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Biofilms chikamu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvirwere zvisingaperi, kunyanya kana michina yezvokurapa ichibatanidzwa.Dambudziko iri rinopa dambudziko guru kunharaunda yezvokurapa, sezvo maantibioti akaenzana anogona kungoparadza biofilms kusvika zvishoma zvishoma.Kudzivirira kuumbwa kwebiofilm kwakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuputira uye zvinhu zvitsva.Idzi nzira dzinovavarira kupfekedza nzvimbo nenzira inodzivisa ine melloystal, tipper uye girasi rinobuda, kunyanya girazi rine biofilm rinobuda. d seyakanaka antimicrobial coatings.Panguva imwecheteyo, kushandiswa kweinotonhora yekupfapfaidza tekinoroji kwakawedzera sezvo iri nzira yakakodzera yekugadzira tembiricha-inonzwa zvinhu.Chimwe chechinangwa chechidzidzo ichi chaive chekugadzira riwani reantibacterial film metallic glass inoumbwa ternary Cu-Zr-Ni vachishandisa mechanical alloying techniques.The spherical alloying techniques is a spherical alloying material to cold stain stain surface to the cold Sul suprise . mitsetse yakavharwa negirazi resimbi yakakwanisa kuderedza zvakanyanya kuumbwa kwebiofilm neinenge 1 logi kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi isina tsvina.
Munhoroondo yese yevanhu, chero nzanga yakakwanisa kugadzira nekusimudzira kuunzwa kwezvinyorwa zvitsva zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa chaizvo, izvo zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kwekuita uye chinzvimbo muhupfumi hwepasi rose1. Yagara ichiverengerwa nekugona kwevanhu kugadzira zvigadzirwa nemidziyo yekugadzira uye magadzirirwo ekugadzira zvinhu uye hunhu kuti vawane budiriro muhutano, dzidzo, indasitiri, hupfumi, tsika uye mamwe minda kubva kune imwe nyika yenyika kana dunhu.2 Kwemakore makumi matanhatu, masayendisiti ezvekushandisa akashandisa yakawanda yenguva yavo kutarisisa chinhu chimwe chete chikuru: kutsvaga zvinyorwa zvitsva uye zvekucheka-kumucheto. Tsvakurudzo ichangoburwa yakanangana nekuvandudza kunaka nekushanda kwezvinhu zviripo, pamwe nekugadzira nekugadzira mhando nyowani dzezvinhu.
Kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvinosanganiswa, kuchinjwa kwe microstructure yezvinhu, uye kushandiswa kwekupisa, mechanical kana thermo-mechanical processing techniques zvakakonzera kuvandudzwa kukuru mumagetsi, makemikari uye emuviri wezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasiyana-siyana. noparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, zero-dimensional, amorphous metallic glasses, uye high-entropy alloys ingori mimwe mienzaniso yezvinhu zvepamberi zvakaunzwa munyika kubva pakati pezana ramakore rapfuura. Pakugadzira nekugadzira alloys matsva ane zvivakwa zvepamusoro, angave muchigadzirwa chekupedzisira kana mumatanho epakati ekugadzirwa kwayo, dambudziko rinowedzera rinowedzera kubva kune imwe nzira yekugadzira kubva kune yakareruka nzira. librium, kirasi nyowani ye metastable alloys, inozivikanwa sesimbi magirazi, yawanikwa.
Basa rake paCaltech muna 1960 rakaunza shanduko papfungwa yezviwanikwa zvesimbi paakagadzira magirazi eAu-25 pa.% Si alloys nekukasira kuomesa zvinwiwa painoda kusvika miriyoni madhigirii pasekondi. zvidzidzo zvekupayona mukubatanidzwa kweMG alloys, anenge ese magirazi esimbi akagadzirwa zvachose nekushandisa imwe yeinotevera nzira;(i) kukurumidza kusimba kwekunyunguduka kana mhute, (ii) atomic kusagadzikana kweretisi, (iii) solid-state amorphization reactions pakati pechete metal elements, uye (iv) solid-state shanduko ye metastable phases.
MaMG anosiyaniswa nekushaikwa kwawo kwehurefu hweatomic kurongeka kwakabatana nemakristasi, inova inotsanangudza hunhu hwekristaro.Munyika yanhasi, kufambira mberi kukuru kwaitwa mumunda wesimbi yegirazi. Izvo zvinhu zvitsva zvine zvinhu zvinofadza izvo zvinofarirwa kwete chete solid-state fizikisi, asiwo mune metallurgy, pamusoro chemistry, tekinoroji, zvinhu zvinoratidzira kubva kune yakawanda mhando yesimbi zvinhu zvinofadza. tekinoroji zvikumbiro munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.Vane zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu;(i) high mechanical ductility uye goho simba, (ii) high magnetic permeability, (iii) low coercivity, (iv) zvisingawanzoitiki corrosion resistance, (v) tembiricha kusununguka The conductivity ye6,7.
