Chiziviso chemupepeti: Ichi chinyorwa ndechechipiri muzvikamu zviviri zvakatevedzana pamusika uye kugadzirwa kwediki dhayamita yekufambisa mvura mitsetse yekumanikidza yakanyanya kushandiswa.Chikamu chekutanga chinokurukura kuwanikwa kwemusha kwezvakajairwa zvigadzirwa zvezvikumbiro izvi, izvo zvisingawanzo.Chikamu chechipiri chinokurukura zvigadzirwa zviviri zvisiri zvechinyakare mumusika uyu.
Mhando mbiri dze welded hydraulic pombi dzakasarudzwa neSosaiti yeMotokari Engineers - SAE-J525 uye SAE-J356A - inogovana sosi yakajairwa, sekuita kwavo kwakanyorwa.Mitsetse yesimbi yakatsetseka inochekwa kusvika pahupamhi uye inoumbwa kuita machubhu neprofiling.Mushure mekunge mipendero yetambo yakwenenzverwa nechishandiso chakakwenenzverwa, pombi inodziiswa nehigh frequency resistance welding uye inoumbwa pakati pemapumburu ekumanikidza kuita weld.Mushure mekuputika, OD burr inobviswa nemubati, iyo inowanzogadzirwa ne tungsten carbide.Iyo yekuzivikanwa flash inobviswa kana kugadziridzwa kusvika pakakwirira dhizaini kureba uchishandisa yekukiya chishandiso.
Tsanangudzo yeiyi welding process yakajairika, uye kune akawanda madiki maitiro akasiyana mukugadzirwa chaiko (ona Mufananidzo 1).Nekudaro, ivo vanogovana akawanda ma mechanical properties.
Kutadza kwepombi uye maitiro akajairika ekutadza anogona kukamurwa kuita anorema uye anomanikidza mitoro.Muzvizhinji zvekushandisa, iyo tensile stress yakadzikira pane yekumanikidza kushushikana.Nekudaro, zvinhu zvakawanda zvine simba zvakanyanya mukutsikirira kupfuura mukumanikidzana.Concrete muenzaniso.Iyo inonyanya kudzvanywa, asi kunze kwekunge yakaumbwa netiweki yemukati yekusimbisa mabara (rebars), zviri nyore kutyora.Nechikonzero ichi, simbi inotemerwa inoedzwa kuti ione iyo yekupedzisira tensile simba (UTS).Ese matatu hydraulic hose saizi ane zvakafanana zvinodiwa: 310 MPa (45,000 psi) UTS.
Nekuda kwekugona kwepombi dzekumanikidza kutsungirira hydraulic pressure, kuverenga kwakasiyana uye kutadza bvunzo, inozivikanwa seyekuputika bvunzo, inogona kudiwa.Maverengero anogona kushandiswa kuona iyo theoretical yekupedzisira kuputika kudzvanywa, uchifunga nezve madziro ukobvu, UTS uye kunze kwedhayamita yechinhu.Nekuti J525 tubing uye J356A tubing inogona kuenzana saizi, iyo chete shanduko iUTS.Inopa yakajairika tensile simba re50,000 psi nekufungidzira kuputika kudzvinyirira kwe0.500 x 0.049 mukati. Iyo tubing yakafanana kune zvese zvigadzirwa: 10,908 psi.
Kunyange zvazvo fungidziro dzakaverengerwa dzakafanana, mutsauko mumwe mukushanda unoshanda unokonzerwa nehukobvu chaihwo hwemadziro.PaJ356A, iyo yemukati burr inogadziriswa kusvika pakukura zvakanyanya zvichienderana nedhayamita yepombi sekutsanangurwa kwazvinoitwa.Kune zvigadzirwa zvakabviswa zveJ525, maitiro ekubvisa anowanzo dzikisa nemaune dhayamita yemukati neinosvika 0.002 inches, zvichikonzera kutetepa kwemadziro munzvimbo yeweld.Kunyange zvazvo madziro emadziro akazadzwa nekuzotevera kutonhora kushanda, kusara kwekunetseka uye kutaridzika kwezviyo kunogona kusiyana nesimbi yepasi, uye kukora kwemadziro kunogona kunge kwakatetepa zvishoma pane inofananidzwa pombi inotsanangurwa muJ356A.
