Zvikamu zvekudzivirira kwepombi zvakaratidzwa kuti zvinodzivirira mapombi kubva kujecha uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kweESPs mumatsime asina kujairika.Iyi mhinduro inodzora kudzoka kwejecha refrac nezvimwe zvakasimba zvinogona kukonzera kuwandisa uye kupera nguva.Iyo teknolojia inogonesa inobvisa matambudziko anokonzerwa nekusavimbika kwekuparadzirwa kwechidimbu.
Sezvo matsime emafuta akawanda achivimba neESPs, kuwedzera hupenyu hwemagetsi emagetsi ekuputira (ESP) kunowedzera kukosha.Upenyu hwekushanda uye kushanda kwemapombi ekusimudza ekugadzira anonzwa kune zvakasimba mumvura inogadzirwa.Upenyu hwekushanda uye kushanda kweESP kwakaderera zvikuru nekuwedzera kwezvikamu zvakasimba.Mukuwedzera, zvinyoro zvinowedzera tsime downtime uye workover frequency inodiwa kuti itsive nguva yeESP yekushanda.
Zvimedu zvakasimba zvinowanzoyerera nepapombi dzekusimudzira dzinosanganisira jecha rekugadzira, hydraulic fracturing proppants, simende, uye zvimedu zvesimbi zvakakukurwa kana kuita ngura.Downhole technologies yakagadzirirwa kupatsanura solids range kubva kune yakaderera-efficiency cyclones kusvika kune yakakwirira-efficiency 3D Stainless steel wire merts. marily anoshandiswa kudzivirira mapombi kubva kuzvikamu zvakakura panguva yekugadzirwa.Zvisinei, matsime asina kujairika ari pasi pe intermittent slug flow, izvo zvinoita kuti iripo downhole vortex separator tekinoroji inoshanda chete nguva nenguva.
Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwakasanganiswa kwejecha rekudzivirira zvikwangwani uye downhole vortex desanders zvakarongerwa kuchengetedza ESPs.Zvisinei, pane zvipingamupinyi mukudzivirira nekugadzirwa kwekuita kwemapombi ose nekuda kwekusavimbika mukugoverwa kwehukuru uye huwandu hwezvakaoma zvinogadzirwa netsime rimwe nerimwe.Kusava nechokwadi kunowedzera kureba kwezvikamu zvekutonga kwejecha, nokudaro kuderedza kudzika kwepasi kunogona kudzika kudzika kweESP, kuderedza kuderera kwehupfumi kunogona kudzikamisa, ESP inogona kudzika. s. Kudzika kwakadzika kudzika kunosarudzwa mumatsime asina kujairika.Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwe-de-sanders uye varume-plug madhaka anchors kumisa magungano akareba, akaoma ejecha rekutonga muzvikamu zvecasing nepamusoro dogleg kuoma kwakaganhurirwa ESP MTBF kuvandudzwa.Kuora kwechubhu yemukati ndechimwe chikamu chegadziriro iyi isina kuongororwa.
Vanyori vepepa re2005 vakapa migumisiro yekuedza kwepasi pejecha separator inobva kune cyclone tube (Mufananidzo 1), iyo yaienderana nechamupupuri chiito uye simba rinokwevera pasi, kuratidza kuti kupatsanurwa kwakanaka kunoenderana nemafuta viscosity, kuyerera kwehuwandu, uye particle size .Vanoratidza kuti kushanda kweiyo separator kunonyanya kutsamira pakugadzirisa kuderera kwechidimbu chekugadzirisa kuderera kwehuwandu hwemagetsi. particle size, uye kuwedzera mafuta viscosity, Figure 2. Kune yakajairwa cyclone chubhu downhole separator, kupatsanurwa kushanda zvakanaka kunodonha kusvika ~ 10% sezvo particle size inodonha kusvika ~ 100 µm.Mukuwedzera, sezvo chiyero chekuyerera chinowedzera, iyo vortex separator inotarisana nekuputika kwevhu, iyo inokanganisa kushandiswa kwehupenyu hwezvikamu zvehupenyu.
