AISI Super Duplex 2507 simbi isina tsvina capillary tubing
Manufacturing range:
Stainless simbi coil chubhu
Stainless simbi chubhu coil
Stainless simbi coil tubing
Stainless simbi coil pombi
Stainless simbi coil chubhu vatengesi
Stainless simbi coil chubhu vagadziri
simbi isina tsvina pombi coil
Stainless simbi capillary, Stainless simbi diki chubhu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa, fiber-optic, kugadzira peni, zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi welding, light cable joint, chikafu, vintage, dairy, drink, pharmacy uye biochemistry, kureba kwakasiyana kunogona kupihwa zvinoenderana nezvikumbiro.
Capillary machubhu ane huwandu hwakanyanya 0.0158 mukati., inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi dzisina tsvina.Sandvik capillary tubes inoratidzirwa nekushivirira kwakasimba, uye mukati meiyo machubhu haina mafuta, girizi uye zvimwe zvimedu.Izvi zvinovimbisa, semuenzaniso, yakagadziridzwa uye kunyange kuyerera kwezvinwiwa uye magasi kubva kune sensor kuenda kune yekuyeresa chiridzwa.
Stainless simbi Coiled tubing inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzechigadzirwa mafomu zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi.Licancheng sihe Stainless simbi inogadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasungwa uye zvisina musono chubhu.Magiredhi akajairwa ndeaya 304 304L 316L(UNS S31603) Duplex 2205 (UNS S32205 & S31803) Super Duplex 2507 (UNS S32750) Incoloy 825 (UNS N08825) Inconel 5 superin 6026 simbi (625) Inconel 625 simbi huru uye nickel alloy iripo pakukumbira.
Diameter kubva pa3mm (0.118'') kusvika 25.4mm (1.00'') OD.Wall ukobvu kubva 0.5mm (0.020'') kusvika 3mm (0.118'') .Tubing anogona kupiwa ari annealed kana kutonhora kushanda Stainless simbi kudzora mutsetse pombi mamiriro.
Tsanangudzo
Brand | Liaocheng Sihe Stainless STEEL |
Ukobvu | 0.1-2.0mm |
Diameter | 0.3-20mm (kushivirira: ± 0.01mm) |
Stainless Grade | 201,202,304,304L,316L,317L,321,310s,254mso,904L,2205,625 nezvimwewo. |
Surface Finish | mukati nekunze mune zvese zviri zviviri zvinopenya, kucheneswa, uye zvisina musono, hapana zvinobuda. |
Standard | ASTM A269-2002.JIS G4305/ GB/T 12770-2002GB/T12771-2002 |
Urefu | 200-1500m pacoil, kana Sezvinodiwa mutengi |
Stock size | 6*1mm ,8*0.5mm ,8*0.6mm,8*0.8mm, 8*0.9mm,8*1mm, 9.5*1mm,10*1mm, nezvimwewo. |
Chitupa | ISO&BV |
Kurongedza nzira | Mabhegi akarukwa, mabhegi epurasitiki nezvimwe. |
Application range | rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yechikafu, midziyo yekunwa, muchina wedoro, kupisa exchanger, mukaka/mvura yekugovera sisitimu, midziyo yekurapa solar simba, midziyo yekurapa, ndege, ndege, kutaurirana, mafuta uye mamwe maindasitiri. |
Cherechedza | OEM / ODM / Mutengi Label inogamuchirwa. |
Saizi yeStainless simbi Coil Tube | ||||||||||||||||
ITEM | Giredhi | Size | Pressure | Urefu | ||||||||||||
1 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.025″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
2 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/8″×0.035″ | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
3 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.035″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
4 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/4″×0.049″ | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
5 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.035″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
6 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 3/8″×0.049″ | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