Zvichienderana nekuguma kwekushandiswa kwepombi, burr yemukati inofanirwa kubviswa kana kupepetwa (kana kupepetwa) kubvisa nzira dzinogona kubuda, kunyanya madziro ega ekupedzisira mafomu.Nepo J525 ichiwanzo tenda kuti ine ID yakatsetseka uye nekudaro isingabvire, iyi ipfungwa isiriyo.J525 tubing inogona kugadzira ID streaks nekuda kwekusashanda kutonhora zvisina kunaka, zvichikonzera kuvuza pakubatanidza.
Tanga kubvisa nekucheka (kana kukwenya) bead kubva mukati memadziro edhayamita.Chishandiso chekuchenesa chakasungirirwa kune mandrel inotsigirwa nema rollers mukati mepombi, kuseri kwechiteshi chewelding.Nepo mudziyo wekuchenesa waibvisa weld bead, ma roller akakungurutsira pamusoro peimwe welding spatter, zvichiita kuti irove pamusoro pepombi ID (ona Mufananidzo 2).Iri idambudziko repombi dzinenge dzakareruka semapombi akatenderedzwa kana kukwenenzverwa.
Kubvisa flash kubva pachubhu hakusi nyore.Nzira yekucheka inoshandura kupenya kuita tambo yakareba, yakamanikana yesimbi inopinza.Kunyange zvazvo kubvisa kuri kudiwa, kubvisa kunowanzova hurongwa uye husina kukwana.Zvikamu zvescarf chubhu dzimwe nguva zvinosiya nharaunda yemugadziri wechubhu uye zvinotumirwa kuvatengi.
Mupunga.1. SAE-J525 zvinhu zvakawanda-zvinogadzirwa, izvo zvinoda mari yakakosha uye kushanda.Zvakafanana tubular zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa uchishandisa SAE-J356A zvakanyatsogadzirwa mu-line annealing chubhu mills, saka inoshanda zvakanyanya.
Pamapombi madiki, akadai semitsetse yemvura isingasviki 20 mm mudhayamita, kubvisa ID kazhinji hakuna kukosha sezvo madhayamita aya asingade imwe nhanho yekupedzisa ID.Iyo chete caveat ndeyekuti mushandisi wekupedzisira anongoda kufunga kuti inopindirana flash control kureba ichagadzira dambudziko.
ID flame control kunaka kunotanga neiyo chaiyo strip conditioning, kucheka uye welding.Muchokwadi, iyo mbishi zvivakwa zveJ356A inofanira kunge yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura J525 nekuti J356A ine zvimwe zvinorambidzwa pakukura kwezviyo, oxide inclusions uye mamwe maparamendi ekugadzira simbi nekuda kwekutonhora saizi inobatanidzwa.
Chekupedzisira, ID welding inowanzoda inotonhorera.Mazhinji masisitimu anoshandisa chinotonhodza chimwechete sechishandiso chemhepo, asi izvi zvinogona kuunza matambudziko.Zvisinei nekuseferwa nekudzikiswa, zvigayo zvinotonhorera zvinowanzove nehupamhi hwesimbi zvidimbu, mafuta akasiyana siyana neoiri, uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa.Naizvozvo, iyo J525 tubing inoda inopisa caustic wash kutenderera kana imwe yakaenzana nhanho yekuchenesa.
Condensers, masisitimu emotokari, uye mamwe masisitimu akafanana anoda kucheneswa kwepombi, uye kuchenesa kwakakodzera kunogona kuitwa pachigayo.Iyo J356A inosiya fekitori iine tsvina yakachena, inodzorwa hunyoro hwemukati uye zvishoma zvakasara.Pakupedzisira, zvakajairika kuzadza chubhu yegasi inert gasi kudzivirira kuora uye kuvhara magumo isati yatumirwa.
Mapombi eJ525 anogadziriswa mushure mekuputira uyezve kutonhora kushanda (kudhonzwa).Mushure mekushanda kunotonhora, pombi inogadziriswa zvakare kuti isangane nezvose zvinodiwa zvemuchina.