Iyo inotevera inonzwisisika imwe nzira ndeyekushandisa 2D jecha rekutonga skrini ine yakatsanangurwa slot width.Particle size uye kugovera zvakakosha kufunga pakusarudza zvidzitiro zvekusefa zvakaomeswa mune zvakajairika kana zvisingabvumirwe kugadzirwa kwematsime, asi zvinogona kunge zvisingazivikanwi.Zvakaoma zvinogona kubva mudura, asi zvinogona kusiyana kubva kune chitsitsinho kusvika kune chitsitsinho;neimwe nzira, chidzitiro chingada kusefa jecha kubva kune hydraulic fracturing.Mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu, mutengo wekuunganidza solids, kuongororwa uye kuyedzwa kunogona kurambidza.
Kana iyo 2D tubing skrini isina kunyatsogadziriswa, mhedzisiro inogona kukanganisa hupfumi hwetsime.Sand screen kuvhurika kuri kudiki kunogona kukonzera plugging nguva isati yakwana, kuvharika uye kudiwa kwekugadzirisa workovers.Kana yakakura kwazvo, inobvumira solids kupinda zvakasununguka mukugadzira, iyo inogona kukanganisa mapombi emafuta, kukuvadza, kukuvadza kuputika kwepasi uye kuputika kwejecha kwepasi pevhu. sal.Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anoda mhinduro iri nyore, inodhura inogona kuwedzera hupenyu hwepombi uye kuvhara kupararira kwejecha hukuru.
Kuti zvizadzise chido ichi, chidzidzo chakaitwa pamusoro pekushandiswa kwemavharuvhu magungano pamwe chete nesimbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh, iyo isinganzwisisi kune inoguma yakaomeswa kugovera.Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti simbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh ine inoshanduka pore saizi uye 3D chimiro chinogona kunyatso kudzora zvimedu zvehukuru hwakasiyana pasina kuziva particle size kugoverwa kwezvakaoma zvinoguma. kusefa.
Ivhavhavha yakasungirirwa pasi pechidzitiro inobvumira kugadzirwa kuenderera mberi kusvikira ESP yabudiswa kunze.Inodzivirira ESP kuti irege kutorwa pakarepo mushure mekunge chidzitiro chavharwa.Iyo inoguma inlet jecha control screen uye gungano revharuvhu rinodzivirira ESPs, pombi yekusimudza tsvimbo, uye gasi kusimudza kupedzisa kubva kune zvakasimba panguva yekugadzirwa nekuchenesa kuyerera kwemvura uye inopa mari-inoshanda mhinduro yekuwedzera mamiriro akasiyana-siyana epombi reservo.
Chekutanga chizvarwa pombi kudzivirira design.A pombi kudzivirira musangano kushandisa Stainless mvere dzemakwai zvidzitiro akaiswa muutsi akabatsira giravhiti drainage zvakanaka muWestern Canada kudzivirira ESP kubva kuoma panguva production.Screens sefa zvinokuvadza zvakaonda kubva kugadzirwa fluid sezvo inopinda kugadzirwa tambo.Mukati tambo yekugadzira, zvinwiwa zvinoyerera kusvika ESP inlet, apo ivo vanoputirwa nemhepo inoyerera mvura yemvura zvakanaka muWestern Canada kuchengetedza ESP kubva kune yakaoma panguva yekugadzirwa.Zvikrini zvinosefa zvinokuvadza zvinokuvadza kubva mukugadzirwa kwemvura sezvainopinda mutambo yekugadzira.Mukati mekugadzira tambo, mvura inoyerera ichienda kune ESP inlet, iyo iyo inoputirwa kumhepo inovhuvhuta kuti ienderere mberi kweiyo zone yekugadzira uye kupa ESP yekugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye kupa iyo isolation yepasi uye ESP yekugadzira iyo inogona kumhanyisa kugadzirwa kweESP. tsime repamusoro.
