Longitudinal welds mune Stainless simbi mabara ari electrochemically debured kuti ive nechokwadi passivation.Mufananidzo nerubatsiro rweWalter Surface Technologies
Fungidzira kuti mugadziri anopinda muchibvumirano chekugadzira chigadzirwa chakakosha chesimbi isina tsvina.Mashizha esimbi uye zvikamu zvepombi zvinotemwa, zvakakotama uye zvakasungirirwa zvisati zvatumirwa kuchiteshi chekupedzisa.Chikamu chacho chine mahwendefa akasungwa vertically kune pombi.Mawelds anotaridzika zvakanaka, asi hausi iwo mutengo wakakodzera uyo mutengi ari kutsvaga.Nekuda kweizvozvo, muguyo anopedza nguva achibvisa simbi yeweld kupfuura nguva.Zvadaro, nhamo, ruvara rwebhuruu rwakasiyana rwakaonekwa pamusoro - chiratidzo chakajeka chekupisa kwakanyanya.Muchiitiko ichi, izvi zvinoreva kuti chikamu hachizosangana nezvinodiwa nemutengi.
Kazhinji inoitwa nemaoko, jecha uye kupedza zvinoda hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi.Kukanganisa pakupedzisa kunogona kudhura zvakanyanya kufunga nezve kukosha kwese kwakaiswa pane workpiece.Kuwedzera zvinhu zvinodhura zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakadai sesimbi isina tsvina, rework uye zvirahwe zvekuisa mari inogona kunge yakakwira.Kusanganiswa nematambudziko akadai sekusvibiswa uye kutadza kufambiswa, kushanda kwesimbi isina simbi kwakambobatsira kunogona kusaita pundutso kana kutokuvadza mukurumbira.
Vagadziri vanodzivirira sei zvese izvi?Vanogona kutanga nekuwedzera ruzivo rwavo rwekukuya nekupedzisa, kunzwisisa mabasa avanoita uye mabatiro avanoita simbi isina tsvina.
Aya haasi anoreva zvakafanana.Muchokwadi, munhu wese ane chinangwa chakasiyana.Kukuya kunobvisa zvinhu zvakadai semaburrs uye yakawandisa weld metal, nepo kupedzisa kunopa kupera kwakanaka kune simbi pamusoro.Kuvhiringidzika kunonzwisisika, zvichipiwa kuti avo vanokuya nemavhiri makuru ekukuya vanobvisa simbi yakawanda nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye kukwenya kwakadzika kunogona kusiiwa mukuita.Asi kana uchikuya, zvikwambo zvinongoitika chete, chinangwa ndechekukurumidza kubvisa zvinhu, kunyanya kana uchishanda nesimbi-sensitive simbi sesimbi isina tsvina.
Kupedza kunoitwa mumatanho sezvo mushandisi anotanga negrit yakakora uye achifambira mberi kusvika kumavhiri ekukuya akatsetseka, maabrasives asiri akarukwa uye pamwe anonzwa machira nekunamira kwekunamira kuti awane kupera kwegirazi.Chinangwa ndechekuwana imwe yekupedzisira yekupedzisira (scratch pattern).Nhanho yega yega (finer grit) inobvisa makwara akadzika kubva padanho rakapfuura uye inotsiva iwo nemakororo madiki.
Sezvo kukuya nekupedzisa kune zvinangwa zvakasiyana, kazhinji hazvipindirani uye zvinogona kutamba kune mumwe nemumwe kana nzira isiriyo yekushandisa yakashandiswa.Kubvisa yakawandisa weld simbi, mushandisi anoita zvakadzika zvakanyanya nevhiri rekukuya, obva apfuudza chikamu kumugadziri, uyo zvino anofanirwa kupedza nguva yakawanda achibvisa aya akadzika makwara.Uku kutevedzana kubva pakukuya kusvika pakupedzisa kunogona kuramba iri nzira inoshanda yekuzadzisa zvinodiwa nevatengi.Asi zvakare, aya haasi mamwe maitiro.