Iyo normalizing, kudhirowa kwewaya uye yechipiri normalizing matanho inoda kutakura pombi kuenda kuchoto, kune yekudhirowa chiteshi uye kudzokera kuchoto.Zvichienderana nezvakajeka zvekushanda, matanho aya anoda mamwe akapatsanurwa madiki-matanho sekunongedza (asati apenda), etching uye kutwasanudza.Aya matanho anodhura uye anoda nguva yakakosha, vashandi uye mari zviwanikwa.Mapombi anodhonzwa nechando anobatanidzwa nechikamu che20% chemarara mukugadzira.
J356A pombi yakajairwa pachigayo chinotenderedza mushure mekugadzira.Iyo pombi haibati pasi uye inofamba kubva pamatanho ekutanga ekugadzira kusvika kune yakapedzwa pombi mukutevedzana kunopfuurira kwematanho muchigayo chinokunguruka.Welded mapaipi akadai J356A ane 10% wastage mukugadzira.Zvimwe zvinhu zvese zvakaenzana, izvi zvinoreva kuti marambi eJ356A akachipa kugadzira pane mwenje weJ525.
Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvezvigadzirwa zviviri izvi zvakafanana, hazvina kufanana kubva kune metallurgical point of view.
Cold yakadhirowewa J525 mapaipi inoda maviri ekutanga maitiro ekurapa: mushure mekugadzira uye mushure mekudhirowa.Normalization tembiricha (1650 ° F kana 900 ° C) kunokonzera kuumbwa kwepamusoro oxides, iyo inowanzobviswa nemaminerari asidhi (kazhinji sulfuric kana hydrochloric) pashure annealing.Pickling ine hombe kwezvakatipoteredza maererano nemhepo inobuda uye simbi-yakapfuma tsvina hova.
Uye zvakare, iyo yakajairika tembiricha mumhepo inodzikisira yeroller hearth choto inotungamira mukudyiwa kwekabhoni pamusoro pesimbi.Iyi nzira, decarburization, inosiya chigadziko chepamusoro chakanyanya kusimba kupfuura zvinhu zvepakutanga (ona Mufananidzo 3).Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune matete emadziro mapaipi.Pa 0.030 ″ kukora kwemadziro, kunyangwe diki 0.003 ″ decarburization layer inoderedza madziro anoshanda negumi%.Mapombi asina simba akadaro anogona kukundikana nekuda kwekunetsekana kana kudedera.
Mufananidzo 2. Chishandiso chekuchenesa ID (chisina kuratidzwa) chinotsigirwa nema rollers anofamba pamwe neID yepombi.Yakanaka roller dhizaini inoderedza huwandu hwewelding spatter inokunguruka mumadziro epombi.Nielsen zvishandiso
Mapaipi eJ356 anogadziriswa mumabhechi uye anoda annealing muchoto chemoto, asi izvi hazvigumiri ipapo.Musiyano, J356A, wakanyatsogadzirwa muchigayo chinotenderedza uchishandisa yakavakirwa-mukati induction, yekudziya maitiro inokurumidza kupfuura roller yemoto choto.Izvi zvinopfupisa nguva yekuvhara, nekudaro ichidzikisa hwindo remukana we decarburization kubva pamaminetsi (kana kunyange maawa) kusvika kumasekonzi.Izvi zvinopa J356A ine yunifomu annealing isina oxide kana decarburization.
Tubing inoshandiswa kune hydraulic mitsara inofanirwa kuchinjika zvakakwana kuti ikotame, kuwedzerwa uye kuumbwa.Mabhenji anodiwa kuti atore iyo hydraulic fluid kubva papoint A kuenda kunongedzo B, ichipfuura neakasiyana mabhende uye anotendeuka munzira, uye flaring ndiyo kiyi yekupa yekupedzisira yekubatanidza nzira.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu ehuku-kana-zai, chimneys dzakagadzirirwa kubatanidzwa kwe-single-wall burner (nekudaro kuva nemukati wakatsetseka mukati), kana kuti reverse inogona kunge yakaitika.Muchiitiko ichi, nzvimbo yemukati yechubhu inonyatsoenderana nesocket yepini yekubatanidza.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekubatana kwakasimba kwesimbi-ku-metal, pamusoro pepombi inofanira kuva yakatsetseka sezvinobvira.Ichi chishongedzo chakaonekwa mu1920s yeUS Air Force Air Division.Ichi chishongedzo chakazove chakajairwa 37-degree flare chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nhasi.
