Chiono chaAnish Kapoor chechivezwa cheCloud Gate muChicago cheMillennium Park ndechekuti chakafanana nemekiyuri yemvura, ichiratidza zvisina musono guta rakatenderedza.Kuwana kusagadzikana uku ibasa rerudo.
“Zvandaida kuita muMillennium Park kwaive kugadzira chimwe chinhu chaizokwana muChicago…kuti vanhu vaone makore achiyangarara mariri uye zvivakwa zvirefu kwazvo zvichiratidzwa mubasa.Ipapo, Nemhaka yechimiro chayo pasuo, mutori rutivi, vateereri, vachakwanisa kupinda iri kamuri rakadzika zvikuru, nenzira yarinoita chinhu chimwe chetecho kuratidzirwo yomunhu sezvinoitwa nechokunze chebasa kuratidzirwo yezvinhu zveguta rakapoteredza.”- muimbi weBritish ane mukurumbira pasi rose Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate muvezi
Tichitarisa kudzikama kweichi chivezwa chesimbi isina tsvina, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti simbi uye ushingi zvakadii pasi pedenga racho. Cloud Gate inoviga nyaya dzevanopfuura zana vanogadzira simbi, vanocheka, vanonama, vanocheka, mainjiniya, nyanzvi, vagadziri vesimbi, vanoisa, uye mamaneja — kwese kwemakore mashanu.
Vakawanda vaishanda nguva yakawanda, vachiita basa remusangano pakati peusiku, kudzika musasa panzvimbo, uye kushanda mukati mekushisa kwe-110-degree mune yakazara Tyvek® masutu uye hafu-mask respirators.Vamwe vanoshanda munzvimbo dzinopesana negiravhiti, kurembera kubva pamabhandi ezvigaro pavanenge vakabata zvishandiso uye kushanda pamateru anotsvedza.Zvinhu zvose zvinoita kuti zvisaitike zvishoma.
Kusimbisa muvezi Anish Kapoor pfungwa yemakore anoyangarara kuita 110-ton, 66-fiti-kureba, 33-foot-kureba stainless sculpture rakanga riri basa remugadziri wekambani Performance Structures Inc. (PSI), Oakland, CA, uye MTH, Villan Park, IL 10 yekare yekugadzira IL20. Ural metal uye girazi dhizaini dhizaini makondirakiti munzvimbo yeChicago.
Zvinodiwa pakuona purojekiti zvichapinda mukuitwa kwehunyanzvi, hungwaru, hunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye ruzivo rwekugadzira zvemakambani ese ari maviri. Vanoita tsika uye vakatovaka michina yepurojekiti.
Zvimwe zvezvinetso zvepurojekiti yacho zvinouya nechimiro chayo chakakombama chisinganzwisisike - doti kana bhatani redumbu rakatenderedzwa - uye mamwe kubva pakukura kwaro. Zvivezwa zvakavakwa nemakambani maviri akasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana zviuru zvemamaira zvakaparadzana, zvichiita kuti pave nematambudziko ekufambisa uye masitaira ebasa. Maitirwo mazhinji anofanira kuitwa mumunda anonetsa kuita munzvimbo yechitoro, tisingarevi mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, haana kumbobvira agadzirwa. , hapana nzira.
Ethan Silva wePSI ane ruzivo rwakakura mukuvaka magoko, pakutanga pazvikepe uye gare gare mune mamwe mapurojekiti eunyanzvi, akakodzera kune akasiyana magoko ekuvaka mabasa.Anish Kapoor akakumbira fizikisi uye vakapedza zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi kuti vape modhi diki.
"Saka ndakagadzira 2 x 3 metres sampuli, chidimbu chakakwenenzverwa chakakwenenzverwa, uye akati," Ah, wazviita, ndiwe wega wakazviita, 'nekuti anga achitsvaga kwemakore maviri kuti Tsvaga munhu azviite," akadaro Silva.
Chirongwa chepakutanga chaive chekuti PSI igadzirise zvakakwana uye ivake chivezwa, uye wozotumira chidimbu chose kumaodzanyemba kwePacific Ocean, kuburikidza nePanama Canal, kuchamhembe kweAtlantic Ocean, uye pamwe chete neSt. Lawrence Seaway kune chiteshi chengarava paLake Michigan, maererano naEdward Uhlir, mutungamiri mukuru weMillennium Park Inc. Maererano neshoko racho, imwe yakanyatsogadzirirwa yakagadzirirwa conveyor . mapaneru akakomberedzwa aifanira kusungirirwa kutakura uye kutakurwa nemotokari kuenda kuChicago, uko MTH yaizounganidza iyo substructure uye superstructure, uye kubatanidza mapaneru kune superstructure.
