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Kutora Sui-Chongqing njanji yakatsetseka sechinhu chekutsvagisa, ivhu resistivity, ivhu electrochemistry (corrosion potential, redox potential, potential gradient and pH), ivhu anions (total soluble salts, Cl-, SO42- uye) nevhu Kudya. inoongororwa zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvemunhu uye zviratidzo zvakakwana zvevhu rakagadzirwa.Ichienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu, mvura ine simba guru pakuora kwemateru ekudzivirira mambure, ichiteverwa neanion content.Munyu wose unonyunguduka une maitiro ane mwero pakuora kwemambure ekudzivirira, uye ikozvino yakarasika ine corrosion yeivhu rekudzivirira kune corrosion net corrosion. yakaongororwazve, uye kukoromoka pamateru ekumusoro kwaive kuri pakati nepakati, uye kukoromoka kwepakati nepakati pemateru kwaive kwakasimba.Iyo organic matter muvhu yakanga yakanyatsoenderana neinogoneka gradient.Nitrogen inowanika, potassium inowanika uye phosphorus inowanika zvakabatana zvakanyanya neanions.Kuparadzirwa kwevhu rine hukama nemhando yezvokudya zviri inslope.
Paunenge uchivaka njanji, migwagwa uye zvivako zvekuchengetedza mvura, kuvhurika kwemakomo kunowanzova kusingadzivisiki.Nekuda kwemakomo ari kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, kuvakwa kwechitima cheChina kunoda kuchera kwakawanda kwegomo.Inoparadza ivhu rekutanga uye zvinomera, zvichiita kuti pave nematombo ane matombo.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotungamirira kumatope uye kuputika kwevhu, nokudaro kutyisidzira kutakura kwemigwagwa yeMayway2, kunyanya kutyisidzira kutakura kwemigwagwa. 2008 Wenchuan earthquake.Kukoromoka kwevhu kwave kwakapararira uye kwakakomba kudengenyeka kwenyika1.Mukuongorora kwa2008 kwemakiromita 4,243 emigwagwa mikuru muSichuan, pakanga paine njodzi dzekudengenyeka kwenyika 1,736 mumigwagwa uye madziro ekuchengetedza nzvimbo, achiverengera 39.76% yehurefu hwakazara hwekuongorora. inogona kugara kweinenge 10 makore (Taiwan kudengenyeka) uye kunyange kwenguva yakareba 40-50 makore (Kanto earthquake muJapan)4,5.Gradient ndicho chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa kudengenyeka kwenyika6,7.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuchengetedza mugwagwa uye kusimbisa kugadzikana kwayo.Zvirimwa zvinotamba basa risingadzokeri mune zvakajairika slope, landscapespastoration slope 8 rockscapestopestoration uye eclopeslopestoration ivhu. s havana kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri zvakaita se organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium, uye havana nharaunda yevhu inodiwa pakukura kwezvinomera.Nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita semateru makuru uye kukukurwa kwemvura, ivhu rakatenuka rinorasika nyore.Mamiriro emateru ane hukasha, haana mamiriro anodiwa ekuti chirimwa chikure, uye kushaya sloslope kuvharira ivhu reSloslope to 9. Ivhu rekugadzira rinoshandiswa kupfapfaidza rinoumbwa nematombo akapwanyika, ivhu rekurima, mashanga, musanganiswa wefetiraiza, inochengetedza mvura uye inonamira (zvinowanzo shandiswa zvinonamidzira zvinosanganisira Portland simende, organic glue uye asphalt emulsifier) mune imwe tambo barbe gadziriso yekutanga: rivets uye anchor bolts, uye pakupedzisira kupfapfaidza ivhu rakagadzirwa rine mhodzi pamateru ane special sprayer.The 14# diamond-zvakaita simbi mesh kuti zvizere galvanized rinonyanya kushandiswa, ane mesh mwero 5cm × 5cm uye dhayamita 2mm. Mesh yesimbi inobvumira ivhu matrix kuumba yakasimba rocky pamusoro pevhu, corrode ivhu pachezvayo ivhu monolithic slab. , uye mwero wekuora unoenderana nemaitiro eivhu.Kuongororwa kwezvikonzero zvekuora kwevhu kwakakosha zvikuru pakuongorora kukukurwa kwesimbi kunokonzerwa nevhu uye kubvisa njodzi dzekukoromoka kwevhu.
