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Kubuda ropa kusingadzoreki ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvikuru zverufu.Kuwana nekukurumidza hemostasis kunovimbisa kupona kwechinyorwa seyamuro yekutanga panguva yekurwa, tsaona dzemotokari, uye mabasa ekuderedza kufa.Nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) yakabva kune yakapfava hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC) sechikamu chinoenderera chinogona kukonzera uye kuwedzera hemostasis.Magadzirirwo eNFRCS anobva pakugadzirwa kwebapiro remukonikoni.Chimiro chemapapiro emukonikoni chine mapapiro akachinjika uye akareba, uye mapapiro emapapiro akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe kuchengetedza kuvimbika kweiyo microstructure.HFFC inopfeka zvakafanana pamusoro pefiber nefirimu ye nanometer ukobvu uye inobatanidza zvisina tsarukano kugoverwa kwekotoni ukobvu (Ct) (yakapararira chikamu) kugadzira nanoporous chimiro.Iko kusanganiswa kwezvikamu zvinoenderera uye zvakapararira zvinoderedza mutengo wechigadzirwa nekagumi kana zvichienzaniswa nezvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa.Modified NFRCS (tampons kana wristbands) inogona kushandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzebiomedical application.In vivo zvidzidzo zvakagumisa kuti iyo yakagadziridzwa Cp NFRCS inokonzeresa uye inosimudzira iyo coagulation maitiro panzvimbo yekushandisa.NFRCS inogona kuenzanisa iyo microenvironment uye kuita padanho remaserura nekuda kwechimiro chayo che nanoporous chinoguma nekupora maronda ari nani mumuenzaniso weronda rekubvisa.
Kubuda ropa kusingadzoreki panguva yehondo, kuvhiyiwa uye mamiriro ekukurumidzira anogona kutyisidzira hupenyu hweakakuvadzwa1.Mamiriro aya anowedzera kuunza kuwedzera kwese kweperipheral vascular resistance, zvichiita kuti hemorrhagic shock.Matanho akakodzera ekudzora kubuda ropa panguva uye mushure mekuvhiyiwa anonzi anogona kuuraya upenyu2,3.Kukuvadza kumidziyo mikuru kunotungamirira pakurasikirwa kukuru kweropa, zvichiita kuti kufa kwe ≤ 50% muhondo uye 31% panguva yekuvhiyiwa1.Kurasikirwa kweropa kukuru kunotungamirira mukuderera kwehuwandu hwemuviri, izvo zvinoderedza kubuda kwemwoyo.Kuwedzera kweyese peripheral vascular resistance uye kufambira mberi kukanganisa kwe microcirculation kunotungamirira ku hypoxia munhengo dzinotsigira hupenyu.Hemorrhagic shock inogona kuitika kana mamiriro acho achienderera mberi pasina kupindira kunobudirira1,4,5.Mamwe matambudziko anosanganisira kufambira mberi kwe hypothermia uye metabolic acidosis, pamwe neiyo coagulation kusagadzikana iyo inotadzisa iyo coagulation maitiro.Kukatyamadzwa kwehemorrhagic kwakanyanya kunoenderana nenjodzi huru yerufu6,7,8.Mugiredhi III (kufambira mberi) kuvhunduka, kuwedzerwa ropa kunokosha kuti murwere ararame panguva yekushanda uye postoperative morbidity uye kufa.Kuti tikunde ese ari pamusoro apa anotyisa mamiriro ezvinhu, takagadzira nanoporous fiber-reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) inoshandisa kushomeka kwepolymer concentration (0.5%) tichishandisa musanganiswa wemvura-inonyungudika hemostatic polymers.
Nekushandiswa kwefiber reinforcement, zvigadzirwa zvinodhura zvinogona kugadzirwa.Faibha dzakarongwa zvisina tsarukano dzakafanana nechimiro chebapiro remukonikoni, akaenzanirana nemitsetse yakachinjika uye yakatwasuka pamapapiro.Iyo yakachinjika uye yakareba mitsipa yemapapiro inotaurirana nemapapiro membrane (Fig. 1).NFRCS inoumbwa neCt yakasimbiswa se scaffold system ine zviri nani zvemuviri uye zvemagetsi simba (Mufananidzo 1).Nekuda kwekukwanisa uye hunyanzvi, vanachiremba vanovhiya vanosarudza kushandisa machira eshinda yekotoni (Ct) panguva yekuvhiya uye kupfeka. Nokudaro, tichifunga nezvekubatsira kwayo kwakawanda, kusanganisira> 90% crystalline cellulose (inopa mukusimudzira basa rehemostatic), Ct yakashandiswa se skeletal system ye NFRCS9,10. Nokudaro, tichifunga nezvekubatsira kwayo kwakawanda, kusanganisira> 90% crystalline cellulose (inopa mukusimudzira basa rehemostatic), Ct yakashandiswa se skeletal system ye NFRCS9,10. Следовательно, учитывая его многочисленные преимущества, в том числе > 90% кристаллической целлюлозы (участвущет в повысталлической целлюлозы) пользовали в качестве скелетной системы NFRCS9,10. Nokudaro, zvichipiwa zvikomborero zvayo zvakawanda, kusanganisira> 90% crystalline cellulose (inobatanidzwa mukuwedzera hemostatic basa), Ct yakashandiswa seNFRCS skeletal system9,10.因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90% 的结晶纤维素（有助于增强止血活性），Ct 结晶纤维素).因此，考虑到它的多重益处，包括> 90%Nokudaro, zvichipiwa mabhenefiti ayo akawanda, kusanganisira pamusoro pe90% crystalline cellulose (inobatsira kuwedzera basa rehemostatic), Ct yakashandiswa sechikafu cheNFRCS9,10.Ct yaive yakashongedzwa nepamusoro-soro (nano-gobvu firimu kugadzirwa kwakaonekwa) uye yakabatana nehemostatic firimu-inogadzira kuumbwa (HFFC).HFFC inoita senge matrigel, inobata zvisina tsarukano yakaiswa Ct pamwechete.Iyo yakagadziridzwa dhizaini inotumira kushushikana mukati mechikamu chakapararira (kusimbisa fibers).Zvakaoma kuwana nanoporous zvimiro zvine simba remagetsi rakanaka uchishandisa kushomeka kwepolymer.Pamusoro pezvo, hazvisi nyore kugadzirisa mold dzakasiyana dzakasiyana biomedical application.