7 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.049″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
8 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | 1/2″×0.065″ | 1000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
9 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm×0.7mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
10 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ3mm×0.9mm | 3200 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
11 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm×0.9mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
12 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ4mm×1.1mm | 3000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
13 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm×0.9mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
14 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ6mm×1.1mm | 2000 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
15 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm×1mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
16 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ8mm × 1.2mm | 1800 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
17 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×1mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
18 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×1.2mm | 1500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
19 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ10mm×2mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
20 | 316L, 304L, 304 alloy 625 825 2205 2507 | φ12mm×1.5mm | 500 | 500-35000 | ||||||||||||
Matafura ekumanikidza | ||||||||||||||||
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvakakodzera kune chero kupihwa kutonga kana kemikari jekiseni mutsara kunoenderana nearipo ekushanda uye saiti mamiriro.Kuti ubatsire pakusarudza, matafura anotevera anopa mukati mekumanikidzwa ratings uye zvigadziriso zvinhu zvehuwandu hwemagiredhi akajairika uye saizi yeasina musono uye laser welded stainless tubing. | ||||||||||||||||
Maximum pressure (P) yeTP 316L pa100°F (38°C)1) | ||||||||||||||||
Ndokumbira utarise kugiredhi uye chigadzirwa chekugadzirisa zvinhu pazasi. | ||||||||||||||||
Kunze kwedhayamita, mu. | Kukora kwemadziro, mukati. | Kumanikidza kushanda2) | Kuputika kwekumanikidza2) | Kuputsika pressure4) | ||||||||||||
psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | ||||||||||||||
1/4 | 0.035 | 6,600 (46) | 22,470 (155) | 6,600 (46) | ||||||||||||
1/4 | 0.049 | 9,260 (64) | 27,400 (189) | 8,710 (60) | ||||||||||||
1/4 | 0.065 | 12,280 (85) | 34,640 (239) | 10,750 (74) | ||||||||||||
3/8 | 0.035 | 4,410 (30) | 19,160 (132) | 4,610 (32) | ||||||||||||
3/8 | 0.049 | 6,170 (43) | 21,750 (150) | 6,220 (43) | ||||||||||||
3/8 | 0.065 | 8,190 (56) | 25,260 (174) | 7,900 (54) | ||||||||||||
3/8 | 0.083 | 10,450 (72) | 30,050 (207) | 9,570 (66) | ||||||||||||
1/2 | 0.049 | 4,630 (32) | 19,460 (134) | 4,820 (33) | ||||||||||||
1/2 | 0.065 | 6,140 (42) | 21,700 (150) | 6,200 (43) | ||||||||||||
1/2 | 0.083 | 7,840 (54) | 24,600 (170) | 7,620 (53) | ||||||||||||
5/8 | 0.049 | 3,700 (26) | 18,230 (126) | 3,930 (27) | ||||||||||||
5/8 | 0.065 | 4,900 (34) | 19,860 (137) | 5,090 (35) | ||||||||||||
5/8 | 0.083 | 6,270 (43) | 26,910 (151) | 6,310 (44) | ||||||||||||
3/4 | 0.049 | 3,080 (21) | 17,470 (120) | 3,320 (23) | ||||||||||||
3/4 | 0.065 | 4,090 (28) | 18,740 (129) | 4,310 (30) | ||||||||||||
