Sezvo dzvinyiriro dzemusika dzinomanikidza vagadziri vechubhu kutsvaga nzira dzekuwedzera kubereka vachitevedzera maitiro akasimba emhando, kusarudza nzira yakanakisa yekuongorora uye hurongwa hwekutsigira kwakakosha kupfuura kare.Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vanogadzira chubhu vachivimba nekuongorora kwekupedzisira, muzviitiko zvakawanda vagadziri vanoshandisa kuedza kunowedzera kumusoro kwechigadzirwa chekugadzira kuti vaone zvinhu zvakakanganisika kana maitiro ekutanga.Hazviiti chete kuti izvi zvinoderedza zvimedu, asi izvi zvinoderedzawo mashandisirwo akashata anoenderana nemutengo wekupedzisira. purofiti.Nezvikonzero izvi, kuwedzera isiri-kuparadza yekuyedza (NDT) kufekitori inoita yakanaka hupfumi.
Zvinhu zvakawanda-mhando yemhando, dhayamita, kukora kwemadziro, kukurumidza kwemaitiro uye nzira yewelding kana kuumba chubhu-inogadzirisa bvunzo yakanakisa.Izvi zvinhu zvinokonzeresa kusarudzwa kwezvinhu munzira yekuongorora inoshandiswa.
Eddy Current Testing (ET) inoshandiswa mumapombi akawanda epombi.Iyi ibvunzo ine mutengo wakaderera uye inogona kushandiswa mukuonda kwepombi pombi, kazhinji inosvika 0.250 inch rusvingo ukobvu.Inokodzera magineti uye asiri magineti zvinhu.
Sensors kana test coil inowira muzvikamu zviviri zvakakosha: wraparound uye tangential.Makoiri akatenderedza anoongorora chikamu chese-chese chechubhu, nepo tangential makoiri achiongorora chete nzvimbo yakasungwa.
Kuputira-kutenderedza makoiri anoona kukanganisa mumutsara wese unouya, kwete weld zone chete, uye anowanzo kuve anoshanda zvakanyanya pakuyedza saizi madiki pane masendimita maviri mudhayamita.Anoshivirirawo pad drift.Chakanyanya chakaipa ndechekuti kupfuudza tambo inopinda nemuguyo kunoda nhanho dzekuwedzera uye kutarisirwa kwakawedzerwa kuti upfuure nepakati pesoil, dhayamita yecoil yakakundikana. weld inogona kukonzera kuti chubhu ivhurwe, ichikuvadza test coil.
Makoiri eTangent anoongorora chikamu chidiki chedenderedzwa rechubhu.Mumaapuro makuru edhayamita, kushandisa makoiri ane dhayamita kwete kuputira kazhinji kunopa chiratidzo chirinani-ku-ruzha reshiyo (chiyero chekusimba kwechiratidzo chekuyedza chinoenderana nechakamira kumashure).Tangent coils haidi shinda uye zviri nyore kudzika pasi padivi pechigayo chakakodzera chete. mapaipi uye inogona kushandiswa kune madiki madiki kana iyo weld chinzvimbo ichidzorwa zvakanaka.
Chero rudzi rwekoil runogona kuyedza kuti hapana kuenderera mberi sei.Kuongorora kukanganisika, kunonziwo void or discipancy testing, inoramba ichienzanisa weld nechikamu chiri padyo che base metal uye inonzwa nekushanduka kudiki kunokonzerwa ne discontinuities.Yakanakira kuona kuremara kupfupi senge pinholes kana jump welds, iyo yekutanga nzira inoshandiswa mune yakawanda rolling mill application.
Chiyero chechipiri, nzira yakakwana, yakawana verbose kukanganisa.Iyi nzira yakareruka yeET inoda kuti mufambisi aenzanise nemagetsi hurongwa pazvinhu zvakanaka.Kuwedzera pakutsvaga kushanduka, kunoramba kuripo, kunoonawo kuchinja kwemadziro emadziro.
Kushandisa nzira mbiri idzi dzeET hazvifaniri kunyanya kunetsa.Kana chiridzwa chacho chakashongedzerwa, chinogona kushandiswa panguva imwe chete nekamwe test coil.
Chekupedzisira, nzvimbo yetester yakakosha. Hunhu hwakadai se ambient tembiricha uye vibration yeguyo (inotumirwa kuchubhu) inogona kukanganisa kuiswa. Kuisa test coil pedyo nebhokisi rekutengesa kunopa mutyairi ruzivo rwechimbichimbi pamusoro pekuita soldering.Zvisinei, masensor asingachinji tembiricha kana kuwedzera kutonhora kunogona kudiwa.Kuisa test defect yecoil pedyo nesaizi inogona kusuma chigayo padyo process; zvisinei, pane mukana mukuru wezvinyorwa zvenhema nokuti nzvimbo iyi inounza sensor pedyo ne-cut-off system, iyo inowanzoona Vibration panguva yekucheka kana kuveura.
Ultrasonic test (UT) inoshandisa pulses yesimba remagetsi uye inoshandura kuita high frequency sound energy.Masaisai enzwi aya anoendeswa kune zvinhu zviri pasi pekuedzwa kuburikidza nezvinobudisa mvura zvakadai semvura kana chigayo chinotonhodza.Sound is directional; kutariswa kwe sensor kunotarisa kana hurongwa huri kutsvaga kukanganisa kana kuyera madziro emadziro.Seti ye transducers inogona kugadzira chinyorwa cheiyo weld zone.Iyo nzira yeUT haina kuganhurirwa nechubhu madziro makubvu.