Mechanical alloying (MA)1,8 inyanzvi itsva, yakatanga kuunzwa muna 19839 naProf. CC Kock nevamwe vaaishanda navo.Vakagadzira hupfu hweamorphous Ni60Nb40 nekukuya musanganiswa wezvinhu zvakachena pane tembiricha yakadzikama iri pedyo nekupisa kwekamuri.Kazhinji, maitiro eMA anoitwa pakati pekubatanidza kusanganiswa kwehupfu hwehupfu mu reactant, kazhinji yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina mubhora reguyo 10 (Fig. 1a, b) .Kubva ipapo, iyi mechanical induced solid-state reaction technique yakashandiswa kugadzirira novel amorphous / metallic glass alloy powders kushandisa 1 bhora remvura zvakanaka se1 giyoni. 2. le nanocrystalline uye nanocomposite poda zvimedu zvesimbi oxides, carbides, nitrides, hydrides, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds, Pamwe nekudzikamisa kwakafara kuburikidza nepamusoro-pasi nzira 1 uye metastable nhanho.
Schematic inoratidza nzira yekugadzira yakashandiswa kugadzirira Cu50(Zr50−xNix) metallic glass (MG) coating/SUS 304 muchidzidzo chino.(a) Kugadzirira kweMG alloy powders neNi concentrations dzakasiyana x (x; 10, 20, 30 and 40 at.%) vachishandisa low energy ball kugaya zvinhu (cynder simbi) simbi yekugaya mudziyo (cynder). inonamwa mubhokisi regirovhosi rakazadzwa neHe atmosphere.(c) Muenzaniso wakajeka wemudziyo wekukuya unoratidza kufamba kwebhora panguva yekukuya.Chigadzirwa chekupedzisira chehupfu chakawanikwa mushure memaawa 50 chakashandiswa kupfekedza substrate yeSUS 304 uchishandisa nzira yekupfapfaidza inotonhora (d).
Kana zvasvika kune huwandu hwezvinhu zvepasi (substrates), uinjiniya hwepamusoro hunosanganisira dhizaini nekugadziridzwa kwenzvimbo (substrates) kuti ipe humwe hunhu hwemuviri, kemikari uye hunyanzvi husingawanikwe mune yepakutanga yakawanda zvinhu.Zvimwe zvimiro zvinogona kuvandudzwa nepamusoro pekurapa zvinosanganisira abrasion resistance, oxidation uye corrosion resistance, coefficient of friction, bio-inertness uchishandisa simbi inertness, kuvandudza simbi inonatsiridza, kuvandudza masimbi emushonga. al, mechanical or chemical techniques.Sechiito chinonyatsozivikanwa, kupfeka kunongotsanangurwa sechinhu chimwe chete kana kuti akawanda akaturikidzana ezvinyorwa zvakaiswa pamusoro pechinhu chakawanda (substrate) chakaitwa nechimwe chinhu.Nekudaro, machira anoshandiswa muchikamu kuti awane zvimwe zvinodiwa zvehunyanzvi kana zvekushongedza, pamwe nekudzivirira zvinhu kubva kune zvinotarisirwa makemikari uye emuviri kusangana nemhoteredzo yakapoteredza23.
Kuti uise nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekudzivirira dzepamusoro nehupamhi hunobva kune mashoma mamicrometer (pazasi pe10-20 micrometer) kusvika pamusoro pe30 micrometer kana kunyange mashoma mamirimita, nzira dzakawanda uye matekiniki anogona kushandiswa.Muzhinji, maitiro ekupfekedza anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: (i) nzira dzekupfeka dzakanyorova, dzinosanganisira electroplating, electroless plating, uye (kupisa, nzira dzekuisa, kuomesa, kuputika, uye nzira dzekupisa, kuomesa, kupisa, kuputika, uye nzira dzekuputira dzinopisa, kupisa, kuputika, uye nzira dzekuputira. , muviri vapor deposition (PVD), kemikari vapor deposition (CVD), thermal spray techniques uye munguva ichangopfuura inotonhora yekupfapfaidza maitiro 24 (Fig. 1d).