Nzvimbo dzekushanda dzakagadzirirwa kushanda kazhinji hadzidi kukuya kana kupedzisa.Zvikamu zvine jecha zvinongodaro nekuti jecha ndiyo inokurumidza nzira yekubvisa welds kana zvimwe zvinhu, uye zvakadzika zvakasiiwa nevhiri rekukuya ndizvo chaizvo zvaidiwa nemutengi.Zvikamu zvinoda kupera chete zvinogadzirwa nenzira yekuti kubviswa kwezvinhu zvakanyanya hazvidiwi.Muenzaniso wakajairika chikamu chesimbi isina tsvina ine weld yakanaka inodzivirirwa ne tungsten electrode inongoda kusanganiswa uye kufananidzwa kune yekupedzisira pateni ye substrate.
Michina yekukuya ine yakaderera madhisiki ekubvisa inogona kuunza matambudziko akakomba kana uchishanda nesimbi isina tsvina.Saizvozvo, kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera bluing uye shanduko yezvinhu.Chinangwa ndechekuchengeta simbi isina tsvina ichitonhora sezvinobvira mukati mekuita.
Kuti izvi zviitike, zvinobatsira kusarudza vhiri rekukuya rine kukurumidza kubvisa chiyero chekushandisa uye bhajeti.Zirconium mavhiri anokuya nekukurumidza kupfuura alumina, asi ceramic mavhiri anoshanda zvakanyanya muzviitiko zvakawanda.
Iyo yakanyanya kusimba uye inopinza ceramic zvimedu zvinopfekwa nenzira yakasarudzika.Sezvo ivo vanoparara zvishoma nezvishoma, havaiti sandara, asi vanochengeta muromo wakapinza.Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanogona kubvisa zvinhu nekukurumidza, kazhinji kakati wandei nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe mavhiri ekukuya.Kazhinji, izvi zvinogadzira ceramic kugaya mavhiri akakosha mari.Iwo akanakira machining simbi isina tsvina, sezvo ivo vanokurumidza kubvisa machipisi makuru uye kugadzira kushoma kupisa uye deformation.
Pasinei nokuti mugadziri anosarudza vhiri ripi, kusvibiswa kunogona kuchengetwa mupfungwa.Vazhinji vagadziri vanoziva kuti havagone kushandisa vhiri rimwe chete rekukuya kune ese kabhoni simbi nesimbi isina tsvina.Vanhu vazhinji vanopatsanura kugaya kabhoni nesimbi isina tsvina.Kunyangwe twunhu twudiki twekabhoni simbi inowira pasimbi isina tsvina inogona kukonzera matambudziko ekusvibiswa.Maindasitiri mazhinji, akadai semaindasitiri emishonga neyenyukireya, anoda kuti zvinodyiwa zvinzi zvinzi zvisina kusvibisa.Izvi zvinoreva kuti simbi isina simbi inokuya mavhiri anofanira kunge akasununguka (asingasviki 0.1%) yesimbi, sarufa uye chlorine.
Mavhiri haazvigadzike, anoda mudziyo wemagetsi.Chero ani zvake anogona kushambadzira mabhenefiti ekukuya mavhiri kana maturusi emagetsi, asi chokwadi ndechekuti maturusi emagetsi nemavhiri avo ekukuya anoshanda sehurongwa.Ceramic grinding mavhiri akagadzirirwa angle grinders ane rimwe simba uye torque.Nepo dzimwe pneumatic grinders dzine zvinodiwa, kazhinji kukuya kweceramic mavhiri kunoitwa nemidziyo yemagetsi.
Magrinder asina simba rakakwana uye torque anogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba neazvino mabrasives.Kushaikwa kwesimba uye torque kunogona kuita kuti chishandiso chidzike zvakanyanya pasi pekumanikidzwa, zvakanyanya kudzivirira zvimedu zveceramic pagumbo rekukuya kubva pakuita izvo zvakagadzirirwa kuita: nekukurumidza kubvisa machunks makuru esimbi, nokudaro kuderedza kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinopisa zvinopinda mugumbo rekukuya.vhiri rekukuya.
