Sezvo dzvinyiriro dzemusika dzinomanikidza vagadziri vechubhu kutsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera kubereka vachitevedzera maitiro akasimba emhando, kusarudza nzira yakanakisa yekuongorora uye hurongwa hwekutsigira kunonyanya kukosha kupfuura kare.Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vanogadzira chubhu vachivimba nekuongorora kwekupedzisira, muzviitiko zvakawanda vagadziri vanoshandisa kuedza kunowedzera kumusoro kwechigadziro chekugadzira kuti vaone zvinhu zvakakanganisika kana maitiro ekutanga.Hazviiti chete kuti izvi zvinoderedza zvimedu, asi izvi zvinoderedza zvikonzero zvinotapukira zvine purofiti. kuwedzera iyo isiri-inoparadza yekuyedza (NDT) kufekitori inoita yakanaka hupfumi pfungwa.
Zvinhu zvakawanda-mhando yemhando, dhayamita, kukora kwemadziro, kukurumidza kwemaitiro uye nzira yewelding kana kuumba chubhu-inogadzirisa bvunzo yakanakisa.Izvi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu munzira yekuongorora inoshandiswa.
Eddy Current Testing (ET) inoshandiswa mumapombi akawanda epombi.Iyi ibvunzo ine mutengo wakaderera uye inogona kushandiswa mukuonda kwepombi pombi, kazhinji inosvika 0.250 inch rusvingo ukobvu.Inokodzera magineti uye asiri magineti zvinhu.
Sensors kana test coils inowira muzvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: wraparound uye tangential.Makoiri akatenderedza anoongorora yese cross-section yechubhu, nepo tangential makoiri achiongorora chete nzvimbo yakasungwa.
Kuputira-kutenderedza makoiri anoona kukanganisa mumutsara wese unouya, kwete weld zone chete, uye anowanzo kuve anoshanda zvakanyanya pakuyedza saizi madiki pane masendimita maviri mudhayamita.Anoshivirirawo pad drift.Chakanyanya chakaipa ndechekuti kupfuudza mutsetse unouya nemuguyo kunoda nhanho dzekuwedzera uye kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa kuti ipfuure nepakati peiyo dhayamita, iyo dhayamita yetest inogona kukonzera dhayamita yetest coil. kuvhura, kukuvadza test coil.
Makoiri eTangent anoongorora chikamu chidiki chedenderedzwa rechubhu.Mumaapuro makuru edhayamita, kushandisa makoiri ane dhayamita kwete wraparound makoiri anowanzo buritsa zvirinani chiratidzo-ku-ruzha reshiyo (chiyero chekusimba kwechiratidzo chekuyedza chinoenderana nechakamira kumashure).Tangent coils haidi shinda uye zviri nyore kudzika pasi padivi pechigayo chinenge chakakodzera chete. kune madiki madiki kana iyo weld chinzvimbo ichidzorwa zvakanaka.
Chero rudzi rwekoil runogona kuyedza kuti hapana kuenderera mberi sei.Kuongorora kukanganisika, kunonziwo void or discipancy testing, inoramba ichienzanisa weld nechikamu chiri padyo che base metal uye inonzwa nekushanduka kudiki kunokonzerwa ne discontinuities.Yakanakira kuona kuremara kupfupi senge pinholes kana jump welds, iyo yekutanga nzira inoshandiswa mune yakawanda rolling mill application.
Chiyero chechipiri, nzira yakakwana, yakawana verbose kukanganisa.Iyi nzira yakareruka yeET inoda kuti mufambisi aenzanise nemagetsi hurongwa pazvinhu zvakanaka.Kuwedzera pakutsvaga kushanduka, kunoramba kuripo, kunoonawo kuchinja kwemadziro emadziro.
Kushandisa nzira mbiri idzi dzeET hazvifaniri kunyanya kunetsa.Kana chiridzwa chacho chakashongedzerwa, chinogona kushandiswa panguva imwe chete nekamwe test coil.
Chekupedzisira, nzvimbo yetester yakakosha. Hunhu hwakadai se ambient tembiricha uye vibration yeguyo (inotumirwa kuchubhu) inogona kukanganisa kuiswa. Kuisa test coil padhuze nebhokisi rekutengesa kunopa mushandisi ruzivo rwekukurumidza nezve mashandiro ekusodha.Zvisinei, masensor asingachinji tembiricha kana kuwedzera kutonhora kungadiwa. Kuisa test coil padhuze nesaizi yeguyo kunogona kuunza saizi yeguyo padyozvisinei, pane mukana mukuru wezvinyorwa zvenhema nokuti nzvimbo iyi inounza sensor pedyo ne-cut-off system, iyo inowanzoona Vibration panguva yekucheka kana kuveura.
Ultrasonic test (UT) inoshandisa pulses yesimba remagetsi uye inoshandura kuita high frequency sound energy.Masaisai enzwi aya anoendeswa kune zvinhu zviri pasi pekuedzwa kuburikidza nezvinobudisa mvura zvakadai semvura kana chigayo chinotonhodza.Sound is directional;kutariswa kwe sensor kunotarisa kana hurongwa huri kutsvaga kukanganisa kana kuyera madziro emadziro.Seti ye transducers inogona kugadzira rondedzero ye weld zone.Iyo UT nzira haina kuganhurirwa nechubhu madziro makubvu.
