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Nzvimbo yehutano yakasvibiswa inoita basa rinokosha mukupararira kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana (MDR) uye C. difficile.Chinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaiva chekuongorora kushanda kweozone inogadzirwa ne dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor pane chiito che vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Antibacterial effects with different materials.Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) uye Clostridium difficile spores.Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasvibiswa neVRE, CRE, CRPA, CRAB uye C. difficile spores zvakabatwa neozone panguva dzakasiyana-siyana uye nguva dzekutsvaga.Atomic force microscopy (AFM) yakaratidza kushandurwa kwepamusoro kwebhakitiriya mushure mekurapa ozone.Pakaiswa muyero we500 ppm ozone kuVRE neCRAB kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu, kuderera kweanenge 2 kana kupfuura log10 kwakaonekwa musimbi isina tsvina, machira uye huni, uye kuderera kwe1-2 log10 kwakaonekwa mugirazi nepurasitiki.C. difficile spores yakawanikwa ichinyanya kupikisa ozone kupfuura zvimwe zvipenyu zvose zvakaedzwa.PaAFM, mushure mekurapwa neozone, masero ebhakitiriya akazvimba uye akaremara.Iyo ozone inogadzirwa neDBD Plasma Reactor chishandiso chiri nyore uye chakakosha chekubvisa tsvina cheMDRO neC. difficile spores, icho chinozivikanwa kuva utachiona hwakajairika hwehutachiona hunoenderana neutano.
Kubuda kwezvipembenene zvinodzivirira mishonga yakawanda (MDR) kunokonzerwa nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya muvanhu nemhuka uye yakaonekwa neWorld Health Organization (WHO) sekutyisidzira kukuru kune hutano hwevanhu1.Kunyanya, masangano ehutano ari kuwedzera kutarisana nekubuda uye kupararira kweMROs.MaMRO makuru ndeye methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus uye vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE), yakawedzera-spectrum beta-lactamase-inogadzira enterobacteria (ESBL), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant enterococcus (VRE), yakawedzera-spectrum beta-lactamase-inobudisa enterobacteria (ESBL), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, multidrug-resistant AcinetobacterCrosistance, carteru-resistantiCresistance Acinetobacter.Pamusoro pezvo, hutachiona hweClostridium difficile ndiyo inotungamira honzeri yehutano-inosanganisirwa manyoka, ichiisa mutoro wakakura pahutano hwehutano.MDRO neC. difficile zvinotapurirwa kuburikidza nemaoko evashandi vehutano, nharaunda dzakasvibiswa, kana zvakananga kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu.Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi zvakaratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa muhutano hwehutano hunoita basa rinokosha mukutapurirwa kwe MDRO neC. difficile apo vashandi vehutano (HCWs) vanosangana nenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa kana apo varwere vanosangana zvakananga nepamusoro pezvakasvibiswa 3,4.nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa muhutano hwehutano hunoderedza kuitika kweMLRO uye C. difficile utachiona kana colonization5,6,7.Tichifunga nezve kushushikana kwepasirese pamusoro pekukwira kweantimicrobial kuramba, zviri pachena kuti tsvakiridzo yakawanda inodiwa pamitoo uye maitiro ekubvisa hutachiona muzvirongwa zvehutano.Munguva ichangopfuura, nzira dzisiri dzekupedzisira dzekuchenesa, kunyanya ultraviolet (UV) zvishandiso kana hydrogen peroxide masisitimu, dzakaonekwa senzira dzinovimbisa dzekubvisa tsvina.Nekudaro, izvi zvinotengeswa UV kana hydrogen peroxide zvishandiso hazvingodhure, UV disinfection inongoshanda panzvimbo yakavhurika, nepo hydrogen peroxide plasma disinfection inoda nguva yakati rebei yekubvisa hutachiona pamberi peiyo inotevera disinfection cycle5.
Ozone inoziva anti-corrosion properties uye inogona kugadzirwa zvisingadhure8.Iyo inozivikanwawo kuva ine chepfu kuhutano hwevanhu, asi inogona kukurumidza kuora ikava oxygen 8. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactors ndiwo anonyanya kuzivikanwa neozone generator9.DBD midziyo inokubvumira kuti ugadzire yakaderera-tembiricha plasma mumhepo uye kugadzira ozone.Kusvika ikozvino, kushandiswa kunoshanda kweozone kwave kwakanyanya kuganhurirwa kune disinfection yemvura yekushambira, mvura yekunwa uye sewage10.Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakashuma kushandiswa kwayo muhutano hwehutano8,11.
Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa compact DBD plasma ozone jenareta kuratidza kushanda kwayo mukubvisa MDRO uye C. difficile, kunyange iyo inoculated pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanzoshandiswa muhutano hwehutano.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo ozone sterilization process yakajekeswa uchishandisa atomic force microscopy (AFM) mifananidzo yemasero akabatwa neozone.
Matambudziko akawanikwa kubva kumakiriniki akasarudzika e: VRE (SCH 479 uye SCH 637), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE; SCH CRE-14 uye DKA-1), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA; 54 uye 83) resi bacteria-carbapenem.utachiona Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA; 54 uye 83).inopikisa Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB; F2487 uye SCH-511).C. difficile yakawanikwa kubva kuNational Pathogen Culture Collection (NCCP 11840) yeKorea Agency for Disease Control and Prevention.Yakave yakasarudzika kubva kumurwere muSouth Korea muna 2019 uye yakawanikwa iri yeST15 ichishandisa multilocus sequence typing.Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth (BD, Sparks, MD, USA) inoculated neVRE, CRE, CRPA uye CRAB yakasanganiswa zvakanaka uye yakavharwa pa 37 ° C. kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.
C. difficile akaiswa mitsetse yeanaerobically pablood agar kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.Makoroni akati wandei akabva awedzerwa ku5 ml yeuropi moyo muto uye akaiswa pasi peanaerobic mamiriro kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere.Mushure meizvi, tsika yakazununguswa, 5 ml ye 95% ethanol yakawedzerwa, yakazununguswa zvakare uye yakasiiwa pakushambidzika kwemaminetsi makumi matatu.Mushure me centrifugation pa 3000 g kwemaminetsi makumi maviri, bvisa supernatant uye kumisa pellet ine spores uye yakauraya mabhakitiriya mu 0.3 ml yemvura.Maseru anogoneka akaverengerwa nespiral seed yebhakitiriya sero kumiswa pamahwendefa eropa agar mushure mekunatswa kwakakodzera.Gram staining yakasimbisa kuti 85% kusvika 90% yezvimiro zvebhakitiriya aive spores.
Ongororo inotevera yakaitwa kuongorora mhedzisiro yeozone semushonga wekuuraya utachiona panzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakasvibiswa neMDRO neC. difficile spores, izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinokonzeresa hutachiona hunoenderana neutano.Gadzirira sampuli dzesimbi isina tsvina, jira (donje), girazi, purasitiki (acrylic), nehuni (pine) inoyera sendimita imwe neimwe centimita.Disinfect makuponi usati washandisa.Yese samples yakavharwa ne autoclaving isati yatapukirwa nebhakitiriya.
Muchidzidzo ichi, masero ebhakitiriya akapararira panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dze substrate pamwe chete nemahwendefa eagar.Iwo mapaneru anobva aitwa sterilized nekuaisa kune ozone kweimwe nguva yenguva uye pane imwe fungidziro mukamuri yakavharwa.Pamusoro pemuonde.1 mufananidzo we ozone sterilization midziyo.DBD plasma reactors akagadzirwa nekubatanidza perforated uye akafumura Stainless simbi maelectrodes kumberi nekumashure kwe1 mm gobvu alumina (dielectric) mahwendefa.Kune ma electrode ane perforated, nzvimbo yekuvhura uye gomba yaive 3 mm uye 0.33 mm, zvichiteerana.Electrode imwe neimwe ine chimiro chakatenderera nehupamhi hwe 43 mm.A high voltage high frequency power supply (GBS Elektronik GmbH Minipuls 2.2) yakashandiswa kuisa sinusoidal voltage inosvika 8 kV peak kuti isvike pafrequency ye 12.5 kHz kuma electrode ane perforated kuti abudise plasma kumacheto emagetsi.perforated electrodes.Sezvo tekinoroji iri gasi sterilization nzira, sterilization inoitwa mukamuri yakakamurwa nevhoriyamu mumakamuri ekumusoro neakadzika, ane sampuli dzakasvibiswa nehutachiona uye majenareta eplasma, zvichiteerana.Iyo yepamusoro compartment ine mavharuvhu maviri ekubvisa uye vent yakasara ozone.Usati washandisa mukuyedza, shanduko yenguva yeiyo ozone mukamuri mushure mekubatidza kuisirwa kweplasma yakayerwa zvichienderana nekunyudza spectrum ye spectral line ye253.65 nm ye mercury rambi.
