Vanyori vakaongorora maitiro matsva eprojekti yemagetsi nguva nenguva, umo vagadziri vemiti vanowanzosarudza 304 kana 316 simbi isina tsvina ye condenser uye yekubatsira kupisa exchanger tubing.Kune vakawanda, izwi resimbi isina tsvina rinokonzera aura yekuparara kusingakundiki, apo chaizvoizvo, simbi isina tsvina inogona dzimwe nguva kuva incorrosion yakashata, uye yakaderedzwa sarudzo yenzvimbo. mvura yekutonhodza mvura kugadzira-up, pamwe chete kutonhora shongwe dzinoshanda panguva yakakwirira concentrations, zvingangoita Stainless simbi kukundikana michina magnified.Mune mamwe maapplication, 300 akatevedzana Stainless simbi inongorarama kwemwedzi, dzimwe nguva chete mavhiki, asati akundikana.Chinyorwa ichi chinotarisa zvishoma nyaya dzinofanira kutariswa pakusarudza condenser chubhu zvinhu kubva pakuona kwemvura yekurapa, asi inokurukura basa rekutamisa zvinhu, kusimba kwechinyorwa ichi, uye kukurukura kwechimbichimbi chemvura. mechanical forces, kusanganisira kuneta uye kuora kwevhu.
Kuwedzera 12% kana kupfuura chromium kune simbi kunokonzera kuti alloy iite inoenderera oxide layer inodzivirira base metal underneath.Hence izwi rokuti Stainless steel.Mukushayikwa kweimwe alloying zvinhu (kunyanya nickel), carbon steel chikamu cheboka referrite, uye unit cell yayo ine body-centered cubic (BCC) chimiro.
Kana nickel yawedzerwa kumusanganiswa wealloy pachikamu che8% kana kupfuura, sero rinozove riri muface-centered cubic (FCC) chimiro chinodaidzwa kuti austenite, kunyangwe pane ambient tembiricha.
Sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 1, mazana matatu akatevedzana masimbi asina tsvina uye mamwe masimbi asina tsvina ane nickel content inoburitsa austenitic chimiro.
Austenitic simbi dzakaratidza kuti dzinokosha zvikuru mukushandiswa kwakawanda, kusanganisira sechinhu chepamusoro tembiricha superheater uye reheater machubhu mumagetsi boilers.The 300 akatevedzana kunyanya rinowanzoshandiswa sechinhu yakaderera tembiricha kupisa exchanger chubhu, kusanganisira chiutsi pamusoro condensers.Zvisinei, zviri muzvikumbiro izvi kuti vakawanda vanofuratira zvinogona kukundikana nzira.
Chinonyanya kuoma nesimbi isina tsvina, kunyanya iyo yakakurumbira 304 uye 316 zvinhu, ndeyokuti inodzivirira oxide layer inowanzoparadzwa nekusvibiswa mumvura inotonhorera uye nemitswe uye madhipoziti anobatsira kuisa pfungwa pakusvibiswa.Kuwedzera, pasi pemamiriro ekuvhara, mvura yakamira inogona kutungamirira kukukura kwe microbial, iyo metabolic byproducts inogona kukuvadza zvakanyanya kune simbi.
Kusachena kwakajairika kwemvura inotonhorera, uye imwe yezvakanyanya kuoma kubvisa mune zvehupfumi, ndeye chloride.Ioni iyi inogona kukonzera matambudziko mazhinji mumajenareta emhepo, asi mumakondomu uye mubatsiri wekupisa kupisa, dambudziko guru nderokuti chlorides muhuwandu hwakakwana inogona kupinda uye kuparadza iyo inodzivirira oxide layer pasimbi isina tsvina, inokonzera localized corrosion.
Pitting ndeimwe yenzira dzakaipisisa dzekuora nekuti zvinogona kukonzera kupinda kwemadziro uye kusashanda kwemidziyo nekurasikirwa nesimbi shoma.
Chloride concentrations haifanire kunge yakakwira zvakanyanya kuti ikonzere kuparara kwegomba mu304 uye 316 simbi isina tsvina, uye kune nzvimbo dzakachena dzisina chero madhipoziti kana mitswe, iyo yakakurudzirwa yakanyanya kukwirisa chloride yave kuonekwa se:
Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinogona kuburitsa zviri nyore chloride inodarika mirairo iyi, mune zvese uye munzvimbo dzenzvimbo. Zvave kushoma zvikuru kutanga kufunga kamwe-kuburikidza nekutonhodza kwemagetsi matsva emagetsi.Mazhinji anovakwa neanotonhodza shongwe, kana mune dzimwe nguva, air-yakatonhodzwa condensers (ACC) .Kune avo vane shongwe dzekutonhodza, kuwanda kwetsvina, kusanganisa kwetsvina mumitsetse yemvura ine chloride-inogadzirisa koromo yemvura 5. 0 mg/l inoshanda nezvikamu zvishanu zvekugadzirisa, uye chloride yemvura inotenderera i250 mg / l. Izvi chete zvinofanirwa kubvisa 304 SS. Pamusoro pazvo, mumiti mitsva uye iripo, pane kuwedzera kudiwa kwekutsiva mvura yakachena yekudyara kwemiti.