Biofilms inotsanangurwa sevanhu vane hutachiona husingadzoreki hunobatanidzwa kune nzvimbo uye yakakomberedzwa ne-self-produced extracellular polymers (EPS) .Superficially mature biofilm formation inogona kutungamirira kukurasikirwa kukuru muzvikamu zvakawanda zveindasitiri, kusanganisira indasitiri yezvokudya, zvirongwa zvemvura, uye nzvimbo dzehutano hwehutano.Muvanhu, apo biofilms inoumba, kupfuura 80% yehutachiona hwehutachiona hweEnterocelueccia (Enteroceluding) yeEnteroceluding yeEnterophylophysical infections (80% yeEnterophylophy) zvakaoma kurapa.Uyezve, mature biofilms akashumwa kuva 1000-yakapetwa zvakanyanya kupikisa kurapwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kana ichienzaniswa nemasero ebhakitiriya e planktonic, iyo inoonekwa sedambudziko guru rekurapa.Antimicrobial surface coating materials yakabva kune zvakajairika organic compounds zvakagara zvichishandiswa.Kunyange zvazvo zvinhu zvakadaro zvinowanzova nezvinhu zvine chepfu izvo zvinogona kukanganisa 25 zvinhu zvinogona kuparadzwa, 25 kutakura zvinhu zvinogona kubatsira.
Kupararira kwakapararira kwebhakitiriya kumishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwebiofilm kwakakonzera kudiwa kwekugadzira hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kushandiswa zvakachengeteka27.Kugadzirwa kwemuviri kana chemikemikari inorwisa-adherent surface iyo masero ebhakitiriya anodziviswa kusunga nekuvaka biofilms nekuda kwekunamatira ndiyo nzira yekutanga mune iyi nzira inogonesa kugadzirwa kwekemikari inogadzirisa 27 iyo inogonesa kugadzirwa kwemakemikari echipiri. inodiwa, muhuwandu hwakanyanyisa uye hwakaenderana.Izvi zvinowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuputira zvakadai segraphene/germanium28, black diamond29 uye ZnO-doped diamond-like carbon coatings30 iyo inopikisa mabhakitiriya, teknolojia inowedzera Toxicity uye kuramba kukura nekuda kwekuumbwa kwebiofilm kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya. kutamination kuri kuwedzera kufarirwa.Kunyange zvazvo nzira nhatu dzese dzichikwanisa kuburitsa maantimicrobial effects pazviso zvakavharwa, imwe neimwe ine zvipimo zvayo zvinofanirwa kutariswa pakugadzira nzira dzekushandisa.
Zvigadzirwa pari zvino pamusika zvinokanganiswa nenguva isina kukwana yekuongorora uye kuedza mabhanhire ekudzivirira kune biologically active ingredients.Makambani anoti zvigadzirwa zvavo zvinopa vashandisi zvinhu zvinodikanwa zvinoshanda;zvisinei, ichi chave chipingamupinyi pakubudirira kwezvigadzirwa pari zvino pamusika.Mishonga yakabva kune sirivheri inoshandiswa muhuwandu hwakawanda hwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ikozvino inowanikwa kune vatengi.Zvigadzirwa izvi zvinogadzirwa kuti zvidzivirire vashandisi kubva kune zvinogona kuva nengozi zvinokonzerwa ne microorganisms.Kunonoka kweantimicrobial effect uye kusanganiswa kwehutu hwemasilver compounds kunowedzera kumanikidzwa kune vatsvakurudzi kuti vagadzirise mamwe maantimicrobial uye anogadzirisa pasi37 anokuvadza pasi rose. ichiri kuratidza kuti ibasa rinotyisa.Izvi imhaka yezvipingamupinyi zvinosanganiswa kune zvose hutano uye kuchengeteka.Kuwana antimicrobial agent iyo isinganyanyi kukuvadza kuvanhu uye nekufungidzira kuti ingaibatanidza sei mukugadzirisa substrates nehupenyu hurefu hwesherufu ndiyo inonyanya kutsvakwa chinangwa38.The latest antimicrobial and anti-biofilm materials by a active contacting through the active range is near to this bacteria. kuvharidzira kutanga kwebhakitiriya kunamatira (kusanganisira kurwisana nekugadzirwa kweprotein layer pamusoro) kana nekuuraya mabhakitiriya nekupindira nemadziro emadziro.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, kuvhara kwepamusoro ndiyo nzira yekuisa imwe mutsara pamusoro pechikamu chekusimudzira unhu hune hukama hwepamusoro.Chinangwa chepamusoro chepamusoro ndechekugadzirisa microstructure uye / kana kuumbwa kwenharaunda yepedyo-yepamusoro yechikamu39.Maitirwo ekugadzirisa kwepamusoro anogona kugoverwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, iyo inopfupikiswa mumufananidzo 2a. the coating.
(a) Inset inoratidza nzira huru dzekugadzira dzinoshandiswa pamusoro, uye (b) zvakasarudzwa zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvemhando yekupfapfaidza inotonhora.