Kuti ushandise chirongwa cheUT sechiyereso chekuyeresa, mufambisi anofanira kutarisisa transducer kuitira kuti ive perpendicular kune chubhu.Mafungu anonzwika anopinda muOD kuchubhu, anobvongodza ID, odzokera kune transducer.Sitimu inoyera nguva-yekubhururuka - nguva inotora kuti ruzha rwekufamba kubva kuOD kuenda kuID - uye inoshandura nguva kuita iyi yekuyera ukobvu hwekuyerwa pamadziro ekuyera mill. kururama kwe ± 0.001 inches.
Kuti aone kukanganisa kwezvinhu, mushandisi anoisa transducer pane oblique angle.Masaisai anonzwika anopinda kubva kuOD, anofamba achienda kuID, anoratidza kudzokera kuOD, uye anofamba nemumadziro nenzira iyoyo.Kusaenderera kwewelding kunokonzera kuti inzwi riratidze; inotora nzira imwe chete yekudzokera kune sensor, iyo inoshandura zvakare musimba remagetsi uye inogadzira chiratidziro chinoratidza nzvimbo yekukanganisa.Chiratidzo chacho chinopfuurawo negedhi rakaremara, iro rinoita kuti alarm izivise mufambisi kana kuti inokonzera chirongwa chepende chinoratidza nzvimbo yechikanganiso.
UT masisitimu anogona kushandisa imwechete transducer (kana akawanda single crystal transducers) kana phased array transducers.
Traditional UTs inoshandisa imwe kana kupfuura imwe chete crystal transducers.Nhamba ye sensors inobva pane inotarisirwa kuremara kureba, kumhanya kwemutsara uye zvimwe zvinodiwa zvekuedza.
Phased array UTs inoshandisa multiple transducer elements in a body.The control system electronically controls the sound waves without repositioning the transducer elements to scan the weld area.The system inogona kuita zvakasiyana-siyana zvemabasa, zvakadai sekuona kukanganisa, kuyera madziro emadziro, uye kutarisa kuchinja kweweld zone cleaning.Izvi kuongorora uye kuyerwa kwemaitiro zvinogona kuitwa panguva imwechete-zvinogona kuitwa substanti-ray. kushivirira kumwe kunyungudika kwewelding nekuti dhizaini inogona kuvhara nzvimbo yakakura kupfuura yechinyakare yakatarwa-nzvimbo sensors.
Yechitatu NDT nzira, Magnetic Leakage (MFL), inoshandiswa kuongorora yakakura dhayamita, gobvu madziro, magineti giredhi pombi.Yakanakira oiri uye gasi kushandiswa.
MFLs inoshandisa yakasimba DC magnetic field inopfuura nepakati pechubhu kana chubhu rusvingo.Iyo simba remagineti rinosvika pakuzara kwakazara, kana kuti nzvimbo iyo chero kuwedzera kwesimba remagnetizing hakuiti kuti kuwedzerwa kukuru kwemagnetic flux density.Apo mitsara yemagineti inosangana nekukanganisika mune zvinyorwa, kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nemagnetic flux kunogona kuita kuti ibudise kana kuputika kubva pamusoro.
A simple waya-ronda probe yakapfuura nepamagineti inogona kuona mabubbles akadaro.Sezvinoita kune mamwe magineti induction applications, sisitimu inoda kufambiswa kwehukama pakati pezvinhu zviri kuedzwa uye probe.Kufamba uku kunowanikwa nekutenderedza magineti uye gungano rekuferefeta kutenderedza denderedzwa rechubhu kana pombi.Kuwedzera kukurumidza kugadzirisa, setup iyi inoshandisa imwezve probes (zvakare) imwe zvakare.
Iyo inotenderera MFL unit inogona kuona kureba kana kuchinjika kuremara.Misiyano iri mukutariswa kwemaitiro emagnetizing uye probe dhizaini.Muzviitiko zvese izvi, chiratidzo chechiratidzo chinobata nzira yekuona kukanganisa uye kusiyanisa pakati peID neOD nzvimbo.
MFL yakafanana neET uye zviviri izvi zvinopindirana.ET inokodzera zvigadzirwa zvine madziro makubvu asingasviki 0.250 inch, nepo MFL inoshandiswa kune zvigadzirwa zvine madziro makubvu makuru kupfuura aya.
Imwe mukana weMFL pamusoro peUT ndiko kukwanisa kwayo kuona zvishoma-kupfuura-zvakakodzera zvikanganiso.Somuenzaniso, MFL inogona kuona nyore zvikanganiso zvehelical.Kukanganisa mumigwagwa yakadaro ye oblique inogona kuonekwa neUT, asi inoda zvirongwa zvakananga zvekona inotarisirwa.
Kuda ruzivo rwakanyanya pamusoro penyaya iyi?The Manufacturers and Manufacturers Association (FMA) ine zvakawanda.Vanyori Phil Meinczinger naWilliam Hoffmann vachapa zuva rakazara reruzivo uye nhungamiro pamusoro pemisimboti, zvingasarudzwa zvemidziyo, kuseta uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro aya.Musangano wakaitwa musi wa10 Mbudzi pamuzinda weFMA muChicago muElgin, Illinois kupinda.Dzidza zvakawanda.
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