Midzi yemiti inotendwa kuti inoita basa rakakosha mukudzikamisa materu uye kudzora kukukurwa kwevhu10,11,12,13,14.Kudzikamisa materu kubva pakuondomoka kwevhu kusina kudzika, zvinomera zvinogona kushandiswa nokuti midzi yechirimwa inogona kugadzirisa ivhu kudzivirira kukoromoka kwevhu15,16,17.Woody mashizha nemiti yakaomarara,kunyanya kudzika kwemiti,kunyanya kuoma kwemiti, kunobatsira kudzivirira miti yakaoma. lateral midzi midzi yemiti inoshanda semirwi inosimbisa muvhu.Kuvandudzwa kwemidzi yezvivakwa maitiro kunotungamirirwa nemajini, uye nharaunda yevhu inoita basa rakasimba mumaitiro aya.Corrosion to metals inosiyana nemamiriro evhu20.The degree of corrosion of metals in ivhu can range from fairly quickly dissolution to the negligible ivhu mhedzisiro yeArtificial effect21 yeartiformation yakasiyana chaizvo. ions pakati pekunze kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pemakumi emamiriyoni emakore22,23,24.Pamberi pemiti yemiti inoumba midzi yakagadzikana uye ecosystem, kana mesh yesimbi yakasanganiswa nedombo uye ivhu rakagadzirwa rinogona kushanda zvakachengeteka rakabatana zvakananga nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hwepanyama, kuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu uye kuvandudzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zvisinei, kuora kwesimbi kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa muChina mukutanga kwema1980 pamakemikari emuchina nemamwe maindasitiri, kurasikirwa kunokonzerwa nekuora kwesimbi kunopa 4% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekubuda. abolites anogona kukanganisa zvinhu, uye anorasika emvura anogonawo kukonzera corrosion.Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kudzivirira ngura yesimbi yakavigwa muvhu.At ikozvino, tsvakurudzo pamusoro akavigwa ngura simbi inonyanya kutarisa (1) zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuvigwa simbi corrosion25;(2) nzira dzekudzivirira simbi26,27;(3) nzira dzekutonga dzechiyero chesimbi corrosion28;Kuora mumidhiya yakasiyana-siyana.Zvisinei, ivhu rose muchidzidzo chacho rakanga riri remusikirwo uye rakanga raita maumbirwo evhu akakwana.Zvisinei, hapana mushumo pamusoro pekukukurwa kwevhu rakagadzirwa kwematombo enjanji.
Kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe nhepfenyuro dzinoora, ivhu rekugadzira rine hunhu hweilliquidity, heterogeneity, seasonality and regionity.Metal corrosion muvhu rekugadzira inokonzerwa neelectrochemical interactions pakati pesimbi nevhu rekugadzira.Kuwedzera kune innate zvikonzero, chiyero chesimbi corrosion chinoenderanawo nenharaunda yakatenderedza.Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinobatika, munyu weokisijeni zvinokanganisa, saka hunyoro hwemukati, hunyoro hweokisijeni, saka hunyoro hweokisijeni hunokanganisa, saka hunyoro hwemunyu. ion uye simbi ion zvemukati, pH, ivhu microbes30,31,32.
Mumakore makumi matatu ekudzidzira, mubvunzo wekuchengetedza zvachose ivhu rakagadzirwa pamatombo ane matombo rave riri dambudziko33.Mashrubs kana miti haigoni kukura pane mamwe materu mushure memakore gumi ekuchengetedzwa kwemaoko nekuda kwekukanganiswa kwevhu.Iyo tsvina iri pamusoro pesimbi mesh yakashambidzwa kune dzimwe nzvimbo.Nekuda kwekuora kwepamusoro kwakaputika, imwe simbi yakaputika uye yakarasika pasi payo, imwe simbi yakarasika. pane njanji yakatsetseka corrosion inonyanya kutarisisa pakuora kwenjanji substation grounding grid, stray current corrosion inogadzirwa nenjanji yakareruka, nekuora kwemabhiriji enjanji34,35, njanji nemimwe midziyo yemotokari36.Hapana kumbove nemishumo yekuora kwenjanji. mutsetse weSuiyu Railway, uchivavarira kufanotaura kukoromoka kwesimbi nekuongorora zvimiro zvevhu uye kupa dzidziso uye hunoshanda hwaro hwekudzoreredza ecosystem yevhu uye artificial restoration.Slope artificial.