Cold spray tekinoroji inogovana zvakawanda zvakafanana neyakajairwa yekupisa yekupfapfaidza yekupisa.Zvisinei, kunewo zvimwe zvakakosha zvinhu zvinoita kuti inotonhora yekupfapfaidza uye inotonhora yekupfapfaidza zvinhu zvakanyanya yakasarudzika.Cold spray tekinoroji ichiri muhudiki, asi ine ramangwana rakajeka kuisa pane substrate.Zviripachena, iyi yechinyakare yekupfekedza maitiro haina kukodzera zvakanyanya tembiricha-sensitive zvinhu zvakaita senanocrystals, nanoparticles, amorphous uye metallic glasses40, 41, 42. Uyezve, thermal spray coating materials nguva dzose inoratidzira yakakwirira yeporosity uye oxides.Cold spray teknolojia ine zvakawanda zvakakosha zvepfapfaidzo (kupisa kwepfapfaidzo) kune zvakawanda zvakakosha zvepfapfaidzo (kupisa kwepfapfaidzo) kune zvakawanda zvakakosha zvepfayiri mune substrate coating sarudzo, (iii) kusavapo kwechikamu shanduko uye kukura kwezviyo, (iv) yakakwirira bond simba1,39 (Fig.2b) Uyezve, kutonhora kwepfapfenyuro yekuputira zvinhu zvine high corrosion resistance, simba guru uye kuoma, high conductivity yemagetsi uye high density41.Kupesana nezvakanakira nzira yekuputira inotonhora, kuchine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvekushandisa nzira iyi, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2b.Painoputira purece ceramic powders yakadai seAl2O3, TiO2, pfuti yakashandiswa, WnO2, handspray, ZrO, etc. tal composite powders inogona kushandiswa seyakagadzirwa zvinhu zvekuisa coatings.Zvimwechete zvinoenda kune dzimwe nzira dzekupfapfaidza dzinopisa.Mamiriro akaomesesa uye mukati mepombi huchanetsa kupfapfaidza.
Tichifunga kuti basa razvino rine chinangwa chekushandisa simbi yegirazi hupfu seyakaomeswa yekuputira zvinhu, zviri pachena kuti zvakajairwa kupisa kupfapfaidza hakugone kushandiswa nekuda kwechinangwa ichi.Izvi imhaka yekuti simbi yegirazi hupfu inopenya pakudziya kwakanyanya1.
Zvizhinji zvezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa mumaindasitiri ezvekurapa uye ezvekudya zvinogadzirwa neaustenitic Stainless steel alloys (SUS316 neSUS304) ine chromium iri pakati pe12 ne20 wt% yekugadzira midziyo yekuvhiya.Inowanzo gamuchirwa kuti kushandiswa kwechromium simbi sechinhu chinosanganisa simbi inogona kuvandudza simbi isina alloys simbi. pasinei nekupikisa kwavo kwepamusoro, havaratidzi maitiro makuru ehutachiona hwehutachiona38,39.Izvi zvinopesana nekukwirira kwavo kwepamusoro.Mushure meizvi, kukura kwehutachiona uye kuputika kunogona kufanotaurwa, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekunamatira kwebhakitiriya uye colonization pamusoro pesimbi isina tsvina biomaterials.Zvinetso zvakakosha zvinogona kubuda nekuda kwehutano hwakanyanya, hutachiona hunogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona huve nehutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona huve nehutachiona hwehutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona huve nehutachiona hunoita kuti hutachiona huvepo. inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda inogona kukanganisa zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga hutano hwevanhu.
Chidzidzo ichi ndicho chikamu chekutanga chepurojekiti inotsigirwa neKuwait Foundation yeKufambira mberi kweScience (KFAS), Contract No. 2010-550401, kuongorora zvingaita kubudisa metallic glassy Cu-Zr-Ni ternary powders uchishandisa MA teknolojia (Table 1 ) yekugadzirwa kwe antibacterial film / SUS304 , 2 chikamu chechipiri chekudzivirira muJanuary 304, 2. Electrochemical corrosion character and mechanical properties of the system in detail.Detailed microbiological tests ichaitwa kune akasiyana mabhakitiriya marudzi.
Mubepa rino, mhedzisiro yeZr alloying element yemukati pane girazi kugadzira kugona (GFA) inokurukurwa zvichibva pane morphological uye structural hunhu.Mukuwedzera, antibacterial properties yecoated metallic glass powder coating/SUS304 composite yakakurukurwawo. Uyezve, basa razvino rakaitwa kuongorora mukana wekuumbwa kwegirazi poda yekufefetera mukati meiyo simbi inotonhora yekupfap .Semienzaniso inomiririra, Cu50Zr30Ni20 uye Cu50Zr20Ni30 metallic glass alloys akashandiswa muchidzidzo ichi.