(a) Scheme yekuyedza kuseta yekuseta kwebhakitiriya pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uchishandisa ozone inogadzirwa muDBD plasma reactor, uye (b) ozone concentration uye plasma chizvarwa nguva mukamuri yesterilization.Mufananidzo wakagadzirwa uchishandisa OriginPro vhezheni 9.0 (OriginPro software, Northampton, MA, USA; https://www.originlab.com).
Kutanga, nekuita sterilizing masero ebhakitiriya akaiswa pamahwendefa eagar ane ozone, paanenge achishandura ozone concentration uye nguva yekurapa, iyo yakakodzera ozone concentration uye nguva yekurapa kwekusvibiswa kweMDRO uye C. difficile yakatemwa.Munguva yekuita sterilization, kamuri yacho inotanga kucheneswa nemhepo yakadzika uye yozozadzwa neozone nekubatidza plasma unit.Mushure mokunge sampuli dzave dzakabatwa ne ozone kwenguva yakafanotarirwa, pombi ye diaphragm inoshandiswa kubvisa ozone yakasara.Izvo zviyero zvakashandisa sampuli yeakakwana 24-awa tsika (~ 108 CFU/ml).Samples yekumisikidzwa kwemasero ebhakitiriya (20 μl) yakatanga kuderedzwa kagumi nesaline isina utachiona, uyezve aya masampula akagoverwa pamahwendefa eagar akaomeswa neozone mukamuri.Mushure maizvozvi, masampuli akadzokororwa, anosanganisira masampuli akazarurwa uye asina kuratidzwa kune ozone, akaiswa pa 37 ° C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana uye akaverengera makoroni kuti aongorore kushanda kwesterilization.
Kupfuurirazve, maererano nemamiriro ekuita sterilization anotsanangurwa muchidzidzo chiri pamusoro apa, decontamination effect yeiyi tekinoroji paMDRO neC. difficile yakaongororwa pachishandiswa makuponi emhando dzakasiyana-siyana (stainless simbi, machira, girazi, plastiki uye huni makuponi) anowanzoshandiswa mumasangano ekurapa.Yakakwana 24 maawa tsika (~ 108 cfu / ml) yakashandiswa.Mienzaniso yebhakitiriya kumiswa kwesero (20 μl) yakanyungudutswa kagumi nesaline isina utachiona, uyezve makuponi ainyudzwa mumabroth aya akacheneswa kuti aone kusvibiswa.Mienzaniso yakabviswa mushure mekunyudzwa mumuto we dilution yakaiswa mumidziyo isina kuchena yePetri uye yakaomeswa pamhepo tembiricha kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.Isa petri dish lid pane sampuli uye unyatsoiisa muimba yekuedza.Bvisa chivharo kubva muPetri dish uye ratidza sampuli ku500 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.Sampuli dzekudzora dzakaiswa mubiological kuchengetedza kabhineti uye hadzina kuratidzwa kune ozone.Pakarepo mushure mekusangana neozone, masampuli uye asina-irradiated samples (kureva zvidzoreso) zvakasanganiswa nesaline isina utachiona uchishandisa vortex mixer kuparadzanisa mabhakitiriya kubva pamusoro.Iyo eluted kuturika yakaderedzwa serially ka10 ine sterile saline, mushure mezvo nhamba yebhakitiriya yakanyungudutswa yakatemwa pamahwendefa eropa agar (ye aerobic bacteria) kana anaerobic blood agar plates yeBrucella (yeClostridium difficile) uye akaiswa pa37 ° C kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.kana pasi pemamiriro eanaerobic kwemaawa 48 pa 37 ° C mu duplicate kuti aone kutanga kwekutanga kweinoculum.Musiyano wehuwandu hwebhakitiriya pakati pezvinodzora zvisina kuratidzwa uye masamples akafumurwa akaverengerwa kupa kudzikiswa kwerogi muhuwandu hwehutachiona (kureva, sterilization kunyatsoshanda) pasi pemamiriro ekuedzwa.