Pamusoro penguva yekugadzira, nzvimbo ye annular pakati pechidzitiro uye casing inowanzoita bhiriji nejecha, izvo zvinowedzera kuyerera kwekudzivirira.Pakupedzisira, annulus mabhiriji zvachose, anomisa kuyerera, uye anogadzira kusiyana kwekumanikidzwa pakati petsime uye tambo yekugadzira, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3. Panguva ino, mvura haigoni kuyerera kuESP uye tambo yekupedzisa inofanira kudhonzwa.Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzine chokuita nekugadzirwa kwezvakaoma, nguva inodiwa kuti imise kuyerera kuburikidza nezambuko rakasimba pahwindo ringave risingasviki nguva iyo yaizobvumira ESP kupomba yakaoma yakaremerwa fluid inoreva nguva pakati pekukundikana kusvika pasi, saka chizvarwa chechipiri chezvikamu chakagadzirwa.
Chizvarwa chechipiri chekuchengetedzwa kwepombi musangano.PumpGuard * inlet jecha control screen uye valve assembly system inomiswa pasi pe REDA * pombi muFigure 4, muenzaniso weESP isingaenzaniswi kupera.Kana tsime riri kubudisa, chidzitiro chinosefa zvakasimba mukugadzirwa, asi chichatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kubhuroka nejecha uye kugadzira kudzvinyirira kusiyanisa.Apo uku kusiyanisa kunokonzera kuyerera kunopinda muvhavha yakavhurika kuyerera kunopinda mukati mevhavha yakavhurika, inobvumira kuvhara kwevhavha inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka, iyo inobvumira kuvhara kwevhavha inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka, iyo inobvumira kuvhara kwevhavha inoyerera inosvika kuvhavha yakazaruka inopinda mukati mevhavha inoputika. tambo kuESP.Kuyerera uku kunofananidzira kudzvinyirirwa kusiyanisa pahwindo, kusunungura kubata kwemasaga ejecha kunze kwechidzitiro.Sand yakasununguka kubuda kunze kwe annulus, iyo inoderedza kuyerera kwekudzivirira kuburikidza nekrini uye inobvumira kuyerera kuti itangezve.Sezvo kusiyana kwekudzvinyirira kunodonha, vharafu inodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yakavharwa uye yakajairika kuyerera kwemamiriro ezvinhu anotangazve. muchinyorwa chino ratidza kuti sisitimu inokwanisa kuwedzera zvakanyanya hupenyu hwepombi kana ichienzaniswa nekumhanya kuongorora kupedzwa chete.
Pakugadzwa kwechangobva kuitika, sarudzo inotungamirirwa nemari yakaunzwa yenzvimbo yekuzviparadzanisa pakati pesimbi isina tsvina yewaya mesh uye ESP.A inodzika yakatarisana nekapu packer inokwidzwa pamusoro pechikamu chekrini.Pamusoro pekapu packer, kuwedzera kwepakati chubhu perforations inopa nzira yekuyerera yemvura inogadzirwa kuti ifambe kubva mukati mechidzitiro kuenda kune annular space pamusoro pepacker, apo iyo fluid inogona kupinda muESP.
Stainless simbi waya mesh sefa yakasarudzirwa mhinduro iyi inopa mabhenefiti akati wandei pamusoro pegap-based 2D mesh marudzi.2D mafirita anovimba zvakanyanya nezvikamu zvinotenderera sefa mabhegi kana slots yekuvaka mabhegi ejecha uye kupa jecha control.Zvisinei, sezvo imwechete gap kukosha kunogona kusarudzwa kune chidzitiro, iyo skrini inova yakanyanya kunzwisiswa nekupararira kwechikamu chekukura kwemvura inogadzirwa.
