Mapombi anogona kupatsanurwa kuita mapaipi esimbi nemapombi asiri esimbi.Mapombi esimbi anopatsanurwazve kuita ferrous uye asiri ferrous type s, pamwe chete nepombi dzemhangura, mapaipi asina ferrous.Mapombi epurasitiki, pombi dzekongiri, pombi dzakaiswa mupurasitiki, pombi dzakaiswa magirazi, pombi dzakaiswa kongiri uye dzimwe pombi dzinokosha dzinogona kushandiswa pazvinangwa zvakakosha dzinodaidzwa kuti mapaipi asina simbi. Mapombi esimbi anopisa ndiwo mapaipi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yemagetsi;kabhoni simbi mapaipi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.ASTM uye ASME zviyero zvinotonga zvakasiyana-siyana zvepombi uye pombi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa muindasitiri yekugadzira.
Carbon steel ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa simbi muindasitiri, inoverengera inopfuura 90% yehuwandu hwekugadzirwa kwesimbi.Kubva pane kabhoni yemukati, kabhoni simbi inokamurwazve kuita mapoka matatu:
Mune simbi dzakasanganiswa, zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvealloying zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa (zvakavandudzwa) zvivakwa zvakaita seweldability, ductility, machinability, simba, kuomarara uye kuramba kwemarara, etc.Zvimwe zvezvinonyanya kushandiswa alloying zvinhu uye mabasa avo ndeaya anotevera:
Simbi isina tsvina isimbi yealloy ine chromium inokwana 10.5% (minimum) Simbi isina tsvina inoratidza kusingaite ngura kusagadzikana nekuda kwekugadzirwa kweiyo yakaonda kwazvo Cr2O3 layer pamusoro. chidimbu chaidiwa (kana kuvandudzwa) midziyo.Simbi isina simbi zvakare ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekabhoni, nesilicon uye manganese.Simbi isina tsvina inotsanangurwa zvakare se:
Pamusoro pemagiredhi ari pamusoro apa, mamwe mamakisi epamberi (kana akakosha mamakisi) simbi isina tsvina inoshandiswawo muindasitiri ndeiyi:
Midziyo yemidziyo ine kabhoni yakakura (0.5% kusvika 1.5%).Kabhoni yepamusoro inopa kuoma uye kusimba kwepamusoro.Simbi iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira maturusi uye molds.Simbi dzemidziyo dzine huwandu hwakasiyana-siyana hwetungsten, cobalt, molybdenum, uye vanadium kuti iwedzere kupisa kwesimbi uye kusakara pamwe nekusimba.Izvi zvinoita kuti maturusi ekuchera uye maturusi ave akanaka.
Mapombi aya anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira.ASTM neASME mazita epombi anotaridzika zvakasiyana, asi magiredhi emhando akafanana.Eg:
The material structure and properties on the ASME and ASTM codes are the same except for the name.Kusimba kwekusimba kweASTM A 106 Gr A i330 Mpa, ASTM A 106 Gr B i415 Mpa, uye ASTM A 106 Gr C ine 485 Mpa. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa carbon steel pombi iATM6 G0r A 60 ATM 0 ATM 6 ASTM 60 B. Mpa, ASTM A 53 (Hot Dip Galvanized or Line Pipe), iriwo giredhi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mucarbon steel pombi yepombi.ASTM A 53 pombi inowanikwa mumagiredhi maviri:
ASTM A 53 Pipe yakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu – Type E (ERW – Resistance Welded), Type F (Frnace and Butt Welded), Type S (Seamless).MuRudzi E, ese ASTM A 53 Gr A neASTM A 53 Gr B anowanikwa.MuRudzi F, ASTM A 53 Gr A chete iripo, apo muATM 3, ASTM 3 iripo, uye A53 Gr. kusimba kwekusimba kweASTM A 53 Gr A pombi yakafanana neASTM A 106 Gr A pa 330 Mpa. Simba rekusimba reASTM A 53 Gr B pombi yakafanana neASTM A 106 Gr B pa 415 Mpa. Izvi zvinovhara carbon steel grade pipes dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira.