Kubva pakatanga nguva yeCCIDID-19, kupihwa kwepombi dzakadhonzwa dzine madhayamita emukati akatsetseka kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.Zvishandiso zviripo zvinowanzova nenguva dzekutumira dzakareba kupfuura kare.Iyi shanduko mumaketani ekupa inogona kugadziriswa nekugadzirisazve magumo ekubatanidza.Semuyenzaniso, RFQ inoda chibatiso chemadziro chimwe chete uye inotsanangura J525 mumiriri wekutsiva kaviri madziro anopisa.Chero mhando ye hydraulic pombi inogona kushandiswa neiyi yekupedzisira kubatana.Izvi zvinovhura mikana yekushandisa iyo J356A.
Pamusoro pekubatana kwemoto, o-ring mechanical seals inowanikwawo (ona mufananidzo 5), kunyanya kune high pressure systems.Haisi chete rudzi urwu rwekubatanidza kushoma-kusimba pane imwe-mudhuri flare nekuti inoshandisa elastomeric seals, asi zvakare inosiyana-siyana-inogona kuumbwa pamagumo emhando ipi neipi yakajairika ye hydraulic pombi.Izvi zvinopa vanogadzira pombi nemikana yakakura yekugovera cheni uye zvirinani kuita kwehupfumi kwenguva refu.
Nhoroondo yeindasitiri izere nemienzaniso yezvigadzirwa zvechinyakare zvinotora midzi panguva iyo zvakaoma kuti musika uchinje nzira.Chigadzirwa chinokwikwidza - kunyangwe icho chakachipa zvakanyanya uye chinosangana nezvinodiwa zvese zvechigadzirwa chekutanga - chinogona kunetsa kuwana nzvimbo mumusika kana fungidziro dzikamuka.Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana mumiriri wekutenga kana mainjiniya akapihwa ari kufunga kutsiva kusiri kwechinyakare kwechigadzirwa chiripo.Vashoma vanoda kuisa pangozi kuwanikwa.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuchinja hakungove kuri madikanwa, asi kunodiwa.Denda reCCIDID-19 rakonzera shanduko isingatarisirwe mukuwanikwa kwemamwe marudzi epombi uye saizi yepiping yesimbi.Nzvimbo dzakakanganisika dzechigadzirwa ndidzo dzinoshandiswa mumotokari, magetsi, zvinorema uye chero mamwe maindasitiri ekugadzira pombi anoshandisa mitsara yekumanikidza, kunyanya hydraulic mitsara.
Iri gaka rinogona kuzadzwa nemutengo wakaderera wakazara nekutarisa yakamiswa asi niche mhando yepombi yesimbi.Kusarudza chigadzirwa chakakodzera chekushandisa kunoda kumwe kutsvagisa kuti uone kuenderana kwemvura, kushanda nesimba, mechanical load, uye rudzi rwekubatanidza.
Kunyatsotarisa pane zvakatemwa zvinoratidza kuti J356A inogona kuenzana neiyo J525 chaiyo.Kunyangwe denda iri, richiri kuwanikwa nemutengo wakaderera kuburikidza neakapupurirwa cheni.Kana kugadzirisa mamiriro ekupedzisira nyaya kushoma kushanda pane kuwana J525, zvinogona kubatsira maOEM kugadzirisa matambudziko emunguva yeCOVID-19 uye nekupfuura.
Tube & Pipe Journal 于1990 年成為第一本致力于為金属管材行业服务的杂志. Tube & Pipe Journal 于1990 Tube & Pipe Journal стал первым журналом, посвященным индустрии металлических труб в 1990 году. Tube & Pipe Journal yakava magazini yekutanga yakatsaurirwa kuindasitiri yesimbi pombi muna 1990.Nhasi, inoramba iri iyo yega indasitiri yakadhindwa muNorth America uye yave inonyanya kuvimbwa sosi yeruzivo rwevashandi veindasitiri yepombi.
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