Izvi zvinonzwika zvakanyanya kuti zvive chokwadi, saka dambudziko nderei?Welding inowanzodiwa kugadzira chero chinhu kubva kune imwe yemhando dzinopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu dzesimbi isina tsvina.Welding simbi isina tsvina ibasa rakaoma.Dzimwe dzenyaya idzi dzinosanganisira kuvepo kwechromium oxide, maitiro ekudzora kupisa kwekuisa, iyo welding process yekushandisa, mabatiro ehexavalent chromium uye maitirwo azvo.
Pasinei nekuoma kwekushongedza uye kupedzisa chinhu ichi, simbi isina tsvina inoramba ichizivikanwa uye dzimwe nguva ndiyo chete sarudzo kune akawanda maindasitiri.Kuziva mashandisiro azvo zvakachengeteka uye nguva yekushandisa yega yega welding process yakakosha pakubudirira welding.Izvi zvinogona kuva kiyi yebasa rinobudirira.
Saka nei Stainless steel welding riri basa rakaoma kudaro?Mhinduro inotanga nekuti yakasikwa sei.Simbi yakapfava, inozivikanwawo sesimbi yakapfava, inosanganiswa neinosvika 10.5% chromium kugadzira simbi isina tsvina.Iyo yakawedzerwa chromium inoumba chidimbu chechromium oxide pamusoro pesimbi, iyo inodzivirira marudzi mazhinji ekuora uye ngura.Vagadziri vanowedzera huwandu hwakasiyana hwechromium uye zvimwe zvinhu kusimbi kuti vachinje kunaka kwechigadzirwa chekupedzisira, uye voshandisa dhizaini-matatu kusiyanisa mamakisi.
Simbi dzinoshandiswa dzinowanzoshandiswa dzinosanganisira 304 uye 316. Yakachipa pane idzi 304, ine 18 muzana yechromium uye 8 muzana nickel uye inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvose kubva kumotokari yemotokari kusvika kumidziyo yekicheni.316 simbi isina tsvina ine chromium shoma (16%) uye yakawanda nickel (10%), asi ine 2% molybdenum.Mushonga uyu unopa 316 simbi isina tsvina yakawedzera kupikisa ma chlorides uye chlorine mhinduro, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanakisa yenzvimbo dzemugungwa uye maindasitiri emakemikari nemishonga.
Chimiro chechromium oxide chinogona kuve nechokwadi chemhando yesimbi isina tsvina, asi izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti mawelder agumbuke.Ichi chipingamupinyi chinobatsira chinowedzera kudzvinyirirwa kwepamusoro kwesimbi, kunonoka kuumbwa kwedziva remvura weld.Chikanganiso chakajairika ndechekuwedzera kupisa kwekuisa, sezvo kupisa kwakawanda kunowedzera fluidity yemvura.Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kukanganisa simbi isina tsvina.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera kuwedzera oxidation uye kuchinjika kana kupisa kuburikidza nesimbi yepasi.Yakasanganiswa neshizha resimbi rinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akakura senge mota inopopota, izvi zvinova zvakakosha.
Kupisa kunoparadza corrosion resistance yesimbi isina tsvina zvakakwana.Kupisa kwakanyanya kunoshandiswa kana iyo weld kana iyo yakatenderedza kupisa yakakanganiswa nzvimbo (HAZ) ikaita kupenya.Oxidized Stainless Simbi inogadzira mavara anoshamisa kubva pagoridhe rakachenuruka kusvika kune yakasviba yebhuruu nepepuru.Aya mavara anoita mufananidzo wakanaka, asi anogona kuratidza welds anogona kusasangana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zvewelding.Izvo zvakanyanya kuomesesa hazvidi weld coloration.
Zvinowanzogamuchirwa kuti gasi-yakadzivirirwa tungsten arc welding (GTAW) inonyanya kukodzera simbi isina tsvina.Kubva kare, izvi zvave zviri zvechokwadi mupfungwa yose.Izvi zvichiri chokwadi kana tichiedza kuunza mavara akashinga murukwa rweunyanzvi kuti asangane nemhando yepamusoro-soro yemhando mumaindasitiri akadai semagetsi enyukireya uye zvemuchadenga.Nekudaro, tekinoroji yemazuva ano inverter welding yakagadzira gasi simbi arc welding (GMAW) chiyero chekugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina, kwete kungoita otomatiki kana marobhoti masisitimu.