Mufananidzo uyu unoratidza dhizaini yedhizaini yeNFRCS yakavakirwa pachimiro chebapiro remukonikoni (A).Ichi chifananidzo chinoratidza kuenzanisa kwechimiro chemapapiro emukonikoni (iyo inopindirana uye yakareba tsinga dzebapiro dzakabatana) uye mutsara-sectional photomicrograph yeCp NFRCS (B).Schematic inomiririra NFRCS.
NFRCs dzakagadzirwa uchishandisa HFFC sechikamu chinoenderera kugadzirisa zvipimo zviri pamusoro.HFFC inoumbwa nemafirimu akasiyana-siyana anoumba hemostatic polymers anosanganisira chitosan (seyo main hemostatic polymer) ine methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC 50 cp) uye polyvinyl doro (PVA)) (125 kDa) sepolymer inotsigira inosimudzira kuumbwa kwethrombus.kuumbwa.Kuwedzerwa kwepolyvinylpyrrolidine K30 (PVP K30) kwakavandudza hunyoro hwekutora kweNFRCS.Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) yakawedzerwa kuti ivandudze polymer crosslinking mu bonded polymer blends.Mitambo mitatu yakasiyana yeHFFC hemostatic (Cm HFFC, Ch HFFC uye Cp HFFC), inoti chitosan ine MC (Cm), chitosan ine HPMC (Ch), uye chitosan ine PVA (Cp), yakashandiswa kuCt.Zvakasiyana-siyana mu vitro uye mu vivo hunhu zvidzidzo zvakasimbisa hemostatic uye ronda kuporesa basa reNFRCS.Zvinhu zvakaumbwa zvinopihwa neNFRCS zvinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa akasiyana siyana masikefu kuti asangane nezvinodiwa.
Uye zvakare, NFRCS inogona kugadziridzwa sebandage kana roll kuvhara iyo yese kukuvara kwenzvimbo yepasi uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.Kunyanya kurwisa kukuvara kwemakumbo, iyo yakagadzirwa NFRCS dhizaini inogona kuchinjika kuita hafu ruoko kana gumbo rakazara (Supplementary Figure S11).Iyo NFRCS inogona kugadzirwa kuita wristband ine tissue glue, iyo inogona kushandiswa kumisa kubuda ropa kubva mukukuvara kwakanyanya kwemaoko ekuzviuraya.Chinangwa chedu chikuru ndechekugadzira NFRCS ine polima shoma sezvinobvira inogona kuendeswa kune vanhu vakawanda (pasi pehurombo) uye iyo inogona kuiswa mune yekutanga rubatsiro.Yakareruka, inoshanda, uye ine hupfumi mukugadzira, NFRCS inobatsira nharaunda dzenzvimbo uye inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yepasirese.
Chitosan (molecular weight 80 kDa) neamaranth zvakatengwa kubva kuMerck, India.Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 50 Cp, polyethylene glycol 400 uye methylcellulose zvakatengwa kubva kuLoba Chemie Pvt.LLC, Mumbai.Polyvinyl doro (molecular uremu 125 kDa) (87-90% hydrolysed) yakatengwa kubva kuNational Chemicals, Gujarat.Polyvinylpyrrolidine K30 yakatengwa kubva kuMolychem, Mumbai, sterile swabs yakatengwa kubva kuRamaraju Surgery Cotton Mills Ltd., Tamil Nadu, ine Milli Q mvura (Direct-Q3 mvura yekuchenesa system, Merck, India) semutakuri.
NFRCS yakagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira ye lyophilization11,12.Ese maumbirwo eHFFC (Table 1) akagadzirirwa achishandisa mechanical stirrer.Gadzirira 0.5% solution ye chitosan uchishandisa 1% acetic acid mumvura nekuenderera mberi ichikurudzira pa800 rpm pane mechanical stirrer.Huremu chaihwo hwepolymer yakatakura inoratidzwa muTable 1 yakawedzerwa kune chitosan solution uye yakamutswa kusvikira mhinduro yepolymer yakajeka yawanikwa.PVP K30 uye PEG 400 yakawedzerwa kumusanganiswa unoguma muhuwandu hunoratidzwa muTebhu 1, uye kubvongodza kwakaenderera mberi kusvikira mhinduro yakajeka yepolymer yakawanikwa.Iyo yekugezesa yepolymer solution yakaguma yakaitwa sonicated kwemaminetsi makumi matanhatu kubvisa mabhuru emhepo akavharirwa kubva mumusanganiswa wepolymer.Sezvinoratidzwa muSupplementary Figure S1 (b), Ct yakagoverwa zvakaenzana mutsime rimwe nerimwe re6-tsime ndiro (mold) yakawedzerwa ne5 ml yeHFFC.
Iyo nhanhatu-tsime ndiro yakaitwa sonicated ye60 min kuti iwane yunifomu yekunyorova uye kugovera kweHFFC muCt network.Zvadaro omesa ndiro yechitanhatu-tsime pa -20 ° C kwemaawa 8-12.Mahwendefa echando akaiswa lyophilized kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kuti awane mafomu akasiyana eNFRCS.Iyo imwe nzira inoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana maumbirwo uye zvimiro, senge matamponi kana cylindrical tampons, kana chero imwe chimiro kune akasiyana maapplication.
Yakanyatso kuyera chitosan (80 kDa) (3%) inonyungudutswa mu 1% acetic acid uchishandisa magnetic stirrer.Kumushonga unoguma we chitosan wakawedzerwa 1% PEG 400 uye wakakurudzira kwemaminitsi makumi matatu.Dururira mhinduro yacho mugaba rekona kana rectangular uye omesa pa -80 ° C kwemaawa gumi nemaviri.Masampuli akaomeswa akaomeswa kwemaawa makumi mana nemasere kuti awane porous Cs13.
Iyo NFRCS yakagadziridzwa yakaitwa miedzo vachishandisa Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Shimadzu 8400 s FTIR, Tokyo, Japan) kusimbisa kugarisana kwemakemikari echitosan nemamwe mapolymers14,15.Iyo FTIR spectra (hupamhi hweiyo spectral renji kubva ku400 kusvika 4000 cm-1) yemasampuli ese akaedzwa akawanikwa nekuita 32 scans.
