Kuva kumurongo wimashini ya robotic kugeza kumukandara wa convoyeur mugikorwa cyo gutanga amasoko kugeza kunyeganyega iminara ya turbine yumuyaga, kumva imyanya ni umurimo wingenzi mubikorwa byinshi.Bishobora gufata uburyo bwinshi, burimo umurongo, kuzunguruka, inguni, byimazeyo, kwiyongera, guhuza no guhuza imiyoboro ya sensoriste. optique na ultrasonic.
Ibi bibazo bitanga intangiriro yuburyo butandukanye bwo kumva imyanya, hanyuma usubiremo urutonde rwikoranabuhanga abashushanya bashobora guhitamo mugihe bashyira mubikorwa igisubizo.
Imyanya yumwanya wa potentiometrike ni ibikoresho bishingiye kubirwanya bihuza inzira ihamye yo kurwanya hamwe na wiper ifatanye nikintu gikeneye kumvikana.Igikorwa cyikintu cyimura abahanagura kumurongo.Ikibanza cyikintu gipimwa hifashishijwe umuyoboro wa voltage igabanya umurongo wa gari ya moshi na wiperi kugirango bapime umurongo ugororotse cyangwa uzunguruka hamwe na voltage ihamye (isanamu 1) .Potentiometrike.
Indorerezi yimyanya ikoresha ikoresha impinduka mumiterere yumurima wa magneti utewe na sensor coil. Ukurikije imyubakire yabo, barashobora gupima umurongo cyangwa guhinduranya.igiceri cyibanze hamwe na coil ebyiri za kabiri.Ibishishwa bihujwe murukurikirane, kandi isano yicyiciro cya coil ya kabiri ni 180 ° hanze yicyiciro kubijyanye na coil primaire.Ingingo ya ferromagnetic yitwa armature ishyirwa imbere muri tube kandi igahuzwa nikintu ahantu hapimirwa.Umubyigano wibyishimo ushyirwa kumurongo wa voltage hamwe nimbaraga za electronique (EMF) iterwa na coil ya kabiri. iherekejwe na yo irashobora kugenwa. Impinduka ya voltage itandukanye ya transformateur (RVDT) ikoresha tekinike imwe kugirango ikurikirane umwanya uzunguruka.Icyuma cya LVDT na RVDT gitanga ubunyangamugayo bwiza, umurongo, gukemura no kwiyumvisha ibintu byinshi.Biravanze kandi birashobora gufungwa kugirango bikoreshwe ahantu habi.
Eddy yimyanya yimyanya ikora hamwe nibintu bitwara ibintu.Eddy yimyuka iterwa ningaruka ziboneka mubikoresho bitwara imbere yumurima wa magneti uhinduka.Iyi miyoboro itembera mumuzinga ufunze kandi ikabyara umurima wa magneti wa kabiri. nts, bigira ingaruka ku mbogamizi ya coil.Nkuko ikintu cyegereye igiceri, igihombo cya eddy cyiyongera kandi n’umuvuduko w’umuvuduko ukabije uba muto (Igicapo 2) .Umubyigano wa oscillating ukosorwa kandi ugatunganywa n’umuzunguruko uhuza umurongo ugereranije n’intera yikintu.
Ibikoresho bya Eddy bigezweho birakomeye, ibikoresho bidahuza bisanzwe bikoreshwa nkibikoresho byegeranye.Birahari byose kandi birashobora kumenya intera igereranije nikintu, ariko ntabwo icyerekezo cyangwa intera yuzuye kubintu.
Nkuko izina ribigaragaza, ubushobozi bwimyanya yimyanya ipima impinduka mubushobozi kugirango hamenyekane umwanya wikintu cyunvikana.Iyi sensororo idahuza irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima umurongo ugororotse cyangwa kuzunguruka. Zigizwe nibisahani bibiri bitandukanijwe nibikoresho bya dielectric kandi bigakoresha bumwe muburyo bubiri kugirango umenye umwanya wikintu:
Kugirango utere impinduka ihoraho ya dielectric, ikintu kigomba kumenyekana gihujwe nibikoresho bya dielectric.Nkuko ibikoresho bya dielectric bigenda, imbaraga za dielectric zihoraho za capacitori zihinduka bitewe no guhuza agace k'ibikoresho bya dielectric hamwe na dielectric ihoraho yumwuka.Ubundi buryo, ikintu gishobora guhuzwa nikintu cya plaque ya capacitori.
Imikorere ya capacitif irashobora gupima iyimurwa, intera, umwanya hamwe nubunini bwibintu. Bitewe nibimenyetso byabo bihamye kandi bikemurwa, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa muri laboratoire no mu nganda.Urugero, ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa mu gupima uburebure bwa firime hamwe n’ibikoresho bifata mu buryo bwikora. Mu mashini z’inganda, zikoreshwa mu gukurikirana iyimurwa n’ibikoresho by’ibikoresho.
Magnetostriction ni umutungo wibikoresho bya ferromagnetiki bituma ibintu bihindura ubunini cyangwa imiterere mugihe hashyizweho umurima wa magneti.Mu rukuruzi ya magnetostrictive, icyuma cyimuka cyimuka gifatanye nikintu gipimwa.Bigizwe numuyoboro wumurongo ugizwe ninsinga zitwara impiswi zubu, uhujwe na sensor iri mumurongo wumurongo wumurongo wa magneti uhuza umuyaga wumuvuduko ukabije. umurima wa rukuruzi ihoraho (magnet muri piston ya silinderi, Igishusho 3a) .Imikoranire yumurima iterwa no kugoreka (ingaruka ya Wiedemann), ikurura insinga, ikabyara impiswi ya acoustic ikwirakwira kumurongo wizuba kandi ikagaragazwa na sensor kumpera yumurambararo (igicapo cya 3b) .Gupima igihe cyashize hagati yikintu gitangiriye hamwe na pulse ya pisitike yikurikiranya ryumubyimba hamwe nigitekerezo cyo gutahura kwizuba ryumubyimba hamwe nigitereko cyumubyigano wacyo. gupimwa (Ishusho.3c).