Izvi zvinowedzera kutenderera kwakashata: majecha anoona kuti hapana chinhu chiri kubviswa, saka ivo vanongodzvanya nesimba, izvo zvinozoita kuti kupisa kwakanyanya uye bluing.Vanopedzisira vosunda zvekuti vanopenya mavhiri, izvo zvinoita kuti vashande nesimba uye vawedzere kupisa vasati vaona kuti vanoda kuchinja mavhiri.Kana iwe ukashanda nenzira iyi nemachubhu akaonda kana mashizha, anoguma aenda nepakati pezvinhu.
Ehe, kana vashandisi vasina kudzidziswa zvakanaka, kunyangwe nemidziyo yakanakisa, kutenderera uku kwakashata kunogona kuitika, kunyanya kana zvasvika pakumanikidza kwavanoisa pane workpiece.Maitiro akanaka ndeyekuswedera pedyo sezvinobvira kune yakayerwa ikozvino yeguyo.Kana mushandisi ari kushandisa 10 amp grinder, anofanira kudzvanya zvine simba zvekuti guyo rinodhonza anenge 10 amps.
Kushandiswa kweammeter kunogona kubatsira kuenzanisa mashandiro ekukuya kana mugadziri akagadzira yakawanda inodhura simbi isina tsvina.Ehe, mashoma maoparesheni anoshandisa ammeter nguva nenguva, saka zviri nani kunyatsoteerera.Kana mushandisi akanzwa uye akanzwa RPM ichidonha nekukurumidza, anogona kunge ari kusunda zvakanyanya.
Kuteerera kubata kwakareruka (kureva, kushomeka kushoma) kunogona kuve kwakaoma, saka kutarisisa kuyerera kwespark kunogona kubatsira mune iyi nyaya.Jecha simbi isina tsvina inoburitsa masparks akasviba kupfuura kabhoni simbi, asi inofanirwa kuramba ichionekwa uye ichibuda zvakaenzana kubva munzvimbo yebasa.Kana mushandisi akangoerekana aona sparks shoma, zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekusashandisa simba rakakwana kana kusapenya vhiri.
Vashandi vanofanirawo kuchengetedza nguva dzose yekushanda kona.Kana vakaswedera kune workpiece pakona yakarurama (inoda kufanana neworkpiece), vanogona kukonzera kupisa kwakanyanya;kana vakaswedera pakona yakakurisa (inoda kudzika), vanopinda munjodzi yekurovera kumucheto kwevhiri musimbi.Kana vakashandisa vhiri remhando 27, vanofanira kusvika kubasa nekona ye20 kusvika ku30 degrees.Kana vane mavhiri emhando makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, kona yavo yekushanda inofanira kunge iri madhigirii gumi.
Type 28 (tapered) mavhiri ekukuya anowanzo shandiswa kukuya nzvimbo dzakati sandara kubvisa zvinhu panzira dzakafara dzekukuya.Aya mavhiri ane tapered anoshandawo zvakanyanya pazasi ekukuya makona (akapoteredza 5 madhigirii) saka anobatsira kuderedza kuneta kwevashandi.
Izvi zvinounza chimwe chinhu chakakosha: kusarudza rudzi rwakanaka rwekukuya vhiri.Type 27 vhiri rine simbi pamusoro pekubata nzvimbo, mhando 28 vhiri rine mutsara wekusangana nekuda kwechimiro chayo checonical, mhando 29 vhiri rine nzvimbo yekubata.
Mazuva ano anonyanyozivikanwa mhando 27 mavhiri anogona kuita basa munzvimbo dzakawanda, asi chimiro chavo chinoita kuti zviome kushanda neyakadzama profiled zvikamu uye macurves, akadai seakasungwa Stainless simbi chubhu magungano.Chimiro chechimiro cheiyo Type 29 vhiri inofambisa basa revashandisi vanoda kugaya zvakasanganiswa curved uye flat surface.Iyo Type 29 vhiri inoita izvi nekuwedzera nzvimbo yekubata kumeso, zvinoreva kuti mushandisi haafanire kupedza nguva yakawanda achikuya panzvimbo yega yega - zano rakanaka rekudzikisa kupisa kuvaka.
Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinoshanda kune chero vhiri rekukuya.Paunenge uchikuya, mushandisi haafaniri kugara panzvimbo imwechete kwenguva yakareba.Ngatitii mushandisi ari kubvisa simbi kubva mufillet yakareba mafiti akawanda.Inogona kutyaira vhiri mupfupi kumusoro uye pasi mafambiro, asi izvi zvinogona kuita kuti workpiece iwedzere kupisa sezvo ichichengeta vhiri munzvimbo diki kwenguva yakareba.Kuti uderedze kupisa kupinza, mushandisi anogona kumhanyisa weld yese mune imwe nzira pane imwe mhuno, wozosimudza chishandiso (kubvumira workpiece kuti itonhore) uye kupfuudza workpiece munzira imwechete kune imwe mhino.Dzimwe nzira dzinoshanda, asi dzose dzine chinhu chimwe chete dzakafanana: dzinodzivisa kupfutidza nokuchengeta vhiri rokukuya.
Izvi zvinobatsirwawo nenzira dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa dze "combing".Ngatitii mushandisi ari kugaya butt weld in a flat position.Kuti aderedze kushushikana kwekupisa uye kuchera zvakanyanya, akanzvenga kusundira guyo parutivi rwejoini.Pane kudaro, anotanga kumagumo uye anomhanyisa chikuya pamwe chete nejoini.Izvi zvinodzivirirawo kuti vhiri risanyura zvakanyanya muzvinhu.
Zvechokwadi, chero nzira inogona kupisa simbi kana mushandisi akashanda zvishoma nezvishoma.Shanda zvishoma nezvishoma uye mushandisi achapisa workpiece;kana ukanyanya kukurumidza, jecha rinogona kutora nguva yakareba.Kuwana inotapira nzvimbo yekumhanyisa chikafu kazhinji kunotora ruzivo.Asi kana mushandisi asina kujairana nebasa racho, anogona kukuya zvimedu kuti "anzwe" muyero wakakodzera wekudya weiyo workpiece.
Nzira yekupedzisa inotarisana nepamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu apo inopinda uye ichisiya dhipatimendi rekupedzisa.Sarudza pekutangira (yakawanikwa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu) uye pekupedzisira (inodiwa) uye woita hurongwa hwekutsvaga nzira yakanaka pakati peaya mapoinzi maviri.
Kazhinji nzira yakanaka haitangi nehasha dzakanyanya.Izvi zvingaita sezvinopesana.Pashure pezvose, wadii kutanga nejecha rakakwasha kuti utore nzvimbo yakaoma wozoenda kune jecha rakatsetseka?Hazvingave zvisina kunyatsoshanda here kutanga nembeu yakatsetseka?
Kwete hazvo, izvi zvakare zvine chekuita nechimiro chekuenzanisa.Sezvo grit yakatsetseka ichiwanikwa mudanho rega rega, iyo conditioner inotsiva yakadzika makororo neakanaka, akatsetseka.Kana vakatanga ne 40 grit sandpaper kana flip pan, vanosiya makwara akadzika pasimbi.Zvingave zvakanaka kana zvikwambo izvi zvichiunza huso padhuze nekupera kwaunoda, ndosaka paine 40 grit finish materials iripo.Nekudaro, kana mutengi akakumbira #4 kupera (directional sanding), iyo yakadzika makwara yakasiiwa ne#40 grit inotora nguva yakareba kubvisa.Mhizha dzinoenda kumasaizi akawanda egrit kana kupedza nguva yakawanda vachishandisa mafine grit abrasives kuti vabvise zvikweshwa zvihombe zviya votsiva zvidiki.Zvose izvi hazvisi kungoshanda chete, asiwo zvinopisa workpiece zvakanyanya.
Ehe, kushandisa mafine grit abrasives panzvimbo dzakakasharara kunogona kunonoka uye, kusanganiswa nemaitiro asina kunaka, kunoguma nekupisa kwakanyanya.Madhisiki maviri-mu-rimwe kana akadzedzereka anogona kubatsira neizvi.Aya madhisiki anosanganisira machira abrasive akasanganiswa nepamusoro pekurapa zvinhu.Vanobvumira mhizha kuti ishandise mabrasives kubvisa zvinhu ichisiya kupera kwakapfava.