Biological masero anofanira kusafambiswa pane AFM imaging plate;saka, flat and uniformly rough mica disk ine roughness scale idiki pane sero size inoshandiswa se substrate.Iyo dhayamita uye ukobvu hwema diski aive 20 mm uye 0.21 mm, zvichiteerana.Kuti usimbise masero kumusoro, pamusoro pemica yakaputirwa nepoly-L-lysine (200 µl), ichiita kuti iite zvakanaka uye membrane yesero inopomerwa zvakaipa.Mushure mekuputira ne poly-L-lysine, mica disks yakashambidzwa katatu ne 1 ml deionized (DI) mvura uye mhepo yakaomeswa usiku hwose.Zvadaro, masero ebhakitiriya akaiswa kune mica pamusoro yakaputirwa nepoly-L-lysine kuburikidza nekuita dilute bacterial solution, yakasara kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, uye ipapo mica yakashambidzwa ne 1 ml yemvura yakasvibiswa.
Hafu yemasampuli yakabatwa neozone uye pamusoro morphology ye mica plates yakatakurwa neVRE, CRAB uye C. difficile spores yakaonekwa uchishandisa AFM (XE-7, park systems).Iyo AFM modhi yekushanda inoiswa kune yekutapa modhi, inova nzira yakajairika yekufungidzira biological masero.Mukuedza, microcantilever yakagadzirirwa isiri-contact mode (OMCL-AC160TS, OLYMPUS Microscopy) yakashandiswa.Mifananidzo yeAFM yakarekodhwa zvichibva pane probe scan rate ye0.5 Hz zvichikonzera kugadziriswa kwemufananidzo kwe2048 × 2048 pixels.
Kuti tione mamiriro ekuti DBD plasma reactors inoshanda pakuita sterilization, takaita ongororo dzakatevedzana tichishandisa zvese MDRO (VRE, CRE, CRPA, uye CRAB) neC.Pamusoro pemuonde.1b inoratidza iyo ozone yekumisikidza nguva curve kune yega yega bvunzo mamiriro mushure mekubatidza mudziyo weplasma.Iko kusungirirwa kwakawedzera logarithmically, ichisvika mazana matatu nemazana mashanu ppm mushure me1.5 uye 2.5 maminetsi, zvichiteerana.Kuongororwa kwekutanga neVRE kwakaratidza kuti hushoma hunodiwa kuti unyatso kusvibisa mabhakitiriya ndeye 300 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi gumi.Nokudaro, mukuedza kunotevera, MDRO neC. difficile zvakaratidzwa kune ozone pazvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana (300 uye 500 ppm) uye panguva mbiri dzakasiyana (10 uye 15 maminitsi).Kushanda kwesterilization kune imwe neimwe yeozone dose uye nguva yekuisa nguva yakaverengerwa uye yakaratidzwa muTebhu 1. Kusangana ne300 kana 500 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi 10-15 kwakaguma nekuderedza kwese kweVRE ye2 kana kupfuura log10.Iyi yepamusoro yekuuraya kwebhakitiriya neCRE yakawanikwa nemaminitsi gumi nemashanu ekuratidzwa kune 300 kana 500 ppm ozone. Kuderedzwa kwepamusoro muCRPA (> 7 log10) yakawanikwa nekuratidzwa kune 500 ppm ye ozone ye 15 min. Kuderedzwa kwepamusoro muCRPA (> 7 log10) yakawanikwa nekuratidzwa kune 500 ppm ye ozone ye 15 min. Высокое снижение CRPA (> 7 log10) было достигнуто при воздействии 500 частей на миллион озона в течение 15 минут. Kuderedzwa kwepamusoro muCRPA (> 7 log10) yakawanikwa nekuratidzwa kune 500 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.暴露于500 ppm 的臭氧15 分钟后，可大幅降低CRPA (> 7 log10).暴露于500 ppm 的臭氧15 分钟后，可大幅降低CRPA (> 7 log10). Существенное снижение CRPA (> 7 log10) после 15-минутного воздействия озона с концентрацией 500 ppm. Kuderera kwakakosha muCRPA (> 7 log10) mushure memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kuratidzwa kune 500 ppm ozone.Kuuraya kusingakodzeri mabhakitiriya eCRAB pa300 ppm ozone; zvisinei, pa500 ppm ozone, pakanga pane> 1.5 log10 kuderedza. zvisinei, pa500 ppm ozone, pakanga pane> 1.5 log10 kuderedza. однако при концентрации озона 500 частей на миллион наблюдалось снижение > 1,5 log10. zvisinei, pane ozone concentration ye500 ppm, kuderera kwe> 1.5 log10 kwakaonekwa.