Muchikamu chino, morphological shanduko ye elemental Cu, Zr uye Ni powders mu low energy ball milling inoratidzwa.Semienzaniso yemifananidzo, maviri akasiyana masisitimu anosanganisira Cu50Zr20Ni30 uye Cu50Zr40Ni10 achashandiswa seanomiririra mienzaniso.Iyo MA process inogona kukamurwa kuita matanho matatu akasiyana, sezvakaratidzwa neiyo metallographic stage inogadzirwa panguva ye metallographic poda inogadzirwa.
Metallographic maitiro e mechanical alloy (MA) powders anowanikwa mushure mematanho akasiyana ekugaya bhora nguva.Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) mifananidzo yeMA neCu50Zr40Ni10 powders inowanikwa mushure mekushaya simba kwebhora kugaya nguva dze3, 12 uye 50 h inoratidzwa mu (a), (c) muCu0 yeMAR mifananidzo yeMZ20 yeMZ20 yeMZ20 chete) iyo Cu50Zr40Ni10 system inotorwa mushure menguva inoratidzwa mu (b), (d) uye (f).
Panguva yekugaya bhora, simba rekinetic rinoshanda rinogona kuendeswa kuhupfu hwesimbi rinokanganiswa nekubatanidzwa kwezviyero, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1a.Izvi zvinosanganisira kudhumhana pakati pemabhora nehupfu, compressive shearing yehupfu yakanamatira pakati kana pakati pekukuya midhiya, kukanganisa kwekudonha mabhora, shear uye kupfeka nekuda kwehupfu drag pakati pekufamba bhora milling ichipfuura kuburikidza neFall. Zr, uye maNi powders akaremara zvakanyanya nekuda kwekutonhora kunopisa padanho rekutanga reMA (3 h), zvichiita kuti pave nehupfu huru (> 1 mm muhupamhi) .Izvi zvikamu zvakakura zvinosanganiswa zvinoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakakora zvealloying elements (Cu, Zr, Ni), sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3a, b. ll chigayo, zvichikonzera kuparara kwehupfu hwehupfu muhupfu hwakatsetseka (pasi pe200 µm), sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 3c, d.Panguva iyi, kushandiswa kweshear simba kunotungamirira pakuumbwa kwesimbi itsva yesimbi ine yakanaka Cu, Zr, Ni hint layers, sezvinoratidzwa muFig.
Pakuguma kwemaitiro eMA (mushure me50 h), iyo inoputika metallography yaingoonekwa zvishoma (Fig. 3e, f), asi nzvimbo yakasvibiswa yehupfu yakaratidza mirror metallography.Izvi zvinoreva kuti chirongwa cheMA chakapedzwa uye kusikwa kwechikamu chimwe chete chekuita chakaitika.The elemental composition of the regions indexed in Fig. 3e (I, vFE, eelectron scanning) (I, VFE, III) yemunda (I, VFE, eelectron) yakagadziriswa (I, VFE, III). M) yakasanganiswa nemagetsi dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) (IV).
MuTable 2, iyo elemental concentrations yealloying element inoratidzwa sechikamu chehuremu hwese hwedunhu rega rega rakasarudzwa muFig. 3e,f.Kana tichienzanisa mhedzisiro iyi nekutanga nemazita ekuumbwa eCu50Zr20Ni30 uye Cu50Zr40Ni10 akanyorwa muTafura 1, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti maumbirwo emhando mbiri idzi dzakafanana kune mamwe maumbirwo akaenzana kune mamwe maumbirwo akasiyana kune mamwe maumbirwo akasiyana kune mamwe maumbirwo ezvimwe zvigadzirwa. kumatunhu akanyorwa muFig. 3e,f hairevi kuderera kukuru kana kushanduka-shanduka mukuumbwa kwemuenzaniso wega wega kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuti hapana shanduko yekuumbwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe.Izvi zvinonongedza kugadzirwa kwehomogeneous alloy powders, sezvakaratidzwa muTable 2.
FE-SEM micrographs yechigadzirwa chekupedzisira Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) poda yakawanikwa mushure me50 MA nguva, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 4a-d, apo x iri 10, 20, 30 uye 40 pa.%, zvichienderana.Mushure meiyi nhanho yekugadzira, hupfu hunounganidza nekuda kwekuita kwevaneri vagadziri vemagetsi makuru. zvidimbu zvine madhayamita kubva pa73 kusvika pa126 nm, sezvaratidzwa mumufananidzo 4.
Morphological characters yeCu50(Zr50−xNix) powders inowanikwa mushure meMA nguva ye50 h.Kune Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30, Cu50Zr10Ni40 masisitimu, iyo FE-SEM mifananidzo yehupfu yakawanikwa mushure me50a), (dc) nguva dzakateerana), (dc) nguva dzakateedzana.
