Kubva pamaketani ebhobhoti kuenda kune mabhanhire ekutakura mumabasa ekugovera kune kutenderera kwemhepo turbine shongwe, nzvimbo yekuona ibasa rinokosha mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisirwo.Inogona kutora maitiro akawanda, kusanganisira linear, rotary, angular, absolute, incremental, contact and non-contact sensors.Specialized sensors in the three division sensings have been madeveloped the three discologies sensation. ductive, eddy ikozvino, capacitive, magnetostrictive, Hall effect, fiber optic, optical uye ultrasonic.
Iyi FAQ inopa sumo pfupi kune akasiyana siyana ekuona chinzvimbo, yobva yaongorora huwandu hwetekinoroji iyo vagadziri vanogona kusarudza kubva pakuita sarudzo yekunzwa chinzvimbo.
Potentiometric position sensors zvigadziriso zvinopikisa zvinobatanidza nzira yakagadziriswa inopikisa ine wiper yakanamatira kune chinhu chine nzvimbo inoda kunzwisiswa.Kufamba kwechinhu kunofambisa wiper parutivi penzira.Mamiriro echinhu chacho anoyerwa nekushandisa voltage divider network inoumbwa nenjanji uye wipers kuyera linear kana rotational motion ine fixed DC voltage (Mufananidzo 1, ometric generally ine mutengo wakaderera.
Inductive position sensors utilize change in the properties of the magnetic field induced in the sensor coil.Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo avo, vanogona kuyera mutsara kana kutenderera nzvimbo.Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) nzvimbo sensors dzinoshandisa mapeji matatu akaputirwa nehollow tube;koiri yekutanga nemakoiri maviri echipiri.Makoiri akabatanidzwa munhevedzano, uye hukama hwechikamu chekoiri yechipiri ndeye 180 ° kunze kwechikamu maererano nekoiri yekutanga.A ferromagnetic core inonzi armature inoiswa mukati mechubhu uye yakabatanidzwa kune chinhu chiri panzvimbo iri kuyerwa.An excitation voltage inoshandiswa kune yekutanga coil uye electromagnetic force force (dBy in the coil relaunciation in the coil recicondary EMF). nzvimbo yezvombo uye izvo zvakasungirirwa zvinogona kugadziriswa.A inotenderera yemagetsi differential transformer (RVDT) inoshandisa nzira imwechete yekutsvaga nzvimbo inotenderera. LVDT uye RVDT sensors inopa kururamisa kwakanaka, mutsara, kugadzirisa uye kunzwisisika kwakanyanya.
Eddy current position sensors anoshanda nezvinhu zvinoitisa.Eddy currents induces currents inoitika mu conductive materials in the presence of a change magnetic field.Aya macurrents anoyerera ari akavharika loop uye anogadzira yechipiri magnetic field.Eddy current sensors anosanganisira coils and linearization circuits.The alternating current inopa simba coil kuti igadzire iyo yeprimary magineti kana kufambisa magineti ichibva yaenda kure, kana chinhu chichienda kure nemagnetic field. inogadzirwa ne eddy currents, iyo inokanganisa coil's impedance.Sezvo chinhu chinoswedera pedyo nekoiri, eddy inorasikirwa inowedzerwa uye iyo oscillating voltage inova duku (Figure 2) .The oscillating voltage inogadziriswa uye inogadziriswa neine linearizer yedunhu kuti ibudise mutsara weDC inobuda zvichienderana nechekure kwechinhu.
Midziyo yeEddy yemazuva ano yakaoma, isiri-contact michina inowanzoshandiswa seproximity sensors. Iwo ari omnidirectional uye anogona kuona kuremerwa nechinhu, asi kwete gwara kana chinhambwe chakakwana kune chinhu.
