Chiratidzo chaAnish Kapoor cheCloud Gate chivezwa muChicago's Millennium Park ndechekuti chakafanana nemekiyuri yemvura, inonyatso kuratidza guta rakatenderedza.Kuwana kuzara uku ibasa rerudo.
“Zvandaida kuita muMillennium Park kwaiva kusanganisira denga reChicago … kuitira kuti vanhu vaone makore achiyangarara mariri uye zvivakwa zvirefu izvi zvairatidzwa mubasa.Uye zvino, sezvo iri muchimiro chegonhi, mutori wechikamu, muoni, achakwanisa kupinda mukamuri iyi yakadzika kwazvo, iyo neimwe nzira inoita chinhu chimwe chete nekuratidzwa kwemunhu, sekuonekwa kwebasa kunoitwa nekuratidzwa kweguta rakapoteredza.- Mutambi weBritish ane mukurumbira pasi rose.Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate muvezi
Tichitarisa kune yakadzikama pamusoro peichi monumental stainless simbi chivezwa, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti yakawanda sei simbi uye ushingi hunovanda pasi pepamusoro payo.Cloud Gate inovanza nyaya dzevanopfuura zana vanogadzira simbi, vanocheka, vanowedha, vanogadzira, mainjiniya, matekinoroji, vanogadzira simbi, vanoisa uye maneja - mumakore mashanu ese.
Vakawanda vanoshanda maawa akawanda, vanoshanda mumashopu pakati peusiku, vanodzika musasa panzvimbo yekuvaka uye vanoshanda mu 110-degree tembiricha mune yakazara Tyvek® sutu uye hafu-masiki.Vamwe vanoshanda vachirwisana negiravhiti, kurembera pamatambo, kubata maturusi, uye kushanda pamateru anotsvedza.Zvose zvinoenda zvishoma (uye kure kure) kuita kuti zvisingagoneki zviitike.
Kuvandudza muvezi Anish Kapoor pfungwa yemakore anoyangarara kuita 110-ton, 66-foot-refu, 33-foot-tall stainless stainless sculpture rakanga riri basa rePerformance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, California, neMTH.Villa Park, Illinois.Pakupemberera kwayo 120th, MTH ndeimwe yekare simbi uye magirazi makondirakiti munzvimbo yeChicago.
Zvinodiwa pakuitwa kweprojekiti zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita, hungwaru, hunyanzvi hwemuchina uye ruzivo rwekugadzira zvemakambani ese ari maviri.Iwo anogadzirwa netsika uye kunyange akavakwa michina yepurojekiti.
Mamwe ematambudziko epurojekiti anobva pachimiro chayo chakakombama zvinoshamisa - doti kana guvhu rakatarisana - uye mamwe kubva pakukura kwayo.Zvivezwa zvakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana zviuru zvemamaira zvakaparadzana, zvichiita kuti pave nezvinetso zvekufambisa uye zvitaera zvebasa.Mazhinji maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa mumunda akaoma kuita pasi pechitoro, ndoda mumunda.Dambudziko guru rinomuka nekuda kwekuti chimiro chakadaro hachina kumbogadzirwa kare.Saka, hapana chinongedzo, hapana chirongwa, hapana mugwagwa.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka hull, kutanga mungarava uye gare gare mune mamwe mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi, uye anokwanisa kuita mabasa akasiyana ekuvaka hull.Anish Kapoor akakumbira mudzidzi weFizikisi neArt kuti ape modhi diki.
“Saka ndakagadzira 2m x 3m sample, yakanyatso curved polished piece, akati ‘Haa wazviita, ndiwe wega wazviita’ nekuti ava nemakore maviri achitsvaga kuti awane anozviita."Silva akadaro.
Urongwa hwepakutanga hwakanga huri hwekuti PSI igadzire uye ivake chivezwa chacho chose uye yozotumira chidimbu chose kumaodzanyemba kwePacific, kuburikidza nePanama Canal, kuchamhembe pedyo neAlantic Ocean uye pamwe chete neSt. Lawrence Seaway kuchiteshi cheLake Michigan., maererano naEdward Ulir, mukuru mukuru weMillennium Park Inc. Maererano neshoko racho, imwe nzira yakanyatsogadzirwa inotakura ichaendesa kuMillennium Park.Zvinetso zvenguva uye kushanda zvakamanikidza zvirongwa izvi kuchinja.Saka, mapaneru akakomberedzwa aifanira kuchengetedzwa kuti atakurwe uye atakurwe nerori kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yakaunganidza substructure uye superstructure, uye yakabatanidza mapaneru kune superstructure.