Usati waisa poda mumhepo inotonhora yekupfapfaidza feeder, yakatanga sonicated mu analytical grade ethanol kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu ndokubva yaomeswa pa 150 ° C kwemaawa 2. Iyi nhanho inofanira kutorwa kuti ibudirire kurwisa agglomeration iyo inowanzokonzera matambudziko akawanda anokosha mukati mekugadzira. micrographs uye inoenderana EDS mifananidzo yeCu, Zr uye Ni alloying zvinhu zveCu50Zr30Ni20 alloy yakawanikwa mushure me50 h yeM nguva, zvakateerana.Inofanira kucherechedzwa kuti alloy powders anogadzirwa mushure meiyi nhanho ane homogeneous sezvo asingaratidzi chero kuumbwa kwekuchinja kunopfuura kweiyo sub-nanogumeter level, sezvakaratidzwa mu5.
Morphology uye local elemental distribution yeMG Cu50Zr30Ni20 powder yakawanikwa mushure me50 MA nguva neFE-SEM/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) .(a) SEM uye X-ray EDS mapping ye (b) Cu-Kα, (c) Zr-Lα uye (d) Ni-Kα mifananidzo.
Iyo XRD mapatani emakanika alloyed Cu50Zr40Ni10, Cu50Zr30Ni20, Cu50Zr20Ni30 uye Cu50Zr20Ni30 poda yakawanikwa mushure meMA nguva ye50 h inoratidzwa muFig. 6a-d, zvichiteerana.Mushure meichi nhanho yekugaya, zvese zvakataridzwa maitiro ezviyo anoratidzwa mumhando yeZrloffusion ane maitiro akasiyana-siyana anoratidzwa maamorphic maitiro 6.
XRD maitiro e (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 uye (d) Cu50Zr20Ni30 powders mushure meMA nguva ye50 h. Masampuli ose pasina kunze akaratidza halo diffusion pattern, zvichireva kuumbwa kwechikamu cheamorphous.
Field emission high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FE-HRTEM) yakashandiswa kuona kuchinja kwemaitiro uye kunzwisisa maumbirwo emunharaunda yehupfu hunobva pakugaya bhora panguva dzakasiyana MA.FE-HRTEM mifananidzo yehupfu yakawanikwa mushure mekutanga (6 h) uye yepakati (18 h) nhanho dzekucheka kweCu50ZrNi00c40c 4502C inoratidzwa muupfu. Maererano nemufananidzo wakajeka wemunda (BFI) yehupfu inogadzirwa mushure me MA 6 h, hupfu hunoumbwa nemhodzi huru ine miganhu yakanyatsotsanangurwa yezvinhu fcc-Cu, hcp-Zr uye fcc-Ni, uye hapana chiratidzo chokuti chikamu chekuita chakaumbwa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 7a. cusp diffraction pattern (Fig. 7b), zvichiratidza kuvapo kwemakristallite makuru uye kusavapo kwechikamu chekugadzirisa.
Local structural characterization yeMA powder yakawanikwa mushure mekutanga (6 h) uye yepakati (18 h) nhanho. (a) Munda emission high resolution transmission transmission electron microscopy (FE-HRTEM), uye (b) inoenderana yakasarudzwa nzvimbo diffraction pattern (SADP) yeCu50Zr30Ni20 powder mushure me MA kurapwa kwe6 h.The 4h0 mufananidzo we FE-80 FE-80 FE- 10 FE- 10 FE- 10 FE- 10 FE- 10 FE- 10 FE- FEZR image FE-8 inoratidzwa muna (c).
Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 7c, kuwedzera nguva yeMA kusvika ku18 h kwakakonzera kukanganisa kwakakomba kwelatiti yakasanganiswa neplastiki deformation.Panguva iyi yepakati pechikamu cheMA process, iyo poda inoratidza kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kukanganisa kwe stacking, lattice defects, uye point defects (Mufananidzo 7) .Izvi zvinokanganisa zvinokonzera zviyo zvishoma kudarika zviyo zvishoma neFig20. 7c).
Nzvimbo yemunharaunda yeCu50Z30Ni20 powder yakagayiwa kwe36 h MA nguva ine maitiro e-ultrafine nanograins akaiswa mu amorphous yakanaka matrix, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 8a.Local EDS kuongororwa kwakaratidza kuti iyo nanoclusters inoratidzwa muFig. 2 pa.% (nzvimbo yakaonda) kusvika ~ 74 pa.% (nzvimbo yakapfuma), ichiratidza kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.Uyezve, maSADP anowirirana ehupfu anowanikwa mushure mekugaya panguva ino anoratidza halo-diffusing primary and secondary rings of amorphous phase, inopindirana nemakona akapinza akabatanidzwa neaya manyoro alloying elements.
Beyond 36 h-Cu50Zr30Ni20 powder nanoscale local structure features.(a) Bright field image (BFI) uye inowirirana (b) SADP yeCu50Zr30Ni20 powder yakawanikwa mushure mekugaya kwe36 h MA nguva.