Sezvo GMAW iri semi-otomatiki waya yekudyisa maitiro, inopa yakakwira deposition rate, iyo inobatsira kuderedza kupisa kupinza.Vamwe vane hunyanzvi vanoti iri nyore kushandisa pane GTAW nekuti inotsamira kushoma pahunyanzvi hweanopisa uye zvakanyanya pahunyanzvi hwemagetsi emagetsi.Iyi inzvimbo yemot, asi mazhinji emazuva ano emagetsi eGMAW anoshandisa pre-programmed synergy mitsara.Zvirongwa izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuseta ma parameter akadai seazvino uye voltage, zvichienderana nesimbi yekuzadza inopinzwa nemushandisi, ukobvu hwezvinhu, rudzi rwegasi uye dhayamita yewaya.
Mamwe ma inverters anogona kugadzirisa arc mukati meiyo welding process kuti irambe ichiburitsa arc chaiyo, kubata magaba pakati pezvikamu, uye kuchengetedza kumhanya kwakanyanya kwekufamba kusangana nekugadzirwa uye mhando zviyero.Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune otomatiki kana robhoti welding, asi inoshandawo kune manual welding.Mamwe magetsi emagetsi pamusika anopa touch screen interface uye torch zvinodzora kuitira nyore kuseta.
Welding simbi isina tsvina ibasa rakaoma.Dzimwe dzenyaya idzi dzinosanganisira kuvepo kwechromium oxide, maitiro ekudzora kupisa kwekuisa, iyo welding process yekushandisa, mabatiro ehexavalent chromium uye maitirwo azvo.
Kusarudza gasi rakakodzera reGTAW kazhinji zvinoenderana neruzivo kana mashandisirwo ebvunzo yewelding.GTAW, inozivikanwawo se tungsten inert gas (TIG), kazhinji inoshandisa gasi inert chete, kazhinji argon, helium, kana musanganiswa wezvose.Jekiseni risina kufanira rekudzivirira gasi kana kupisa kunogona kuita kuti chero weld ive yakanyanyisa domed kana tambo-yakafanana netambo, uye izvi zvinodzivirira kubva pakusanganiswa nesimbi yakakomberedza, zvichiita kuti irege kutaridzika kana kuti isina kukodzera weld.Kuona kuti ndeupi musanganiswa wakanakira weld imwe neimwe inogona kureva yakawanda yekuedza uye kukanganisa.Yakagovaniswa GMAW mitsara yekugadzira inobatsira kuderedza nguva yakarasika mumashandisirwo matsva, asi kana yakanyanya kuomesesa mhando ichidikanwa, iyo GTAW welding nzira inoramba iri nzira inosarudzwa.
Welding Stainless Simbi inoisa njodzi kuhutano kune avo vane mwenje.Ngozi huru inounzwa nehutsi hunoburitswa panguva yekugadzira welding.Heated chromium inogadzira musanganiswa unonzi hexavalent chromium, uyo unozivikanwa kukuvadza hurongwa hwekufema, itsvo, chiropa, ganda nemaziso uye kukonzera gomarara.Mawelder anofanirwa kugara akapfeka midziyo yekudzivirira, kusanganisira yekufemerera, uye ive nechokwadi chekuti mukamuri mune mhepo inofefetera vasati vatanga welding.
Matambudziko nesimbi isina simbi haapere mushure mekunge welding yapera.Simbi isina tsvina inodawo kunyatsotariswa mukupedzisa.Kushandisa bhurasho resimbi kana pedhi yekupolisha yakasvibiswa nekabhoni simbi kunogona kukanganisa inodzivirira chromium oxide layer.Kunyangwe kana kukuvara kusingaonekwe, izvi zvinosvibisa zvinogona kuita kuti chigadzirwa chakapedzwa chiite ngura kana imwe corrosion.
Terrence Norris ndiye Senior Applications Engineer paFronius USA LLC, 6797 Fronius Drive, Portage, IN 46368, 219-734-5500, www.fronius.us.
Rhonda Zatezalo munyori akazvimiririra weCrearies Marketing Design LLC, 248-783-6085, www.crearies.com.
Yemazuva ano inverter welding tekinoroji yakaita gasi GMAW chiyero chekugadzirwa kwesimbi isina tsvina, kwete kungozviitira kana marobhoti masisitimu.
WELDER, yaimbonzi Practical Welding Nhasi, inomiririra vanhu chaivo vanogadzira zvigadzirwa zvatinoshandisa uye kushanda nazvo mazuva ese.Magazini ino yave ichishandira nharaunda yekuNorth America kwemakore anopfuura 20.
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