Kusiyana neizvi, mubhedha wakakora wemambure e-stainless simbi waya mesh sefa inopa yakakwira porosity (92%) uye yakakura yakavhurika kuyerera nzvimbo (40%) yeinogadzirwa wellbore fluid.Sefa inovakwa nekudzvanya simbi isina tsvina yemvere dzemambure uye nekuiputira yakananga kutenderedza perforated centre chubhu, yobva yaiisa mukati me perforated inodzivirira kavha iyo inogadzika pakati pemubhedha weangular kune imwe neimwe mesh-inoperera pamubhedha. orientation (kubva pa15 µm kusvika 600 µm) inobvumira mafaindi asingakuvadzi kuti ayerere achitevedza nzira ye3D inoyerera ichienda kuchubhu yepakati mushure mekunge zvidimbu zvihombe uye zvinokuvadza zvavharirwa mukati me mesh.Kuongororwa kwejecha rekuchengetedza pazvienzaniso zvesefa iyi kwakaratidza kuti sefa inochengetedza kupenya kwepamusoro nekuti fluid inogadzirwa kuburikidza nesefa inogadzirwa nesefa inogadzirwa nesefa inogadzirwa nesefa inogadzirwa sefa. Iyi sikirini yemvere dzesimbi isina tsvina yakagadziridzwa nemushandi mukuru muma1980s zvakanangana nekuzvigadzirisa-yega skrini mumadhirimu anosimudzirwa emvura uye ine rekodhi yakakura yekumisikidza kwakabudirira.
Musangano wevharuvhu unosanganisira chitubu-chakaremerwa vharafu inobvumira imwe-nzira kuyerera mutambo yetubing kubva kunzvimbo yekugadzira.Nekugadzirisa coil spring preload isati yaiswa, valve inogona kugadziriswa kuti iwane yaidiwa kuputika kumanikidzwa kwekushandiswa. yakaderera kutsemuka kudzvanya pane yakaderera vharafu.
Nokufamba kwenguva, zvimedu zvekugadzira zvinozadza nzvimbo ye annular pakati pekunze kwechidziviriro chepombi chekudzivirira uye rusvingo rwechivharo chekugadzira.Sezvo ganda rinozadza nejecha uye zvikamu zvinosimbisa, kudonha kwemhepo kunowira pamusoro pejecha rinowedzera.Apo kudonha uku kunowedzera kunosvika kune preset value, valve yekoni inovhura uye inobvumira kuyerera zvakananga kuburikidza nepombi inlet. filter.Nekuda kwekuderedza kudzvinyirira kusiyanisa, kuyerera kuchatangazve kuburikidza nechidzitiro uye valve yekutora ichavhara.Saka, pombi inogona kungoona kuyerera zvakananga kubva muvharivha kwenguva pfupi.Izvi zvinowedzera hupenyu hwepombi, sezvo yakawanda yekuyerera ndiyo mvura inoshandiswa kuburikidza nejecha rejecha.
Iyo pombi yekudzivirira system yaishandiswa nemapackers mumatsime matatu akasiyana muDelaware Basin muUnited States.Chinangwa chikuru ndechekuderedza nhamba yeESP inotanga uye inomira nekuda kwekuremerwa kwejecha uye kuwedzera kuwanikwa kweESP yekuvandudza kugadzirwa.Ipombi yekudzivirira inomiswa kubva kumucheto wezasi wetambo yeESP.Zvigumisiro zvechitsime chemafuta chinoratidza kugadzikana kwepombi yepombi, kuderedzwa kwechitsime chemafuta uye kugadzirwa kwepombi yezvino inogadzirisa. , jecha uye zvionda zvine chekuita nekudzika nguva zvakaderedzwa ne75% uye hupenyu hwepombi hwakawedzera neinopfuura 22%.
Tsime.An ESP system yakaiswa mune itsva yekuchera uye fracturing tsime muMartin County, Texas.Mugove wakatwasuka wetsime unosvika 9,000 tsoka uye chikamu chakachinjika chinosvika ku12,000 tsoka, yakayerwa kudzika (MD) .Pakupedzwa kuviri kwekutanga, downhole vortex sand separator system ine nhanhatu yekuisa separator chikamu chakaiswa sechikamu chekubatanidza ESPral yemhando yekubatanidza kwakafanana kwakaiswa sechikamu cheESPral yekubatanidza kwakafanana. yejecha separator, maitiro asina kugadzikana eESP maitiro ekushanda (ikozvino kusimba uye kuzununguka) akaonekwa.Disassembly kuongororwa kweiyo yakadhonzwa ESP unit yakaratidza kuti vortex gas separator musangano wakanga wakavharwa nekunze kwenyika, iyo yakatsunga kuva jecha nokuti haisi-magnetic uye haina makemikari inobata neasidhi.
