mibereho yabitswe, hatitawe ku bushyuhe bw’ububiko, kandi n’ubuzima bw’inkoko nabwo bwiyongera mu miyoboro ya fallopian nyuma yo gutera intanga.
Intanga ngabo ya Sharkashi ifite ibiranga n'imikorere itandukanye nandi moko nka echidnas, platypus, imbeba zinkwi, imbeba zimpongo, ningurube.Mu nkoko za sharkasi, kwibumbira hamwe kwa spermatozoya byagabanije umuvuduko wabo wo koga ugereranije na spermatozoya imwe.Nyamara, iyi bundles yongereye ijanisha rya spermatozoya nziza ya rheologiya kandi byongera ubushobozi bwa spermatozoya yo kwihagararaho mubidukikije.Rero, ibisubizo byacu byemeza icyifuzo kibanziriza ko gutera intanga muri SST bifitanye isano no kubika intanga ndende.Turakekeranya kandi ko intanga ngabo zikora tufe zishobora kugenzura igipimo cyo gutakaza intanga muri SST, zishobora guhindura ibyavuye mumarushanwa yintanga.Ukurikije iki gitekerezo, spermatozoya ifite ubushobozi buke bwa agglutination irekura SST mbere, mugihe spermatozoya ifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwa agglutination itanga urubyaro rwinshi.Gukora intanga ngabo imwe ni ingirakamaro kandi bigira ingaruka ku kigereranyo cyababyeyi n’umwana, ariko ikoresha ubundi buryo.Muri echidnas na platypus, spermatozoya itunganijwe ibangikanye kugirango yongere umuvuduko wimbere wibiti.Bundles ya echidnasi yimuka inshuro zigera kuri eshatu kurusha spermatozoya imwe.Byizerwa ko kwibumbira mu ntanga ngabo muri echidnas ari ihinduka ry’ihindagurika kugira ngo rikomeze kuganza, kubera ko igitsina gore ari ubusambanyi kandi ubusanzwe kikaba cyarashakanye n'abagabo benshi.Kubwibyo, spermatozoya iva mumasohoro atandukanye irushanwa cyane kugirango ifumbire yintanga.
Agglutinated spermatozoa yinkoko za sharkasi biroroshye kwiyumvisha ukoresheje microscopi yo gutandukanya icyiciro, ifatwa nkibyiza kuko itanga ubushakashatsi bworoshye kumyitwarire ya spermatozoya muri vitro.Uburyo uburyo bwo gutera intanga ngabo butera imbere mu nkoko za sharkasi nabwo buratandukanye nububoneka mu nyamaswa z’inyamabere zimwe na zimwe zerekana imyitwarire y’intanga ngabo nk’imbeba z’ibiti, aho intanga ngabo zimwe zigera ku magi, zifasha abandi bantu bafitanye isano kugera no kwangiza amagi yabo.kwigaragaza.imyitwarire idahwitse.Kwifumbira 34. Urundi rugero rwimyitwarire ya koperative muri spermatozoya yabonetse mu mbeba zimpongo, aho spermatozoya yashoboye kumenya no guhuza hamwe na spermatozoya ifitanye isano na genetike kandi ikora amatsinda ya koperative kugirango yongere umuvuduko ugereranije na spermatozoa35.
Ibisubizo byabonetse muri ubu bushakashatsi ntibivuguruza inyigisho ya Foman yo kubika spermatozoya igihe kirekire muri SWS.Abashakashatsi bavuga ko intanga ngabo zikomeje kugenda mu kugenda kwa selile epithelia ziri kuri SST mu gihe kinini, kandi nyuma yigihe runaka, ububiko bw’ingufu z’uturemangingo twaragabanutse, bigatuma umuvuduko ugabanuka, ibyo bikaba byemerera kwirukana ibintu bito bifite uburemere buke.imbaraga za spermatozoya hamwe no gutembera kwamazi ava mumyanya ya SST Umuyoboro wigituba cya fallopian.Mu bushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, twabonye ko kimwe cya kabiri cyintanga imwe yerekanaga ubushobozi bwo koga kurwanya amazi atemba, kandi gufatana kwabo muri bundle byongereye ubushobozi bwo kwerekana imvugo nziza.Byongeye kandi, amakuru yacu arahuye naya Matsuzaki n'abandi.1 wavuze ko kwiyongera kwa lakate muri SST bishobora kubuza intanga ngabo.Ariko, ibisubizo byacu bisobanura ishingwa ryintanga ngabo nimyitwarire yabo ya rheologiya imbere yibidukikije bigenda byoroha muri microchannel kugirango tugerageze gusobanura imyitwarire yabo muri SST.Ubushakashatsi bw'ejo hazaza bushobora kwibanda ku kumenya imiterere y’imiti n’inkomoko ya agglutinating agent, nta gushidikanya ko bizafasha abashakashatsi gukora uburyo bushya bwo kubika amasohoro y’amazi no kongera igihe cy’uburumbuke.
