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Guhumanya ubutaka nikibazo gikomeye cyatewe nibikorwa byabantu.Gukwirakwiza ahantu hashobora kuba uburozi (PTEs) buratandukanye mubice byinshi byo mumijyi ndetse no mumijyi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, biragoye guhanura mu buryo butandukanye ibiri muri PTE muri ubwo butaka. Ingero 115 zose zabonetse muri Frydek Mistek muri Repubulika ya Tchèque. rometero Bayesian Kriging-Multiple Linear Regression (EBK-MLR) ikora nabi, nkuko bigaragazwa na coefficients yo kwiyemeza munsi ya 0.1.Icyitegererezo cya Empirical Bayesian Kriging-Support Vector Machine Regression (EBK-SVMR) nicyitegererezo cyiza, hamwe na RMSE (95.479 mg / kg) hamwe na MAE (77.368 mg / kg). Ibisohoka bigaragarira amaso ukoresheje ikarita yo kwitegura. Neuron ikusanyirijwe mu ndege ya Hybrid moderi ya Hybrid CakMg-EBK-SVMR yerekana ibara ryinshi ryerekana ibara ryerekana Ni ubutumburuke bwa Ni mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi. Ibisubizo byerekana ko guhuza EBK na SVMR ari tekinike nziza yo guhanura Ni mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi.
Nickel (Ni) ifatwa nka micronutrient ku bimera kuko igira uruhare mu gutunganya azote yo mu kirere (N) hamwe na metabolisme ya urea, byombi bisabwa kugira ngo imbuto zimera. Usibye uruhare rwayo mu kumera imbuto, Ni irashobora gukora nk'ibihumyo na bagiteri kandi bigateza imbere iterambere ry'ibimera.Urugero rwa nikel mu butaka rutanga igihingwa cy'icyatsi. izers kugirango azane neza azote2.Gukomeza gukoresha ifumbire ishingiye kuri nikel kugirango itungire ubutaka kandi yongere ubushobozi bwibinyamisogwe bwo gutunganya azote mu butaka bikomeza byongera ubukana bwa nikel mu butaka.Nubwo nikel ari micronutrient ku bimera, gufata cyane mu butaka byangiza intungamubiri za nikel mu butaka bwangiza umubiri. 3, Ni byagaragaye ko arikintu cya 17 cyingenzi gisabwa mugutezimbere no gukura. Usibye uruhare rwa nikel mugutezimbere no gukura kwabantu, abantu barabikenera muburyo butandukanye.Electroplating, gukora amavuta ashingiye kuri nikel, hamwe no gukora ibikoresho byo gutwika hamwe nuduce twa spark mu nganda zikoresha amamodoka, ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byose bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byose bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byose bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byose bikoresha amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoronike, ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mumashanyarazi. insinga na kabili, indege ya turbine, kubaga, kubaga, no kubaka ubwato5.Urwego rukungahaye cyane mubutaka (ni ukuvuga ubutaka bwo hejuru) rwatewe na antropogeneque na naturel, ariko cyane cyane, Ni isoko karemano aho kuba antropogeneque 4,6.Isoko karemano ya nikel harimo kuruka kwikirunga, ibimera, umuriro w’amashyamba, hamwe na geologiya;icyakora, inkomoko ya antropogeneque irimo bateri ya nikel / kadmium mu nganda zibyuma, amashanyarazi, gusudira arc, amavuta ya mazutu na peteroli, hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bituruka ku gutwika amakara n’imyanda no gutwika imyanda Nickel yegeranye 7,8.Nkuko bivugwa na Freedman na Hutchinson9 na Manyiwa n'abandi.10, isoko nyamukuru y’umwanda w’ubutaka mu bidukikije kandi byegeranye cyane cyane ni nikel-umuringa ushingiye ku mashanyarazi na mine.Ubutaka bwo hejuru bukikije uruganda rwa Sudbury nikel-umuringa muri Kanada bwari bufite urugero rwinshi rwa nikel kuri 26.000 mg / kg11.12, ingano ya HNO3 ikururwa na nikel mu butaka bwa mbere bwo guhinga mu karere (umusaruro wa nikel mu Burusiya) yavuye kuri 6.25 kugeza kuri 136.88 mg / kg, ihwanye na 30.43 mg / kg hamwe na 25 mg / kg. Ukurikije kabata 11, ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda mu butaka bw’ibihingwa mu gihe cy’ubutaka bw’imijyi cyangwa mu mijyi. biganisha kuri kanseri binyuze muri mutagenezesi, kwangirika kwa chromosomal, kubyara Z-ADN, guhagarika gusana ADN gusana, cyangwa inzira ya epigenetike13.Mu bushakashatsi bw’inyamaswa, nikel yasanze ifite ubushobozi bwo gutera ibibyimba bitandukanye, kandi nikel ya kanseri ya kanseri ishobora kongera ibibyimba nkibi.