Nzvimbo yekuedza iri munzvimbo ine zvikomo yeSichuan (30 ° 32'N, 105 ° 32'E) pedyo neSuining Railway Station. Nzvimbo iyi iri pakati peSichuan Basin, ine makomo akadzika uye zvikomo, ine nyore geological structure uye nzvimbo yakati sandara. ple sand and mudstone.Kuvimbika kwakashata, uye dombo iri blocky structure.Iyo nzvimbo yekudzidza ine subtropical humid monsoon weather ine mwaka maitiro ekutanga kwechirimo, inopisa zhizha, matsutso mafupi uye kupera kwechando.Kunaya kwemvura yakawanda, chiedza uye kupisa zviwanikwa zvakawanda, nguva yechando-isina nguva yakareba (285 mild yevhareji yemwedzi, chiyero chemazuva 285 paavhareji, tembiricha yegore negore ndiyo 10 ° C, tembiricha yegore negore ndiyo 1. Nyamavhuvhu) i27.2°C, uye tembiricha yakanyanyisa i39.3°C.Mwedzi unotonhora zvikuru ndiNdira (avhareji yetembiricha i6.5°C), tembiricha yakanyanyisa iri -3.8°C, uye avhareji yemvura inonaya pagore i920 mm, kunyanya muna Chikunguru naNyamavhuvhu.Kunaya kwemvura muchirimo, zhizha, matsutso nechando kunosiyana zvikuru.Huwandu hwekunaya kwemvura mumwaka wega wega wegore i19-21%, 51-54%, 22-24% ne4-5% zvakatevedzana.
Nzvimbo yekutsvakurudza inzvimbo yakatsetseka inenge 45 ° pamateru eYu-Sui Railway yakavakwa muna 2003. Muna April 2012, yakatarisana nechekumaodzanyemba mukati me1 km yeSuining Railway Station.The natural slope was used as a control.The ecological restoration of the slope adopts the foreign topdressing ivhu spraying technology for ecological restoration.Maererano nekukwirira kwenjanji yedivi yakatsetseka, mutsetse unogona kukamurwa kuva upslope, mid-slope and downslope (Fig. 2) Sezvo ivhu rakacheka kusvika 0 cm kureba, sezvo ivhu rakacheka kusvika 0 cm kureba. kusvibiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekuora kwevhu resimbi mesh, tinongoshandisa foshoro yesimbi isina tsvina kuti titore ivhu pamusoro 0-8cm.Mapepa mana akaiswa panzvimbo imwe neimwe yakatsetseka, ine 15-20 random sampling points per replicate.Each replicate is musanganiswa we 15-20 randomly yakatarwa kubva kuS-shaped sampling0 kusvika ku 5 magiramu ekuremera. tory in polyethylene ziplock bags for processing.Ivhu rinowanzoomeswa nemhepo, uye matombo nemhuka nezvirimwa zvakasara zvinotorwa, zvinopwanyika neagate stick, uye kusefa ne 20-mesh, 100-mesh nylon sieve kunze kwezvimedu zvakakora.
Ivhu rekudzivirira rakayerwa neVICTOR4106 grounding resistance tester yakagadzirwa neShengli Instrument Company;kupikisa kwevhu kwakayerwa mumunda;hunyoro hwevhu hwakayerwa nenzira yekuomesa.DMP-2 inotakurika digitaalinen mv/pH chiridzwa chine high input impedance yekuyera ivhu corrosion potential.Potential gradient and redox potential by the DMP-2 portable digital mv/pH, total soluble salt in ivhu yakatemwa neresidue drying method, chloride tiiation content by chloride ivhu yakatemwa nenzira ye ion sulfate negNOhr isina kunanga EDTA Titration nzira, kaviri chiratidzo titration nzira yekuona ivhu carbonate uye bicarbonate, potassium dichromate oxidation kudziyisa nzira kuona ivhu organic zvinhu, alkaline mhinduro diffusion nzira kuona ivhu alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, H2SO4-HClO4 digestion Mo-Sb colorimetric nzira Total phosphorus muvhu uye yaiwanikwa mugadziriso Osen5 Osen5 Osen phosphorus muvhu uye yaiwanikwa mushonga weOsen5 Osen500L. uye yakazara potassium yemukati muvhu yakatemwa nesodium hydroxide fusion-flame photometry.
Data yekuedza yakatanga kurongeka.SPSS Statistics 20 yakashandiswa kuita zvinoreva, kutsauka kwemaitiro, nzira imwe chete ANOVA, uye kuongorora kuwirirana kwevanhu.
