Chiratidzo chaAnish Kapoor cheCloud Gate chivezwa muChicago's Millennium Park ndechekuti chakafanana nemekiyuri yemvura, inonyatso kuratidza guta rakatenderedza.Kuwana kuzara uku ibasa rerudo.
“Zvandaida kuita neMillennium Park kwaiva kusanganisira denga reChicago… kuitira kuti vanhu vaone makore achiyangarara mariri uye zvivakwa zvirefu izvi zvairatidzwa mubasa., mutori wechikamu, muoni achakwanisa kupinda mukamuri iri rakadzika zvikuru, iro nenzira yakati rinozviratidzira rimene nenzira imwe cheteyo iyo chitarisiko chebasa chinoshanda paratidzirwo yeguta rakapoteredza,” muimbi weBritain ane mukurumbira wenyika yose.Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate muvezi
Tichitarisa kune yakadzikama pamusoro peichi monumental stainless simbi chivezwa, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti yakawanda sei simbi uye ushingi hunovanda pasi pepamusoro payo.Cloud Gate inovanza nyaya dzeanopfuura zana masimbi ekugadzira simbi, kucheka, mawelders, trimmers, mainjiniya, matekinoroji, mafitters, mafitter uye maneja - anopfuura makore mashanu mukugadzira.
Vakawanda vakashanda maawa akawanda, vakashanda mumashopu pakati peusiku, vakadzika matende panzvimbo yekuvaka uye vakashanda zvakaoma mu110-degree tembiricha mune yakazara Tyvek® sutu uye hafu-masiki.Vamwe vanoshanda vachirwisana negiravhiti, kurembera pamatambo, kubata maturusi, uye kushanda pamateru anotsvedza.Zvose zvinoenda zvishoma (uye kure kure) kuita kuti zvisingagoneki zviitike.
Muvezi Anish Kapoor's concept yegore rinoyangarara richiita 110-tonne, 66-foot-refu, 33-foot-high stainless sculpture raive basa rePerformance Structures Inc., femu inogadzira.(PSI), Oakland, California, uye MTH, Villa.Park, Illinois.Pakupemberera kwayo 120th, MTH ndeimwe yekare simbi uye magirazi makondirakiti munzvimbo yeChicago.
Zvinodiwa pakuitwa kweprojekiti zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita, hungwaru, hunyanzvi hwemuchina uye ruzivo rwekugadzira zvemakambani ese ari maviri.Iwo anogadzirwa netsika uye kunyange akavakwa michina yepurojekiti.
Mamwe ematambudziko epurojekiti anobva pachimiro chayo chakakombama zvinoshamisa - doti kana guvhu rakatarisana - uye mamwe kubva pakukura kwayo.Zvivezwa zvakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana zviuru zvemamaira zvakaparadzana, zvichiita kuti pave nezvinetso zvekufambisa uye zvitaera zvebasa.Mazhinji maitiro anofanirwa kuitwa mumunda akaoma kuita pasi pechitoro, ndoda mumunda.Dambudziko guru rinomuka nekuda kwekuti chimiro chakadaro hachina kumbogadzirwa kare.Saka, hapana chinongedzo, hapana chirongwa, hapana mugwagwa.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka hull, kutanga mungarava uye gare gare mune mamwe mapurojekiti ehunyanzvi, uye anokwanisa kuita mabasa akasiyana ekuvaka hull.Anish Kapoor akakumbira vakapedza zvidzidzo zvefizikisi nehunyanzvi kuti vape modhi diki.
Saka ndakagadzira 2 x 3 metres muenzaniso, chidimbu chakakwenenzverwa chakakwenenzverwa, uye akati, 'Aa, wazviita, ndiwe wega wazviita,' nekuti ave nemakore maviri achitsvaga.Tsvaga munhu achaita,” akadaro Silva.
Urongwa hwepakutanga hwaive hwekuti PSI igadzire uye ivake chivezwa chose uye yozotumira chidimbu chose kumaodzanyemba kwePacific Ocean kuburikidza nePanama Canal uye kuchamhembe uchitevedza Atlantic Ocean uye St. Lawrence Seaway kuchiteshi cheLake Michigan.Edward Ulir, CEO weMillennium Park Inc. Maererano neshoko racho, imwe nzira yakagadziridzwa yekufambisa ichamuendesa kuMillennium Park.Zvinetso zvenguva uye kushanda zvakamanikidza zvirongwa izvi kuchinja.Saka, mapaneru akakomberedzwa aifanira kuchengetedzwa kuti atakurwe uye atakurwe nerori kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yakaunganidza substructure uye superstructure, uye yakabatanidza mapaneru kune superstructure.