Isuzumabumenyi ry’ubutaka ryateye imbere mu bihe byashize bitewe n’ibibazo byinshi bifitanye isano n’ubuzima bituruka ku mibanire y’ibiterwa n’ubutaka, imikoranire y’ubutaka n’ubutaka, iyangirika ry’ibidukikije, hamwe n’isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije. Kugeza magingo aya, guhanura ahantu hashobora kuba uburozi (PTEs) nka Ni mu butaka bwarakoreshwaga kandi butwara igihe hifashishijwe uburyo bwa gakondo bwa MacM. ratney16, gushushanya ikarita yubutaka (DSM) yerekanye ko ari igice cyihariye cyubumenyi bwubutaka.Lagacherie na McBratney, 2006 basobanura DSM nk "uburyo bwo gushyiraho no kuzuza sisitemu yamakuru yubutaka butandukanye hifashishijwe uburyo bwo kureba ibintu hamwe na laboratoire hamwe nuburyo bwo gutandukanya ubutaka butandukanye" .McBratney nibindi.17 vuga ko DSM cyangwa PSM yiki gihe aribwo buryo bukomeye bwo guhanura cyangwa gushushanya ikwirakwizwa rya PTEs, ubwoko bwubutaka nubutaka bwubutaka.Geostatistics and Machine Learning Algorithms (Umudepite) nubuhanga bwo kwerekana imiterere ya DSM bukora amakarita ya digitale hifashishijwe mudasobwa ukoresheje amakuru akomeye kandi make.
Deutsch18 na Olea19 bisobanura geostatistics nk "ikusanyirizo ryubuhanga bwumubare bujyanye no kwerekana imiterere yimiterere, cyane cyane ikoresha imiterere idakuka, nkukuntu isesengura ryibihe biranga amakuru yigihe gito."Byibanze, geostatistique ikubiyemo isuzuma rya variogrammes, zemerera Quantify no gusobanura kwishingira indangagaciro ziva muri buri dataset20.Gumiaux nibindi.20 irerekana kandi ko isuzuma rya variogrammes muri geostatistics rishingiye ku mahame atatu, harimo (a) kubara igipimo cyo guhuza amakuru, (b) kumenya no kubara anisotropy mu itandukaniro rya dataset kandi (c) usibye no kuzirikana ikosa ryibanze ryamakuru yo gupimwa yatandukanijwe ningaruka zaho, ingaruka ziterwa na krig, zikoreshwa muri rusange, kriging, ibyingenzi bya Bayesian kriging, uburyo bworoshye bwa kriging hamwe nubundi buryo buzwi bwa interpolation bwo gushushanya cyangwa guhanura PTE, ibiranga ubutaka, nubwoko bwubutaka.
Kwiga Imashini Algorithms (Umudepite) ni tekinike nshya isa naho ikoresha ibyiciro binini bitari umurongo, byongewe na algorithm ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bucukuzi bwamakuru, ikagaragaza imiterere yamakuru, kandi igashyirwa mubikorwa inshuro nyinshi mubyiciro bya siyansi nka siyanse yubutaka hamwe nimirimo yo gusubiza.22 (amashyamba adasanzwe yo kugereranya ibyuma biremereye mubutaka bwubuhinzi), Sakizadeh nibindi.23.24 (CART yo kwerekana ibyuma biremereye kubika hamwe na adsorption mubutaka) Izuba nibindi.25.
Gushyira mu bikorwa algorithms ya DSM mu guhanura cyangwa gushushanya bihura n’ibibazo byinshi.Abanditsi benshi bemeza ko Umudepite aruta geostatistics naho ubundi.Nubwo umwe aruta undi, guhuza byombi bizamura urwego rwukuri rwo gushushanya cyangwa guhanura muri DSM15.Woodcock na Gopal26 Finke27;Pontius na Cheuk28 na Grunwald29 batanga ibisobanuro kubitagenda neza hamwe namakosa amwe n'amwe yo gushushanya ikarita y’ubutaka. Abahanga mu butaka bagerageje uburyo butandukanye bwo kunoza imikorere, neza, no guhanura ikarita ya DSM no guhanura. Guhuza ibidashidikanywaho no kugenzura ni kimwe mu bintu byinshi bitandukanye byinjijwe muri DSM kugira ngo bikore neza kandi bigabanye inenge.Nyamara, Agyeman n'abandi.15 vuga ko imyitwarire yo kwemeza no gushidikanya byatangijwe no gukora ikarita no guhanura bigomba kwemezwa byigenga kugira ngo ubwiza bw’ikarita bugabanuke.Imipaka ya DSM iterwa n’ubutaka bw’ubutaka butatanye, bukubiyemo ibintu bitazwi neza;icyakora, kutamenya neza muri DSM bishobora guturuka kumasoko menshi yamakosa, aribyo ikosa rya covariate, ikosa ryikitegererezo, ikosa ryaho, hamwe nisesengura ryisesengura 31.Gukoresha uburyo budasobanutse bwatewe ninteko ishinga amategeko hamwe na geostatistique bifitanye isano no kutumva neza, amaherezo biganisha ku gukabya inzira nyayo32.Ibisobanuro byerekana uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere, uburyo bwo kugereranya ibintu. byagaragaye biteza imbere guhuza geostatistique n’umudepite mu gushushanya no guhanura. Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ubutaka n’abanditsi, nka Sergeev n'abandi.34;Subbotina n'abandi.35;Tarasov n'abandi.36 na Tarasov n'abandi.37 bakoresheje ubuziranenge bwa geostatistique hamwe no kwiga imashini kugirango babyare imiterere ya Hybrid itezimbere imikorere yo guteganya no gushushanya.ubuziranenge.Bimwe muribi bivangavanze cyangwa bihujwe na algorithm ni Artificial Neural Network Kriging (ANN-RK), Multilayer Perceptron Residual Kriging (MLP-RK), Rusange Rusange Neural Network Residual Kriging (GR- NNRK) 36, Artificial Neural Network Kriging-Multilayer Perceptron (ANN-K-MLP).
