Biraruhura kandi biratangaje kubona abanyamurwango James Payne na Joan Sherwell bahisemo guhagararira abahanzi batatu baturutse i New York mumijyi yabo minini yubuhanzi Yasobanuwe.
Ba nyakubahwa baba amahitamo agaragara, nubwo umwe gusa muri batatu, Basquiat, yavukiye i New York.
Abantu batatu batavuga rumwe na New York - Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning na Helen Frankenthaler.
Uruhare rw’aba bagore muri uyu mutwe rwabaye rwinshi, ariko Krasner na de Kooning bamaranye umwuga wabo wose mu gicucu cy’abagabo babo bazwi, abavuga rikijyana Jackson Pollock na Willem de Kooning.
New York Abstract Expressionism yahiritse Paris nkikigo cyisi yubuhanzi kandi ihinduka ibikorwa byabagabo.Krasner, Frankenthaler na Elaine de Kooning bakunze kumva akazi kabo bita "igitsina gore", "amagambo" cyangwa "amayeri", bivuze ko bari hasi.
Hans Hofmann ni umuntu udashyira mu gaciro uyobora sitidiyo ya Krasner ku Muhanda wa 8, aho yize nyuma yo kwiga muri Cooper Union, Ishyirahamwe ry’abanyeshuri b’ubuhanzi ndetse n’ishuri rikuru ry’ibishushanyo mbonera kandi akora mu mushinga w’ubuhanzi bwa WPA.Igihe kimwe yashimye imwe mu mashusho ye, agira ati: "Nibyiza cyane ntuzemera ko byakozwe numugore."
Penn na Showell birambuye uburyo Krasner ucyuye igihe, umaze gushingwa mu buhanzi bwa New York, asangiye amasano akomeye na Pollock mubikorwa byabo, yerekanwe hamwe na Picasso, Matisse na Georges Braque.Bidatinze, yaje gukundana na Pollock.Mu imurikagurisha ryingenzi 1942 ryerekana amashusho y’igifaransa n’abanyamerika kuri galereyo ya Macmillan.
Barashyingiranywe bimukira mu kirwa cya Long Island, ariko birananira Kibosh ku bikorwa byabo byo kunywa no gukora amasomo adasanzwe.Yasabye ikigega hasi ku mahugurwa ye, maze akora icyumba cyo kuraramo.
Mugihe Pollock yamamaye cyane yamashusho aryamye hasi yikigega, Krasner yakoze urukurikirane rwamashusho mato kumeza, rimwe na rimwe agashyiraho irangi riturutse kumuyoboro.
Krasner agereranya inyuguti ninyuguti zigiheburayo, yize akiri umwana ariko ubu ntashobora gusoma cyangwa kwandika.Ibyo ari byo byose, nk'uko abivuga, ashishikajwe no gukora imvugo y'ikigereranyo ku giti cye idatanga ibisobanuro byihariye.
Pollock amaze gupfa azize impanuka yasinze - nyirabuja yararokotse - Krasner yavuze ko sitidiyo yikigo yari iyimenyereye wenyine.
Iyi ni intambwe ihinduka.Ntabwo umurimo we wabaye munini gusa, ahubwo yanayobowe numubiri wuzuye muburyo bwo guhanga.
Nyuma yimyaka icumi, yagize imurikagurisha rye rya mbere i New York, maze mu 1984, amezi atandatu mbere y’urupfu rwe, MoMA amusubiza inyuma.
Mu kiganiro gishimishije cyane n’ubuhanzi bw’imbere muri New York mu 1978, Krasner yibukije ko mu minsi ya mbere, igitsina cye kitagize ingaruka ku kuntu umurimo we wabonwaga.
Nagiye mumashuri yisumbuye hamwe nabahanzi babagore gusa, abagore bose.Hanyuma, nari muri Cooper Union, ishuri ryubuhanzi ryabakobwa, abahanzi bose b’abakobwa, ndetse nigihe naje muri WPA, urabizi, ntibisanzwe kuba umugore no kuba umuhanzi.Ibi byose byatangiye kubaho bitinze, cyane cyane iyo ahantu bimukiye i Paris rwagati berekeza i New York, ngira ngo iki gihe cyitwa abstract expressionism, kandi ubu dufite galeries, ibiciro, amafaranga, kwitabwaho.Kugeza icyo gihe, byari ahantu hatuje rwose.Nibwo nahise menya ko ndi umugore, kandi mfite "ibintu".
Elaine de Kooning yari umuntu ushushanya amashusho adasobanutse, anenga ibihangano, umunyapolitiki, umwarimu, n '“amarangi yihuta mu mujyi”, ariko ibyo bagezeho akenshi usanga ari ibya Madamu Willem de Kooning, bombi bakaba ari “Abstract Expressionism”.kimwe cya kabiri cyabashakanye.