Kutorwa kweropa (BAR) kwese kuumbwa kwakaongororwa uchishandisa nzira yakatsanangurwa naChen et al.16 ine zvigadziriso zvishoma.Iyo yakagadzirwa NFRKs yezvinyorwa zvese zvakaomeswa muvheni yekutsvaira pa 105 ° C usiku humwe kuti ibvise yakasara solvent.30 mg NFRCS (yekutanga sampuli uremu - W0) uye 30 mg Ct (positive control) yakaiswa mundiro dzakasiyana dzine premix ye3.8% sodium citrate.Panguva dzakatarwa nguva dzenguva, kureva 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 uye 60 seconds, NFRCS yakabviswa uye nzvimbo dzadzo dzakacheneswa ropa risina kuvharwa nekuisa sampuli paCt kwemasekonzi makumi matatu.Huremu hwekupedzisira hweropa hwakatorwa neNFRCS 16 hwaifungidzirwa (W1) panguva yega yega.Verenga iyo BAR muzana uchishandisa inotevera fomula:
Nguva yekuvhara ropa (BCT) yakatemwa sezvakataurwa naWang et al.17 .Nguva inodiwa yeropa rose (rat blood premixed ne 3.8% sodium citrate) kuvhara pamberi peNFRCS yakaverengwa seBCT yemuenzaniso wekuedza.Izvo zvakasiyana-siyana zveNFRCS zvikamu (30 mg) zvakaiswa mu 10 ml screw cap vials uye incubated pa 37°C.Ropa (0.5 ml) rakawedzerwa kune vial uye 0.3 ml ye0.2 M CaCl2 yakawedzerwa kuti iite kuti ropa rishande.Pakupedzisira, invert the vial masekonzi gumi nemashanu (kusvika 180 °) kusvika garo rakasimba raumba.Iyo BCT yemuenzaniso inofungidzirwa nenhamba yeflips vails17,18.Kubva paBCT, zvinyorwa zviviri zvakakwana kubva kuNFRCS Cm, Ch uye Cp zvakasarudzwa kuti zviwedzere zvidzidzo zvehunhu.
Iyo BCT yeCh NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS zvinyorwa zvakatemwa nekushandisa nzira yakatsanangurwa naLi et al.19 .Isa 15 x 15 mm2 Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS, uye Cs (positive control) mune zvakasiyana Petri ndiro (37 °C).Ropa rine 3.8% sodium citrate yakasanganiswa ne 0.2 M CaCl2 mu 10: 1 volume ratio kuti itange nzira yekuvhara ropa.20 µl ye 0.2 M CaCl2 musanganiswa weropa wemakonzo wakaiswa kune sampuli yepamusoro ndokuiswa mundiro isina chinhu yePetri.Kudzora kwaive ropa rakadirwa mumidziyo isina chinhu Petri isina Ct.Panguva dzakatarwa dze0, 3, uye 5 maminitsi, rega kuvhara nekuwedzera 10 ml ye deionized (DI) mvura kune sampuli ine ndiro pasina kukanganisa kuvhara.Uncoagulated erythrocytes (erythrocytes) inopinda hemolysis pamberi pemvura yakasvibiswa uye inosunungura hemoglobin.Hemoglobin panguva dzakasiyana (HA(t)) yakayerwa pa540 nm (λmax hemoglobin) pachishandiswa UV-Vis spectrophotometer.Mhedziso yekutorwa kwe hemoglobin (AH(0)) mu 0 min ye 20 µl yeropa mu 10 ml yemvura yakasvibiswa yakatorwa sereferensi mwero.Kutorwa kwehemoglobin (RHA) yeropa rakabatana yakaverengerwa kubva pachiyero HA(t)/HA(0) pachishandiswa batch rimwe chete reropa.
Kushandisa analyzer yezvinyorwa (Texture Pro CT V1.3 Build 15, Brookfield, USA), iyo inonamatira zvinhu zveNFRK kune zvakakanganisika zvinyama zvakatemwa.Dhinda yakazaruka-yakadzika cylindrical dish inopesana nechomukati meganda renguruve (isina dhizaini yemafuta).Samples (Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS) yakashandiswa kuburikidza necannula mu cylindrical molds kugadzira kunamatira kune ganda renguruve.Mushure mokunge 3 miniti incubation pakupisa kwekamuri (RT) (25 ° C.), simba rekunamatira reNFRCS rakanyorwa pane imwe nguva ye 0.5 mm / sec.
Chinhu chikuru chekuvhiya sealants ndechekuwedzera kuvhara kweropa nekuderedza kurasikirwa kweropa.Kurasikirwa kusingagoneki coagulation muNFRCS kwakaongororwa uchishandisa nzira yakambodhindwa yakagadziriswa ine zvishoma zvigadziridzo 19.Ita microcentrifuge tube (2 ml) (mukati dhayamita 10 mm) ne 8 × 5 mm2 gomba kune rumwe rutivi rwe centrifuge tube (inomiririra ronda rakazaruka).NFRCS inoshandiswa kuvhara kuvhura uye tepi inoshandiswa kuvhara kunze kwekunze.Wedzera 20 µl ye0.2 M CaCl2 kune microcentrifuge chubhu ine 3.8% sodium citrate premix.Mushure memaminitsi e10, microcentrifuge tubes yakabviswa kubva mundiro uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemidziyo yakagadziriswa nekuda kwekubuda kweropa kubva kuNFRK (n = 3).Kurasikirwa neropa Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakaenzaniswa neCs.
Kunyorova kuperera kweNFRCS kwakatemwa zvichibva panzira yakatsanangurwa naMishra naChaudhary21 ine zvidiki zvigadziriso.Isa iyo NFRCS mu100 ml Erlenmeyer flask ine 50 ml mvura uye swirl kwe60 s pasina kugadzira pamusoro.Kuongororwa kwekuona uye kuisa pamberi pemasampuli ekutendeseka kwemuviri zvichienderana nekuunganidza.
Simba rekusunga reHFFC kuCt rakadzidzwa pachishandiswa nzira dzakambodhindwa neshanduko diki.Surface coating kutendeseka kwakaongororwa nekufumura NFRK kune acoustic mafungu (external stimulus) pamberi pe milliQ mvura (Ct).Iyo yakagadzirwa NFRCS Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakaiswa mubeaker yakazara nemvura uye sonicated ye1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, uye 30 min, zvichiteerana.Mushure mekuoma, mutsauko wepakati pakati pekutanga uye wekupedzisira uremu hweNFRCS wakashandiswa kuverenga iyo muzana kurasikirwa kwezvinhu (HFFC).In vitro BCT yakawedzera kutsigira simba rekusunga kana kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvepasi.Kushanda kweHFFC kusunga kuCt kunopa kugadzika kweropa uye elastic coating pamusoro peCt22.