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, capacitive position sensors inoyera kuchinja kwehutano kuti ione nzvimbo yechinhu chiri kunzwa.Idzi dzisingabatanidzi sensors dzinogona kushandiswa kuyera mutsara kana kutenderera nzvimbo.Idzo dzinosanganisira mahwendefa maviri akaparadzaniswa nedielectric material uye anoshandisa imwe yenzira mbiri kuona nzvimbo yechinhu:
Kuti ikonzere shanduko mune dielectric constant, chinhu chine chinzvimbo chinofanirwa kuwonekwa chakabatanidzwa kune dielectric material.Sezvo dielectric material inofamba, iyo inoshanda dielectric constant ye capacitor inoshanduka nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwenzvimbo ye dielectric material and dielectric constant of air.Nerimwewo, chinhu chacho chinogona kubatanidzwa kune chimwe cheplateti inovhara, kana kushandura dhizaini inovhara, chinja chirikure chinovhara capacitor. capacitance inoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo yakaenzana.
Capacitive sensors inogona kuyera kutama, kureba, nzvimbo uye kukora kwezvinhu.Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwavo kwechiratidzo chepamusoro uye kugadziriswa, capacitive displacement sensors inoshandiswa munzvimbo dze laboratori uye maindasitiri.Semuyenzaniso, magadzirirwo emagetsi anoshandiswa kuyera ukuru hwemafirimu uye adhesive application mu automated process.Mumichina yeindasitiri, inoshandiswa kutarisa kutama uye chinzvimbo chemidziyo.
Magnetostriction inzvimbo yeferromagnetic zvinhu izvo zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvichinje saizi kana chimiro kana magineti akaiswa.Mune magnetostrictive position sensor, inofambiswa magineti inosungirirwa kune chinhu chiri kuyerwa.Inosanganisira waveguide ine waya dzinotakura mapurusi emazuva ano, akabatanidzwa kune sensor iri kumagumo eiyo wave wave3se, iyo inotumira magineti wave pulses, iyo inodzika iyo pulses inotumirwa. waya inopindirana neaxial magnetic field ye magnetti asingagumi (iyo magnet mu cylinder piston, Mufananidzo 3a) .Kupindirana kwemunda kunokonzerwa nekugadzirisa (iyo Wiedemann effect), iyo inokonzera waya, inogadzira acoustic pulse inopararira pamwe chete newaveguide uye inotaridzirwa ne sensor pamagumo ekupedzisira kwewave elanguitia . iko kupuruzira kwazvino uye kucherechedzwa kweacoustic pulse, iyo inoenderana chinzvimbo cheiyo magineti uye saka chinhu chinogona kuyerwa (Fig.3c).
Magnetostrictive position sensors is non-contact sensors anoshandiswa kuona linear position.Mawaveguides anowanzoiswa mustainless simbi kana machubhu ealuminium, zvichiita kuti masensa aya ashandiswe munzvimbo dzine tsvina kana nyoro.
Kana iyo yakaonda, flat conductor yakaiswa mune magnetic field, chero ikozvino kuyerera kunowedzera kuvaka kune rumwe rutivi rwe conductor, zvichiita mutsauko unogona kunzi Hall voltage.Kana ikozvino mune conductor inoramba iripo, ukuru hweHoro voltage inotaridza simba remagineti. Nekuyera magetsi eHoro, nzvimbo yechinhu inogona kutsanangurwa.Kune nyanzvi dzeHall-effect position sensors dzinogona kuona nzvimbo muzvikamu zvitatu (Mufananidzo 4) .Hall-effect position sensors isiri-contact device inopa kuvimbika kwepamusoro uye inonzwa nokukurumidza, uye inoshanda pamusoro pehupamhi hwekushisa.Iyo inoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevatengi, indasitiri, motokari uye kushandiswa kwezvokurapa.