Kupedza uye kupukuta Cloud Gate welds kuti ivape seamless kutaridzika yaive imwe yeakanyanya kuoma maficha ekuisa uye kusangana panzvimbo.Iyo 12-nhanho nzira inopedzwa nekushandiswa kweblush inopenya, yakafanana nejewelry polish.
"Chaizvoizvo, takashanda pabasa iri kweanenge makore matatu tichigadzira zvikamu izvi," akadaro Silva.“Iri ibasa rakaoma.Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti uone kuti ungazviita sei uye nekugadzirisa iwo mameseji;munoziva, kungosvitsa pakukwana.Mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji yekombuta uye yakanaka yekare simbi inobatanidza forging uye aerospace tekinoroji..”
Maererano naye, zvakaoma kuita chimwe chinhu chakakura uye chinorema nehupamhi hwepamusoro.Maslabs makuru akaenzana nemamita manomwe paupamhi uye 11 tsoka kureba uye airema 1,500 pounds.
"Kuita basa rose reCAD uye kugadzira mifananidzo yezvitoro yebasa ibasa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva.“Tinoshandisa hunyanzvi hwemakombiyuta kuyera marata nekuongorora nemaumbirwo awo nemakubhitika kwawo kuti aenderane nemazvo.
"Takaita komputa simulation tichibva tapatsanura," akadaro Silva."Ini ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu mukuvaka magomba uye ndaive nemamwe mazano ekuti ndingapatsanura sei maumbirwo kuitira kuti mitsetse yemusono ishande kuitira kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro."
Mamwe mahwendefa ane sikweya, mamwe akaita sepai.Kana vari pedyo neshanduko yakapinza, ivo vanonyanya kuumbwa-pai uye yakakura radius yekuchinja kweradial.Muchikamu chepamusoro ivo vari flatter uye makuru.
Iyo plasma inocheka 1/4 kusvika 3/8-inch gobvu 316L simbi isina tsvina, Silva anodaro, iyo yakasimba zvakakwana pachayo.“Chinetso chaicho ndechekupa ma slabs makuru kukombama chaiko.Izvi zvinoitwa nekunyatso kuumbwa uye kugadzirwa kwechimiro chembabvu system kune yega yega slab.Nenzira iyi, tinogona kunyatsoona chimiro che slab yega yega. "
Mapuranga akakungurutswa pa 3D rollers iyo PSI yakagadzira uye inogadzirwa zvakananga kukungurusa mapuranga aya (ona fig. 1).“Zvakafanana nemwana wamai veBritish rollers.Tinoakungurutsa tichishandisa hunyanzvi hwemapapiro,” akadaro Silva.Bend imwe neimwe pani nekuifambisa kumashure nekumberi pama rollers, kugadzirisa kudzvanywa pama rollers kusvika mapaneru ari mukati me 0.01 ″ yehukuru hunodiwa.Maererano naye, iyo inodiwa yakakwirira chaiyo inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba mapepa zvakanaka.
Welder anobva apinza flux-cored waya kune chimiro chemukati ribbed system."Sekuona kwangu, flux-cored waya inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekugadzira simbi isina tsvina," anotsanangura kudaro Silva."Izvi zvinokupa mawelds emhando yepamusoro akatarisana nekugadzira uye kutaridzika kwakanaka."
Mabhodhi ese anoiswa jecha nemaoko uye anogayiwa pamushini kuti acheke kusvika pachuru chema inch kuti akwane pamwe chete (ona fig. 2).Simbisa zviyero zvine kuyera kwakaringana uye laser scanning michina.Pakupedzisira, ndiro yacho inonatswa kusvika pagirazi kupera uye yakafukidzwa nefirimu inodzivirira.
Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapuranga, pamwe chete nechigadziko uye chimiro chemukati, zvakaunganidzwa mumusangano wekuedzwa zvisati zvatumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona nhamba 3 uye 4).Akaronga maitirwo emapuranga uye musono wakasonwa mapuranga akati wandei kuti aasanganise pamwechete."Saka patakaiisa pamwechete muChicago, takaziva kuti yaizokwana," akadaro Silva.
Tembiricha, nguva uye kudedera kwetrolley zvinogona kukonzera kuti pepa rakapetwa risununguke.Iyo ribbed grating yakagadzirirwa kwete kungowedzera kuoma kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Naizvozvo, kana mesh yekusimbisa iri mukati, ndiro inobatwa nekupisa uye yakatonhodzwa kuti ibvise kushushikana kwezvinhu.Kuenderera mberi kudzivirira kukanganisa mukufambisa, ma cradle anogadzirwa dishi rega rega uye obva aiswa mumidziyo, angangoita mana panguva.