Umujyi ukomeye w’ubuhanzi usobanura ko imyaka 20 amaze atandukana na William - biyunze afite imyaka mirongo itanu - cyari igihe cyo gukura ku giti cye n’ubuhanzi.Yifashishije ibimasa yiboneye mu rugendo rwe, yerekeje ku bagabo imbaraga z’umugore maze ahabwa inshingano yo gushushanya ifoto ya Perezida Kennedy:
Igishushanyo cye cyose cyubuzima bwe cyagombaga gukorwa vuba cyane, gufata ibimenyetso nibimenyetso, kimwe cya kabiri nko gufata mu mutwe, ndetse no mubitekerezo byanjye, kuko atigeze yicara.Aho kugira ngo agaragare neza, yicaye nk'umukinnyi cyangwa umunyeshuri wa kaminuza, yikubita hasi ku ntebe ye.Ubwa mbere, iyi mitekerereze yubusore yaravanze, kuko atigeze yicara.
Kimwe na Krasner na Elaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler yari umwe mu bagore ba zahabu bagaragaza ibitekerezo, ariko ntabwo yari agenewe gukinisha umugabo we Robert Motherwell.
Ibi rwose biraterwa no kuba yarateje imbere ubuhanga bwa "dip-paint", aho asuka irangi ryamavuta ryavanze muri turpentine kuri kanda itabigenewe iryamye.
Basuye sitidiyo ya Frankenthaler, aho babonye imisozi ye n’inyanja hejuru, abashushanya abstract Kenneth Nolan na Maurice Lewis nabo bakoresheje ubwo buhanga, hamwe niyerekwa rye ryagutse, rifite amabara meza, nyuma rizwi ku gushushanya imikino.
Kimwe na Pollock, Frankenthaler yagaragaye mu kinyamakuru UBUZIMA, nubwo nkuko Ubuhanzi abivuga, ntabwo imyirondoro y'abahanzi BUZIMA bose ari imwe:
Ibiganiro hagati yibi byerekezo byombi bisa nkinkuru yimbaraga zumugabo zagenwe nabantu no kwifata kwumugore.Nubwo imyifatire ya Pollock yiganjemo igice cyingenzi mubikorwa bye byubuhanzi, ikibazo ntabwo aruko ahagaze, aricaye.Ahubwo, binyuze muri Pollock niho dushobora kureba mu mpande zimikorere ye ibabaza kandi igezweho.Ibinyuranye na byo, Frankenthaler Parks ishimangira igitekerezo cyacu cyabahanzi babagore nkibikorwa byitondewe, bishushanyije neza nkibihangano bihanga.Nubwo ibice bisa nkibidasobanutse kandi byijimye, buri cyuma gifatwa nkikigereranyo cyerekana igihe kibarwa, kitagira inenge cyo kumurikirwa.
Hano hari ingingo eshatu ntakunda kuganira: ubukwe bwanjye bwambere, abahanzi nibitekerezo byanjye kubo mugihe.
Kubashaka kumenya byinshi kuri aba bahanzi batatu abstract, Penn na Schuwell batanga ibyifuzo byibitabo bikurikira:
Abagore bo mu Muhanda wa cyenda: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Grace Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, na Helen Frankenthaler: Abahanzi batanu n’umutwe wahinduye ibihangano bya none na Mary Gabriel
Abahanzi batatu b'igitsina gore: Amy von Lintel, Bonnie Roos n'abandi baguye Abstract Expressionism muri Amerika y'Uburengerazuba.
Abategarugori b'abapayiniya ba Bauhaus Art Movement: Ivumburwa rya Gertrud Arndt, Marianne Brandt, Anna Albers n'abandi bashya bibagiwe
Urugendo rwihuse rw'iminota itandatu yubuhanzi bugezweho: nigute ushobora kuva muri Manet ya 1862 ya saa sita kuri nyakatsi ukagera kuri Jackson Pollock's 1950s
Uburakari bwa Vulgar Nazi kurwanya ibihangano bidafatika na “Degenerate Art Exhibition” yo mu 1937.
- Ayun Holliday ayoboye primatologue mu kinyamakuru East Village Inky kandi vuba aha umwanditsi wa Creative Ariko Ntabwo Azwi: Manifesto Ntoya y'ibirayi.Kurikira @AyunHalliday.
Turashaka kwishingikiriza kubasomyi bacu b'indahemuka, ntabwo kwamamaza byoroshye.Kugirango ushyigikire ubutumwa bwuburezi bwumuco ufunguye, tekereza gutanga impano.Twemeye PayPal, Venmo (@openculture), Patreon na Crypto!Shakisha inzira zose hano.Turabashimiye!
Kubura gushiramo Alma W. Thomas numukobwa wumwirabura Abstract Expressionist wabaye umwirabura wa mbere winjiye muri "ishuri" ryibitekerezo (Washington School of Color) akaba uwambere muri Whitby.Umugore wumwirabura ufite igitaramo wenyine muri Ni, umuhanzi wambere wigitsina gore umurimo wumwirabura waguzwe na White House - birasekeje kandi birababaje, biranga cyane cyane inshuro abahanzi birabura bibagirwa.Ibikorwa bye ubu birimo kurangiza gusubira mu ngoro ndangamurage 4 zo mu mujyi, kandi filime ngufi ivuga ku buzima bwe nakazi ke yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru irenga 38 mu mwaka ushize.https://missalmathomas.com https://columbusmuseum.com/alma-w-thoma/kuri-alma-w-thoma.html
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