Tafura 1 inopa zvinhu zve electromechanical, anions uye zvinovaka muviri zvevhu rine mitsetse yakasiyana-siyana.Iyo inogona kukanganisa, ivhu resistivity uye kumabvazuva-kumavirira kukwanisa gradient yematope akasiyana-siyana zvose zvakakosha (P <0.05) .The redox mikana yekuburuka, pakati-kutsetseka uye kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakakosha (P
Soil resistivity indekisi inoratidza conductivity yemagetsi uye inokosha parameter yekutonga ivhu corrosion.Zvikonzero zvinokanganisa ivhu rekudzivirira zvinosanganisira hunyoro, huwandu hwemunyu hunonyunguduka, pH, kugadzirwa kwevhu, tembiricha, organic matter content, ivhu tembiricha, uye tightness.Kazhinji kutaura, ivhu rine low resistivity rinowedzera corrosion, and vice versa.Kushandisa commonly soluble salt content, pH, ivhu texture, tembiricha, organic matter content, ivhu tembiricha, and tightness. giredhi yekuongorora maitiro kune imwe neimwe index37,38.
Zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuyedzwa uye zviyero munyika yangu (Table 1), kana corrosive yevhu ichiongororwa chete nekudzivirira kwevhu, ivhu riri pamawere ekumusoro rinoora zvakanyanya;ivhu riri pamateru ekudzika rinoita ngura zvine mwero;iyo ivhu corrosiveness iri pakati nepakati uye kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakaderera kuderera.
The ivhu resistivity of the uphill slope yakadzikira zvakanyanya pane yezvimwe zvikamu zvemateru, izvo zvingave zvichikonzerwa nekukukurwa kwemvura.Ivhu repamusoro riri paupslope rinoyerera richienda kumawere epakati nemvura, zvekuti upslope metal slope protection net is close to the topsoil.Dzimwe dzesimbi meshes dzakapimwa dzakaiswa pachena uye suspended mumhepo.mirwi yakaparadzana yaiva 3m;murwi wekutyaira wakadzika waiva pasi pe 15cm.Bare metal mesh uye peeling rust inogona kupindira nemigumisiro yekuyera.Naizvozvo, hazvivimbiki kuongorora kuora kwevhu chete nevhu rekudzivirira index.Mukuongorora kwakazara kwekuora, ivhu rekudzivirira reupslope harifungi.
Nekuda kwehunyoro hwepamusoro, mhepo inonyorova isingaperi munzvimbo yeSichuan inokonzera kuti mesh yesimbi iri kumhepo iparare zvakanyanya kupfuura mesh yesimbi yakavigwa muvhu39. Panguva imwecheteyo, kukura kwechirimwa kunogonawo kuvandudza kunaka kwevhu uye kuwedzera zvinyorwa zve humus muvhu, izvo zvisingagoni kuchengetedza mvura chete, asiwo zvinopa nzvimbo yakanaka yekukura nekubereka kwemhuka nemiti, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwevhu. Naizvozvo, mukutanga kwekuvaka, mhodzi dzakawanda dzehuni dzinofanira kudyarwa pakakwirira, uye mvura inochengetedza mvura inofanira kuvharwa nguva dzose kuitira kuti ivhu rirambe rakafukidzwa nemvura inonaya. mvura.
Izvo zvinogona kukanganisa chinhu chinokosha chinokanganisa kuparara kwemambure ekudzivirira kutsetsereka pamateru matatu-level, uye ine simba guru pamateru ekukwira (Table Tafura 2) .Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, simba rekuora harishanduki zvakanyanya munharaunda yakapiwa.Kuchinja kunoonekwa kunogona kukonzerwa nemhepo yakarasika.Sray currents mumhepo yepakati, 40 24 mugwagwa wezvino uno, motokari ye402be inoreva kune ivhu. s kushandisa hurongwa hwekutakura vanhu.Nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekufambisa, nzira yekufambisa njanji yenyika yangu yakawana magetsi makuru, uye kuparara kwesimbi yakavigwa inokonzerwa nekudonha kwezvino kubva kune njanji ine magetsi haigoni kufuratirwa.Parizvino, ivhu rinogona kushandiswa gradient rinogona kushandiswa kuona kana ivhu riine kutsauka kwevhu pane 5m stray pamusoro pezvino zvinokanganisa. yakaderera;apo iyo inogona gradient iri pakati pe 0.5 mv/m kusvika 5.0 mv/m, inorasika ikozvino iri pakati;kana iyo inogona gradient yakakura kupfuura 5.0 mv/m, nhanho yemazuva ano yakakwira.Kuyerera kweiyo inokwanisa gradient (EW) yepakati-yakatenuka, kukwira-kudzika uye kudzika-kudzika kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.Panyaya yeinoyangarara, kune iri pakati nepakati inorasika mafambiro ari pakati pemaodzanyemba-mavirira, akakosha enzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. kukanganisa kukoromoka kwesimbi meshes pakati-pamateru uye pasi-pamateru, kunyanya pakati pemateru.