Chenjerera kuwedzera kwemazinga ekloridi (uye mamwe matsvina, akadai senitrogen uye phosphorus, iyo inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya kusvibiswa kwemicrobial mumasisitimu ekutonhora) .Nekuda kwemvura yese yegrey, chero kutenderera mushongwe yekutonhora kunodarika muganhu wechloride unokurudzirwa ne316 SS.
Nhaurirano yapfuura yakavakirwa pakugona kwecorrosion kwenzvimbo dzesimbi dzakafanana.Kutsemuka uye madhamu anoshandura nyaya yacho zvinoshamisa, sezvo zvese zvinopa nzvimbo dzekuti tsvina inogona kuisa pfungwa.Inzvimbo yakajairika yemechani makatsemuka mumacondensers uye zvakafanana zvinopisa zvinopisa zviri pachubhu-to-chubhu pepa junctions.Sediment mukati mechubhu inogona kugadzira makatsemuka paiyo sediment, uye sediment boundary pachezvayo. simbi shoma inotsamira pane inoenderera oxide layer yekudzivirira, madhipoziti anogona kugadzira okisijeni-murombo nzvimbo dzinoshandura yakasara simbi pamusoro kuita anode.
Nhaurirano iri pamusoro inoburitsa nyaya dzisingatariswe nevagadziri vezvekudyara pavanenge vachitsanangudza condenser uye yekubatsira heat exchanger chubhu zvinhu zvezvirongwa zvitsva. Mafungiro maererano ne304 uye 316 SS dzimwe nguva achiri kuita sekuti "ndizvo zvatagara tichiita" tisingatarise mhedzisiro yezviito zvakadaro. Zvimwe zvekushandisa zviripo kuti zvigadzirise miti yakaoma inotonhora inotarisana nemamiriro emvura inotonhodza.
Usati wakurukura mamwe masimbi, imwezve nhanho inofanira kutaurwa muchidimbu
Iyi nzira, inozivikanwa se microbially induced corrosion (MIC), inozivikanwa kuparadza pombi dzesimbi isina tsvina uye mamwe masimbi mukati memavhiki.Kana kupisa kwekushisa kusingagoni kuderedzwa, kutarisisa kwakakomba kunofanira kupiwa nguva nenguva kutenderera kwemvura kuburikidza nekupisa kupisa uye kuwedzera biocide panguva yekuita. 019 muChampaign, IL Yakaunzwa ku39th Electric Utility Chemistry Symposium.)
Kunzvimbo dzakaomarara dzakaratidzwa pamusoro apa, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakaomarara dzakaita semvura ine brackish kana mvura yegungwa, mamwe masimbi anogona kushandiswa kubvisa tsvina.Mapoka matatu alloy aratidza kubudirira, kutengeserana yakachena titanium, 6% molybdenum austenitic Stainless simbi uye superferritic Stainless simbi.These alloys alloy is resistant to mxantanium. close-packed crystal structure uye yakanyanya kuderera elastic modulus inoita kuti ive nyore kune mechanical damage.Iyi alloy inonyatsokodzera kugadzwa kutsva ine yakasimba tube support structures.An excellent alternative is the super ferritic stainless steel Sea-Cure®.Kuumbwa kwechinhu ichi kunoratidzwa pasi apa.
Simbi ine chromium yakakwirira asi yakaderera mu nickel, saka isimbi isina tsvina yeferritic pane austenitic stainless steel.Nekuda kwekuderera kwayo nickel content, inodhura zvishoma kudarika mamwe alloys.Sea-Cure's high simba uye elastic modulus inobvumira masvingo matete kupfuura zvimwe zvinhu, zvichiita kuti kuwedzere kupisa kutengesa.
Izvo zvakakwidziridzwa zvimiro zvesimbi idzi zvinoratidzwa pane "Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number" chati, iyo, sekutaura kwazvinoita, inzira yekuyedza inoshandiswa kuona kuramba kwesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana kugomba ngura.