Nhanho inotevera yekupedzisa inogona kusanganisira kushandiswa kwemachira asina kurukwa, ayo anoratidza chimwe chinhu chakasiyana chekupedzisa: maitiro anoshanda zvakanakisisa nemagetsi emagetsi akasiyana-siyana.Iyo angle grinder inomhanya pa10,000 rpm inokwanisa kubata zvimwe zvinokurisa, asi inonyungudusa zvachose zvimwe zvisiri-zvakarukwa.Nechikonzero ichi, vanopedza vanononoka kusvika 3,000-6,000 rpm vasati vapedza nonwovens.Ehe, kumhanya chaiko kunoenderana nekushandiswa uye zvinodyiwa.Semuenzaniso, madhiramu asina kuruka anowanzo kutenderera pa3,000 kusvika 4,000 rpm, nepo madhisiki ekurapa epamusoro anowanzo kutenderera pa4,000 kusvika 6,000 rpm.
Kuve nematurusi akakodzera (zvinochinjika kumhanya magrinder, akasiyana ekupedzisa zvinhu) uye kuona iyo yakakwana nhamba yematanho kunopa mepu inoratidza yakanakisa nzira pakati pezvinopinda uye zvakapedzwa.Iyo chaiyo nzira inotsamira pamashandisirwo, asi vane ruzivo vagadzirisi vanotevedzera nzira iyi vachishandisa nzira dzakafanana dzekuchekeresa.
Mipumburu isina kurukwa inopedzisa simbi isina tsvina.Nekupedzisa kunoshanda uye nehupenyu hwakanyanya hunodyiwa, zvakasiyana zvekupedzisa zvinhu zvinomhanya zvakasiyana zvinotenderera zvinomhanya.
Kutanga, vanotora nguva.Kana vakaona kuti simbi yakatetepa iri kupisa, vanorega kupedza pane imwe nzvimbo votanga mune imwe.Kana kuti vangave vachishanda pazvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana panguva imwe chete.Shanda zvishoma pane imwe uye ipapo pane imwe, uchipa imwe chidimbu nguva yekutonhora.
Kana uchikwenenzvera kusvika pakupera kwegirazi, muporishi anogona kuchinjika-polisha nedhiramu rekupolisha kana dhisiki rekupolisha munzira yakatarisana nedanho rapfuura.Cross sanding inoratidzira nzvimbo dzinofanirwa kusanganiswa neyakapfuura scratch pateni, asi zvakadaro hazviunze pamusoro pa #8 girazi kupera.Kana zvikwambo zvese zvabviswa, jira rinonzwika uye buffing pad inozodiwa kugadzira iyo inopenya inopenya kupera.
Kuti vawane kupera kwakaringana, vagadziri vanofanirwa kupa vapedzisi maturusi akakodzera, anosanganisira maturusi chaiwo uye zviwanikwa, pamwe nemidziyo yekutaurirana, sekugadzira masampuli akajairwa kuona kuti imwe kupera inofanira kutaridzika sei.Aya masampuli (akatumirwa pedyo nedhipatimendi rekupedzisa, mumapepa ekudzidzira, uye mumabhuku ekutengesa) anobatsira kuchengetedza munhu wose pahurefu hwakafanana.
Nezvekushandisa chaiko (kusanganisira maturusi emagetsi uye mabrasives) zvine chekuita, iyo geometry yezvimwe zvikamu inogona kunetsa kunyangwe kuchikwata chine ruzivo chekupedza.Izvi zvichabatsira nyanzvi zvishandiso.
Ngatitii mushandisi anoda kubatanidza pombi yesimbi isina madziro yakatetepa.Kushandisa flap discs kana kunyange zvigubhu zvinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko, kupisa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange nzvimbo yakatsetseka pachubhu pachayo.Apa ndipo panogaya mabhandi akagadzirirwa mapaipi anogona kubatsira.Bhandi rekutakura rinovhara dhayamita yakawanda yepombi, kugovera nzvimbo dzekuonana, kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka uye kuderedza kupisa kwekuisa.Nekudaro, sezvimwe zvese, mhizha ichiri kuda kufambisa sander yebhandi kune imwe nzvimbo kuti ideredze kupisa kwakawedzera uye kudzivirira bluing.