Kazhinji, ivhu redox simba (Eh) pamusoro pe400 mV rinoratidza kukwanisa oxidizing, pamusoro pe 0-200 mV inyanzvi yepakati yekudzikisa, uye pasi pe0 mV ihombe yekuderedza kukwanisa.Iyo yakaderera ivhu redox simba, hukuru hwekuora kwehutachiwana hwevhu kusvika kune metals44.Zvinokwanisika kufanotaura maitiro ekugadzirisa kwevhu retatu redox redox. materu akanga akakura kudarika 500 mv, uye chiyero chekuora chakanga chiri chiduku zvikuru.Inoratidza kuti mamiriro emhepo yemhepo yevhu yevhu rakatsetseka yakanaka, iyo isingaiti kune kuora kweanaerobic microorganisms muvhu.
Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaona kuti kukanganiswa kwevhu pH pakukurwa kwevhu kuri pachena.Nekushanduka kwepH kukosha, chiyero chekuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi zvinonyanya kukanganiswa.Ivhu pH yakanyatsobatana nenzvimbo uye ma microorganisms ari muvhu45,46,47.Kazhinji kutaura, kuitika kwevhu pH pakuora kwezvinhu zvesimbi mune zvishoma zvishoma. yepH pakuora kwesimbi mesh haina simba.
Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva kuTable 3, kuongororwa kwekugadzirisa kunoratidza kuti redox inogona kuitika uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka (R2 = 0.858), iyo inogona kuparara uye inogona kuitika (SN) yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka (R2 = 0.755), uye redox inogona uye iyo inogona kuita zvakanaka (SN 50) zvakanyanya (R2 = 0.755).Ikoko kwakanga kune kuwirirana kwakashata kwakakosha pakati pezvinogona uye pH (R2 = -0.724) .Nzvimbo yakatsetseka yakanyatsobatanidzwa zvakanaka nekugadzirisa redox.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kune misiyano mu microenvironment yenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemawere, uye ma microorganisms evhu ane hukama hwepedyo ne redox potential48, 49, 50.Iyi hukama husina kunaka hwe50 pH, 50. tsika hadzina kugara dzichichinja panguva yeivhu redox, asi dzaive nehukama husina kunaka. Metal corrosion potential inogona kumiririra kugona kuwana nekurasikirwa nemaerekitironi.Kunyange zvazvo kugona kwekuora kwakabatana zvakanyanya neinogoneka gradient (SN), iyo inogoneka gradient inogona kukonzerwa nekurasikirwa kuri nyore kwemaerekitironi nesimbi.
Ivhu rakazara soluble munyu zvine hukama zvakanyanya nevhu corrosivity.Kazhinji kutaura, iyo yakakwirira ivhu salinity, yakaderera ivhu resistivity, nokudaro kuwedzera ivhu kuramba.In ivhu electrolytes, kwete chete anions uye zvakasiyana-siyana siyana, asiwo ngura pesvedzero anonyanya carbonates, chlorides uye sulfates.Mukuwedzera, ivhu rinonyunguduka sulfate rinokanganisa mhedzisiro yeivhu inonyungudika ye electrolyde, iyo inonyungudika munyu. zvinogona musimbi uye ivhu kunyungudika kweokisijeni53.