Kupedza uye kupukuta mawelds eCloud Gate kuti atarise zvisina musono aive chimwe chezvinhu zvakanyanya kuomesesa zvekuisa munda uye basa regungano.Iyo nhanho gumi nembiri inopera nerouge inopenya yakafanana nejeweler's polish.
“Saka takashanda pachirongwa ichi kweanenge makore matatu, tichigadzira zvikamu izvi,” akadaro Silva.” Ibasa rakaoma.Yakawanda yenguva iyoyo inopedzwa uchifunga kuti ungazviita sei uye nekushanda kunze kweruzivo;munoziva, kungozvinatsa.Mashandisiro atinoita tekinoroji yekombuta uye simbi yakanaka yechinyakare ndeyekugadzira uye musanganiswa wetekinoroji yemuchadenga. "
Zvakaoma kuita chinhu chakakura kudaro uye chinorema nemazvo, akadaro.Mahwendefa makuru akaenzana nemamita manomwe akafara nemamita gumi neimwe kureba uye airema makirogiramu 1,500.
"Kuita basa rose reCAD uye kugadzira mifananidzo chaiyo yezvitoro yebasa ibasa guru pacharo," anodaro Silva."Tinoshandisa teknolojia yekombuta kuyera mahwendefa uye kunyatsoongorora maumbirwo awo uye kukombama kuti aenderane nemazvo.
"Takaita kuenzanisa kwemakombuta tichibva tapatsanura," akadaro Silva." Ndakashandisa ruzivo rwangu nekugadzira magoko, uye ndaive nemamwe mazano ekuti ndingapatsanura sei maumbirwo kuti mitsara ishande kuti tiwane mhedzisiro yemhando yepamusoro."
Mamwe mahwendefa ane mativi akaenzana, mamwe akafanana nepie.Paanoswedera pedyo neshanduko yakatsetseka, anowedzera kuumbwa kwepai, uye yakakura kushanduka kweradial.Kumusoro, iwo akajeka uye akakura.
Plasma inocheka 1/4- kusvika 3/8-inch-kukora 316L simbi isina tsvina, iyo yakasimba zvakakwana pachayo, Silva anodaro.Izvi zvinoitwa nekugadzira uye kugadzira iyo rib system furemu kune yega yega slab chaizvo.Nenzira iyi tinokwanisa kunyatso kutsanangura chimiro che slab yega yega. "
Mabhodhi akakungurutswa pama 3D rollers akagadzirwa uye akagadzirwa nePSI zvakanangana nekutenderedza mabhodhi aya (ona Mufananidzo 1)." Imhando yehama kune maBritish rollers.Tinovaputira tichishandisa nzira yakafanana nemaitirwo anoitwa fenders, "Silva akadaro. Bend rimwe nerimwe panhizha nekuifambisa mberi uye mberi pamapumburu, kugadzirisa kudzvinyirira pamapumburu kusvikira mapaneti ari mukati me 0.01 masendimita ehukuru hunodiwa. Kunyatsonaka kwepamusoro kunodiwa kunoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuumba mapepa zvakanaka, akadaro.
Welder anobva asona flux cored kusvika mukati membabvu system.
Nzvimbo dzose dzemapuranga dzakagadzirwa nemaoko uye dzakagadzirwa nemichina kuti dzicheke kusvika kune churu chinodiwa che inch kurongeka kuitira kuti dzose dzikwane pamwe chete (ona Mufananidzo 2) .Tarisa zviyero nechiyero chakarurama chekuyera uye laser scanning equipment.Pakupedzisira, ndiro inokwenenzverwa kusvika kugirazi kupera uye yakafukidzwa nefirimu inodzivirira.
Inenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemapuranga, pamwe chete nechigadziko uye chimiro chemukati, zvakavakwa mumusangano wekutongwa pamberi pemapuranga akatumirwa kubva kuAuckland (ona Mifananidzo 3 uye 4) .Akaronga nzira yekunamatira uye akaita mamwe seam welding pane mamwe mabhodhi maduku kuti azvibatanidze pamwe chete. "Saka patakaiisa pamwe chete muChicago, takaziva kuti yaizoenderana, "akadaro Silva.
Kupisa, nguva uye kudengenyeka kwerori kunogona kuita kuti pepa rakaputirwa risununguke.Iyo ribbed grating haisi kungogadzirirwa kuwedzera kuoma kwebhodhi, asiwo kuchengetedza chimiro chebhodhi panguva yekufambisa.