Iyo homogeneity yeNFRCS yakagadziridzwa yakatemerwa neBCT yemasampuli (30 mg) yakatorwa kubva kune yakasarudzika yakasarudzika nzvimbo dzeNFRCS.Tevedza maitiro ambotaurwa eBCT kuti uone kutevedzera NFRCS.Kuswedera pakati pemasamples ese mashanu kunovimbisa kuvharika kwepamusoro uye HFFC kuiswa muCt mesh.
Iyo yezita rekuonana kweropa nzvimbo (NBCA) yakatemerwa sezvakambotaurwa neimwe shanduko.Gadzira ropa nekusunga 20 µl yeropa pakati penzvimbo mbiri dzeCt, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS neCs.Mushure meawa imwe, zvikamu zviviri zve stent zvakaparadzaniswa uye zvakayerwa nemaoko nzvimbo yejira.Avhareji kukosha kwekudzokorora katatu kwainzi NBCA NFRCS19.
Kuongorora kweDynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) kwakashandiswa kuongorora kushanda kweNFRCS kutora mvura kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekunze kana kubva panzvimbo yekukuvara inokonzera kutanga kuwirirana.Iyo DVS inoongorora kana kurekodha kukwira kwemhute uye kurasikirwa mumuenzaniso gravimetrically ichishandisa Ultra-sensitive balance ine mass resolution ye ± 0.1 µg.A partial vapor pressure (relative humidity) inogadzirwa neelectronic mass flow controller yakatenderedza sampuli nekusanganisa magasi anotakura uye akaoma. Sekureva kweEuropean Pharmacopeia nhungamiro, zvichibva pahuwandu hwekutorwa kwemwando nemasamples, samples dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvina (0–0.012% w/w-non-hygroscopic, 0.2–2% w/w zvishoma hygroscopic, 2–15% zvine mwero hygroscopic, uye> 35 hygroscopic zvakanyanya) . Sekureva kweEuropean Pharmacopeia nhungamiro, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutorwa kwemwando nemasamples, samples dzakaiswa muzvikamu zvina (0-0.012% w/w-non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w/w zvishoma hygroscopic, 2–15 % zvine mwero hygroscopic%, uye> 315 hygroscopic) zvakanyanya.Zvinoenderana nekurudziro yeEuropean Pharmacopoeia, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekunyoroveswa kwemwando nemasampuli, masampuli akakamurwa kuva 4 zvikamu (0-0.012% w / w - non-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% w / w zvishoma hygroscopic, 2-gumi neshanu%).% умеренно гигроскопичен и > 15% очень гигроскопичен)23. % zvine mwero hygroscopic uye > 15% yakanyanya hygroscopic)23.根据欧洲药典指南，根据樣品吸收水分的百分比，样品分為4 类（0-0.012% w/w-澅比%/w2.吸湿性、2-15 % 适度吸湿，> 15% 非常吸湿）23.根据 欧洲 药典 指南 ， 根据 吸收 水分 的 百分比 样品, 分为分为分为 类 %済/w-10 , , , 0.2-2% W/w 轻微 、 2-15% 适度 吸湿 ，> 15 % 非常吸湿）23.Zvinoenderana nekurudziro yeEuropean Pharmacopoeia, sampuli dzakakamurwa kuita 4 makirasi zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehunyoro hwakatorwa nesample (0-0.012% nehuremu - isiri-hygroscopic, 0.2-2% nekurema zvishoma hygroscopic, 2-15% nehuremu).% умеренно гигроскопичен, > 15 % очень гигроскопичен) 23. % zvine mwero hygroscopic, > 15% yakanyanya hygroscopic) 23.Kushanda kwehygroscopic kweNFCS X NFCS uye TsN NFCS kwakatemwa pane analyzer DVS TA TGA Q5000 SA.Munguva iyi, nguva yekumhanya, humidity humidity (RH), uye chaiyo-nguva yemuenzaniso uremu pa25 ° C24 yakawanikwa.Hunyoro hwemukati hunoverengerwa neiyo NFRCS misa yekuongorora uchishandisa inotevera equation:
MC ndeye NFRCS humidity.m1 - uremu hwakaoma hweNSAIDs.m2 ndiyo chaiyo-nguva NFRCS misa pane yakapihwa RH.
Nzvimbo yese yepasi yakafungidzirwa kushandisa nitrogen adsorption kuyedza ine liquid nitrogen mushure mekudurura masamples pa25 °C ye10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Nzvimbo yese yepasi yakafungidzirwa kushandisa nitrogen adsorption kuyedza ine liquid nitrogen mushure mekudurura masamples pa25 °C ye10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr). Общая площадь поверхности оценивалась с помощью эксперимента по адсорбции азота жидким азотом после опорожнения образцов при 12 × 12 × 12 × 3 Торр). Iyo yakazara nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakafungidzirwa kushandisa nitrogen adsorption kuyedza ine mvura nitrogen mushure mekunge sampuli dzakadururwa pa25 ° C ye10 h (<7 × 10-3 Torr).在25°C 清空樣品10 小时（< 7 × 10-3 Torr）后，使用液氮的氮吸附实验估计总表面积。在 25°C Прочее площадь поверхности оценивалась с использованием экспериментов по адсорбции азотом оценивалась спользованием экспериментов по адсорбции азотом после опользованием экспериментов по адсорбции азотом после опорожнения образ20 °C (< 7 × 10-3 тор). Nzvimbo yose yepasi yakafungidzirwa kushandisa nitrogen adsorption miedzo ine nitrogen yemvura mushure mekunge masampuli abviswa kwemaawa gumi pa25 ° C (<7 x 10-3 torr).Yese pamusoro penzvimbo, pore vhoriyamu uye NFRCS pore saizi yakatemwa neQuantachrome kubva kuNOVA 1000e, Austria uchishandisa RS 232 software.
Gadzirira 5% RBCs (saline se diluent) kubva muropa rose.Wobva waendesa aliquot yeHFFC (0.25 ml) kune 96-tsime ndiro uye 5% RBC mass (0.1 ml).Isa musanganiswa pa 37 ° C kwemaminitsi makumi mana.Musanganiswa wemasero matsvuku eropa uye serum yaionekwa sekutonga kwakanaka, uye musanganiswa wesaline uye masero matsvuku eropa sekutonga kusina kunaka.Hemagglutination yakatemwa maererano nechiyero cheStajitzky.Zviyero zvakarongwa ndezvizvi: + + + + dense granular aggregates;+ + + mapedhi akatsetseka epasi ane mipendero yakakombama;+ + akatsetseka epasi mapedhi ane mipendero yakabvaruka;+ zvindori zvitsvuku zvakatetepa kumativi emapendero akatsetseka;- (negative) discrete dzvuku bhatani 12 pakati pezasi tsime.