然而，在500 ppm 臭氧下，减少了> 1.5 log10.然而，在500 ppm 臭氧下，减少了> 1.5 log10. Однако при концентрации озона 500 частей на миллион наблюдалось снижение >1,5 log10. Zvisinei, pane ozone concentration ye500 ppm, kuderera kwe> 1.5 log10 kwakaonekwa. Kufumura C. difficile spores ku300 kana 500 ppm ozone kwakakonzera kuderedzwa > 2.5 log10. Kufumura C. difficile spores ku300 kana 500 ppm ozone kwakakonzera kuderedzwa > 2.5 log10. Воздействие на споры C. difficile озона с концентрацией 300 или 500 частей на миллион приводило к снижению > 2,5 log10. Kuratidzwa kweC. difficile spores kune 300 kana 500 ppm ozone yakakonzera > 2.5 log10 kuderedza.将艰难梭菌孢子暴露于300 或500 ppm的臭氧中导致> 2.5 log10 减少. 300 或500 ppm 的臭氧中导致> 2.5 log10 减少。 C. difficile озона с концентрацией 300 или 500 частей на миллион приводило к снижению >2,5 log10. Kuratidzwa kweC. difficile spores kune 300 kana 500 ppm ozone yakakonzera > 2.5 log10 kuderedza.
Kubva pane zviedzo zviri pamusoro, chinodikanwa chakakwana chakawanikwa kusaita mabhakitiriya pachiyero che500 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.VRE, CRAB uye C. difficile spores yakaedzwa kuti iite germicidal effect ye ozone pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira simbi isina tsvina, machira, girazi, plastiki uye huni hunowanzoshandiswa muzvipatara.Kushanda kwavo kwesterilization kunoratidzwa muTebhu 2. Zvisikwa zvekuedza zvakaongororwa kaviri.MuVRE neCRAB, ozone yakanga isinganyanyi kushanda pagirazi nepurasitiki, kunyange zvazvo log10 yakaderedzwa yeinenge 2 kana kupfuura yakaonekwa pasimbi isina tsvina, machira uye huni.C. difficile spores yakawanikwa ichinyanya kupikisa kurapwa kweozone kupfuura zvimwe zvipenyu zvose zvakaedzwa.Kuti udzidze nenhamba mhedzisiro yeozone pamhedzisiro yekuuraya yezvinhu zvakasiyana zvinopesana neVRE, CRAB, uye C. difficile, t-bvunzo yakashandiswa kuenzanisa misiyano pakati pehuwandu hweCFU pamillilita mukutonga uye mapoka ekuedza pazvinhu zvakasiyana (Fig. 2).strains yakaratidza kusiyana kwakakosha kwenhamba, asi misiyano yakakosha yakaonekwa yeVRE neCRAB spores pane yeC. difficile spores.
Scatterplot yemigumisiro ye ozone pakuuraya kwebhakitiriya kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (a) VRE, (b) CRAB, uye (c) C. difficile.
AFM imaging yakaitwa paozone-yakagadziriswa uye isina kubatwa VRE, CRAB, uye C. difficile spores kuti idzidze zvakadzama ozone gas sterilization process.Pamusoro pemuonde.3a, c uye e kuratidza AFM mifananidzo yeVRE isina kurapwa, CRAB uye C. difficile spores, maererano.Sezvinoonekwa mumifananidzo ye3D, maseru akatsetseka uye akasimba.Mifananidzo 3b, d uye f inoratidza VRE, CRAB uye C. difficile spores mushure mekurapa ozone.Havana kungodzikira muhukuru hwese kwese masero akaedzwa, asi nzvimbo yavo yakave yakawedzera kushata mushure mekusangana neozone.
AFM mifananidzo yeVRE, MRAB uye C. difficile spores (a, c, e) uye (b, d, f) inobatwa ne 500 ppm ozone ye15 min.Mifananidzo yakadhirowa pachishandiswa Park Systems XEI vhezheni 5.1.6 (XEI Software, Suwon, Korea; https://www.parksystems.com/102-products/park-xe-bio).