Nk’uko Sergeev n'abandi babivuga, guhuza uburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana imideli bifite ubushobozi bwo gukuraho inenge no kongera imikorere ya moderi ya Hybrid yavuyemo aho guteza imbere icyitegererezo cyayo kimwe. Muri urwo rwego, iyi mpapuro nshya ivuga ko ari ngombwa gushyira mu bikorwa algorithm ihuriweho na geostatistics hamwe n’umudepite kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibinyabuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane ubukire bwa Ni mu migi no mu mijyi ya SVM). Moderi ya Linear Regression (MLR). Kwivanga kwa EBK numudepite uwo ari we wese ntibizwi.Uburyo bwinshi buvanze bwagaragaye ni uguhuza ibisanzwe, ibisigara, kwisubiraho kriging, hamwe na Depite.EBK nuburyo bwa interpolation ya geostatistique ikoresha uburyo butandukanye bwakorewe ahantu hatandukanye hakoreshwa uburyo butandukanye bwo guhitamo ahantu hashyizwe hamwe. zing ikwirakwizwa rya karubone kama mubutaka bwubuhinzi40, gusuzuma umwanda wubutaka41 no gushushanya imiterere yubutaka42.
Ku rundi ruhande, Igishushanyo-cyo Kwishushanya (SeOM) ni algorithm yo kwiga yakoreshejwe mu ngingo zitandukanye nka Li n'abandi.43, Wang n'abandi.44, Hossain Bhuiyan n'abandi.45 na Kebonye et al.46 Menya ibiranga umwanya hamwe no guteranya ibintu.Wang et al.44 vuga ko SeOM nubuhanga bukomeye bwo kwiga buzwiho ubushobozi bwo guteranya no gutekereza ibibazo bitari umurongo.Ntabwo bimeze nkubundi buryo bwo kumenyekanisha imiterere nko gusesengura ibice byingenzi, guhuza ibice bya fuzzy, guhuza ibyiciro, no gufata ibyemezo byinshi, SeOM nibyiza mugutegura no kumenya imiterere ya PTE. Ukurikije Wang nabandi.44, SeOM irashobora gutondekanya muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza neuron ifitanye isano no gutanga amakuru-yerekana neza cyane amashusho.SOM izerekana amashusho yamakuru yo guhanura kugirango ibone icyitegererezo cyiza cyo kuranga ibisubizo kubisobanuro bitaziguye.
Uru rupapuro rugamije kubyaza umusaruro ikarita yerekana ikarita yerekana neza neza uburyo bwo guhanura ibikomoka kuri nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi. Turakeka ko kwizerwa kw’imvange ivanze ahanini biterwa n’ingaruka z’izindi ngero zifatanije n’icyitegererezo fatizo. Turemera imbogamizi zihura na DSM, kandi mu gihe izo mbogamizi zirimo gukemurwa ku mpande nyinshi, guhuza iterambere muri geostatistique na MLA bigaragara ko byiyongera;kubwibyo, tuzagerageza gusubiza ibibazo byubushakashatsi bishobora gutanga imiterere ivanze.Nyamara, ni buryo ki urugero rwiza rwo guhanura ibintu bigamije? Nanone, ni uruhe rwego rwo gusuzuma imikorere rushingiye ku kwemeza no gusuzuma neza? Ni yo mpamvu, intego zihariye z’ubu bushakashatsi zari iyo (a) gushyiraho icyitegererezo cy’imvange cya SVMR cyangwa MLR ukoresheje EBK nk'icyitegererezo fatizo (c) kugereranya icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyitegererezo cyavuye mu mijyi (c) cyerekana icyerekezo cyiza; ikarita ihanitse yikarita ya nikel itandukanye.