Muchikamu chechitatu cheESP chekuisa, simbi isina tsvina yesimbi mesh yakatsiva jecha separator senzira yeESP kutonga kwejecha.Mushure mekuisa pombi itsva yekudzivirira hurongwa, ESP yakaratidza hutsika hwakanyanya kugadzikana, kuderedza huwandu hwemagetsi emazuva ano kuchinja kubva ~ 19 A yekuisa #2 kusvika ~ 6.3 A yekuisa #3.Vibration inowedzera kugadzikana nekudonha kwe75 kuderera kwakaderedzwa zvakare. uye yakawana imwezve 100 psi yepressure drop.ESP overload shutdowns inoderedzwa ne100% uye ESP inoshanda nekuderera kwakadzika.
Zvakanaka B. Mune rimwe tsime pedyo neEunice, New Mexico, rimwe tsime risina kujairika raiva neESP yakaiswa asi pasina kudzivirira kwepombi.Mushure mekutanga kudonha kwebhoti, ESP yakatanga kuratidza maitiro asina kunaka.Kushanduka kwezvino uye kudzvinyirira kunobatanidzwa nekudengenyeka kwemhepo.Mushure mekuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu aya kwemazuva 137, ESP yakakundikana uye imwe nzvimbo yakagadziridzwa yakagadziridzwa. ESP yakanga ichishanda zvakajairika, ine amperage yakagadzikana uye kuderera kuduku.Panguva yekubudiswa, yechipiri kumhanya kweESP yakanga yasvika pamusoro pemazuva 300 ekushanda, kuvandudzwa kunokosha pamusoro pekuiswa kwekare.
Zvakanaka C.The system's third on-site installation yaiva muMentone, Texas, nekambani yemafuta uye gasi yakakosha iyo yakasangana nekudzima uye kukundikana kweESP nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwejecha uye yaida kuvandudza pombi uptime.Operators vanowanzoshandisa downhole jecha separators ne liner muESP imwe neimwe zvakanaka.Zvisinei, kana liner ichizadza nejecha, separator ichabvumira jecha, nhanho, kuyerera kwechigadziro chepombi inoyerera kuburikidza nechikamu chepombi inoyerera. mushure mekushandisa hurongwa hutsva nemudziviriri wepombi, ESP ine 22% yehupenyu hurefu hwekushanda nekuderera kwakanyanya kwekudzvinyirira uye zviri nani ESP-inoenderana nenguva.
Kuwanda kwejecha uye zvakaonda-zvine chekuita nekuvhara panguva yekushanda kwakadzikira ne75%, kubva pa8 zviitiko zvekuremedza mukutanga kuisirwa kusvika kune maviri pakugadzwa kwechipiri, uye nhamba yezvakabudirira restarts mushure mekuremerwa kuvharwa kwakawedzera ne30%, kubva pa8 mukuiswa kwekutanga.Zvose zvezviitiko zve12, zvezviitiko zve8, zvakaitwa mukuiswa kwechipiri, kuderedza kushushikana kwemagetsi pamidziyo uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwekushanda kweESP.
Mufananidzo 5 unoratidza kuwedzera kamwe-kamwe mukusaina kudzvinyirira (blue) apo mesh yesimbi isina tsvina yakavharwa uye gungano revhavha rinovhurwa.Iyi siginecha yekumanikidza inogona kuwedzera kuvandudza kushanda kwekugadzira kuburikidza nekufanotaura kukanganisa kweESP kwakabatana nejecha, saka kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa nekushanda kwekushanda kunogona kurongwa.
1 Martins, JA, ES Rosa, S. Robson, “Ongororo yekuongorora swirl chubhu semudziyo wepasi desander,” SPE Pepa 94673-MS, yakapihwa kuSPE Latin America neCaribbean Petroleum Engineering Musangano, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Chikumi 20 - Kukadzi 23, 2005.https://doi.4673-0.
Ichi chinyorwa chine zvinhu kubva kuSPE bepa 207926-MS, yakaratidzwa kuAbu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition uye Musangano mu Abu Dhabi, UAE, 15-18 Mbudzi 2021.
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