Zvizhinji soluble munyu-dissociated ions muvhu regai zvakananga kubatanidzwa electrochemical reactions, asi kukanganisa simbi ngura kuburikidza ivhu resistivity.The yakakwirira ivhu salinity, simba ivhu conductivity uye simba ivhu erosion.The ivhu salinity kugutsikana dzinongoitika materu zvikuru akakwirira kupfuura kuti njanji materu, izvo zvingava nokuda kwokuti vakapfuma ivhu uye conservciation kuti vapfumi vevhu uye conservciation. .Chimwe chikonzero chinogona kunge chiri chekuti kutsetseka kwechisikigo kwakasangana nekugadzirwa kwevhu rakakura (ivhu revabereki rinoumbwa nematombo emamiriro ekunze), asi njanji yakatsetseka ivhu inoumbwa nematombo akapwanyika zvidimbu sematrix ye "artificial ivhu", uye haasati aita nzira yakakwana yekugadzira ivhu.Zvicherwa hazvina kuburitswa.Kuwedzera, maion emunyu muvhu rakadzika rematsetse echisikigo akasimuka kuburikidza necapillary action panguva yekuputika kwepamusoro uye akaunganidzwa muvhu repamusoro, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hweiyoni yemunyu muvhu repamusoro.Kukora kwevhu kwechitima chenjanji hakusviki masendimita makumi maviri, zvichikonzera kusakwanisa kwevhu repamusoro kubva muvhu remunyu kusvika pakuwedzera.
Positive ions (zvakadai seK+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, etc.) hazvina zvazvinoita pakuora kwevhu, nepo anions ichiita basa rinokosha mukugadzirwa kwe electrochemical yekuora uye ine simba rakakura pakuora kwesimbi.iyo yakakwirira yeCl− content, iyo yakasimba yevhu corrosion.SO42− haingosimudziri kuora kwesimbi chete, asiwo inokonzera kuora mune zvimwe zvinhu zvekongiri54. Uyewo inopedza iron.Mukutevedzana kwekuedza kwevhu reasidhi, chiyero chekuora kwakawanikwa kuenzana nevhu acidity55.Chloride ndiyo inogadziriswa nemunyu wesalt sulctation, calicrate inokonzera uye sulcceleti yemunyu. simbi.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kuora uremu kurasikirwa kwekabhoni simbi muvhu yealkaline inenge yakaenzana nekuwedzera kwe chloride uye sulfate ions56,57.Lee et al.yakaona kuti SO42- inogona kutadzisa corrosion, asi inosimudzira kuvandudzwa kwemakomba ekuora akatoumba58.
Maererano nechiyero chekuongorora kwevhu uye mhedzisiro yebvunzo, iyo chloride ion yemukati mune yega yega sampu yevhu yakatenuka yaive pamusoro pe100 mg/kg, zvichiratidza kuora kwevhu kwakasimba.Iyoni yesulfate yekukwira nekudzika kwemateru yaive pamusoro pe200 mg/kg uye pasi pe500 mg/kg. pe yakaderera kupfuura 200mg / kg, uye ivhu rakasvibiswa harina simba.Apo ivhu revhu rine huwandu hwepamusoro, huchabatanidzwa mukugadzirisa uye kuburitsa chiyero chekuora pamusoro pepamusoro pesimbi electrode, zvichiita kuti zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedzwa kwemarara.sezvo kusungirirwa kunoramba kuchiwedzera, chiyero chekuora chinovhara pamusoro pesimbi ye electrode, uye chiyero chekuora chinoratidza kunonoka kwemaitiro zvakare59.Chidzidzo chacho chakawana kuti huwandu huri muvhu hwakanga hwakaderera uye naizvozvo hwakanga husina simba pakuora.
Maererano neTable 4, kuwirirana pakati pemateru uye anions yevhu kwakaratidza kuti pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakanaka pakati peslope uye chloride ions (R2 = 0.836), uye kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati pemateru uye yakazara soluble salts (R2 = 0.742).
Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kuyerera kwepasi uye kukukurwa kwevhu kunogona kukonzera shanduko mumunyu unonyungudika muvhu. Pakave nekuwirirana kwakanaka pakati pemunyu unonyungudika wese neiyo chloride ions, izvo zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nekuti munyu wese unonyungudika ndiro dziva reiyo chloride ion, uye zviri mumunyu unonyungudika unoona zviri mukati mechloride inokonzeresa muvhu. chikamu chesimbi mesh.
Organic matter, nitrogen yakazara, nitrogen inowanika, phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanika ndiyo yakakosha kudya kwevhu, iyo inokanganisa hutano hwevhu uye kutorwa kwezvokudya nemidzi.Ivhu rekudya chinhu chinokosha chinokanganisa ma microorganisms muvhu, saka zvakakodzera kudzidza kana pane kuwirirana pakati pevhu rekudya uye simbi corrosion.The Suirtilway was 303ficial inoreva kuti Railway akapedza ivhu. makore ekuunganidza zvinhu zvakasvibirira.Nekuda kwekusiyana kwevhu rakagadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwekudya muvhu rakagadzirwa.