Iyo hemocompatibility yeNFRCS yakadzidzwa maererano nenzira yeInternational Organisation for Standardization (ISO) (ISO10993-4, 1999)26,27.Iyo gravimetric nzira inotsanangurwa naSingh et al.Kugadziridzwa kudiki kwakaitwa kuti kuongorore kuumbwa kwethrombus pamberi kana pamusoro peNFRCS.500 mg yeCs, Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakaiswa muphosphate buffered saline (PBS) kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana pa37 ° C.Mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana, PBS yakabviswa uye NFRCS yakabatwa ne 2 ml yeropa rine 3.8% sodium citrate.Pamusoro peNFRCS, wedzera 0.04 ml ye 0.1 M CaCl2 kumasampuli akaiswa.Mushure memaminitsi makumi mana nemashanu, 5 ml yemvura yakasvibiswa yakawedzerwa kuti imise coagulation.Ropa rakabatana pamusoro peNFRK rakarapwa ne 36-38% formaldehyde solution.Mavhinga akagadziriswa ne formaldehyde akaomeswa uye akayerwa.Chikamu che thrombosis chakafungidzirwa nekuverenga huremu hwegirazi pasina ropa uye sampuli (negative control) uye girazi rine ropa (positive control).
Sechisimbiso chekutanga, masampuli akaonekwa pasi pe microscope yemaziso kuti anzwisise kukwanisa kweHFFC pamusoro pekuputira, Ct yakabatana, uye Ct network kuti iite pores.Zvikamu zvitete zveCh uye Cp kubva kuNFRCS zvakachekwa ne scalpel blade.Chikamu chinoguma chakaiswa pagirazi slide, yakafukidzwa nechivharo chekuvhara, uye mipendero yakagadziriswa ne glue.Masiraidhi akagadzirirwa akatariswa pasi pemaikorosikopu yemaziso uye mafoto akatorwa mukukwidziridzwa kwakasiyana.
Polymer deposition muCt network yakaonekwa uchishandisa fluorescence microscopy zvichienderana nenzira yakatsanangurwa naRice et al.29. Kuumbwa kweHFFC kwakashandiswa kugadzira kwakasanganiswa nedhayi refluorescent (amaranth), uye NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dzakagadzirirwa senge nzira yambotaurwa. Kuumbwa kweHFFC kwakashandiswa kugadzira kwakasanganiswa nedhayi refluorescent (amaranth), uye NFRCS (Ch & Cp) dzakagadzirirwa senge nzira yambotaurwa.Kuumbwa kweHFFC kwakashandiswa kugadzira kwakasanganiswa nedhayi refluorescent (amaranth) uye NFRCS (Ch neCp) yakawanikwa maererano nenzira yakambotaurwa.将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制备NFRCSp）将用于配方的HFFC 组合物与荧光染料（苋菜）混合，并按照前面提到的方法制备NFRCSp）Kuumbwa kweHFFC kwakashandiswa mukuumbwa kwakasanganiswa nedhayi refluorescent (Amaranth) uye yakagamuchira NFRCS (Ch uye Cp), sezvambotaurwa.Zvikamu zvitete zveNFRK zvakachekwa kubva kumasampuli akawanikwa, akaiswa pamasiraidhi egirazi, uye akafukidzwa nemashizha ekuvhara.Tarisa masiraidhi akagadzirirwa pasi pemakorosikopu efluorescent uchishandisa sefa yegirini (310-380 nm).Mifananidzo yakatorwa pa4x magnification kuti inzwisise hukama hweCt uye yakawandisa polymer deposition muCt network.
Nzvimbo yepamusoro yeNFRCS Ch neCp yakatemwa kushandisa atomic force microscope (AFM) ine ultra-sharp TESP cantilever mu tapping mode: 42 N/m, 320 kHz, ROC 2-5 nm, Bruker, Taiwan.Kushata kwepamusoro kwakatemwa nemudzi wepakati mativi (RMS) uchishandisa software (Scanning Probe Image Processor).Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeNFRCS dzakapihwa pamifananidzo ye3D kutarisa kufanana kwepasi.Kutsauswa kwechiyero kwezvibodzwa zvenzvimbo yakapihwa kunotsanangurwa sekukora kwepamusoro.Iyo RMS equation yakashandiswa kuyera kushata kwepamusoro kweNFRCS31.
FESEM-based zvidzidzo zvakaitwa neFESEM, SU8000, HI-0876-0003, Hitachi, Tokyo, kunzwisisa maitiro epamusoro eCh NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS, iyo yakaratidza zviri nani BCT kupfuura Cm NFRCS.Chidzidzo cheFESEM chakaitwa maererano nenzira yakatsanangurwa naZhao et al.32 ine zvigadziriso zvidiki.NFRCS 20 kusvika 30 mg Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakanga yakasanganiswa ne 20 µl ye 3.8% sodium citrate yakasanganiswa neropa regonzo.20 μl ye 0.2 M CaCl2 yakawedzerwa kumasampuli akabatwa neropa kuti atange coagulation uye masampuli akaiswa pakamuri tembiricha kwemaminitsi gumi.Mukuwedzera, erythrocyte yakawandisa yakabviswa kubva paNFRCS pamusoro nekusuka nesaline.
Mienzaniso inotevera yakabatwa ne 0.1% glutaraldehyde ndokuzoomeswa muvheni yemhepo inopisa pa 37 ° C kubvisa unyoro.Masampuli akaomeswa akaputirwa uye akaongororwa 32.Mimwe mifananidzo yakawanikwa panguva yekuongorora yakanga iri kuumbwa kwevhavha pamusoro pehuputi hwekotoni yega, polymer deposition pakati peCt, erythrocyte morphology (chimiro), clot integrity, uye erythrocyte morphology pamberi peNFRCS.Nzvimbo dzeNFRCS dzisina kubatwa uye Ch uye Cp dzakabata nzvimbo dzeNFRCS dzakabatanidzwa neropa dzakaongororwa nokuda kweiyo elemental ions (sodium, potassium, nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper uye selenium) 33.Enzanisa elemental ion muzana pakati peakarapwa uye asina kubatwa sampuli kuti unzwisise elemental ion kuunganidza panguva yekugadzira clot uye clot homogeneity.