3/4 | 0.083 | 5,220 (36) | 20,310 (140) | 5,380 (37) | ||||||||||||
1) Zvinofungidzirwa chete.Kudzvinyirirwa chaiko kunofanirwa kuverengerwa tichifunga nezvese zvinoshungurudza zvinhu muhurongwa. | ||||||||||||||||
2) Kubva pakuverenga kubva kuAPI 5C3, uchishandisa kushivirira kwemadziro kwe +/- 10% | ||||||||||||||||
3) Kubva pane ekupedzisira simba rakaputika kuverenga kubva kuAPI 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
4) Kubva pane goho simba kudonha kuverenga kubva kuAPI 5C3 | ||||||||||||||||
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvekushanda zvinomanikidza miganhu1) | ||||||||||||||||
Pw = ireferensi yekushanda kudzvinyirira chiyero cheTP 316L pa100 ° F (38 ° C).Kuti uone kumanikidza kushanda kwegiredhi / tembiricha musanganiswa, wedzera Pw nekugadzirisa chinhu. | ||||||||||||||||
Giredhi | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
(38°C) | (93°C) | (149°C) | (204°C) | |||||||||||||
TP 316L, isina musono | 1 | 0.87 | 0.7 | 0.63 | ||||||||||||
TP 316L, yakasungwa | 0.85 | 0.74 | 0.6 | 0.54 | ||||||||||||
Alloy 825, isina musono | 1.33 | 1.17 | 1.1 | 1.03 | ||||||||||||
Alloy 825, yakakandwa | 1.13 | 1.99 | 1.94 | 0.88 | ||||||||||||
1) Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinoenderana nekushushikana kunobvumidzwa muASME. | ||||||||||||||||
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvekuputika kwekumanikidza miganhu1) | ||||||||||||||||
Pb = referensi kuputika kudzvinyirirwa kweTP 316L pa100°F.Kuti uone kuputika kwekumanikidza kwegiredhi / tembiricha musanganiswa, wedzera Pb nekugadzirisa chinhu. | ||||||||||||||||
Giredhi | 100°F | 200°F | 300°F | 400°F | ||||||||||||
(38°C) | (93°C) | (149°C) | (204°C) | |||||||||||||
TP 316L, isina musono | 1 | 0.93 | 0.87 | 0.8 | ||||||||||||
TP 316L, yakasungwa | 0.85 | 0.79 | 0.74 | 0.68 | ||||||||||||
Alloy 825, isina musono | 1.13 | 1.07 | 1 | 0.87 | ||||||||||||
Alloy 825, yakakandwa | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.85 | 0.74 | ||||||||||||
1) Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakavakirwa pasimba rekupedzisira muASME. |
Kemikari yakagadzirwa:
316 Stainless simbi capillary chubhu | |||||||||
Giredhi | UNS | C | Cr | Ni | Mo | Vamwe | |||
max. | |||||||||
TP 316L | S31600/ S31603 | 0.03 | 17.5 | 13 | 2.1 | 0.1 | |||
Mechanical properties | |||||||||
Giredhi | Kupa simba, | Kusimba simba, | Elongation | ||||||
psi (MPa) | psi (MPa) | % | |||||||
TP 316L | 32,000 (220) | 75,000 (515) | 35 | ||||||
Corrosion properties | |||||||||
Giredhi | UNS | PRE1) | CPT2) F (oC) | Max H2S3) | CO24) | ||||
TP 316L | S31600/S31603 | 24 | 95 (35) | Hapana muganhu | + |
▼Simbi isina simbi yakakoswa tubing / yakakoswa machubhu zvinhu giredhi:
USA | JERIMANI | JERIMANI | FURANZI | JAPANI | ITARI | SIWIDHENI | UK | EU | SPEINI | RASHIYA |
AISI | DIN 17006 | WN 17007 | AFNOR | JIS | UNI | SIS | BSI | EURONORM | ||
201 | SUS 201 | |||||||||
301 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | 1.4310 | Z 12 CN 17-07 | SUS 301 | X 12 CrNi 1707 | 23 31 | 301S21 | X 12 CrNi 17 7 | X 12 CrNi 17-07 | |
302 | X 5 CrNi 18 7 | 1.4319 | Z 10 CN 18-09 | SUS 302 | X 10 CrNi 1809 | 23 31 | 302S25 | X 10 CrNi 18 9 | X 10 CrNi 18-09 | 12KH18N9 |
303 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | 1.4305 | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 23 46 | 303S21 | X 10 CrNiS 18 9 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | |
303 Se | Z 10 CNF 18-09 | SUS 303 Se | X 10 CrNiS 1809 | 303S41 | X 10 CrNiS 18-09 | 12KH18N10E | ||||