Pedyo nekupera kwemaitiro eMA (50 h), Cu50(Zr50−xNix), X;10, 20, 30 uye 40 pa.% powders nguva dzose ine labyrinthine amorphous phase morphology sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 9a-d.Muchikamu cheSADP chega chega chega, hapana-kufanana-kufanana nekusiyana kana maitiro akapinza annular anogona kuonekwa.Izvi zvinoratidza kuti hapana kristalline amorphous phase morphology sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 9a-d. Ffusion mapatani akashandiswa zvakare sehumbowo hwekuvandudzwa kweamorphous nhanho mune yekupedzisira chigadzirwa zvinhu.
Mamiriro emunharaunda echigadzirwa chekupedzisira cheMG Cu50 (Zr50−xNix) system.FE-HRTEM uye correlated nanobeam diffraction mapatani (NBDP) ye (a) Cu50Zr40Ni10, (b) Cu50Zr30Ni20, (c) Cu50Zr20Ni30 yakawana mushure meMAh0 Ni30 uye (d0) Cu50Zr20Ni30 (d) 4 Cu50Ni30.
Kugadzikana kwekupisa kwegirazi rekuchinja tembiricha (Tg), subcooled fluid region (ΔTx) uye crystallization tembiricha (Tx) sekushanda kweNi content (x) yeamorphous Cu50(Zr50−xNix) system yakaongororwa pachishandiswa differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC) yezvivakwa pasi peHe gas flow of the5Ni02Zr 0Ni02Zr Cu502ZR uye DSC3ZR 4002ZR C. Cu50Zr10Ni40 amorphous alloy powders yakawanikwa mushure me MA nguva ye50 h inoratidzwa muFig. 10a, b, e, zvichiteerana.Apo DSC curve yeamorphous Cu50Zr20Ni30 inoratidzwa zvakasiyana muFig. 10c.Zvichakadaro, Cu50Zr30 inoratidzwa muDSC ~ 0 sampuli muD70Ni20Ni20Ni20.
Thermal stability yeCu50(Zr50−xNix) MG powders inowanikwa mushure meMA nguva ye50 h, as indexed by glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization tembiricha (Tx), uye subcooled liquid region (ΔTx) .Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) thermograms ye (a) Cu0Nic050000,4 Cu50Z200, Cu50Z200, Cu50Z200,4 Cu50Zr5000,4 Cu50Zr5000Zr500, 40 Cu50Zr5000 Zr5000 Zr. Zr20Ni30 uye (e) Cu50Zr10Ni40 MG alloy powders mushure meMA nguva ye50 h. Iyo X-ray diffraction (XRD) muenzaniso weCu50Zr30Ni20 sampuli inopisa kusvika ~ 700 °C muDSC inoratidzwa mu (d).
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 10, iyo DSC curves yezvinhu zvese zvine mwero wakasiyana-siyana. 10 sampuli (fig. 10a), yakaiswa pa52 b) Loy yakaderera pane iyo yeMG Cu50zr40ni10 alloy;zvisinei, Tx yayo inoratidza kukosha kwakaenzana kune yekare (612 ° C) . Nokudaro, ΔTx inoratidza kukosha kwepamusoro (87 ° C), sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 10c.
Iyo MG Cu50(Zr50−xNix) sisitimu, inotora iyo MG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy semuenzaniso, inopenya kuburikidza neyakapinza exothermic peak mukati mekristaro zvikamu zvefcc-ZrCu5, orthorhombic-Zr7Cu10 uye orthorhombic-ZrNi30 alloy semuenzaniso. sampuli (Fig. 10d), iyo yakapisa kusvika ku700 ° C muDSC.
Mufananidzo 11 unoratidza mapikicha akatorwa panguva yekutonhora yekupfapfaidza yakaitwa mubasa razvino nzira mu thermal pfapfaidzo dzakatevedzana uye inogona kushandiswa simbi metastable tembiricha sensitive zvinhu zvakadai amorphous uye nanocrystalline upfu, izvo zvisingaenderani nechikamu chekuchinja .Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru pakusarudza nzira iyi.The cold spray process inoitwa nekushandisa high-velocity particles iyo inoshandura kinetic simba rezvikamu mupurasitiki deformation, nedhipoziti ye substrate kana kupisa kwepakutanga.
Mapikicha emumunda anoratidza nzira inotonhora yekupfapfaidza inoshandiswa pakugadzirira shanu dzakatevedzana dzeMG coating/SUS 304 pa550 °C.