Izvi zvinoshandawo kune mamwe maturusi ekupedzisa.Funga nezvebhandi rejecha rakagadzirirwa nzvimbo dzinonetsa kusvika.Mupedzi anogona kuishandisa kugadzira fillet weld pakati pemapuranga maviri pakona yakapinza.Panzvimbo pekufambisa bhandi remunwe wakamira (sekunge kukwesha mazino ako), nyanzvi inoifambisa yakatwasuka pamucheto wepamusoro wefillet weld uyezve nechepazasi, ichiita shuwa kuti sander yemunwe haigare munzvimbo imwechete zvakanyanya.kwenguva refu.refu .
Welding, kukuya uye kupedza Stainless simbi kunouya nerimwe dambudziko: kuve nechokwadi passivation kwakakodzera.Mushure mekuvhiringidzika kwese uku, pane kusvibiswa kupi kwakaramba kuri pamusoro pezvinhu izvo zvaizodzivirira kuumbwa kwechisikigo chesimbi isina tsvina yechromium layer pamusoro penzvimbo yese?Chinhu chekupedzisira chinodiwa nemugadziri mutengi ane hasha anonyunyuta nezvezvikamu zvine ngura kana zvine tsvina.Apa ndipo panowanikwa kuchenesa kwakaringana nekutevedzwa.
Electrochemical cleaning inogona kubatsira kubvisa zvinosvibisa kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambisa, asi kucheneswa uku kunofanira kuitwa riini?Zvinoenderana nekushandisa.Kana vagadziri vakachenesa simbi isina tsvina kuti vave nechokwadi chekufamba kwakazara, ivo vanowanzoita saizvozvo pakarepo mushure mekunama.Kutadza kuita izvi kunoreva kuti iyo yekupedzisa svikiro inogona kutora hutachiona hwepamusoro kubva kune workpiece uye kugovera kune dzimwe nzvimbo.Zvisinei, kune mamwe maitiro anokosha, vagadziri vanogona kuwedzera mamwe matanho ekuchenesa-zvichida kunyange kuedza kupindira kwakakodzera simbi isina tsvina isati yabuda pafekitari.
Ngatitii mugadziri ari kubatanidza chinhu chakakosha chesimbi isina tsvina cheindasitiri yenyukireya.Nyanzvi tungsten arc welder inogadzira musono wakatsetseka unotaridzika wakakwana.Asi zvakare, ichi chinhu chakakosha chikumbiro.Nhengo yedhipatimendi rekupedzisa inoshandisa bhurashi rakabatana kune electrochemical yekuchenesa sisitimu kuchenesa nzvimbo yeweld.Akabva acheka weld neabrasive isiri yakarukwa nejira rekupukuta ndokupedzisa zvese kuti zvinyatsoti tsvikiti.Ipapo kunouya bhurashi rekupedzisira rine electrochemical yekuchenesa system.Mushure mezuva kana maviri ekuzorora, shandisa inotakurika tester kuti utarise chikamu chekufamba kwakakodzera.Mhedzisiro, yakarekodhwa uye yakachengetwa nebasa, yakaratidza kuti chikamu chacho chakanga chapfuura zvakakwana chisati chabva mufekitari.
Muzvizhinji zvekugadzira zvidyarwa, kukuya, kupedza, uye kuchenesa passivation yesimbi isina tsvina inowanzoitika mumatanho anotevera.Muchokwadi, ivo vanowanzoitwa nguva pfupi basa risati raendeswa.
Zvisizvo zvimedu zvemichina zvinogadzira zvimwe zvinodhura zvakasara uye kushandazve, saka zvine musoro kuti vagadziri vatarisezve madhipatimendi avo ejecha nekupedza.Kuvandudza mukukuya nekupedzisa kunobatsira kubvisa mabhodhoro akakosha, kuvandudza mhando, kubvisa misoro uye, zvakanyanya kukosha, kuwedzera kugutsikana kwevatengi.
FABRICATOR ndiyo inotungamira muNorth America kugadzira simbi uye kugadzira magazini.Magazini inoburitsa nhau, zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi uye nyaya dzebudiriro dzinogonesa vanogadzira kuita basa ravo nemazvo.FABRICATOR anga ari muindasitiri kubva 1970.
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