Mapaipi esimbi anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira anonzi austenitic Stainless steels.Chinhu chakakosha che austenitic Stainless simbi ndechekuti haisi magineti kana paramagnetic.Matatu akakosha mataurirwo eaustenitic Stainless steels ndeaya:
Pane magiredhi 18 mune iyi tsanangudzo, iyo 304 L ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.Chikamu chakakurumbira i316 L nekuda kwekukwirira kwayo kwekuora.ASTM A 312 (ASME SA 312) yemapombi masendimita masere kana pasi pahupamhi. "L" pamwe chete negiredhi inoratidza kuti ine kabhoni yakaderera, iyo inovandudza pombi yedu.
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoshanda kumapaipi akaiswa dhayamita mahombe. Mapaipi akafukidzwa mune iyi rondedzero iSchedule 5S uye Chirongwa 10.
Weldability yeAustenitic Stainless Steels - Austenitic Stainless steels ine yakakwirira kupisa kwekuwedzera kupfuura ferritic kana martensitic Stainless steels.Nekuda kwepamusoro coefficient yekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kuderera kwekushisa conductivity ye austenitic Stainless steel, deformation kana warpage inogona kuitika panguva yekubatanidza. filler materials and welding procedures.Submerged arc welding (SAW) hazvikurudzirwi kana zvizere austenitic stainless steel kana low ferrite content welds zvichidiwa.Tafura (Appendix-1) igwara rekusarudza tambo yakakodzera yekuzadza kana electrode zvichienderana nehwaro zvinhu (yeaustenitic stainless steels).
Chromium molybdenum tubing inokodzera tambo dzetembiricha yepamusoro nekuti simba rekusimba rechrome molybdenum tubing rinoramba risingachinji panguva yekupisa kwakanyanya. Iyo chubhu inowana kushandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi, kupisa kupisa, nezvimwe zvakadaro. Iyo chubhu ndeyeASTM A 335 mumagiredhi akati wandei:
Mapombi esimbi anoshandiswa kudzima moto, dhiraivha, tsvina, basa rinorema (pasi pebasa rinorema) - pombi dzepasi pevhu nemamwe masevhisi.
Ductile iron mapaipi anoshandiswa mupasi pevhu pombi yemoto mabasa.Dürr pombi dzakaoma nekuda kwekuvapo kwesilicon.Mapombi aya anoshandiswa pakushambadzira asidhi sevhisi, sezvo giredhi rinoratidza kuramba kune inotengeswa asidhi, uye yekuchenesa mvura inoburitsa acid tsvina.
Nirmal Surendran Menon akagamuchira Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering kubva kuAnna University, Tamil Nadu, India muna 2005 uye Master of Science muProject Management kubva kuNational University of Singapore muna 2010. Ari muindasitiri yemafuta / gasi / petrochemical. Parizvino ari kushanda seinjiniya wemumunda pane LNG liquefaction project kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweLouisiana. .
Ashish ane dhigirii reBachelor muinjiniya uye ane makore anopfuura makumi maviri ekuita zvakawanda muinjiniya, vimbiso yemhando / yemhando yekudzora, dhigirii remupi / kutarisa, kutenga, kuongorora zviwanikwa zvekugadzira, welding, kugadzira, kuvaka uye subcontracting.
Oiri uye gasi kushandiswa kunowanzowanikwa munzvimbo dziri kure kure nehofisi yekambani.Zvino, zvinokwanisika kutarisa kushanda kwepombi, kuronga uye kuongorora data yekudengenyeka kwenyika, uye kutevera vashandi pasi rose kubva kunenge chero kupi zvako.Ingave vashandi vari muhofisi kana kure, Indaneti uye zvikumbiro zvakabatana zvinogonesa kutenderera kwemashoko akawanda uye kutonga kupfuura kare.
Nyorera kuOILMAN Nhasi, pepanhau revhiki nevhiki rinounzwa kubhokisi rako rekunyora nezvose zvaunoda kuziva nezvemafuta uye gasi bhizinesi nhau, zviitiko zvazvino uye ruzivo rweindasitiri.