Imwe yemibvunzo inowanzo zivikanwa ndeye "Ndeipi iyo yakanyanya chloride yemukati iyo imwe giredhi resimbi isina tsvina inogona kushivirira?"Mhinduro dzinosiyana-siyana.Zvinhu zvinosanganisira pH, tembiricha, kuvapo uye rudzi rwekuputsika, uye mukana wekushanda kwezvipenyu zvipenyu.Chishandiso chakawedzerwa paaxis yakarurama yeMufananidzo 5 kuti ubatsire nechisarudzo ichi.Inobva pane neutral pH, 35 ° C mvura inoyerera inowanzowanikwa mune dzakawanda BOP uye condensation applications (kudzivisa kuumbwa kwedhipoziti uye kuputika kwekemikari inogona kusarudzwa uye kuumbwa kwe PRElloy kwave kusarudzwa). ine chidimbu chakakodzera.Chiyero chechloride chinokurudzirwa chinogona kubva chaonekwa nekudhirowa mutsara wakachinjika paaxis yekurudyi.Pazhinji, kana alloy ichizotariswa kushandiswa kwebrackish kana mvura yegungwa, inoda kuve neCCT inopfuura 25 degrees Celsius sekuyerwa neG 48 test.
Zviri pachena kuti super ferritic alloys inomiririrwa neSea-Cure® inowanzokodzera kunyange kushandiswa kwemvura yegungwa.Pane chimwe chikomborero kune zvinhu izvi zvinofanira kusimbiswa.Manganese corrosion matambudziko akaonekwa kwe304 uye 316 SS kwemakore akawanda, kusanganisira pamiti iri pedyo neOhio River. Munguva ichangopfuura, zvinopisa zvinopisa pamiti yemiti iri pedyo neRwizi rweManganese yakave yakajairika dambudziko reManganese uye Missouri. masisitimu.Nzvimbo yekuora yakaonekwa se manganese dioxide (MnO2) ichiita neoxidizing biocide kugadzira hydrochloric acid pasi pedhipoziti.HCl ndiyo inonyanya kurwisa simbi.[WH Dickinson and RW Pick, "Manganese-Dependent Corrosion in the Electric Power Industry";yakaratidzwa pa2002 NACE Annual Corrosion Conference, Denver, CO.] Ferritic steels haigoni kuonda iyi.
Kusarudza magiredhi epamusoro ezvigadzirwa zvecondenser uye heat exchanger chubhu haisati yave inotsiva yakakodzera kugadzirisa kemikari yemvura.Sekutsanangura kwakaita munyori Buecker mune imwe nyaya yeinjiniya yemagetsi yapfuura, chirongwa chakanyatsogadzirwa uye chinoshandiswa chemakemikari chekurapa chinodiwa kuti kuderedze kugona kwekuyera, kukoromoka, uye kukanganisa.Polymer chemistry iri kubuda seimwe nzira ine simba kune yakare inotonhorera phosphate uye inotonhorera masystems. lling microbial contamination yave uye icharamba iine nyaya inokosha.Kunyange zvazvo oxidative chemistry ine chlorine, bleach, kana makemikari akafanana ndiyo ibwe rekona rekutonga kwehutachiona, mishonga yekuwedzera inogona kazhinji kuvandudza kushanda kwezvirongwa zvekurapa.Mumwe muenzaniso wakadaro ndeyekudzikamisa chemistry, iyo inobatsira kuwedzera kuwedzera kusunungurwa uye kubudirira kweklorini-based oxidizing mumichero yemvura inokuvadza pasina fungicides introducing yemvura inokuvadza. s inogona kubatsira zvakanyanya mukudzora kukura kwehutachiona.Chigumisiro ndechekuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuvandudza kusimba uye kuvimbika kwesimba rekudyara kupisa exchangers, asi hurongwa hwega hwega hwakasiyana, saka kunyatsoronga kuronga uye kubvunzana nenyanzvi dzeindasitiri kwakakosha pakusarudzwa kwezvinhu uye maitirwo emakemikari. Zvizhinji zvechinyorwa ichi zvakanyorwa kubva pakuona kwekuchenesa mvura, isu hatibatike mukusarudzika kwezvinhu, asi isu tinokumbirwa kuti tibatsire kutonga kwekupedzisira sarudzo nesarudzo yemunhu padanho rekupedzisira. nhamba yezvinhu zvakatsanangurwa kune yega yega application.
Pamusoro peMunyori: Brad Buecker ndiye Senior Technical Publicist paChemTreat.Ane makore 36 ane ruzivo mune kana kuti akabatana nemagetsi emagetsi, mazhinji acho mumakemikari ekugadzirwa kwemhepo, kurapwa kwemvura, kutonga kwemhepo uye paGuta reMvura, Light & Power (Springfield, IL) uye Kansas City Power & Light Company iri paLa Cygne Station, Kansas. BS muChemistry kubva kuIowa State University nebasa rekuwedzera rekosi muFluid Mechanics, Energy and Materials Equilibrium, uye Advanced Inorganic Chemistry.
Dan Janikowski ndiye Technical Manager kuPlymouth Tube. Kwemakore 35, anga achibatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi, kugadzirwa uye kuyedzwa kwezvigadzirwa zve tubular zvinosanganisira copper alloys, Stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium uye carbon steel.Ave aine Plymouth Metro kubva 2005, Janikowski akabata zvigaro zvepamusoro zvakasiyana-siyana asati ava 2010 Technical.