Kupedza uye kupukuta Cloud Gate welds kuti ivape seamless kutaridzika yaive imwe yeakanyanya kuoma maficha ekuisa uye kusangana panzvimbo.Iyo 12-nhanho nzira inopedzwa nekushandiswa kweblush inopenya, yakafanana nejewelry polish.
"Chaizvoizvo, takashanda pabasa iri kweanenge makore matatu tichigadzira zvikamu izvi," akadaro Silva.“Iri ibasa rakaoma.Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kuti uone kuti ungazviita sei uye nekugadzirisa iwo mameseji;munoziva, kungosvitsa pakukwana.Mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji yekombuta uye yakanaka yekare simbi inobatanidza forging uye aerospace tekinoroji..”
Akataura kuti zvakaoma kuita chinhu chakakura kudaro uye chinorema nemazvo.Maslabs makuru akaenzana nemamita manomwe paupamhi uye 11 tsoka kureba uye airema 1,500 pounds.
"Kuita basa rose reCAD uye kugadzira mifananidzo yezvitoro yebasa ibasa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva.“Tinoshandisa hunyanzvi hwemakombiyuta kuyera marata nekuongorora nemaumbirwo awo nemakubhitika kwawo kuti aenderane nemazvo.
"Takaita komputa simulation tichibva tapatsanura," akadaro Silva."Ini ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu mukuvaka magomba uye ndaive nemamwe mazano ekuti ndingapatsanura sei maumbirwo kuitira kuti mitsetse yemusono ishande kuitira kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro."
Mamwe mahwendefa ane sikweya, mamwe akaita sepai.Kana vari pedyo neshanduko yakapinza, ivo vanonyanya kuumbwa-pai uye yakakura radius yekuchinja kweradial.Muchikamu chepamusoro ivo vari flatter uye makuru.
Iyo plasma inocheka 1/4 kusvika 3/8-inch gobvu 316L simbi isina tsvina, Silva anodaro, iyo yakasimba zvakakwana pachayo.“Chinetso chaicho ndechekupa ma slabs makuru kukombama chaiko.Izvi zvinoitwa nekunyatso kuumbwa uye kugadzirwa kwechimiro chembabvu system kune yega yega slab.Nenzira iyi, tinogona kunyatsoona chimiro che slab yega yega. "
Mapuranga akakungurutswa pa 3D rollers iyo PSI yakagadzira uye inogadzirwa zvakananga kukungurusa mapuranga aya (ona fig. 1).“Zvakafanana nemwana wamai veBritish rollers.Tinoakungurutsa tichishandisa hunyanzvi hwemapapiro,” akadaro Silva.Bend imwe neimwe pani nekuifambisa kumashure nekumberi pama rollers, kugadzirisa kudzvanywa pama rollers kusvika mapaneru ari mukati me 0.01 ″ yehukuru hunodiwa.Maererano naye, iyo inodiwa yakakwirira chaiyo inoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba mapepa zvakanaka.
Welder anobva apinza flux-cored waya kune chimiro chemukati ribbed system."Sekuona kwangu, flux-cored waya inzira yakanaka kwazvo yekugadzira simbi isina tsvina," anotsanangura kudaro Silva."Izvi zvinokupa mawelds emhando yepamusoro akatarisana nekugadzira uye kutaridzika kwakanaka."
Mabhodhi ese anoiswa jecha nemaoko uye anogayiwa pamushini kuti acheke kusvika kune churu chema inch kuti akwane mumwe nemumwe (ona fig. 2).Simbisa zviyero zvine kuyera kwakaringana uye laser scanning michina.Pakupedzisira, ndiro yacho inonatswa kusvika pagirazi kupera uye yakafukidzwa nefirimu inodzivirira.
Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapuranga, pamwe chete nechigadziko uye chimiro chemukati, zvakaunganidzwa mumusangano wekuedzwa zvisati zvatumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona nhamba 3 uye 4).Akaronga maitirwo emapuranga uye musono wakasonwa mapuranga akati wandei kuti aasanganise pamwechete."Saka patakaiisa pamwechete muChicago, takaziva kuti yaizokwana," akadaro Silva.
Tembiricha, nguva uye kudedera kwetrolley zvinogona kukonzera kuti pepa rakapetwa risununguke.Iyo ribbed grating yakagadzirirwa kwete kungowedzera kuoma kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Naizvozvo, kana mesh yekusimbisa iri mukati, ndiro inobatwa nekupisa uye yakatonhodzwa kuti ibvise kushushikana kwezvinhu.Kuenderera mberi kudzivirira kukanganisa mukufambisa, ma cradle anogadzirwa dishi rega rega uye obva aiswa mumidziyo, angangoita mana panguva.