Tsvagiridzo yedu inoratidza kuti ozone inogadzirwa nemidziyo yeplasma yeDBD inoratidza kugona kusvibisa MDRO neC. difficile spores, izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti ndizvo zvikonzero zvikuru zvezvirwere zvine chekuita nehutano.Pamusoro pezvo, muchidzidzo chedu, tichifunga kuti kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza neMDRO uye C. difficile spores kunogona kuva tsime rezvirwere zvine chokuita neutano, germicidal effect ye ozone yakawanikwa ichibudirira kune zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvipatara.Decontamination tests yakaitwa pachishandiswa DBD plasma midziyo mushure mekusvibiswa kwekugadzira kwezvinhu zvakadai sesimbi isina tsvina, jira, girazi, plastiki uye huni ine MDRO uye C. difficile spores.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kunyangwe iyo decontamination mhedzisiro inosiyana zvichienderana nechinhu, iyo decontamination kugona kweozone kunoshamisa.
Zvinhu zvinogarobatwa-batwa mumakamuri emuchipatara zvinoda muitiro, wakaderera-chikamu chekuuraya utachiona.Nzira yakajairwa yekusvibisa zvinhu zvakadaro ndeyekuchenesa kwemanyore neine disinfectant yemvura yakadai sequaternary ammonium compound 13. Kunyangwe nekunyatsoomerera kune zvinokurudzirwa zvekushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya utachiona, MPO yakaoma kubvisa nekuchenesa kwechinyakare kwezvakatipoteredza (kazhinji kacho kuchenesa)14.Naizvozvo, matekinoroji matsva anodiwa, senge nzira dzisiri dzekubatana.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kwave nekufarira mune gaseous disinfectants, kusanganisira hydrogen peroxide uye ozone10.Chakanakira chegasi disinfectants ndechekuti vanogona kusvika kunzvimbo uye zvinhu izvo zvechinyakare nzira dzemanyorero hazvigone kusvika.Hydrogen peroxide ichangobva kushandiswa muzvirongwa zvekurapa, zvisinei hydrogen peroxide pachayo ine muchetura uye inofanirwa kubatwa maererano nemabatiro akasimba.Plasma sterilization nehydrogen peroxide inoda nguva yakati rebei yekuchenesa isati yasvika kutenderera kunotevera.Kusiyana neizvi, ozone inoshanda seyakakura-spectrum antibacterial agent, inoshanda kurwisa mabhakitiriya uye mavhairasi anopokana kune mamwe ma disinfectants8,11,15.Pamusoro pezvo, ozone inogona kugadzirwa zvakachipa kubva kumhepo yemuchadenga uye haidi mamwe makemikari ane muchetura anogona kusiya tsoka inokuvadza munzvimbo, sezvo inozoputsika ichipinda muokisijeni.Zvisinei, chikonzero nei ozone isiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya semishonga inouraya utachiona ndeiyi inotevera.Ozone ine muchetura kuhutano hwevanhu, saka kusungirirwa kwayo hakupfuure 0.07 ppm paavhareji kweanopfuura maawa masere gumi nematanhatu, saka ozone sterilizers akagadzirwa uye akaiswa pamusika, kunyanya kuchenesa magesi emhepo.Izvo zvakare zvinogoneka kufemesa gasi uye kugadzira kunhuhwirira kusingafadzi mushure mekusvibisa5,8.Ozone yakanga isingashandiswi zvakasimba mumasangano ezvokurapa.Zvisinei, ozone inogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka mumakamuri esterilization uye nemaitiro akakodzera emhepo, uye kubviswa kwayo kunogona kukurumidzirwa zvikuru nekushandisa catalytic converter.Muchidzidzo ichi, tinoratidza kuti plasma ozone sterilizer inogona kushandiswa kuuraya hutachiona munzvimbo dzehutano.Isu takagadzira mudziyo une hunyanzvi hwekuita sterilization, kushanda kuri nyore uye nekukurumidza sevhisi yevarwere vari muchipatara.Pamusoro pezvo, isu takagadzira yakapusa sterilization unit inoshandisa ambient air pasina muripo wekuwedzera.Kusvika pari zvino, hapana ruzivo rwakakwana pamusoro pezvishoma ozone zvinodiwa kuti MDRO inactivation.Midziyo inoshandiswa muchidzidzo chedu iri nyore kumisikidza uye ine nguva pfupi uye inotarisirwa kubatsira kuvharisa midziyo nguva nenguva.