Tsvakurudzo inoratidza kuti organic matter content ndiyo yepamusoro-soro muvhu rakatsetseka mushure mekugadzirwa kwevhu rose.The low-slope ivhu organic matter content yaiva yakaderera.Nekuda kwesimba remamiriro ekunze uye pamusoro pemvura inoyerera, kudya kwevhu kuchaungana pakati pe-slope uye pasi-slope, kuumba gobvu rakatsetseka rehus. Organisms.Ongororo yakawana kuti kuvharwa kwezvinomera pakati nepakati uye pasi-pasi uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanga zvakakwirira, asi homogeneity yakanga yakaderera, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kugovera kusina kuenzana kwekudya kwepamusoro.Nhamba yakakora yehumus inobata mvura uye zvipenyu zvevhu zvinoshanda.Zvese izvi zvinokurumidzisa kuparara kweorganic matter muvhu.
The alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content of the up-slope, middle-slope and down-slope railways was high than the natural slope, zvichiratidza kuti organic nitrogen mineralization rate of railway slope was too much than that of the natural slope.Iyo diki zvidimbu, iyo inonyanya kugadzikana iyo ivhu rinoita kuti ivhu rive nyore, inorgism uye deorgism, iyo ivhu rinoita kuti ivhu rive nyore kugadzika, kugadzirwa kwe microorganism. the great the pool of mineralized organic nitrogen60,61. Zvichienderana nemigumisiro yechidzidzo 62, zviri mukati mezvimedu zviduku zvakaunganidzwa muvhu rematsetse enjanji zvakanga zvakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura izvo zvakatenuka zvakasikwa.Naizvozvo, matanho akakodzera anofanira kutorwa kuwedzera zviri mukati mefetireza, organic matter uye nitrogen muvhu renjanji, uye phosphorus yaivapo kuti ivandudze njanji. potasium yakakonzerwa nekuyerera kwepasi yakaita 77.27% kusvika 99.79% yekurasikirwa kwese kwechitima chenjanji.Kumhanya kwepamusoro kunogona kunge kuri mutyairi mukuru wekurasikirwa kwekudya kunowanika muivhu rakatenuka63,64,65.
Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhu 4, pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakakosha pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye phosphorus inowanikwa (R2 = 0.948), uye kuwirirana pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye potassium inowanika yakanga yakafanana (R2 = 0.898) .Inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yakatsetseka inobata zvinyorwa zve phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanikwa muvhu.
Gradient chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa ivhu organic matter uye nitrogen enrichment66, uye iyo diki giredhi, yakakura yekupfumisa mwero.Pakuti ivhu riwedzere hupfumi, kurasikirwa kwekudya kwakaderedzwa, uye mhedzisiro yenzvimbo yemateru pane ivhu organic zvinhu uye yakazara nitrogen kupfumisa yakanga isiri pachena.Marudzi akasiyana uye nhamba dzezvinomera pane zvakasiyana-siyana midzi yeasidhi inogadziriswa neasidhi yakasiyana-siyana. yephosphorus inowanika uye potassium inowanika muvhu.Naizvozvo, pakanga pane kuwirirana kukuru pakati penzvimbo yakatsetseka uye phosphorus inowanikwa, uye nzvimbo yakatsetseka uye potassium inowanika.
Kuti ujekese hukama huripo pakati pezvokudya zvevhu uye kuparara kwevhu, zvakakosha kuongorora kuwirirana.Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhu 5, redox inogona kunge yakashata zvakanyanya neiyo nitrogen inowanikwa (R2 = -0.845) uye yakanyatsobatanidzwa nephosphorus inowanikwa (R2 = 0.842) uye inowanikwa potassium.9 Dox yehutano inotaridzirwa, iyo 9dox yehutano inowanzobatwa = 0.842 potassium. zvimwe zvinhu zvemuviri uye zvemakemikari zvevhu, uye zvino zvinokanganisa mutsara wezvinhu zvevhu.Naizvozvo, chinhu chinokosha pakusarudza nzira yekushandura kwevhu redox67.Unhu hwakasiyana hweredox hunogona kukonzera nyika dzakasiyana-siyana uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvinovaka muviri.Naizvozvo, simba redox rine kuwirirana kwakakosha ne nitrogen inowanikwa, phosphorus inowanikwa uye potassium inowanikwa.