Naizvozvo, ine mesh yekusimbisa mukati, ndiro inobatwa nekupisa uye kutonhodzwa kuti ibvise kushushikana kwezvinhu. Kuti uwedzere kudzivirira kukanganisa mukufambisa, ma cradles anogadzirwa ndiro imwe neimwe, iyo inozoiswa mumidziyo, anenge mana panguva.
Midziyo yacho yakabva yaiswa muzvigadzirwa zvehafu-yapera, inenge ina panguva, uye yakatumirwa kuChicago nevashandi vePSI kuti vagadzirwe nevashandi veMTH. Mumwe ndiye munhu wekutakura anoronga zvekufambisa, uye mumwe ndiye mutariri munzvimbo yehunyanzvi. Anoshanda nevashandi veMTH zuva nezuva uye anobatsira kugadzira matekinoroji matsva sezvinodiwa. "
Lyle Hill, purezidhendi weMTH, akati MTH Industries pakutanga yakapihwa basa rekuchengetedza chivezwa cheethereal pasi uye nekuisa iyo superstructure, ndokuzoisa mapepa kwairi nekupa jecha rekupedzisira nekupukuta, neruremekedzo rwePSI Technical kutungamira.Kupedzwa kwechivezwa kunoreva kuenzana pakati pehunyanzvi uye kuita;dzidziso uye chokwadi;inodiwa nguva uye yakarongwa nguva.
Lou Cerny, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri weinjiniya uye maneja wepurojekiti yeMTH, akati chaanofarira nezvechirongwa ichi kusarudzika kwacho.” Sekuziva kwedu, pane zvinhu zviri kuitika pachirongwa ichi zvisati zvamboitwa, kana kuti zvisati zvambofungwa nezvazvo,” akadaro Cerny.
Asi kushanda pabasa rekutanga-re-romhando inoda kuchinjika pa-saiti huchenjeri kuti usangane nezvipingamupinyi zvisingafanoonekwi uye kupindura mibvunzo inomuka sezvo basa rinofambira mberi:
Iwe unokwana sei 128 yemotokari-yakakura-stainless simbi mapanera kune anogara ari superstructure uchiabata nemagirovhosi emwana?Unopinza sei bhinzi hombe yakaita searc usingavimbi nayo?Ungapinda sei weld usingakwanise kupinza kubva mukati?Ungawana sei girazi rakakwana rekupedzisira resimbi isina tsvina inorovera munzvimbo yemwenje?
Chiratidzo chokutanga chokuti ichi chaizova chirongwa chakaoma zvikuru, Cerny akati, pakanga pakatanga kuvaka nokuisa pamudziyo unorema makirogiramu 30 000. Chimiro chesimbi chinotsigira chivezwa.
Kunyange zvazvo zinc-rich structural simbi yakapiwa nePSI kuti iunganidze substructure base yakanga iri nyore kugadzira, substructure site yakawanikwa hafu pamusoro peresitorendi uye hafu pamusoro pepaki yemotokari, imwe neimwe iri pahupamhi hwakasiyana.
"Saka substructure imhando ye cantilevered uye rickety," Cerny akadaro. "Patinoisa yakawanda yesimbi iyi, kusanganisira pakutanga kweplate basa pachayo, isu taifanira kutora crane kuti ityaire mugomba remamita mashanu."
Cerny akati vakashandisa yakanyanyisa anchoring system, kusanganisira mechanical preload system, yakafanana nemhando yezvinhu zvinoshandiswa mumigodhi yemarasha, uye mamwe anchors emakemikari.Kamwe chidimbu chechimiro chesimbi chinogadziriswa mukrete, zvakakosha kuvaka superstructure iyo shell ichabatanidzwa.
"Takatanga kuisa truss system tichishandisa maviri makuru akagadzirwa 304 simbi isina tsvina O-mhete - imwe kumucheto kuchamhembe kwechigadziro uye imwe kumucheto kwekumaodzanyemba," anodaro Cerny (ona Mufananidzo 3). Mhete dzakabatanidzwa pamwe chete necriss-crossing tube trusses. Iyo ring-core subframe inovakwa muzvikamu uye bolted uye bhoti welded mu situ.
“Saka pane chivakwa chikuru chisina munhu akamboona;ndeyekurongeka kwemaitiro," Cerny akadaro.
Pasinei nekuedza kwakanakisa kugadzira, kugadzira, kugadzira uye kuisa zvese zvinodiwa zvepurojekiti yeAuckland, chivezwa ichi hachisati chamboitika uye kutyora nzira nyowani nguva dzose kunouya nemaburrs uye zvikwambo. Saizvozvo, kubatanidza pfungwa yekugadzira yekambani neimwe haisi nyore sekupfuura baton. Pamusoro pazvo, nhambwe yemuviri pakati penzvimbo dzakakonzeresa kunonoka kuendesa panzvimbo.