Ukobvu hweCp HFFC pamusoro pekuputira pamusoro peCt uso hwakatemwa uchishandisa FSEM.Zvikamu zvemuchinjikwa zveCp NFRCS zvakachekwa kubva pachigadziro uye sputter yakaputirwa.Mhedzisiro yakakonzerwa nekuputika kwe sputter yakaonekwa neFESEM uye hupamhi hwehuputi hwepamusoro hwakayerwa 34, 35, 36.
X-ray micro-CT inopa yakakwirira-resolution 3D isina-kuparadza imaging uye inokubvumira kuti udzidze mukati memukati marongero eNFRK.Micro-CT inoshandisa X-ray danda richipfuura nemuchienzaniso kurekodha mutsara wenharaunda attenuation coefficient yeX-rays mumuenzaniso, iyo inobatsira kuwana morphological ruzivo.Nzvimbo yemukati yeCt muCp NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS yakabatwa neropa yakaongororwa ne micro-CT kuti inzwisise kushandiswa kwekutora uye kuvhara ropa pamberi peNFRCS37,38,39.Iyo 3D zvimiro zveropa-yakarapwa uye isina kurapwa Cp NFRCS samples dzakavakwa patsva uchishandisa micro-CT (V | tome | x S240, Phoenix, Germany).Kushandisa VG STUDIO-MAX software vhezheni 2.2, mifananidzo yakati wandei yeX-ray yakatorwa kubva kumakona akasiyana (yakanaka 360° kufukidzwa) kugadzira mifananidzo ye3D yeNFRCS.Iyo data yakaunganidzwa yekufungidzira yakagadzirwazve kuita 3D volumetric mifananidzo uchishandisa inoenderana iri nyore 3D ScanIP Academic software.
Mukuwedzera, kuti unzwisise kugoverwa kwevhavha, 20 µl ye premixed citrated blood uye 20 µl ye 0.2 M CaCl2 yakawedzerwa kune NFRCS kuti itange kuvhara ropa.Mienzaniso yakagadzirirwa inosiiwa kuti iomese.Nzvimbo yeNFRK yakabatwa ne 0.5% glutaraldehyde uye yakaomeswa muvheni yemhepo inopisa pa 30-40 ° C ye30 min.Ropa reropa rakaumbwa paNFRCS rakaongororwa, rakagadzirwazve, uye mufananidzo we3D weropa rekuvhara ropa wakaonekwa.
Antibacterial assays yakaitwa paCp NFRCS (yakanakisisa ichienzaniswa neCh NFRCS) uchishandisa nzira yakambotsanangurwa ine zvigadziridzo zviduku.Basa reAntibacterial reCp NFRCS neCp HFFC rakatemerwa kushandisa matatu akasiyana test microorganisms [S.aureus (gram-positive bacteria), E.coli (gram-negative bacteria) uye white Candida (C.albicans)] inokura pa agar muPetri ndiro mune incubator.Uniformly inoculate 50 ml yeiyo yakanyungudutswa yebhakitiriya tsika kuturika pachikamu che105-106 CFU ml-1 pane agar medium.Dururira svikiro muPetri dish uye rega isimbise.Matsime akagadzirwa pamusoro peagar plate kuti azadze neHFFC (3 matsime eHFFC uye 1 ekutonga kwakashata).Wedzera 200 µl HFFC kumatsime matatu uye 200 µl pH 7.4 PBS kutsime rechina.Kune rumwe rutivi rwepetri dish, isa 12 mm Cp NFRCS disk pane agar yakasimbiswa uye moisten nePBS (pH 7.4).Ciprofloxacin, ampicillin uye mahwendefa efluconazole anoonekwa sezviyero zveStaphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli uye Candida albicans.Pima iyo zone ye inhibition nemaoko uye tora mufananidzo wedhijitari wenzvimbo yekudzivirira.
Mushure mokubvumirwa kwetsika, chidzidzo chakaitwa paKasturba Medical College yeDzidzo uye Tsvakurudzo muManipal, Karnataka, kumaodzanyemba kweIndia.Iyo in vitro TEG yekuyedza protocol yakaongororwa uye yakabvumidzwa neInstitutional Ethics Committee yeKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Vadzorwi vakatorwa kuvapi veropa vanozvipira (vane makore 18 kusvikira ku55) kubva mudura reropa rechipatara.Mukuwedzera, fomu yemvumo ine ruzivo yakawanikwa kubva kune vanozvipira kuti iunganidze masampuli eropa.Native TEG (N-TEG) ​​yakashandiswa kudzidza mhedzisiro yeCp HFFC kuumbwa paropa rose rakasanganiswa ne sodium citrate.N-TEG inonyanya kuzivikanwa nokuda kwebasa rayo mukusimudza-kwe-care kudzorera, izvo zvinogadzira matambudziko kune varapi nekuda kwekugona kwekliniki kunonoka kunonoka mumigumisiro (nguva dzose coagulation tests).N-TEG kuongororwa kwakaitwa uchishandisa ropa rose.Mvumo ine ruzivo uye nhoroondo yezvehutano yakadzama yakawanikwa kubva kune vese vatori vechikamu.Chidzidzo chacho hachina kusanganisira vatori vechikamu vane hemostatic kana thrombotic zvinetso zvakadai sepamuviri / postpartum kana chirwere chechiropa.Zvidzidzo zvinotora zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa coagulation cascade zvakabviswawo muchidzidzo.Basic laboratory tests (hemoglobin, prothrombin time, activated thromboplastin uye platelet count) yakaitwa kune vose vatori vechikamu maererano nemaitiro akaenzana.N-TEG inosarudza ropa clot viscoelasticity, yekutanga clot structure, particle interaction, clot kusimbisa, uye clot lysis.Iyo N-TEG ongororo inopa graphical uye nhamba data pane yakaunganidzwa mhedzisiro ye akati wandei cellular zvinhu uye plasma.N-TEG ongororo yakaitwa pamavhoriyamu maviri akasiyana eCp HFFC (10 µl uye 50 µl).Nekuda kweizvozvo, 1 ml yeropa rose ine citric acid yakawedzerwa ku10 μl yeCp HFFC.Wedzera 1 ml (Cp HFFC + citrated blood), 340 µl ropa rakasanganiswa kusvika pa20 µl 0.2 M CaCl2 ine TEG dish.Pashure pacho, TEG ndiro dzakaiswa muTEG® 5000, US kuyera R, K, alpha angle, MA, G, CI, TPI, EPL, LY 30% yemasampuli eropa pamberi peCp HFFC41.