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvesimbi, ngura inokonzeresa ine chekuita nevhu.Kuita ngura kwakabatana zvakanyanya neorganic, zvichiratidza kuti organic zvinhu zvine chekuita nekuora.Pamusoro peizvi, organic matter yaivewo yakashata zvakanyanya neinogoneka gradient (SN) (R2 = -0.713) uye sulfate ion inobata (R61 = organic content. sulfate ion..Pakanga pane kuwirirana kwakashata pakati pevhu pH uye potassium inowanikwa (R2 = -0.728).
Nitrojeni yaiwanika yakanga yakabatana zvakanyanya nesalt soluble salts uye chloride ions, uye phosphorus iripo uye potassium yaivapo yakanga yakanyatsobatanidzwa nesalt soluble salts uye ion chloride. inechekuita ne sulfate ion, uye yakanyatsoenderana nebicarbonate, zvichiratidza kuti nitrogen yese yaive nemhedzisiro pane zviri musulfate nebicarbonate.Miti haina kudiwa kweiyo sulfate ion nemabicarbonate ions, saka mazhinji acho haasunungurwe muvhu kana kutorwa nevhu colloids.Bicarbonate ions inofarira kuunganidzwa kwenitrogen, uye kuderedza kuwanda kwenitrogen kwevhu. , kuwedzera zvakakodzera zviri munitrogen uye humus zviri muvhu zvinobatsira kuderedza kuora kwevhu.
Ivhu (Soil is a system with complex composition and properties).Ivhu corrosivity mhedzisiro ye synergistic chiito chezvikonzero zvakawanda.Naizvozvo, nzira yekuongorora yakazara inowanzoshandiswa kuongorora kukora kwevhu.Nekureva nezve "Code yeGeotechnical Engineering Investigation" (GB50021-94) uye nzira dzekuyedza dzeChina Soil Corrosion Test Network, giredhi rekuora kwevhu rinogona kuongororwa zvizere zvinoenderana neiyo corrosion , chiyero chinotevera, corrosion : hapana ngura ine mwero kana ngura yakasimba;(2) kana pasina ngura yakasimba, inoongororwa seyakaorera ine mwero;(3) kana paine nzvimbo imwe kana mbiri dzine ngura yakasimba, inotariswa sendara yakasimba;(4) kana paine 3 kana kupfuura nzvimbo dzine ngura yakasimba, inoongororwa seyakagwinya yakasimba yekuora kwakanyanya.
Zvinoenderana nevhu rekudzivirira, redox kugona, zvemukati memvura, munyu, pH kukosha, uye Cl- uye SO42- content, magiredhi ekuora kwemasampu evhu pamateru akasiyana akaongororwa zvakanyanya.
Corrosion potential chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukoromoka kwemambure ekudzivirira.Kuita ngura kwemateru matatu ese akadzikira pane -200 mv, iyo ine simba guru pakuora kwemesh yesimbi inokwira.Inogona kushandiswa kutonga ukuru hwezvinorasika zvino muvhu.Sraying yesimbi inokwira inokanganisa kukwira kwechikomo. materu, kunyanya pamateru epakati.Munyu wose unonyungudika muvhu rekumusoro, repakati nepasi pemateru aiva pamusoro pe500 mg/kg, uye kuora kwaiita mambure ekudzivirira kutsetseka kwainge kuri pakati nepakati.Mvura yevhu chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa kukoromoka kwesimbi meshes pamateru uye muteremu mukuru wepakati pemuteru uye pasi. .Nutrients inonyanya kuwanda pakati pevhu rakatsetseka, zvichiratidza kuti kune nguva zhinji zviitiko zvehutachiona uye kukurumidza kukura kwechirimwa.
Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti corrosion inogona kuita, inogona kunyungudika, yakazara soluble munyu uye zviri mukati memvura ndizvo zvinonyanya kukanganisa kukora kwevhu pamateru matatu, uye kukora kwevhu kunoongororwa sekusimba.Kuora kwenzvimbo yekudzivirira kwemateru ndiko kwakanyanya kuderera pakati pemateru, izvo zvinopa referensi yeanti-corrosion organic network ye nitrogen dhizaini. er inobatsira kuderedza kuora kwevhu, kufambisa kukura kwechirimwa, uye pakupedzisira kudzikamisa materu.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-04-2022