Kune maviri akakosha marudzi efiber optic sensors.In intrinsic fiber optic sensors, iyo fiber inoshandiswa sechinhu chekunzwa.Mukunze fiber optic sensors, fiber optics inosanganiswa neimwe sensor tekinoroji kuendesa chiratidzo kumagetsi ari kure kuti agadziriswe.Panyaya yemukati fiber optic zviyero, mudziyo wakaita senge optical time domain reflectory inogona kushandiswa kumhanyisa nguva yekuchinja domain inogona kushandiswa kuona iyo waveleng domain reflection. reflectometer.Fiber optic sensors haigoni kukanganiswa nemagetsi emagetsi, inogona kugadzirwa kuti ishande pakupisa kwepamusoro, uye haisi-conductive, saka inogona kushandiswa pedyo nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kana zvinhu zvinopisa.
Imwe fiber-optic sensing yakavakirwa pafiber Bragg grating (FBG) tekinoroji inogonawo kushandiswa pakuyera chinzvimbo.FBG inoshanda senge notch sefa, ichiratidza chikamu chidiki chechiedza chinotariswa paBragg wavelength (λB) kana ichivhenekerwa nebroad-spectrum light.Inogadzirwa ine microstructures yakamisikidzwa mu fiber core inoshandiswa, dhizaini inoyerera, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini, dhizaini. , kukurumidza uye mutoro.
Kune marudzi maviri e-optical position sensors, inozivikanwawo se optical encoders.Mune imwe nyaya, chiedza chinotumirwa kune anogamuchira kune imwe mugumo we sensor.Mune rudzi rwechipiri, chiratidzo chechiedza chinobudiswa chinoratidzwa nechinhu chakatariswa uye chinodzokera kune chiedza chechiedza.Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwe sensor, kuchinja kwezvinhu chiedza, zvakadai sewavelength, intensity, phase kana kuti inotaridzirwa nzvimbo yepolarization inoshandiswa kune imwe nzvimbo yepolarization. ar uye rotary motion.Masensa aya anowira muzvikamu zvitatu zvikuru;transmissive optical encoder, inoratidzira optical encoder, uye interferometric optical encoder.
Ultrasonic position sensors inoshandisa piezoelectric crystal transducers kuti ibudise mafungu e-high-frequency ultrasonic waves.Iyo sensor inoyera inzwi rinoratidzwa.Ultrasonic sensors inogona kushandiswa seyakareruka manzwi ekuswedera, kana mamwe maitiro akaoma anogona kupa ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana.Ultrasonic position sensors inoshanda nezvinhu zvakanangwa zvezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro epamusoro, uye inogona kuona nzvimbo yakawanda yezvipingamupinyi, inoona nzvimbo yakawanda yezvipingamupinyi. Mienzaniso yemashandisirwo anoshandisa ma ultrasonic position sensors anosanganisira kuona fluid level, high-speed count of things, robotic navigation systems, and automotive sensing.A typical automotive ultrasonic sensor ine imba yepurasitiki, piezoelectric transducer ine imwe membrane, uye electronic circuit inogamuchira, transducer yemagetsi, transducer uye printa )
Position sensors inogona kuyera mhedziso kana kuenzanisa mutsara, kutenderera uye angular kufamba kwezvinhu.Position sensors inogona kuyera kufamba kwemidziyo yakadai semagetsi kana motors.Iyo inoshandiswawo mumapuratifomu emafoni akadai semarobhoti nemotokari.Unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana hunoshandiswa mumasensi echinzvimbo pamwe nekubatanidzwa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekusimba kwezvakatipoteredza, mari, kudzokorora, kudzokorora, uye zvimwe.
3D Magnetic Position Sensors, Allegro MicrosystemsKuongorora uye Kuvandudza Kuchengetedzeka kweUltrasonic Sensors yeMotokari Dzinozvimirira, IEEE Internet yeZvinhu Journal Nzira yekusarudza sensor yenzvimbo, Cambridge Integrated CircuitsPosition sensor types, Ixthus InstrumentationChii chinonzi inductive position sensor?, Kunzwa Kwokunzwa, Kunzwa Kwokunzwisisa, Kunzwa Kwokunzwisisa, Kunzwa Kwokuita Kwokuti chii?
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