Ubushakashatsi burimo gukorerwa muri Repubulika ya Ceki, cyane cyane mu karere ka Frydek Mistek mu karere ka Moraviya-Silesiya (reba Ishusho ya 1) .Uburinganire bw’akarere k’ubushakashatsi burakomeye cyane kandi bugizwe ahanini n’akarere ka Beskidy ka Moraviya-Silesiya, kari mu gice cy’inyuma cy’imisozi ya Karipati. ;icyakora, gahunda yo gutondekanya Koppen kumiterere yikirere yakarere kashyizwe ku rutonde nka Cfb = ikirere cy’ikirere gishyuha, Hariho imvura nyinshi ndetse no mu mezi yumutse.Ubushyuhe buratandukanye gato mu mwaka hagati ya −5 ° C na 24 ° C, ntibikunze kugabanuka munsi ya −14 ° C cyangwa hejuru ya 30 ° C, mu gihe ikigereranyo cy’imvura kigera kuri 685 na 752 mm47. % by'amashyamba.Ku rundi ruhande, ubuso bwakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi bugera kuri kilometero kare 889.8. Muri Ostrava no mu micungararo yawo, inganda z’ibyuma n’ibikorwa by’ibyuma birakora cyane. Uruganda rukora ibyuma, inganda z’ibyuma aho nikel ikoreshwa mu byuma bitagira umwanda (urugero nko kurwanya ruswa y’ikirere) hamwe n’ibyuma bikomoka ku buhinzi hamwe n’ingufu zikomeye hamwe n’ubuhinzi bukomeye hamwe n’ubuhinzi bukomeye hamwe n’ubuhinzi bukomoka ku buhinzi hamwe n’ibihingwa bikungahaye cyane. ubushakashatsi bushobora kuba buturuka kuri nikel mukarere (urugero, kongeramo nikel kumwana wintama kugirango byongere umuvuduko wintama nintama zitunzwe cyane) .Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha inganda za nikel mubice byubushakashatsi harimo no gukoresha amashanyarazi, harimo amashanyarazi ya nikel hamwe na elegitoronike ya nikel. olian muri kamere. Bimwe mubice byubutaka bigaragara ko byahinduwe hejuru yubutaka ndetse nubutaka, akenshi hamwe na beto no guhumanya.Nyamara, cambisol na stagnosol nubwoko bwubutaka bukunze kugaragara mukarere48. Hamwe nuburebure buri hagati ya 455.1 na 493.5 m, cambisol yiganje muri Repubulika ya Ceki 49.
Ikarita y'ahantu ho kwigwa [Ikarita y'ahantu ho kwigwa yakozwe hifashishijwe Ibiro bya ArcGIS (ESRI, Inc, verisiyo 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Icyitegererezo cy’ubutaka 115 cyakuwe mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi yo mu karere ka Frydek Mistek.Urugero rwakoreshwaga ni umuyoboro usanzwe ufite icyitegererezo cy’ubutaka kiri hagati ya kilometero 2 × 2, naho ubutaka bwo hejuru bwapimwe ku bujyakuzimu bwa cm 0 kugeza kuri 20 hakoreshejwe igikoresho cya GPS (Leica Zeno 5 GPS). Uruganda rwa disiki ya Fritsch), no gushungura (ubunini bwa mm 2) W na 160 ° C. ya PTEs (Nk, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Ca, Mg, K) byagenwe na ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) ukurikije uburyo busanzwe n'amasezerano. Kwemeza ubuziranenge no kugenzura (QA / QC). .Imipaka yo kumenya PTE yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yari 0.0004.
Empirical Bayesian Kriging (EBK) ni bumwe mu buhanga bwa geostatistique interpolation bukoreshwa mu kwerekana imiterere mu bice bitandukanye nka siyanse y'ubutaka. Bitandukanye n'ubundi buryo bwa kriging interpolation, EBK itandukanye n'uburyo bwa kriging gakondo urebye ikosa ryagereranijwe na moderi ya semivariogramme. ya semivariogram igizwe nigice gikomeye cyane cyuburyo buhagije bwa kriging. Gahunda ya interpolation ya EBK ikurikiza ingingo eshatu zasabwe na Krivoruchko50, (a) icyitegererezo kigereranya semivariogramu yinjiza dataset (b) agaciro gashya kavuzwe kuri buri dataset yinjizwa hashingiwe ku mibare yatanzwe na dataset yerekana ko ari ikigereranyo cyateganijwe.
Aho \ (Ikibazo \ ibumoso (A \ iburyo) \) byerekana ibyabanjirije, \ (Ikibazo \ ibumoso (B \ iburyo) \) amahirwe ya marginal yirengagizwa mubihe byinshi, \ (Ikibazo (B, A) \) .Ibarura rya semivariogram rishingiye ku mategeko ya Bayes, ryerekana ubushake bwamakuru ya datasets ashobora gushirwaho uhereye kuri semivariogramu.Agaciro kerekana ko hashyizweho uburyo bwa semivari. semivariogram.
Imashini ya vector imashini ni imashini yiga algorithm itanga uburyo bwiza bwo gutandukanya hyperplane kugirango itandukane ibyiciro bisa ariko bidafite umurongo wigenga.Vapnik51 yashyizeho algorithm yo gushaka ibyiciro, ariko iherutse gukoreshwa mugukemura ibibazo bishingiye ku gusubira inyuma. Dukurikije Li et al.52, SVM ni bumwe mubuhanga bwiza bwo gushyira mu byiciro kandi bwakoreshejwe mubice bitandukanye bya SVM. ered SVMR nk'isubiranamo rishingiye ku ntangiriro, ibarwa ryakozwe ryakozwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusubira inyuma ku murongo hamwe n'imikorere y'ibihugu byinshi. Yohana et al54 avuga ko kwerekana imiterere ya SVMR ikoresha hyperplane umurongo ugaruka, bigatuma habaho umubano utari umurongo kandi ukemera imikorere y'ahantu. Nkurikije Vohland n'abandi.55, epsilon (() apnik51 irerekanwa hepfo.
aho b ihagarariye igipimo cya scalar, \ (K \ ibumoso ({x} _ {,} {x} _ {k} \ iburyo) \) igereranya imikorere yintangiriro, \ (\ alpha \) igereranya kugwiza kwa Lagrange, N Yerekana imibare yumubare, \ ({x} _ {k} \) igereranya amakuru yinjiza, kandi \ (y \) ni amakuru asohoka. Intungamubiri ya RBF ikoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane icyitegererezo cyiza cya SVMR, kikaba ari ingenzi cyane kugirango tubone ibihano byoroheje byashyizweho C na kernel parameter gamma (γ) kumakuru yamahugurwa ya PTE. Ubwa mbere, twasuzumye amahugurwa hanyuma dusuzuma imikorere yicyitegererezo kumurongo wemejwe.Ibikoresho byo kuyobora ni sigma kandi uburyo bwagaciro ni svmRadial.