304 | X 5 CrNi 18 10 X 5 CrNi 18 12 | 1.4301 1.4303 | Z 6 CN 18-09 | SUS 304 | X 5 CrNi 1810 | 23 32 | 304S15 304S16 | X 6 CrNi 18 10 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | 08KH18N10 06KH18N11 |
304 N | SUS 304N1 | X 5 CrNiN 1810 | ||||||||
304 H | SUS F 304H | X 8 CrNi 1910 | X 6 CrNi 19-10 | |||||||
304 L | X 2 CrNi 18 11 | 1.4306 | Z 2 CN 18-10 | SUS 304L | X 2 CrNi 1911 | 23 52 | 304S11 | X 3 CrNi 18 10 | X 2 CrNi 19-10 | 03KH18N11 |
X 2 CrNiN 18 10 | 1.4311 | Z 2 CN 18-10-Az | SUS 304LN | X 2 CrNiN 1811 | 23 71 | |||||
305 | Z 8 CN 18-12 | SUS 305 | X 8 CrNi 1812 | 23 33 | 305S19 | X 8 CrNi 18 12 | X 8 CrNi 18-12 | |||
Z 6 CNU 18-10 | SUS XM7 | X 6 KrNiCu 18 10 4 Kd | ||||||||
309 | X 15 CrNiS 20 12 | 1.4828 | Z 15 CN 24-13 | SUH 309 | X 16 CrNi 2314 | 309S24 | X 15 CrNi 23 13 | |||
309 S | SUS 309S | X 6 CrNi 2314 | X 6 CrNi 22 13 | |||||||
310 | X 12 CrNi 25 21 | 1.4845 | SUH 310 | X 22 CrNi 2520 | 310S24 | 20KH23N18 | ||||
310 S | X 12 CrNi 25 20 | 1.4842 | Z 12 CN 25-20 | SUS 310S | X 5 CrNi 2520 | 23 61 | X 6 CrNi 25 20 | 10KH23N18 | ||
314 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 1.4841 | Z 12 CNS 25-20 | X 16 CrNiSi 2520 | X 15 CrNiSi 25 20 | 20KH25N20S2 | ||||
316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | 1.4401 | Z 6 CND 17-11 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 47 | 316S31 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
316 | X 5 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | 1.4436 | Z 6 CND 17-12 | SUS 316 | X 5 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 43 | 316S33 | X 6 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | |
316 F | X 12 CrNiMoS 18 11 | 1.4427 | ||||||||
316 N | SUS 316N | |||||||||
316 H | SUS F 316H | X 8 CrNiMo 1712 | X 5 CrNiMo 17-12 | |||||||
316 H | X 8 CrNiMo 1713 | X 6 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | ||||||||
316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 17 13 2 | 1.4404 | Z 2 CND 17-12 | SUS 316L | X 2 CrNiMo 1712 | 23 48 | 316S11 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 12 2 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH17N14M2 |
X 2 CrNiMoN 17 12 2 | 1.4406 | Z 2 CND 17-12-Az | SUS 316LN | X 2 CrNiMoN 1712 | ||||||
316 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 14 3 | 1.4435 | Z 2 CND 17-13 | X 2 CrNiMo 1713 | 23 53 | 316S13 | X 3 CrNiMo 17 13 3 | X 2 CrNiMo 17-12-03 | 03KH16N15M3 | |
X 2 CrNiMoN 17 13 3 | 1.4429 | Z 2 CND 17-13-Az | X 2 CrNiMoN 1713 | 23 75 | ||||||
X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | 1.4571 | Z6 CNDT 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1712 | 23 50 | 320S31 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17 12 2 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||
X 10 CrNiMoTi 18 12 | 1.4573 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 1713 | 320S33 | X 6 CrNiMoTI 17 13 3 | X 6 CrNiMoTi 17-12-03 | 08KH17N13M2T 10KH17N13M2T | ||||
X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 1.4580 | Z 6 CNDNb 17-12 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1712 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 12 2 | 08KH16N13M2B | |||||
X 10 CrNiMoNb 18 12 | 1.4583 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 1713 | X 6 CrNiMoNb 17 13 3 | 09KH16N15M3B | ||||||
317 | SUS 317 | X 5 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 66 | 317S16 | ||||||
317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1815 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