Midziyo yacho yakabva yaremerwa zvigadzirwa zvehafu-yakapera, ingangoita mana panguva, uye yakatumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vaise nevashandi veMTH.Mumwe wavo ndiye logistician anoronga zvekufambisa, uye mumwe wacho mutariri munzvimbo yehunyanzvi.Anoshanda zuva nezuva nevashandi veMTH uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa."Chokwadi, akanga ari chikamu chakakosha chekugadzirisa," akadaro Silva.
Lyle Hill, Mutungamiriri weMTH, akataura kuti MTH Industries yakambopihwa basa rekumisikidza chivezwa cheethereal pasi uye nekuisa iyo superstructure, ndokuzoisa mapepa kwairi uye kuita jecha rekupedzisira nekupukuta, neruremekedzo rwePSI Technical Management.chivezwa chinoreva kuenzanisa pakati pehunyanzvi uye kuita, dzidziso uye chokwadi, inodiwa nguva uye yakarongwa nguva.
Lou Czerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weMTH weinjiniya uye maneja weprojekiti, akati aifarira kusarudzika kweprojekiti."Sekuziva kwedu, zvinhu zviri kuitika pachirongwa ichi chisina kumboitwa kana kumbofungwa nezvake," akadaro Cerny.
Asi kushanda pane yekutanga-ye-yayo-mhando basa kunoda kuchinjika pa-saiti huchenjeri hwekugadzirisa matambudziko asingatarisirwe uye kupindura mibvunzo inomuka munzira:
Iwe unosungirira sei 128 mota-yakakura-stainless simbi mapaneru kune isingaperi superstructure uchipfeka magirovhosi evana?Nzira yekutengesa sei bhinzi huru yakaita searc pasina kuvimba nayo?Ndingapinza sei weld ndisingakwanise kupinza kubva mukati?Nzira yekuwana sei yakakwana girazi kupera kwesimbi isina tsvina welds mumunda?Chii chinoitika kana mheni ikamurova?
Czerny akati chinhu chekutanga chinoratidza kuti ichi chaizova chirongwa chakaoma zvikuru pakatanga kuvakwa uye kuiswa kwemichina inorema makirogiramu 30 000.Chimiro chesimbi chinotsigira chivezwa.
Kunyange zvazvo yakakwirira-zinc structural simbi yakapiwa nePSI kuti iunganidze hwaro hwechigadziro chakanga chiri nyore kugadzira, chikuva chechikamu chacho chakanga chiri hafu pamusoro peresitorendi uye hafu pamusoro pepaki yemotokari, imwe neimwe pahupamhi hwakasiyana.
"Saka chigadziko chakaita cantilevered uye chinodedera," akadaro Czerny."Patakaisa simbi iyi yakawanda, kusanganisira pakutanga kweslab pachayo, takatozomanikidza crane kupinda mugomba remamita mashanu."
Czerny akati vakashandisa yakaomesesa anchoring sisitimu, kusanganisira yekumisikidza pre-tensioning system yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa mumigodhi yemarasha uye mamwe ma anchor emakemikari.Kamwe chigadziko chechimiro chesimbi chakasungirirwa mukongiri, superstructure inofanira kuvakwa iyo iyo shell ichabatanidzwa.
"Takatanga kuisa truss system tichishandisa maviri makuru akagadzirwa 304-stainless steel o-rings-imwe kumucheto wekuchamhembe kwechigadziro uye imwe nechekumaodzanyemba," anodaro Czerny (ona Mufananidzo 3).Mhete dzakasungirirwa ne intersecting tubular trusses.Iyo ring core subframe yakakamurwa uye yakabhauswa panzvimbo uchishandisa GMAW, rod welding uye welded stiffeners.
“Saka kune chimiro chikuru chepamusoro chisina munhu akamboona;ndezvemugadziriso chete," akadaro Czerny.
Kunyangwe nekuedza kwakanakisa kugadzira, injinjini, kugadzira uye kuisa zvese zvinodikanwa zvepurojekiti yeAuckland, chivezwa ichi hachina kumboitika uye nzira nyowani dzinogara dzichiperekedzwa nemaburrs uye makwara.Saizvozvo, kuenzanisa pfungwa yekugadzira yekambani kune imwe hazvisi nyore sekupfuudza baton.Pamusoro pezvo, chinhambwe chemuviri pakati pesaiti chakakonzera kunonoka kuburitsa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvine musoro kugadzira panzvimbo.
"Ipo maitirwo egungano nemagetsi akarongwa muAuckland nguva isati yasvika, mamiriro chaiwo epasaiti aida kuti munhu wese ave nekugadzira," akadaro Silva."Uye vashandi vemubatanidzwa vakanaka chaizvo."