Icyitegererezo cyinshi cyo gusubira inyuma (MLR) nicyitegererezo cyo gusubira inyuma kigaragaza isano iri hagati yimpinduka zisubizwa hamwe numubare wibihinduka byahanuwe ukoresheje ibipimo bihujwe umurongo bibarwa ukoresheje uburyo buto bwa kare. Muri MLR, icyitegererezo cya kare kare ni imikorere yo guhanura imitungo yubutaka nyuma yo guhitamo impinduka zisobanura.Ni ngombwa gukoresha igisubizo kugirango habeho guhuza umurongo hamwe nibisobanuro byerekana.
aho y ni ibisubizo bihinduka, \ (a \) ni uguhagarika, n numubare wabahanuzi, \ ({b} _ {1} \) ni ugusubira inyuma kubice bya coefficient, \ ({x} _ {i} \) byerekana ibyahanuwe cyangwa ibisobanuro bihinduka, kandi \ ({\ varepsilon} _ {i} \) byerekana ikosa mubyitegererezo, bizwi kandi nkibisigaye.
Moderi ivanze yabonetse muri sandwiching EBK hamwe na SVMR na MLR.Ibi bikorwa mugukuramo indangagaciro zahanuwe muri EBK interpolation.Indangagaciro zahanuwe zabonetse muri interpolated Ca, K, na Mg ziboneka muburyo bwo guhuza ibintu kugirango babone impinduka nshya, nka CaK, CaMg, na KMg.Ibintu Ca, K na Mg bihinduka kugirango babone impinduka za CaG, CaM , KMg na CaKM. impinduka Ca, K, Mg, CaK, CaMg, KMg, na CaKMg zikoreshwa nka covariates nkabahanuzi ba Ni mubutaka bwo mumijyi no mumijyi. Icyitegererezo cyemewe cyane cyabonetse (EBK_SVM cyangwa EBK_MLR) noneho kizerekanwa mumashusho ukoresheje igishushanyo mbonera. Ibikorwa byubushakashatsi byerekanwe mubishusho 2.
Gukoresha SeOM byahindutse igikoresho kizwi cyane mugutegura, gusuzuma, no guhanura amakuru murwego rwimari, ubuvuzi, inganda, imibare, siyanse yubutaka, nibindi byinshi.SOM yashizweho hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yubukorikori yubukorikori hamwe nuburyo bwo kwiga butagenzuwe muburyo bwo gutunganya, gusuzuma, no guhanura. Muri ubu bushakashatsi, SeOM yakoreshejwe mu kwerekana ibitekerezo bya Ni bishingiye ku cyitegererezo cyiza cyo guhanura Ni mu bice bya SeM.57 sobanura ihuriro ryinjiza ryinjira mumiyoboro ya neural unyuze kumurongo umwe winjiza kugeza kuri vector isohoka hamwe na vector imwe yuburemere.Ibisohoka byakozwe na SeOM ni ikarita yibice bibiri igizwe na neuron cyangwa node zitandukanye zishushanyijeho amakarita ya topologiya ya mpande esheshatu, izenguruka, cyangwa kare ya kare ya topologiya ukurikije aho yegereye. Kugereranya ubunini bwikarita bushingiye kuri metero, ikosa ryakozwe (QE) hamwe nikosa rya top 90 (TE) 5 × 11) .Imiterere ya neuron igenwa ukurikije umubare wumutwe muburinganire
Umubare wamakuru yakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni ingero 115. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwakoreshejwe kugirango ugabanye amakuru mu makuru y’ibizamini (25% yo kwemeza) hamwe n’amahugurwa yatanzwe (75% yo guhitamo) .Impinduka zakozwe na EBK interpolation zikoreshwa nkabahanuzi cyangwa ibisobanuro bisobanura kugirango bahanure intego ihinduka (PTE) .Modeling ikorerwa muri RStudio ukoresheje ububiko bwibitabo (Kohonen), isomero (caret), isomero (modelr), isomero (“e1071 ″), isomero (“ plyr ”), isomero (“ caTools ”), isomero (
Ibipimo bitandukanye byo kwemeza byakoreshejwe kugirango hamenyekane icyitegererezo cyiza gikwiye mu guhanura ubunini bwa nikel mu butaka no gusuzuma ukuri kw'icyitegererezo no kwemezwa kwayo. Ubwoko bwa Hybridisation bwasuzumwe hifashishijwe ikosa ryuzuye (MAE), imizi isobanura ikosa rya kare (RMSE), hamwe na R-kwaduka cyangwa coefficient (R2) .R2 isobanura itandukaniro ry'uburinganire mu gipimo cyerekana ubwisanzure bwa RMS. agaciro nyako kagereranijwe.Agaciro R2 kagomba kuba hejuru kugirango dusuzume icyitegererezo cyiza kivanze ukoresheje ibipimo byo kwemeza, uko agaciro kegereye 1, niko hejuru yukuri. Ukurikije Li nabandi.59, R2 igipimo cya 0,75 cyangwa kirenga gifatwa nkuwahanuye neza;kuva 0.5 kugeza 0,75 byemewe imikorere yicyitegererezo, naho munsi ya 0.5 ntabwo byemewe imikorere yicyitegererezo.Iyo guhitamo icyitegererezo ukoresheje uburyo bwo gusuzuma ibipimo bya RMSE na MAE, indangagaciro zo hasi zabonetse zari zihagije kandi byafatwaga nkicyifuzo cyiza.Ikigereranyo gikurikira gisobanura uburyo bwo kugenzura.