317 L | X 2 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | 1.4438 | Z 2 CND 19-15 | SUS 317L | X 2 CrNiMo 1816 | 23 67 | 317S12 | X 3 CrNiMo 18 16 4 | ||
330 | X 12 NiCrSi 36 16 | 1.4864 | Z 12NCS 35-16 | SUH 330 | ||||||
321 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 X 12 CrNiTi 18 9 | 1.4541 1.4878 | Z 6 CNT 18-10 | SUS 321 | X 6 CrNiTi 1811 | 23 37 | 321S31 | X 6 CrNiTi 18 10 | X 6 CrNiTi 18-11 | 08KH18N10T |
321 H | SUS 321H | X 8 CrNiTi 1811 | 321S20 | X 7 CrNiTi 18-11 | 12KH18N10T | |||||
329 | X 8 CrNiMo 27 5 | 1.4460 | SUS 329J1 | 23 24 | ||||||
347 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | 1.4550 | Z 6 CNNb 18-10 | SUS 347 | X 6 CrNiNb 1811 | 23 38 | 347S31 | X 6 CrNiNb 18 10 | X 6 CrNiNb 18-11 | 08KH18N12B |
347 H | SUS F 347H | X 8 CrNiNb 1811 | X 7 CrNiNb 18-11 | |||||||
904L | 1.4939 | Z 12 CNDV 12-02 | ||||||||
X 20 CrNiSi 25 4 | 1.4821 | |||||||||
UNS31803 | X 2 CrNiMoN 22 5 | 1.4462 | ||||||||
UNS32760 | X 3 CrNiMoN 25 7 | 1.4501 | Z 3 CND 25-06Az | |||||||
403 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Kr 13 X 15 Kr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 12 C 13 | SUS 403 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 403S17 | X 10 Kr 13 X 12 Kr 13 | X 6 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 1.4002 | Z 6 CA 13 | SUS 405 | X 6 CrAl 13 | 405S17 | X 6 CrAl 13 | X 6 CrAl 13 | ||
X 10 CrAl 7 | 1.4713 | Z8 CA 7 | X 10 CrAl 7 | |||||||
X 10 CrAl 13 | 1.4724 | X 10 CrAl 12 | 10Kh13SYu | |||||||
X 10 CrAl 18 | 1.4742 | X 10 CrSiAl 18 | 15Kh18Syu | |||||||
409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 1.4512 | Z 6 CT 12 | SUH 409 | X 6 CrTi 12 | 409S19 | X 5 CrTi 12 | |||
X 2 CrTi 12 | ||||||||||
410 | X 6 Kr 13 X 10 Kr 13 X 15 Kr 13 | 1.4000 1.4006 1.4024 | Z 10 C 13 Z 12 C 13 | SUS 410 | X 12 Kr 13 | 23 02 | 410S21 | X 12 Kr 13 | X 12 Kr 13 | 12Kh13 |
410 S | X 6 Kr 13 | 1.4000 | Z 6 C 13 | SUS 410S | X 6 Kr 13 | 23 01 | 403S17 | X 6 Kr 13 | 08Kh13 | |
414 |
Quality advantage:
Hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvedu zvemutsetse wekutonga muoiri uye gasi chikamu chinovimbiswa kwete chete panguva inodzorwa yekugadzira maitiro asiwo nenzira yekupedzisa chigadzirwa kuyedzwa.Miedzo yakajairika inosanganisira:
1.Miedzo isiri-inoparadza
2. Hydrostatic miedzo
3.Surface finish controls
4. Dimensional accuracy measurements
5.Flare uye coning miedzo
6. Mechanical uye makemikari pfuma yekuongorora
Kushandisa caillary tube
1) Medical mudziyo indasitiri
2) tembiricha-inotungamirwa tembiricha kudzora tembiricha, masensa anoshandiswa pombi, chubhu thermometer
3) Peni yekuchengetedza indasitiri yepakati chubhu
4) micro-tube antenna, marudzi akasiyana-siyana ediki antenna yesimbi isina tsvina
5) Nemhando dzakasiyana dzemagetsi madiki-diameter Stainless simbi capillary
6) Zvishongo zvetsono punch
7) Wachi, mufananidzo
8) Mota antenna chubhu, bar antennas uchishandisa machubhu, antenna chubhu
9) Laser nokuveza midziyo kushandisa Stainless simbi chubhu
10) Magiya ekuredza, zvishongedzo, Yugan kunze aine
11) Kudya nesimbi isina tsvina capillary
12) ese marudzi ese mbozha stylus chinyoreso chekombuta
13) Kupisa pombi indasitiri, indasitiri yemafuta
14) Printers, silent bhokisi tsono
15) Dhonza kaviri-yakanyunguduka simbi isina tsvina chubhu inoshandiswa muhwindo-yakabatana
16) Yakasiyana maindasitiri madiki dhayamita Precision Stainless simbi machubhu
17) Precision kugovera nesimbi isina simbi tsono
18) Maikorofoni, mahedhifoni uye maikorofoni kushandisa stainless simbi chubhu, zvichingodaro