Kwemwedzi mishoma yekutanga, maitiro ezuva nezuva eMTH aive ekuona kuti basa rezuva rinosanganisirei uye nzira yekugadzira zvakanyanya zvimwe zvezvikamu zvegungano, pamwe nemamwe ma struts, "shock", maoko, mapini, uye mapini.Er akati pogo tsvimbo dzaidiwa kugadzira yenguva pfupi siding system.
“Inoenderera mberi dhizaini nekugadzira zvinhu kuti zvinhu zvifambe uye kuti zvisvike kumunda nekukurumidza.Tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichironga zvatinazvo, dzimwe nguva tichigadzira patsva nekugadzirisa, tobva tagadzira zvikamu zvatinoda.
"Chaizvoizvo neChipiri tichave nezvinhu gumi zvatinofanira kuendesa kunzvimbo neChitatu," Hill akadaro."Tine basa rakawanda reovhataimu uye basa rakawanda muchitoro rinoitwa pakati pehusiku."
"Inenge 75 muzana yezvikamu zvekumira padivi zvinogadzirwa kana kuchinjwa mumunda," akadaro Czerny.“Kakati wandei takapedza maawa 24 pazuva.Ndakanga ndiri muchitoro kusvika 2, 3 am ndokuenda kumba kunogeza, ndakatora na5:30 ndichiri kunyorova..”
Iyo MTN yenguva pfupi yekumisa system yekuunganidza iyo hull ine zvitubu, struts uye tambo.Majoini ese ari pakati pemahwendefa akasungwa kwenguva pfupi pamwechete."Saka chimiro chese chakabatana nemagetsi, chakamiswa kubva mukati pa304 trusses," akadaro Czerny.
Vanotanga kubva padome pazasi kweomgala chivezwa - "guvhu reguvhu".Dome yakamiswa kubva pamatrusses vachishandisa yechinguvana mana-point suspension spring support system, inosanganisira hangers, tambo uye zvitubu.Czerny akati chitubu chinopa "bounce" sezvo mamwe mabhodhi anowedzerwa.Zvitubu zvinozogadziriswa zvichienderana nehuremu hwakawedzerwa nendiro imwe neimwe kuti ienzanise chivezwa chose.
Imwe neimwe yemabhodhi 168 ine yayo mana-mapoinzi echirimo suspension support system saka inotsigirwa yega panzvimbo."Pfungwa iyi haisi yekunyanya kuongorora chero majoini nekuti iwo majoini akaiswa pamwechete kuti awane 0/0 gap," akadaro Cerny."Kana bhodhi ikarova bhodhi pazasi inogona kutungamira mukurwiswa uye mamwe matambudziko."
Sechipupuriro chechokwadi chePSI, gungano rakanaka kwazvo nekutamba kushoma."PSI yaita basa rakanaka rekugadzira mapaneru," anodaro Czerny.“Ndinovapa mbiri nekuti, pakupedzisira, anokwana.Midziyo yacho yakanaka chaizvo, izvo kwandiri zvinongonaka.Tiri kutaura chaizvo pamusoro pezviuru zvema inch.Iyo ndiro yakaungana ine yakavharwa.”
"Kana vapedza kugadzira, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti zvaitwa," Silva akadaro, kwete chete nekuti masono akaomerwa, asi nekuti zvikamu zvakaunganidzwa zvizere uye magirazi akakwenenzverwa anotanga kushanda kuratidza nharaunda yake.Asi butt seams anoonekwa, liquid mercury haina seams.Pamusoro pezvo, chivezwa chaifanira kunge chakasungwa zvizere kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwayo kwezvizvarwa zvinotevera, akadaro Silva.
Kupedzwa kweGedhi reMafu kwaifanira kunonotswa panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki mukupera kwa2004, saka omhalus akave GTAW mhenyu, uye izvi zvakaenderera mberi kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
"Unogona kuona madiki madiki madiki akatenderedza chimiro, ayo ari TIG solder majoini," Czerny akadaro."Takatanga kudzoreredza matende muna Ndira."
"Dambudziko guru rakatevera rekugadzira chirongwa ichi raive rekuisa musono pasina kurasikirwa nekurongeka nekuda kwekuderera kwewelding," akadaro Silva.
Sekureva kwaCzerny, plasma welding inopa simba rinodiwa uye kusimba nengozi shoma kune pepa.Musanganiswa we98% argon uye 2% helium ndiyo yakanakisisa pakuderedza kusvibiswa nekuvandudza fusion.
Welders vanoshandisa keyhole plasma welding matekiniki vachishandisa Thermal Arc® magetsi masosi uye yakakosha tirakita uye torch magungano akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nePSI.