Kuti ushandise chirongwa cheUT sechiyero chekuyera, mufambisi anofanira kutarisa transducer kuitira kuti ive perpendicular kune tube.Mafungu anonzwika anopinda muOD kusvika kuchubhu, anoputika kubva paID, uye kudzokera kune transducer.The system inoyera nguva-yekubhururuka - nguva inotora kuti inzwi rifambe kubva kuOD kusvika kuID - uye rinoshandura nguva kuva chiyero chekuyera chiyero chemiccura rusvingo rwekuyera ± mill. 0.001 inches.
Kuti aone kukanganisa kwezvinhu, mushandisi anoisa transducer pane oblique angle.Masaisai anonzwika anopinda kubva kuOD, anofamba achienda kuID, anoratidza kudzokera kuOD, uye anofamba nemumadziro nenzira iyoyo.Kusaenderera kwewelding kunokonzera kuti inzwi riratidze;inotora nzira imwe chete yekudzokera kune sensor, iyo inoshandura zvakare musimba remagetsi uye inogadzira chiratidziro chinoratidza nzvimbo yekukanganisa.Chiratidzo chacho chinopfuurawo negedhi rakaremara, iro rinoita kuti alarm izivise mufambisi kana kuti inokonzera chirongwa chepende chinoratidza nzvimbo yechikanganiso.
UT masisitimu anogona kushandisa imwechete transducer (kana akawanda single crystal transducers) kana phased array transducers.
Traditional UTs inoshandisa imwe kana kupfuura imwe chete crystal transducers.Nhamba ye sensors inobva pane inotarisirwa kuremara kureba, kumhanya kwemutsara uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuedza.
Phased array UTs inoshandisa multiple transducer elements in a body.The control system electronically controls the sound waves without repositioning the transducer elements to scan the weld area.The system inogona kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa, zvakadai sekuona kukanganisa, kuyera madziro emadziro, uye kuongorora kuchinja kweweld zone cleaning.Izvi kuongorora uye kuyerwa kwemaitiro kunogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete, ini tinokwanisa kufananidzwa nechikamu chimwe chete. lding drift nekuti iyo array inogona kuvhara nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura yechinyakare yakagadziriswa-nzvimbo sensors.
Yechitatu NDT nzira, Magnetic Leakage (MFL), inoshandiswa kuongorora yakakura dhayamita, gobvu madziro, magineti giredhi pombi.Yakanakira oiri uye gasi kushandiswa.
MFLs inoshandisa yakasimba DC magnetic field inopfuura nepakati pechubhu kana chubhu rusvingo.Iyo simba remagineti rinosvika pakuzara kwakazara, kana kuti nzvimbo iyo chero kuwedzera kwesimba remagnetizing hakuiti kuti kuwedzerwa kukuru kwemagnetic flux density.Apo mitsara yemagineti inosangana nekukanganisika mune zvinyorwa, kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemagnetic flux kunogona kuita kuti ibudise kana kuputika kubva pamusoro.
A simple waya-ronda probe yakapfuura nepamagineti inogona kuona mabubbles akadaro.Sezvinoita kune mamwe magineti induction applications, sisitimu inoda kufambiswa kwehukama pakati pezvinhu zviri kuedzwa uye probe.Kufamba uku kunowanikwa nekutenderedza magineti uye probe kusangana kutenderedza denderedzwa rechubhu kana pombi.Kuwedzera kukurumidza kugadzirisa, setup iyi inoshandisa imwezve probes (zvakare) imwe zvakare.
Iyo inotenderera MFL unit inogona kuona kureba kana kuchinjika kuremara.Misiyano iri mukutariswa kwemaitiro emagnetizing uye probe dhizaini.Muzviitiko zviviri izvi, chiratidzo chechiratidzo chinobata nzira yekuona kukanganisa uye kusiyanisa pakati peID neOD nzvimbo.
MFL yakafanana neET uye zviviri izvi zvinopindirana.ET inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvine madziro makubvu asingasviki 0.250 inch, nepo MFL inoshandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvine madziro makubvu makuru kupfuura aya.
Imwe mukana weMFL pamusoro peUT ndiko kukwanisa kwayo kuona zvishoma-kupfuura-zvakakodzera zvikanganiso.Somuenzaniso, MFL inogona kuona nyore zvikanganiso zvehelical.Kukanganisa mumigwagwa yakadaro ye oblique inogona kuonekwa neUT, asi inoda zvirongwa zvakananga zvekona inotarisirwa.
Uri kuda mamwe mashoko pamusoro penyaya iyi?The Manufacturers and Manufacturers Association (FMA) ine zvakawanda.Vanyori Phil Meinczinger naWilliam Hoffmann vachapa zuva rose reruzivo uye nhungamiro pamusoro pemisimboti, magadzirirwo emidziyo, kuseta uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro aya.Musangano wakaitwa musi wa10 Mbudzi pamuzinda weFMA muChicago kuElgin, Illinoisn kuvhura.
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