"Ipo maitirwo egungano nemagetsi akarongwa kare muOakland, mamiriro chaiwo epasaiti aida hungwaru kubva kune wese munhu," akadaro Silva." Uye vashandi vemubatanidzwa vakanyanya."
Mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga, maitiro ezuva nezuva eMTH aive ekuona kuti basa rezuva rinosanganisirei uye nzira yekugadzira zvimwe zvezvikamu zvekumisa subframe, pamwe nemamwe ma struts, "shock absorbers," maoko, mapegi, uye mapini.Iyo pogo tsvimbo inodiwa kugadzira yenguva pfupi siding system, Er akadaro.
“Ichi chirongwa chinoenderera mberi chekugadzira nekugadzira panhunzi kuti zvinhu zvifambe uye kuti zvisvike panzvimbo nekukurumidza.Isu tinopedza nguva yakawanda tichironga nezvatinazvo, kugadzira patsva nekugadzirisa mune dzimwe nguva, Uye tozogadzira zvikamu zvinodiwa.
"Chaizvoizvo, tichava nezvinhu gumi neChipiri zvatinofanira kuendesa panzvimbo neChitatu," Hill akadaro.
"Inenge 75 muzana yezvikamu zvekumisa bhodhi zvinogadzirwa kana kugadziridzwa mumunda," akadaro Cerny." Pane dzimwe nguva dzataigadzira zuva remaawa makumi maviri nemana.Ndainge ndiri muchitoro kusvika na2, 3am, uye ndaizoenda kumba na5:30 mangwanani kunogeza ndoenda kunotora zvokubikisa, zvichiri nyoro .”
The temporary suspension system MTH yekuunganidza imba ine zvitubu, struts uye tambo. Zvose zvinobatanidzwa pakati peplateti zvinosungirirwa kwenguva pfupi pamwe chete. "Saka chimiro chese chakabatanidzwa nemichina, chakarembera kubva mukati, chine 304 trusses," Cerny akadaro.
Vanotanga nedome pazasi pe omhalus sculpture - "guvhu redumbu" .Dome yakamiswa kubva kune trusses vachishandisa yenguva pfupi-point suspension spring support system inosanganisira hangers, cables uye springs.Cerny akati chitubu chinopa "kupa uye kutora" sezvo mamwe mabhodhi akawedzerwa.
Rimwe nerimwe remabhodhi 168 rine hurongwa hwaro hwekutsigira chitubu chine mapoinzi mana saka rinotsigirwa rega kana ravepo.
Sechipupuriro chechokwadi chebasa rePSI, gungano rakanaka kwazvo rine mashoma mashoma. "PSI yaita basa rakanaka rekugadzira mapaneru," anodaro Cerny.Iyo fitout yakanaka chaizvo, zvinova zvakandinakira.Tiri kutaura, chaizvo zviuru nezviuru zvemainji.Aya mahwendefa akaiswa Pane yakavharwa mupendero pamwe chete. "
"Pavanopedza gungano, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti zvakaitwa," akadaro Silva, kwete chete nokuti mashizha akaoma, asiwo nokuti zvikamu zvakaungana zvakakwana, nemapuranga avo egirazi-yekupedzisira, zvakapinda mukuratidzira kuratidzira kwakapoteredza.Asi mabheti anooneka, mvura mercury haina seams.Mukuwedzera, chivezwa chacho chichiri kufanira kuumbwa kuitira kuti chizvarwa chayo chive chakanyatsogadziriswa, Silva akati taifanira kugadzirwa zvakakwana kuitira kuti chizvarwa chayo chigadziriswe.
Kupedzwa kweCloud Gate kwaifanira kumiswa panguva yekuvhurwa kukuru kwepaki mukupera kwa2004, saka omhalus yaive GTAW mhenyu, uye zvakaenderera kwemwedzi mishoma.
"Unogona kuona madiki madiki ebrown, ari TIG majoini anotengeswa akatenderedza chimiro chese," Cerny akadaro." Takatanga kuvakazve matende muna Ndira.
"Chinetso chikuru chakatevera chekugadzira purojekiti iyi yaive yekubatanidza musono pasina kurasikirwa nekurongeka nekuda kwewelding shrinkage deformation," akadaro Silva.
Plasma welding inopa simba rinodiwa uye kuoma nengozi shoma kune bhodhi, Cerny akati.A 98% argon / 2% helium musanganiswa unoshanda zvakanakisisa mukuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuwedzera kusanganiswa.
Welders anoshandisa keyhole plasma welding matekiniki vachishandisa Thermal Arc® magetsi masosi uye yakakosha tirakita uye torch magungano akagadzirwa uye anoshandiswa nePSI.