Iyo nzira ye bactericidal action ye ozone haina kujeka zvachose.Tsvakurudzo dzinoverengeka dzakaratidza kuti ozone inokuvadza bhakitiriya masero membranes, zvichiita kuti intracellular leakage uye pakupedzisira sero lysis17,18.Ozone inogona kukanganisa cellular enzymatic chiitiko nekuita nemapoka etiol uye inogona kugadzirisa purine uye pyrimidine mabhesi mu nucleic acids.Ichi chidzidzo chakaona morphology yeVRE, CRAB, uye C. difficile spores isati yasvika uye mushure mekurapwa kwe ozone uye yakaona kuti haina kuderera chete muhukuru, asi yakave yakanyanya kuoma pamusoro pepamusoro, zvichiratidza kukanganisa kana kuora kwe membrane yekunze.uye zvinhu zvemukati nekuda kwe ozone gasi ine simba rakasimba re oxidizing.Kukuvadzwa uku kunogona kutungamirira kukusashanda kwesero, zvichienderana nekuoma kwekuchinja kwemasero.
C. difficile spores zvakaoma kubvisa mumakamuri echipatara.Maspores anoramba ari munzvimbo dzavanoteura 10,20.Mukuwedzera, muchidzidzo ichi, kunyange zvazvo iyo yakanyanya logarithmic 10-yakapetwa kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwebhakitiriya pamahwendefa eagar pa 500 ppm ozone kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu yaiva 2.73, bactericidal effect ye ozone pazvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine C spores .difficile yakaderedzwa.Nokudaro, nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinogona kutaridzirwa kuderedza C. difficile utachiona mumamiriro ehutano hwehutano.Kuti ishandiswe mumakamuri ega ega C. difficile chete, zvinogonawo kubatsira kugadzirisa nguva yekutarisana uye kusimba kwekurapa ozone.Mukuwedzera, tinofanira kuyeuka kuti iyo ozone decontamination nzira haigoni kutsiva zvachose kushandiswa kwebhuku rekuchenesa nemishonga inouraya utachiona uye antimicrobial mazano, uye inogonawo kubudirira zvikuru mukudzora C. difficile 5.Muchidzidzo ichi, kushanda kweozone semushonga wekuuraya utachiona kwakasiyana kune marudzi akasiyana eMPO.Kubudirira kunogona kutsamira pazvinhu zvakati wandei senge nhanho yekukura, sero madziro, uye kugona kwekugadzirisa nzira21,22.Chikonzero chekusiyana kwakasiyana sterilizing maitiro e ozone pamusoro pechinhu chimwe nechimwe chinogona kunge chiri nekuda kwekuumbwa kwebiofilm.Ongororo dzakapfuura dzakaratidza kuti E. faecium neE. faecium inowedzera kuramba kwezvakatipoteredza kana iripo sebiofilms23, 24, 25. Zvisinei, chidzidzo ichi chinoratidza kuti ozone ine utachiona hunokosha paMDRO uye C. difficile spores.
Mhedzisiro yekudzidza kwedu ndeyekuti isu takaongorora mhedzisiro yekuchengetwa kweozone mushure mekugadzirisa.Izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune overestimation yehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehutachiona masero.
Kunyangwe chidzidzo ichi chakaitwa kuti chiongorore kushanda kweozone semushonga wekuuraya utachiona munzvimbo yechipatara, zvakaoma kuburitsa mhedzisiro yedu kune ese chipatara marongero.Nekudaro, kumwe kutsvagisa kunodiwa kuti uongorore kushanda uye kuenderana kweiyi DBD ozone sterilizer munzvimbo chaiyo yechipatara.
Iyo ozone inogadzirwa neDBD plasma reactors inogona kunge iri nyore uye yakakosha decontamination agent yeMDRO neC. difficile.Saka, kurapwa kwe ozone kunogona kutorwa seimwe nzira inoshanda yekuuraya hutachiona hwenzvimbo yechipatara.
Iwo madhata akashandiswa uye/kana akaongororwa muchidzidzo chazvino anowanikwa kubva kuvanyori vakasiyana pakukumbira zvine musoro.
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