Iyo kinetic simba rezvimedu, uye nokudaro kukurumidza kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe mukuumbwa kwekuputira, inofanira kuchinjwa kuva mamwe maitiro emagetsi kuburikidza nemaitiro akadai sepurasitiki deformation (yekutanga particle uye particle-particle interactions mu substrate uye particle interactions), voids Consolidation, particle-particle rotation, strain uye pakupedzisira inoshandura kupisa 39. is an elastic collision, zvinoreva kuti zvimedu zvinongodzokera shure mushure mekuita.Yakave yakaratidza kuti 90% yesimba rinoshandiswa rinoshandiswa kune chidimbu / substrate zvinhu zvinoshandurwa kuva kupisa kwenharaunda 40 .Uyezve, kana kushungurudza kunoshandiswa, kukwirira kwepurasitiki kunokonzera kunowanikwa munharaunda yekubatana / substrate munguva pfupi zvikuru41,42.
Plastiki deformation inowanzoonekwa senzira yekuparara kwesimba, kana kunyanya, nzvimbo yekupisa munharaunda yeinterfacial.Zvisinei, kuwedzera kwekushisa munharaunda yakatarisana kazhinji hakuna kukwana kubudisa interfacial kunyunguduka kana kusimudzira zvakanyanya atomic interdiffusion.Hapana chinyorwa chinozivikanwa kune vanyori chinoongorora mhedzisiro yezvimiro zveiyi simbi yegirazi poda yakapfapfaidza painotonhora nzira yekuisa paupfu uye inotonhora.
Iyo BFI yeMG Cu50Zr20Ni30 alloy powder inogona kuonekwa muFig. 12a, iyo yakanga yakaputirwa paSUS 304 substrate (Fig. 11, 12b) .Sezvinogona kuonekwa kubva pamufananidzo, mapoda akavharidzirwa anochengetedza maitiro avo ekutanga amorphous sezvavane hutete hwakatsetseka hwelabyrinth, kana kuti lattine defect yerabyrinth chimiro pasina imwe crystalne hand. ous phase, sezvinoratidzwa nanoparticles yakabatanidzwa muMG-coated powder matrix (Fig. 12a) .Mufananidzo 12c inoratidzira indexed nanobeam diffraction pattern (NBDP) yakabatana nenharaunda I (Mufananidzo 12a) .Sezvinoratidzwa muFig. 12c, NBDP inoratidzira maitiro asina simba e-codfusion akaenzana ne-coex-scristal maitiro ane simba guru re-coromorphic diffraction pattern (NBDP) Zr2Ni metastable plus tetragonal CuO phase.Kuumbwa kweCuO kunogona kuve kwakakonzerwa neoxidation yehupfu kana uchifamba kubva pamuromo wepfuti yekupfapfaidza kuenda kuSUS 304 mumhepo yakavhurika pasi pe supersonic flow.Kune rimwe divi, devitrification yesimbi yegirazi poda yakagoneka kuumbwa kwe50 ° C inotonhora ye50 ° C kupfapfaidza hombe pa50 ° C.
(a) FE-HRTEM mufananidzo weMG powder yakavharwa pa (b) SUS 304 substrate (inset of figure) .Indekisi NBDP yechiratidzo chedenderedzwa chinoratidzwa mu (a) chinoratidzwa mu (c).
Kuti uone iyi inogona kuita nzira yekuumbwa kwehombe cubic Zr2Ni nanoparticles, kuedza kwakazvimiririra kwakaitwa.Mukuedza uku, mapoda akapfapfaidzwa kubva papfuti yespray pa550 ° C munzira yeSUS 304 substrate;zvisinei, kujekesa annealing mhedzisiro yehupfu, dzakabviswa kubva kuSUS304 strip nekukurumidza sezvinobvira (anenge 60 seconds) .Imwe seti yezviedzo yakaitwa umo upfu hwakabviswa kubva kune substrate masekonzi 180 mushure mekuiswa.
Figures 13a,b inoratidza rima mifananidzo yemunda (DFI) yakawanikwa ne scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) yezvinhu zviviri zvakapfapfaidzwa zvakaiswa paSUS 304 substrates for 60 s and 180 s, zvakateerana.Mufananidzo wehupfu wakaiswa kwe60 seconds hauna morphological details, zvichiratidza kusavapo kwezvinhu (Fig. This Fig. This was also the 13a poda yakasimbiswa neXR). , sezvinoratidzwa nehupamhi hwepamusoro uye hwechipiri diffraction maxima inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 14a.Izvi zvinoratidza kusavapo kwemvura inonaya / mesophase, apo poda inochengetedza maitiro ayo epakutanga amorphous.Mukupesana, poda yakapfapfaidzwa pakupisa kwakafanana (550 ° C), asi yakasara pa substrate ye 180 s, yakaratidza zviyo zvakatetepa, yakaratidza 180 s, yakaratidza mutsara wakaoma. .