Midziyo yacho yakabva yaremerwa zvigadzirwa zvehafu-yakapera, ingangoita mana panguva, uye yakatumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vaise nevashandi veMTH.Mumwe wavo ndiye logistician anoronga zvekufambisa, uye mumwe wacho mutariri munzvimbo yehunyanzvi.Anoshanda zuva nezuva nevashandi veMTH uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa."Chokwadi, akanga ari chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kweMutungamiriri weMTH Lyle Hill, MTH Industries pakutanga yakapihwa basa rekumisa chivezwa cheethereal pasi uye nekuisa iyo superstructure, ndokuzoisa mapepa kwairi nejecha rekupedzisira uye kupukuta.kuenzanisa pakati pehunyanzvi uye kuita, dzidziso uye chokwadi, inoda nguva uye yakarongwa nguva.
Lou Czerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weMTH weinjiniya uye maneja weprojekiti, akati aifarira kusarudzika kweprojekiti."Sekuziva kwedu, zvinhu zviri kuitika pachirongwa ichi chisina kumboitwa kana kumbofungwa nezvake," akadaro Cerny.
Asi kushanda pane yekutanga-ye-yayo-mhando basa kunoda kuchinjika pa-saiti huchenjeri hwekugadzirisa matambudziko asingatarisirwe uye kupindura mibvunzo inomuka munzira:
Iwe unosungirira sei 128 mota-yakakura-stainless simbi mapaneru kune isingaperi superstructure uchipfeka magirovhosi evana?Kusonera bhinzi hombe yakaita seuta usingavimbi nayo?Ndingapinza sei weld ndisingakwanise kupinza kubva mukati?Nzira yekuwana sei yakakwana girazi kupera kwesimbi isina tsvina welds mumunda?Chii chinoitika kana mheni ikamurova?
Czerny akati chiratidzo chekutanga chekuti ichi chichava chirongwa chakaomarara pakatanga kuvaka nekuiswa kwe30,000-pound michina.Chimiro chesimbi chinotsigira chivezwa.
Kunyange zvazvo iyo yakakwirira-zinc structural simbi yakapiwa nePSI kuti iunganidze hwaro hwechigadziro chakanga chiri nyore kugadzira, chikuva chechikamu chacho chaiva hafu pamusoro peresitorendi uye hafu pamusoro pepaki yemotokari, imwe neimwe pahupamhi hwakasiyana.
"Saka chigadziko chakaita cantilevered uye chinodedera," akadaro Czerny."Patakaisa simbi iyi yakawanda, kusanganisira pakutanga kweslab pachayo, takatozomanikidza crane kupinda mugomba remamita mashanu."
Czerny vakati vakashandisa yakaomesesa anchoring sisitimu, kusanganisira yekumisikidza pre-tensioning system yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa mumigodhi yemarasha uye mamwe makemikari anchor.Kamwe chigadziko chechimiro chesimbi chakasungirirwa mukongiri, superstructure inofanira kuvakwa iyo iyo shell ichabatanidzwa.
"Takatanga kuisa truss system tichishandisa maviri makuru akagadzirwa 304 simbi isina tsvina O-mhete - imwe kumucheto wekuchamhembe kwechimiro uye imwe kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba," anodaro Czerny (ona Mufananidzo 3).Mhete dzakasungirirwa ne intersecting tubular trusses.Iyo mhete yepakati subframe yakakamurwa uye yakasungwa panzvimbo uchishandisa GMAW, bar welding uye welded stiffeners.
“Saka kune chimiro chikuru chepamusoro chisina munhu akamboona;ndezvemugadziriso chete," akadaro Czerny.
Kunyangwe nekuedza kwakanyanya mukugadzira, huinjiniya, kugadzira nekuisa zvese zvinodikanwa zvepurojekiti yeAuckland, chivezwa ichi hachina kumboitika uye nzira nyowani dzinogara dzichiperekedzwa nemaburrs uye makwara.Saizvozvo, kuenzanisa pfungwa yekugadzira yekambani kune imwe hazvisi nyore sekupfuudza baton.Pamusoro pezvo, chinhambwe chemuviri pakati pemasaiti chakakonzera kunonoka kwekutumira, izvo zvakaita kuti zvive zvine musoro kugadzira kumwe kugadzira kwemuno.
"Ipo maitirwo egungano nemagetsi akarongwa muAuckland nguva isati yasvika, mamiriro chaiwo epasaiti aida kuti munhu wese ave nekugadzira," akadaro Silva."Uye vashandi vemubatanidzwa vakanaka chaizvo."