aho n igereranya ubunini bwagaciro kagaragaye \ ({Y} _ {i} \) byerekana igisubizo cyapimwe, naho \ ({\ widehat {Y}} _ {i} \) nacyo kigaragaza agaciro kateganijwe guhanurwa, kubwibyo, kubwa mbere i kwitegereza.
Ibisobanuro bishingiye ku mibare y'ibyahanuwe n'ibisubizo byatanzwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1, byerekana ibisobanuro, gutandukana bisanzwe (SD), coefficient de variaire (CV), byibuze, ntarengwa, kurtose, na skewness. Indangagaciro ntoya kandi ntarengwa yibintu biri mukugabanuka kwa Mg Bitewe nuburinganire butandukanye bwapimwe bwibintu byatoranijwe, amakuru yashyizweho yo gukwirakwiza ibintu agaragaza ubunebwe butandukanye.Ubusembwa na kurtose yibintu byari hagati ya 1.53 kugeza 7.24 na 2.49 kugeza 54.16, buri kintu cyose cyabazwe gifite urwego rwikurikiranya na kurtose hejuru ya +1, bityo bikerekana ko ikwirakwizwa ryamakuru ari ridasanzwe, ryerekanwe kandi ryerekana ko ryagaragaye cyane. guhinduka. CV za K, Ni na Mg zisobanura kugabana kwabo.Ikindi kandi, ikwirakwizwa rya Ca ntirihuje kandi amasoko yo hanze arashobora kugira ingaruka kurwego rwo gutungisha.
Isano ryimihindagurikire yimiterere hamwe nibisubizo byerekanaga isano ishimishije hagati yibintu (reba Ishusho 3) .Isano ryerekanaga ko CaK yerekanye isano iri hagati yagaciro r = 0.53, kimwe na CaNi.Nubwo Ca na K berekana amashyirahamwe yoroheje hagati yabo, abashakashatsi nka Kingston nabandi.68 na Santo69 byerekana ko urwego rwabo mubutaka ruringaniza.Nyamara, Ca na Mg birwanya K, ariko CaK ifitanye isano neza.Ibyo bishobora guterwa no gukoresha ifumbire nka karubone ya potasiyumu, iri hejuru ya 56% muri potasiyumu. Potasiyumu yari ifitanye isano na magnesium (KM r = 0.63). nitrati ya potasiyumu magnesium, na potas bikoreshwa mubutaka kugirango bongere urugero rwibura ryabo.Nikel ihujwe mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro na Ca, K na Mg ifite agaciro ka r = 0.52, 0,63 na 0.55, isano.
Matrisa ihuriro kubintu byerekana isano iri hagati yabahanuzi nibisubizo (Icyitonderwa: iyi shusho ikubiyemo gutatanya hagati yibintu, urwego rwingenzi rushingiye kuri p <0,001).
Igicapo ca 4 kirerekana ikwirakwizwa ryibintu bitandukanijwe. Dukurikije Burgos et al70, ikoreshwa ryogukwirakwiza ahantu ni tekinike ikoreshwa mu kubara no kwerekana ahantu hashyushye ahantu handuye.Urwego rwo gukungahaza rwa Ca ku gishushanyo cya 4 rushobora kugaragara mu gice cy’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw'ikarita yo gukwirakwiza ahantu. Igishushanyo cyerekana uburyo bukoreshwa na calcium mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bitewe no gukoresha ubukana bwa calcium mu gihe cy’amajyaruguru y’iburengerazuba. urusyo nka ogisijeni ya alkaline mugikorwa cyo gukora ibyuma.Ku rundi ruhande, abandi bahinzi bahitamo gukoresha calcium hydroxide mu butaka bwa aside kugira ngo itabuza pH, nayo ikongerera calcium mu butaka71.Potasiyumu kandi yerekana ahantu hashyushye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba no mu burasirazuba bwikarita. ý72, Madaras et al.73, Pulkrabová et al.74, Asare et al.75, babonye ko guhuza ubutaka no kuvura hamwe na KCl na NPK byatumye K nyinshi iba mu butaka.Gutunganyiriza Potassiyumu mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikarita yo kugabura bishobora guterwa no gukoresha ifumbire ishingiye kuri potasiyumu nka potasiyumu chloride, potasiyumu sulfate, nitrati ya potasiyumu, potas, na potas kugira ngo yongere potasiyumu y'ubutaka bubi.Zádorová n'abandi.76 na Tlustoš n'abandi.77 yagaragaje ko ikoreshwa ry’ifumbire mvaruganda K ryongereye K mu butaka kandi byongera cyane intungamubiri zubutaka mu gihe kirekire, cyane cyane K na Mg byerekana ahantu hashyushye mu butaka. Mu buryo bushyushye ahantu hashyushye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bw’ikarita no mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwikarita. Gutunganya ifumbire mvaruganda mu butaka bigabanya ubukana bwa magnesium mu butaka. nka potasiyumu magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, na Kieserite, bivura ibitagenda neza (ibimera bigaragara ko ari ibara ry'umuyugubwe, umutuku, cyangwa umukara, byerekana kubura magnesium) mu butaka bufite igipimo gisanzwe cya pH6.Kwirundanya kwa nikel ku butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi bishobora guterwa n’ibikorwa bya antropogene nkubuhinzi n’akamaro ka nikel mu musaruro w’icyuma78.