Ibyuma bifata ibyuma bya magnetostrictive ni ibyuma bidahuza byifashishwa kugirango hamenyekane umurongo uhagaze.Icyerekezo gikunze kubikwa mu byuma bidafite ingese cyangwa aluminiyumu, bigatuma ibyo byuma bikoreshwa mu bidukikije cyangwa bitose.
Iyo umuyoboro unanutse, uringaniye ushyizwe mumashanyarazi, ikintu cyose gitemba gikunda kwiyubaka kuruhande rumwe rwumuyoboro, bigatuma habaho itandukaniro rishobora kwitwa voltage ya Hall.Niba umuyaga uri mumashanyarazi uhoraho, ubunini bwumubyigano wa Hall bizagaragaza imbaraga zumurima wa magneti. Muri sensor ya positif ya Hall, ikintu gihinduka nikintu cya magneti gishyizwe mubintu bya magneti. Umuvuduko wa salle, umwanya wikintu urashobora kugenwa.Hariho ibyuma byihariye byerekana imbaraga za Hall-effet zishobora kugena imyanya mubipimo bitatu (Igicapo 4) .Ibyuma byerekana ingaruka zose ni ibikoresho bidahuza bitanga ibyiringiro bihanitse kandi byihuta, kandi bikorera hejuru yubushyuhe bwinshi.Bikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye bwabaguzi, inganda, ibinyabiziga nubuvuzi.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibanze bwa fibre optique.Mu sensor ya fibre optique, fibre ikoreshwa nkibintu byunvikana.Mu sensor ya fibre optique yo hanze, fibre optique ihujwe nubundi buryo bwa tekinoroji ya sensor kugirango yerekane ibimenyetso kuri elegitoroniki ya kure kugirango itunganyirizwe.Mu gihe cyo gupima umwanya wa fibre optique ishobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane igihe cyo gutinda. ors idakingiwe no kwivanga kwa electronique, irashobora gushushanywa kugirango ikore ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntabwo ikora, bityo irashobora gukoreshwa hafi yumuvuduko mwinshi cyangwa ibikoresho byaka.
Ubundi buryo bwa fibre-optique bushingiye kuri fibre ya Bragg grating (FBG) irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugupima imyanya.FBG ikora nkayunguruzo ntoya, yerekana agace gato k'urumuri rushingiye kumuraba wa Bragg (λB) mugihe rumurikirwa nurumuri rugari.Birahimbwa na microstructures zashizwe mumurongo wa fibre, umuvuduko ukabije, ibipimo byimbaraga, ibipimo byimbaraga, ibipimo byimbaraga, ibipimo byingutu, ibipimo byingutu, ibipimo byingutu, imbaraga zumubyimba, ibipimo byingutu, ibipimo byingutu, imbaraga zumubyimba.
Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwibikoresho bya optique, bizwi kandi nka optique ya optique. Muburyo bumwe, urumuri rwoherezwa mukwakira kurundi ruhande rwa sensor.Mu bwoko bwa kabiri, ikimenyetso cyumucyo cyasohotse kigaragazwa nikintu cyakurikiranwe kandi kigasubira kumurabyo. kuba mu byiciro bitatu by'ingenzi;kodegisi ya optique ya kodegisi, kodegisi ya optique yerekana, hamwe na interodometriki optique.
Ultrasonic position sensor ikoresha piezoelectric kristal transducers kugirango isohore umuyaga mwinshi wa ultrasonic.Icyuma gipima amajwi agaragara.Icyuma cya ultrasonic gishobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byoroheje byegeranye, cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera bigoye birashobora gutanga amakuru atandukanye. kwivanga kwa etic.Urugero rwa porogaramu ukoresheje ibyuma byerekana ibyuma bya ultrasonic harimo gutahura urwego rwamazi, kubara byihuse ibintu, sisitemu yo kugendana na robo, hamwe na sensing yimodoka.Icyuma gisanzwe cyitwa ultrasonic sensor kigizwe nuburaro bwa plastiki, transducer ya piezoelectric hamwe na membrane yongeyeho, hamwe ninama yumuzunguruko wacapishijwe ibyuma bya elegitoronike hamwe na microcontrollers yo kohereza, kwakira, no gutunganya.
Ibyuma bifata umwanya birashobora gupima byimazeyo cyangwa bigereranijwe, icyerekezo cyizenguruka nu mfuruka yibintu.Icyuma cyerekana imyanya irashobora gupima urujya n'uruza rw'ibikoresho nka moteri cyangwa moteri.Bikoreshwa kandi ku mbuga zigendanwa nka robo n'imodoka.
3D Magnetic Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsGusesengura no Kuzamura Umutekano wa Sensor ya Ultrasonic kubinyabiziga byigenga, IEEE Internet yibintu Ikinyamakuru Nigute wahitamo sensor ya posisiyo, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition sensor sensor, Ixthus InstrumentationNi ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa na sensor?
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Ihuriro ryambere ku isi rikemura ibibazo EE ikubiyemo microcontrollers, DSP, imiyoboro, igereranya nigishushanyo mbonera, RF, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, inzira ya PCB, nibindi byinshi
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