Iyo in vivo yekudzidza protocol yakaongororwa uye yakabvumidzwa neInstitutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), Kasturba Chikoro cheMishonga, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Kuedza kwese kwemhuka kwakaitwa maererano nekurudziro yeKomiti yeKudzora uye Kutariswa kweMhuka Kuedza (CPCSEA).Zvese mu vivo NFRCS zvidzidzo (2 × 2 cm2) zvakaitwa pavakadzi Wistar rats (inorema 200 kusvika 250 g).Mhuka dzese dzaive dzakajairwa pakudziya kwe24-26 ° C, mhuka dzaive nemahara kuwana kune yakajairwa chikafu nemvura ad libitum.Mhuka dzese dzakapatsanurwa zvisina tsarukano kuita mapoka akasiyana, boka rimwe nerimwe raive nemhuka nhatu.Zvose zvidzidzo zvakaitwa maererano neAnimal Studies: Report yeIn Vivo Experiments 43.Pamberi pekudzidza, mhuka dzakange dzave anesthetized ne intraperitoneal (ip) kutonga kwemusanganiswa we 20-50 mg ketamine (pa1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri) uye 2-10 mg ye xylazine (pa1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri).Mushure mekudzidza, vhoriyamu yekubuda ropa yakaverengerwa nekuongorora mutsauko pakati pekutanga uye kwekupedzisira kuyerwa kwemasampuri, chiyero chepakati chakawanikwa kubva kumiyedzo mitatu chakatorwa sevhoriyamu yekubuda ropa yemuenzaniso.
Iyo rat tail amputation model yakaitwa kuti inzwisise kugona kweNFRCS kugadzirisa kubuda ropa mukushungurudzika, kurwisa, kana tsaona yemotokari (modhi yekukuvadza).Cheka 50% yemuswe ne scalpel blade woisa mumhepo kwema 15 s kuti uve nechokwadi chekubuda ropa.Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo dzakaiswa pamuswe wegonzo nekushandisa kumanikidza (Ct, Cs, Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS).Kubuda ropa uye PCT zvakashumwa kune bvunzo sampuli (n = 3) 17,45.
Kushanda kwe NFRCS kudzvinyirira kutonga muhondo kwakaongororwa pamuenzaniso wepamusoro wetsinga yevakadzi.Iyo femoral artery inoburitswa pachena, yakabaiwa ne 24G trocar, uye kubuda ropa mukati memasekondi gumi nemashanu.Mushure mekubuda ropa kusingadzoreki kucherechedzwa, bvunzo yemuenzaniso inoiswa panzvimbo yepuncture nekumanikidza kunoshandiswa.Pakarepo mushure mekushandiswa kwemuenzaniso wekuedza, nguva yekuvhara yakanyorwa uye hemostatic effect yakaonekwa kwemaminitsi mashanu anotevera.Nzira imwechete yakadzokororwa neCs uye Ct46.
Dowling et al.47 yakaronga muenzaniso wekukuvara kwechiropa kuti uongorore kukwanisa kwehemostatic yehemostatic zvinhu mumamiriro ekubuda ropa kwemukati.BCT yakanyorerwa Ct samples (negative control), Cs framework (positive control), Ch NFRCS samples, uye Cp NFRCS samples.Iyo suprahepatic vena cava yegonzo yakafumurwa nekuita median laparotomy.Mushure maizvozvi, chikamu chekure cheruboshwe chakachekwa nechigero.Ita chiropa muchiropa ne scalpel blade uye rega ichibuda ropa kwemasekonzi mashoma.Yakanyatso kuyera Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS test samples dzakaiswa panzvimbo yakakanganisika pasina kumanikidzwa kwakanaka uye BCT yakanyorwa.Boka rinodzora (Ct) rakabva rashandisa kumanikidza kunoteverwa neCs 30 s47 pasina kuputsa kukuvara.
In vivo maronda ekupora assays akaitwa pachishandiswa excisional ronda modhi yekuongorora maronda ekupora zvimiro zveyakagadzirwa polymer-based NFRCSs.Mienzaniso yemaronda ekubvisa yakasarudzwa uye yakaitwa maererano nenzira dzakambodhindwa dzakadhindwa nekugadzirisa kuduku19,32,48.Mhuka dzese dzakaradzikwa sezvakatsanangurwa kare.Shandisa biopsy punch (12 mm) kuita denderedzwa yakadzika incision muganda remusana.Nzvimbo dzemaronda dzakagadzirirwa dzakapfekedzwa neCs (positive control), Ct (ichiziva kuti machira ekotoni anokanganisa kuporesa), Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS (boka rekuedza) uye kutonga kusina kunaka pasina kurapwa.Pazuva rega rega rekudzidza, nzvimbo yeronda yakayerwa mumakonzo ese.Shandisa kamera yedhijitari kutora mufananidzo wenzvimbo yeronda uye kupfeka jira idzva.Chiyero chekuvharwa kweronda chakayerwa neinotevera fomula:
Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuvharwa kwemaronda pazuva regumi nemaviri rekudzidza, ganda regonzo reboka rakanakisa rakabviswa ((Cp NFRCS) neboka rekutonga) uye rakadzidzwa neH&E staining uye Masson's trichrome staining. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuvharwa kwemaronda pazuva regumi nemaviri rekudzidza, ganda regonzo reboka rakanakisa rakabviswa ((Cp NFRCS) neboka rekutonga) uye rakadzidzwa neH&E staining uye Masson's trichrome staining.Kubva pahuwandu hwekuvharwa kwemaronda pazuva re12 rekudzidza, ganda remakonzo eboka rakanakisisa ((Cp NFRCS) uye boka rekutonga) rakabviswa uye rakaongororwa nekusvibiswa ne hematoxylin-eosin uye Masson's trichrome.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进海行H&Mas.究.根据研究第12天的伤口闭合百分比，切除最佳组((Cp NFRCS)和对照组)的大鼠皮肤，进行H&E扄)Makonzo ari muboka rakanakisa ((Cp NFRCS) uye mapoka ekudzora) akacheneswa kune hematoxylin-eosin staining uye Masson's trichrome staining zvichibva pazana rekuvhara maronda pazuva rechigumi nemaviri rechidzidzo.Iyo yakatemerwa staining maitiro yakaitwa maererano neyakatsanangurwa nzira49,50.Nenguva pfupi, mushure mekugadzirisa mu10% formalin, masampuli akapera mvura achishandisa nhevedzano yezvinwiwa zvinodhaka.Shandisa microtome kuwana zvikamu zvitete (5 µm mukobvu) zvenyama yakabviswa.Zvikamu zvakatetepa zvekutonga uye Cp NFRCS zvakarapwa nehematoxylin uye eosin kuti idzidze histopathological shanduko.Masson's trichrome stain yakashandiswa kuona kuumbwa kwecollagen fibrils.Migumisiro yakawanikwa yakadzidzwa neupofu nevanoongorora zvirwere.