Kwemwedzi mishoma yekutanga, maitiro ezuva nezuva eMTH aive ekuona kuti basa rezuva rinosanganisirei uye nzira yakanakisisa yekugadzira zvimwe zvezvikamu zvegungano, pamwe chete nemamwe ma struts, "shock", maoko, mapini, uye mapini.Er akati pogo tsvimbo dzaidiwa kugadzira yenguva pfupi siding system.
“Inoenderera mberi dhizaini nekugadzira zvinhu kuti zvinhu zvifambe uye kuti zvisvike kumunda nekukurumidza.Tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichironga zvatinazvo, pane dzimwe nguva tichigadzira patsva nekugadzirisa, tobva tagadzira zvikamu zvatinoda.
"Chaizvoizvo neChipiri tichave nezvinhu gumi zvatinofanira kuendesa kunzvimbo neChitatu," Hill akadaro."Tine basa rakawanda reovhataimu uye basa rakawanda muchitoro rinoitwa pakati pehusiku."
"Inenge 75 muzana yezvikamu zvekumira padivi zvinogadzirwa kana kuchinjwa mumunda," akadaro Czerny.“Kakati wandei takapedza maawa 24 pazuva.Ndakanga ndiri kuchitoro kusvika 2, 3am, uye 5:30 ndakadzokera kumba kunogeza uye kuenda kunobika, ichiri nyoro..”
Iyo MTN yenguva pfupi yekumisa system yekuunganidza iyo hull ine zvitubu, struts uye tambo.Zvose zvakabatanidzwa pakati pemahwendefa zvakasungirirwa kwenguva pfupi nemabhoti."Saka chimiro chese chakabatana nemagetsi, chakamiswa kubva mukati pa304 trusses," akadaro Czerny.
Vanotanga kubva padome pazasi kweomgala chivezwa - "guvhu reguvhu".Dome yakamiswa kubva pamatrusses vachishandisa yechinguvana mana-point suspension spring support system, inosanganisira hangers, tambo uye zvitubu.Czerny akati chitubu chinopa "bounce" sezvo mamwe mabhodhi anowedzerwa.Zvitubu zvinozogadziriswa zvichienderana nehuremu hwakawedzerwa nendiro imwe neimwe kuti ienzanise chivezwa chose.
Imwe neimwe yemabhodhi 168 ine yayo mana-mapoinzi echirimo suspension support system saka inotsigirwa yega panzvimbo."Pfungwa iyi haisi yekunyanya kuongorora chero majoini nekuti iwo majoini akaiswa pamwechete kuti awane kuzorora kwe0/0," akadaro Cerny."Kana bhodhi ikarova bhodhi pazasi inogona kutungamira mukurwiswa uye mamwe matambudziko."
Sechipupuriro chechokwadi chePSI, chivakwa chacho chakanaka kwazvo nekutamba kushoma."PSI yakaita basa rakanaka nemapanera," anodaro Czerny.“Ndinovapa mbiri nekuti, pakupedzisira, anokwana.Kukwana kwacho kwakanaka chaizvo uye kwakandinakira.Tiri kutaura chaizvo pamusoro pezviuru zvema inch..”
"Pavanopedza kugadzira, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti vapedza," Silva akadaro, kwete chete nekuti masoneso akamanikana, asi nekuti zvikamu zvakaunganidzwa zvizere, nemandiro azvo ekupedzisa girazi akakwenenzverwa, zvakatanga kutamba, zvichiratidza nharaunda yake..Asi butt seams anoonekwa, liquid mercury haina seams.Pamusoro pezvo, chivezwa chaifanira kunge chakasungwa zvizere kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwayo kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera, akadaro Silva.
Kupedzwa kweGedhi reMafu kwaifanira kunonotswa panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki mukupera kwa2004, saka omhalus akave GTAW mhenyu, uye izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
"Unogona kuona madiki madiki madiki akatenderedza chimiro, ayo ari TIG solder majoini," Czerny akadaro."Takatanga kudzoreredza matende muna Ndira."
"Dambudziko guru rakatevera rekugadzira chirongwa ichi raive rekuisa musono pasina kurasikirwa nekurongeka nekuda kwekuderera kwewelding," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kwaCzerny, plasma welding inopa simba rinodiwa uye kusimba nengozi shoma kune pepa.Musanganiswa we98% argon uye 2% helium ndiyo yakanakisisa pakuderedza kusvibiswa nekuvandudza fusion.
Welders vanoshandisa keyhole plasma welding matekiniki vachishandisa Thermal Arc® magetsi masosi uye yakakosha tirakita uye torch magungano akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nePSI.