Ibyumweru 15 byibyumweru 30 byambaye ubusa-ijosi ryigitsina gabo sharkasi (yiganjemo abaryamana bahuje ibitsina; Na Na) batoranijwe nkabatanga intanga mubushakashatsi.Inyoni zororerwa mu murima w’ubushakashatsi bw’inkoko w’ishami ry’ubuhinzi, kaminuza ya Ashit, guverineri wa Ashit, mu Misiri.Inyoni zashyizwe mu kasho kamwe (30 x 40 x 40 cm), zikorerwa gahunda yoroheje (amasaha 16 yumucyo namasaha 8 yumwijima) kandi zigaburirwa indyo irimo g 160 za poroteyine zibisi, 2800 kcal yingufu za metabolizable, 35 g ya calcium imwe.Garama 5 za fosifore iboneka kuri kilo y'ibiryo.
Dukurikije imibare 36, 37, amasohoro yakusanyirijwe mu bagabo na massage yo munda.Urugero rwamasohoro 45 yakusanyirijwe mubagabo 15 muminsi 3.Semen (n = 15 / umunsi) yahise ivangwa 1: 1 (v: v) hamwe na Belsville Inkoko y’inkoko Semen Diluent, irimo potasiyumu diphosphate (1,27 g), monosodium glutamate monohydrate (0,867 g), fructose (0.5 d) sodium ya anhydrous.acetate (0,43 g), tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (0,195 g), potasiyumu citrate monohydrate (0.064 g), potasiyumu monofosifate (0.065 g), magnesium chloride (0.034 g) na H2O (100 ml), pH = 7, 5, osmolarity 333 mOsm / kg.Amasohoro yamenetse yabanje gusuzumwa munsi ya microscope yoroheje kugirango harebwe neza neza amasohoro (ubushuhe) hanyuma abikwa mu bwogero bw’amazi kuri 37 ° C kugeza igihe azakoreshwa mugihe cyisaha nisaha nyuma yo gukusanya.
Kinematika na rheologiya ya spermatozoya isobanurwa hakoreshejwe sisitemu yibikoresho bya microfluidic.Urugero rwa Semen rwarushijeho kuvugururwa kugeza 1:40 muri Beltsville Avian Semen Diluent, rushyirwa mubikoresho bya microfluidic (reba hano hepfo), kandi ibipimo bya kinetic byagenwe hakoreshejwe sisitemu ya Computerized Semen Analysis (CASA) mbere yakozwe kugirango iranga microfluidics.ku kugenda kwa spermatozoa mubitangazamakuru byamazi (Ishami ryubwubatsi, ishami ryubwubatsi, kaminuza ya Assiut, Misiri).Amacomeka arashobora gukururwa kuri: http://www.assiutmicrofluidics.com/ubushakashatsi/casa39.Umuvuduko uhetamye (VCL, μm / s), umuvuduko wumurongo (VSL, μm / s) hamwe nimpuzandengo yumuvuduko wa trayectory (VAP, μm / s) wapimwe.Amashusho ya spermatozoya yafashwe akoresheje microscope ya Optika XDS-3 itandukanye (ifite intego ya 40x) ihujwe na kamera ya Tucson ISH1000 kuri 30 fps kuri 3 s.Koresha software ya CASA wige byibuze ibice bitatu na trayektori 500 yintangarugero.Video yafashwe amajwi yatunganijwe hifashishijwe CASA yo mu rugo.Igisobanuro cyimikorere mumacomeka ya CASA gishingiye kumuvuduko wo koga wintanga ugereranije nigipimo cyogutemba, kandi ntikubiyemo ibindi bipimo nko kugenda kuruhande, kuko ibi byagaragaye ko byizewe mumigezi.Imikorere ya rheologiya isobanurwa nkigikorwa cyingirabuzimafatizo zigana icyerekezo cyamazi.Spermatozoya ifite imiterere ya rheologiya yagabanijwe numubare wa spermatozoa ya motile;intanga ngabo zari ziruhutse kandi zijyana na spermatozoya zivuye mu mubare.