Ikwirakwizwa ryibintu [ikarita yo gukwirakwiza ahantu yakozwe hifashishijwe Ibiro bya ArcGIS (ESRI, Inc, verisiyo 10.7, URL: https://desktop.arcgis.com).]
Icyitegererezo cyibikorwa byerekana ibisubizo kubintu byakoreshejwe muri ubu bushakashatsi byerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 2.Ku rundi ruhande, RMSE na MAE ya Ni byombi bigera kuri zeru (0.86 RMSE, -0.08 MAE) .Ku rundi ruhande, ibisubizo bya RMSE na MAE bya K biremewe. Ibisubizo bya RMSE na MAE byari binini kuri calcium na magnesium.Ca na K MAE na RMSE guhanura Ni wasangaga aruta ibisubizo bya John nabandi.54 ukoresheje synergistic kriging kugirango uhanure ubunini bwa S mubutaka ukoresheje amakuru amwe yakusanyijwe.Ibisubizo bya EBK twize bifitanye isano nibya Fabijaczyk nabandi.41, Yan n'abandi.79, Beguin n'abandi.80, Adhikary n'abandi.81 na Yohani n'abandi.82, cyane cyane K na Ni.
Imikorere yuburyo bwihariye bwo guhanura ibikomoka kuri nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi yasuzumwe hifashishijwe imikorere y’icyitegererezo (Imbonerahamwe 3) .Ikigereranyo cyo kwemeza no gusuzuma neza cyemeje ko abahanuzi ba Ca_Mg_K bahujwe n’icyitegererezo cya EBK SVMR batanze umusaruro mwiza. Icyitegererezo cya Calibration Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR2 kg.ibisubizo byabo bya RMSE na MAE byari hejuru kurenza ibya Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR (R2 0.637) (reba Imbonerahamwe 3). Byongeye kandi, RMSE na MAE ya Ca_Mg-EBK_SVMR (RMSE = 1664.64 na MAE = 1031.49) ni 17.5 na 13.4_MM E ya Ca_Mg-K SVMR (RMSE = 235.974 na MAE = 166.946) ni 2,5 na 2,2 nini ugereranije na Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR RMSE na MAE.46 na john n'abandi.54, uko RMSE na MAE zegereye zeru, niko ibisubizo birushaho kuba byiza.SVMR na EBK_SVMR bifite agaciro ka RSME na MAE byagereranijwe. Byaragaragaye ko igereranyo cya RSME ryagiye risumba indangagaciro za MAE, byerekana ko hari abasohoka hanze. Ukurikije Legates na McCabe83, urugero rwerekana ko RMSE irenze ikosa risobanurwa. ous dataset, urwego rwo hejuru indangagaciro za MAE na RMSE. Ukuri kwipimisha ryambukiranya imipaka ya Ca_Mg_K-EBK_SVMR ivanze yo guhanura Ni ibirimo mubutaka bwo mumijyi no mumujyi byari 63.70% .Nkurikije Li nabandi.59, uru rwego rwukuri ni igipimo cyemewe cyerekana imikorere.Ibisubizo byubu ugereranije nubushakashatsi bwibanze bwakozwe na Tarasov n'abandi.36 icyitegererezo cya Hybrid cyaremye MLPRK (Multilayer Perceptron Residual Kriging), ifitanye isano na EBK_SVMR igipimo cyerekana isuzuma ryukuri ryatangajwe mubushakashatsi burimo gukorwa, RMSE (210) na MAE (167.5) byari hejuru yibyo twabonye mubushakashatsi bwakozwe ubu (RMSE 95.479, MAE 77.368) .Nyamara, ugereranije na 0.2.36. MR) ni 63.7%, mugihe ubuhanuzi bwukuri bwabonetse na Sergeev nabandi.34 ni 28.%
Ikarita yanyuma yo guhanura igaragazwa hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cya EBK_SVMR no gukoresha Ca_Mg_K nk'uwahanuye.
Yerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 6 ni PTE yibumbiye hamwe nindege igizwe na neurone kugiti cye.Nta ndege yibigize yerekanaga ibara rimwe nkuko ryerekanwe.Nyamara, umubare ukwiye wa neuron ku ikarita yashushanijwe ni 55.SOM ikorwa hifashishijwe amabara atandukanye, kandi birasa cyane nibishusho by'amabara, ukurikije igereranya ryinshi ryibara rya Ca, K, na M ibisa na neuron yo murwego rwohejuru cyane hamwe nuburyo bwo hasi-buringaniye bwamabara.Icyitegererezo cyombi gihanura ubunini bwa Ni mubutaka mugaragaza amabara maremare kugeza murwego rwo hejuru rwamabara nkumutuku, orange n'umuhondo. Moderi ya KMg yerekana amabara menshi maremare ashingiye ku gipimo gisobanutse neza kandi kiri munsi y’ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana ibara ryerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike ya tekinike yerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo cyerekana ibara ryerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo cyinshi cyerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo cya tekinike cyerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo kinini cyerekana icyerekezo cy'uburinganire. Yerekana ibara ritandukanye kuva hasi kugeza hejuru ukurikije igipimo cyamabara nyayo.Ikindi kandi, guhanura kwicyitegererezo cyibintu bya nikel (CakMg) bisa no gukwirakwiza umwanya wa nikel bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 5.Ibishushanyo mbonera byombi byerekana urugero rurerure, ruciriritse kandi ruto rwo mu rwego rwo hejuru rwa nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no mu mijyi. cluster.Mu byitegererezo byubutaka 115 byakusanyirijwe, icyiciro cya 1 cyabonye icyitegererezo cyubutaka bwinshi, 74.Icyiciro cya 2 cyakiriye ingero 33, mugihe cluster ya 3 yakiriye ingero 8. Guhuza ibice birindwi bigize planar predictor predictororiste byoroshywe kugirango bisobanurwe neza cluster.Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwa antropogeneque na kamere bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubutaka, biragoye kuba utandukanije neza imiterere ya cluster ikarita ya SEOM yatanzwe78.
Indege igizwe nibisohoka na buri Empirical Bayesian Kriging Inkunga ya Vector Machine (EBK_SVM_SeOM) ihinduka. [Ikarita ya SeOM yakozwe hakoreshejwe RStudio (verisiyo 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Ibice bitandukanye byo gutondekanya cluster [Ikarita ya SeOM yakozwe hakoreshejwe RStudio (verisiyo 1.4.1717: https://www.rstudio.com/).]
Ubu bushakashatsi burerekana neza uburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere ya nikel mu butaka bwo mu mijyi no hagati y’imijyi.Ubushakashatsi bwagerageje uburyo butandukanye bwo kwerekana imiterere, buhuza ibintu hamwe nubuhanga bwo kwerekana imiterere, kugirango haboneke uburyo bwiza bwo guhanura nikel mu butaka.Ibikoresho bya SeOM bigize planar ahantu hagaragara tekinike yerekana uburyo bwo kwerekana ibara ryerekana amabara maremare kuva hasi kugeza hejuru ku gipimo cy’ibara ryerekanwa. ibisubizo byerekana ko moderi yingoboka yimashini isubira inyuma (Ca Mg K-SVMR) iteganya ko Ni mu butaka bwibanze ku butaka nkicyitegererezo kimwe, ariko ibipimo byo kwemeza no gusuzuma neza byerekana amakosa menshi cyane mubijyanye na RMSE na MAE.Ku rundi ruhande, tekinike yo kwerekana imiterere yakoreshejwe na moderi ya EBK_MLR nayo ifite amakosa kubera agaciro gake ka coefficient yo kumenya (R2) hamwe na RMS). Ukuri kuri 63.7% .Biragaragara ko guhuza algorithm ya EBK na algorithm yiga imashini bishobora kubyara algorithm ya Hybrid ishobora guhanura ubwinshi bwa PTEs mubutaka.Ibisubizo byerekana ko gukoresha Ca Mg K nk'abahanuzi guhanura Ni mu gace k’ubushakashatsi bishobora guteza imbere ubuhanuzi bwa Ni mu butaka.Ibyo bivuze ko guhora mu gukoresha ifumbire mvaruganda hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka bw’ubutaka. Icyitegererezo cya EBK kirashobora kugabanya urwego rwamakosa no kunoza ukuri kwicyitegererezo cyo gukwirakwiza ubutaka mu butaka bwo mu mijyi cyangwa hafi yimijyi.Muri rusange, turasaba ko twakoresha icyitegererezo cya EBK-SVMR kugirango dusuzume kandi tumenye PTE mu butaka;mubyongeyeho, turasaba gukoresha EBK kugirango tuvange hamwe na algorithms zitandukanye zo kwiga imashini.Ni concentration zahanuwe hakoreshejwe ibintu nka covariates;icyakora, gukoresha covariates nyinshi byanoza cyane imikorere yicyitegererezo, gishobora gufatwa nkimbogamizi yimirimo iriho.Indi mbogamizi yubu bushakashatsi ni uko umubare wamakuru ari 115. Kubera iyo mpamvu, niba hari amakuru menshi yatanzwe, imikorere yuburyo bwateganijwe bwo kuvanga uburyo bwiza bushobora kunozwa.
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