Kugadzikana kweCp NFRCS samples kwakadzidzwa pane tembiricha yekamuri (25 ° C ± 2 ° C / 60% RH ± 5%) kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri51.Cp NFRCS (surface discoloration uye microbial growth) yakaongororwa nemaziso uye yakaedzwa kupeta kupfeka kuramba uye BCT maererano nenzira dziri pamusoro dzakatsanangurwa muchikamu cheZvishandiso uye Nzira.
The scalability uye reproducibility yeCp NFRCS yakaongororwa nekugadzirira Cp NFRCS nehukuru hwe15 × 15 cm2.Mukuwedzera, 30 mg samples (n = 5) yakabviswa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zveCp NFRCS zvikamu uye BCT yezvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa zvakaongororwa sezvakatsanangurwa kare muchikamu cheNzira.
Takaedza kugadzira maumbirwo akasiyana siyana uye zvimiro tichishandisa Cp NFRCS nziyo dzeakasiyana biomedical application.Maumbirwo akadai kana magadzirirwo anosanganisira conical swabs yemhino inobuda ropa, mazino maitiro, uye cylindrical swabs yekubuda ropa kwemukadzi.
Maseti ese e data anoratidzwa seanoreva ± kutsauswa kwakajairika uye akaongororwa neANOVA vachishandisa Prism 5.03 (GraphPad, San Diego, CA, USA) ichiteverwa neBonferroni's multiple comparisons test (* p <0.05).
Maitiro ese aiitwa muzvidzidzo zvevanhu aienderana nezviyero zveInstitute neNational Research Council, pamwe neDeclaration yeHelsinki 1964 uye nekugadziridzwa kwayo kwaitevera, kana miitiro yakafanana.Vese vatori vechikamu vakaziviswa nezvezvimiro zvechidzidzo uye chimiro chayo chekuzvidira.Data yevatori vechikamu inoramba yakavanzika kana yaunganidzwa.Iyo in vitro TEG yekuyedza protocol yakaongororwa uye yakabvumidzwa neInstitutional Ethics Committee yeKasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka (IEC: 674/2020).Vazvipiri vakasaina mvumo vachinyatsoziva kuti vatore masampuli eropa.
Maitiro ese akaitwa muzvidzidzo zvemhuka akaitwa zvinoenderana neKastuba Faculty of Medicine, Manipal Institute of Higher Education, Manipal (IAEC/KMC/69/2020).Kuedza kwese kwemhuka kwakagadzirwa kwakaitwa maererano nemirairo yeKomiti yeKudzora uye Kutarisira Mhuka Kuedza (CPCSEA).Vese vanyori vanotevedzera ma ARRIVE nhungamiro.
Iyo FTIR spectra yeNFRCS yese yakaongororwa uye ichienzaniswa neyechitosan spectrum inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 2A.Characteristic spectral peaks ye chitosan (yakanyorwa) pa 3437 cm-1 (OH uye NH kutambanudza, kupindirana), 2945 uye 2897 cm-1 (CH kutambanudza), 1660 cm-1 (NH2 strain), 1589 cm-1 (N-H kupfugama ), 1106 cm - 1157 cm-, 1157 cm-7 hydroxyl), 993 cm-1 (tambanudza CO, Bo-OH) 52.53.54.Supplementary Tafura S1 inoratidza iyo FTIR NFRCS yekunyudza spectrum kukosha kwechitosan (reporter), pure chitosan, Cm, Ch, uye Cp.Iyo FTIR spectra yeNFRCS yose (Cm, Ch uye Cp) yakaratidza maitiro akafanana ekutora mabhendi sechitosan yakachena pasina kuchinja kukuru (Fig. 2A).Mhedzisiro yeFTIR yakasimbisa kusavapo kwemakemikari kana kusangana kwemuviri pakati pemapolymer anoshandiswa kugadzira iyo NFRCS, zvichiratidza kuti mapolymers anoshandiswa anert.
In vitro maitiro eCm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS, Cp NFRCS uye Cs.(A) inomiririra yakasanganiswa FTIR spectra yezvinyorwa zve chitosan uye Cm NFRCS, Ch NFRCS uye Cp NFRCS pasi pekumanikidzwa.(B) a) Kuwedzerwa kweropa rose kweNFRCS Cm, Ch, Cp, uye Cg (n = 3);Iwo maCt samples airatidza BAR yepamusoro nekuti swab yekotoni ine yakanyanya kunyura inoshanda;b) Ropa mushure mekutora ropa Mufananidzo wemuenzaniso wakatorwa.Graphical inomiririra yeBCT yebvunzo sampuli C (Cp NFRCS yaive neyakanakisa BCT (15 s, n = 3)). Dhata muC, D, E, uye G zvakaratidzwa sezvinoreva ± SD, uye mabhawa ekukanganisa anomiririra SD, ***p <0.0001. Dhata muC, D, E, uye G zvakaratidzwa sezvinoreva ± SD, uye mabhawa ekukanganisa anomiririra SD, ***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G представлены как среднее ± стандартное отклонение, а планки погрешностей представляют стандартное отклонение,0, *** Dhata muC, D, E, uye G zvinoratidzwa sezvinoreva ± kutsauswa kwakajairwa, uye mabhawa ekukanganisa anomiririra kutsauka kwakajairwa, ***p <0.0001. C, D、E 和G 中的数据显示為平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. C, D、E 和G 中的数据显示為平均值± SD，误差线代表SD，***p <0.0001. Данные в C, D, E и G показаны как среднее значение значение ± стандартное отклонение, планки погрешностей представляют стандартное отклонение,0, 10 ***p. Dhata muC, D, E, uye G anoratidzwa sezvinoreva ± kutsauswa kwakajairwa, mabhawa ekukanganisa anomiririra kutsauka kwakajairwa, ***p <0.0001.