Imiti yose yakoreshejwe yabonetse muri Elgomhoria Pharmaceuticals (Cairo, Misiri) keretse bivuzwe ukundi.Igikoresho cyakozwe nkuko byasobanuwe na El-sherry n'abandi.40 hamwe na bimwe byahinduwe.Ibikoresho byakoreshwaga mu guhimba microchannel harimo amasahani y'ibirahure (Howard Glass, Worcester, MA), SU-8-25 irwanya nabi (MicroChem, Newton, CA), inzoga ya diacetone (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Ubudage), na polyacetone.-184, Dow Corning, Midland, Michigan).Microchannels yahimbwe hakoreshejwe lithographie yoroshye.Ubwa mbere, mask yo kurinda isura isobanutse hamwe nicyifuzo cya microchannel yifuzwa yacapishijwe kumacapiro ihanitse (Prismatic, Cairo, Misiri na Pasifika Ubuhanzi nubushushanyo, Markham, ON).Ba shebuja bakoze bakoresheje amasahani yikirahure nka substrate.Amasahani yasukuwe muri acetone, isopropanol n'amazi ya deyoniya hanyuma ashyirwa hamwe na 20 µm ya SU8-25 akoresheje spin (3000 rpm, 1 min).Ibice bya SU-8 byumye byumye (65 ° C, min 2 na 95 ° C, min 10) hanyuma bihura nimirasire ya UV kuri s 50.Nyuma yo gutekwa guteka kuri 65 ° C na 95 ° C kuminota 1 na 4 min kugirango uhuze ibice bya SU-8 byerekanwe, hanyuma hakurikiraho iterambere muri alcool ya diacetone kuminota 6.5.Guteka cyane wafle (200 ° C kuminota 15) kugirango urusheho gushimangira urwego rwa SU-8.
PDMS yateguwe ivanga monomer na hardener mu kigereranyo cyibiro 10: 1, hanyuma igabanuka muri desiccator ya vacuum hanyuma isukwa kumurongo nyamukuru wa SU-8.PDMS yakize mu ziko (120 ° C, 30 min), hanyuma imiyoboro iracibwa, itandukanywa na shebuja, hanyuma irasobekeranye kugira ngo imiyoboro ibe ifatanye ku cyerekezo no gusohoka cya microchannel.Hanyuma, imiyoboro ya PDMS yometse kumurongo wa microscope ukoresheje itunganywa rya corona itwara ibintu (Electro-Technic Products, Chicago, IL) nkuko byasobanuwe ahandi.Microchannel ikoreshwa muri ubu bushakashatsi ipima 200 µm × 20 µm (W × H) kandi ifite cm 3,6 z'uburebure.
Amazi atemba aterwa numuvuduko wa hydrostatike imbere ya microchannel igerwaho mugukomeza urwego rwamazi mu kigega cyinjira hejuru yuburebure bwuburebure Δh39 mubigega bisohoka (Ishusho 1).
aho f ni coefficient de friction, isobanurwa nka f = C / Re kumuyoboro wa laminari mumuyoboro urukiramende, aho C ihoraho bitewe nigipimo cyerekezo cyumuyoboro, L nuburebure bwa microchannel, Vav numuvuduko ugereranije imbere muri microchannel, Dh ni diameter ya hydraulic ya umuyoboro, g - kwihuta kwingufu.Ukoresheje iri gereranya, impuzandengo yumuyoboro urashobora kubarwa ukoresheje ikigereranyo gikurikira: