Zvinozorodza uye zvinoshamisa kuti vanyori vemifananidzo James Payne naJoan Sherwell vakasarudza kumiririra maartist matatu kubva kuNew York muGreat Cities of Art Explained series.
Varume ava vangave sarudzo iri pachena, kunyangwe mumwe chete wevatatu, Basquiat, aive chizvarwa cheNew York.
Vatatu abstract expressionists kubva kuNew York - Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning naHelen Frankenthaler.
Mupiro wevakadzi ava mubato wainge wakakura, asi Krasner na de Kooning vakapedza nguva zhinji yebasa ravo vari mumumvuri wevarume vavo vane mukurumbira, varatidziri vasinganzwisisiki Jackson Pollock naWillem de Kooning.
New York Abstract Expressionism yakapidigura Paris sepakati penyika yehunyanzvi uye ikava sangano revanhurume zvakanyanya.Krasner, Frankenthaler naElaine de Kooning vanowanzonzwa basa ravo richinzi "remukadzi", "lyrical" kana "manomano", izvo zvinoreva kuti vakati dzikamei.
Hans Hofmann inyanzvi yekutaura inomhanya studio yaKrasner muna 8th Street, kwaakadzidza mushure mekudzidza kuCooper Union, Art Students League uye National Academy of Design uye akashandira WPA Federal Art Project.Pane imwe nguva akarumbidza imwe yemifananidzo yake, achiti, "Zvakanaka zvekuti haungatendi kuti zvakagadzirwa nemukadzi."
Penn naShowell vanotsanangura kuti Krasner ari kubuda, akatovambwa muNew York art world, anogovera hukama hwakakosha naPollock mubasa ravo, rinoratidzwa pamwe chete neayo aPicasso, Matisse naGeorges Braque.Nguva pfupi yapfuura, akatanga kudanana naPollock.Pane yakakosha 1942 kuratidzwa kweFrench neAmerica pendi paMacmillan Gallery.
Vakaroora uye vakatamira kuLong Island, asi vasina kubudirira vakatarisa Kibosh pakunwa kwavo uye zviitiko zvekunze.Akakumbira danga pasi pebasa rake, uye akagadzira imba yekurara.
Nepo Pollock akapfapfaidza machira mahombe akarara pasi pedanga, Krasner akagadzira nhevedzano yemifananidzo midiki patafura, dzimwe nguva achiisa pendi kubva pachubhu.
Krasner anoenzanisa mavara nemabhii echiHebheru, ayo akadzidza achiri mudiki asi iye zvino haakwanisi kuverenga kana kunyora.Chero zvazvingava, maererano naye, anofarira kugadzira mutauro wekufananidzira wemunhu usingatauri chero zvazvinoreva.
Mushure mekunge Pollock afa mutsaona yekutyaira akadhakwa - tenzikadzi wake akapona - Krasner akati studio yekuchengetera dura yaive yemaitiro ake.
Iri idanho rekushandura.Basa rake harina kungokura chete, asi akafurirwawo nekufamba kwemuviri wakazara mukusika.
Makore gumi gare gare, akava neshoo yake yekutanga ega muNew York, uye muna 1984, mwedzi mitanhatu asati afa, MoMA yakamubata zvakamutarisa.
Mubvunzurudzo inonakidza neMukati meNew York's Art World muna 1978, Krasner akayeuka kuti mumazuva ekutanga, murume wake wechikadzi aisakanganisa maonerwo aiitwa basa rake.
Ndakaenda kuchikoro chesekondari nenyanzvi dzechikadzi chete, vakadzi vose.Uye ipapo ndakanga ndiri kuCooper Union, chikoro chehunyanzvi chevasikana, vese vakadzi maartist, uye kunyangwe pandakanga ndave muWPA, munoziva, hazvishamisi kuve mukadzi uye kuve muimbi.Zvese izvi zvakatanga kuitika kunonoka, kunyanya apo nzvimbo dzakatama kubva pakati peParis kuenda kuNew York, ndinofunga nguva iyi inonzi abstract expressionism, uye isu tava nemagarari, mitengo, mari, kutariswa.Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, kwakanga kwave kwakanyarara.Ipapo ndipo pandakatanga kuziva kuti ndaiva mukadzi, uye ndaiva ne "situation".
Elaine de Kooning akanga ari abstract portrait painter, art critic, political activist, mudzidzisi, uye "anokurumidza kupendi mutaundi", asi izvi zvakaitwa kazhinji zvakaderera kune izvo zvaMai Willem de Kooning, avo vaviri "Abstract Expressionism".hafu yevaviri.
Tsananguro yeguta guru rehunyanzvi inoratidza kuti makumi maviri emakore ekuparadzaniswa naWilliam - ivo vakayanana paaiva nemakore makumi mashanu - yaive nguva yekukura kwake uye hunyanzvi.Achitora kurudziro kubva kuhondo dzenzombe dzaakanga aona mukati menzendo dzake, akatendeudzira maziso ake echikadzi ane simba kuvarume uye akatumwa kupenda mufananidzo wepamutemo weMutungamiri Kennedy:
Hupenyu hwake hwese mifananidzo yaifanira kuitwa nekukurumidza, kubata maficha uye masaini, hafu seyemusoro, kunyangwe mukuona kwangu, sezvo asina kumbogara.Pane kuti ataridzike akafinyama, akagara semumhanyi kana kuti mudzidzi wepakoreji, achisvetuka-svetuka pachigaro chake.Pakutanga, maonero ehuduku akapindira, nokuti haana kumbogara.
SaKrasner naElaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler aive mumwe wevaviri vegoridhe veabstract expressionists, asi aive asina kurongerwa kuridza fiddle yechipiri kure kumurume wake, Robert Motherwell.
Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekukura kwake kwehunyanzvi hwe "dip-painting", umo anodira pendi yemafuta yakakanyiwa muturpentine pacanvas isina kugezwa yakarara yakati sandara.
Kushanyira Frankenthaler's studio, kwavakaona makomo ake emifananidzo nemakungwa kumusoro, vanyori vemifananidzo Kenneth Nolan naMaurice Lewis vakashandisawo nzira iyi, pamwe chete nechiratidzo chake chehupamhi, ruvara-ruvara, rwakazozivikanwa se gamut pendi.
Kufanana naPollock, Frankenthaler akaiswa mumagazini yeLIFE, kunyangwe seArt She Says anonongedza, haasi ese eHUPENYU muimbi profiles akafanana:
Nhaurirano pakati pekutapurirwa kuviri uku kunoratidzika kunge inyaya yesimba remurume rakatemwa nemagariro uye kuzvidzora kwechikadzi.Nepo Pollock's chinzvimbo chikuru chiri chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro ake ehunyanzvi, dambudziko harisi rekuti akamira, akagara.Asi, zviri kuburikidza nePollock kuti isu tinokwanisa kutarisa mukati mechikamu chepedyo chemaitiro ake anorwadza uye ekuvandudza.Kusiyana neizvi, Frankenthaler Parks inosimbisa pfungwa yedu yevakadzi maartist seakanyatsogadzirwa, akacheneswa manhamba akakwana sehunyanzvi hwavanogadzira.Kunyange zvazvo zvidimbu zvichiita sezvisinganzwisisiki uye visceral, sitiroko imwe neimwe inofungidzirwa kuti inomiririra nguva yakaverengwa, isina kukanganisa yekuvhenekera kwekuona.
Pane misoro mitatu yandisingadi kukurukura: michato yangu yapfuura, maartist uye maonero angu kune vemazuva ano.
Kune avo vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezve aya matatu abstract maartist, Penn naSchuwell vanopa anotevera kurudziro yebhuku:
Vakadzi veNinth Street: Lee Krasner, Elaine de Kooning, Nyasha Hartigan, Joan Mitchell, naHelen Frankenthaler: Vashanu Vanyori uye Movement Yakachinja Contemporary Art naMary Gabriel.
Vatatu vechikadzi maartist: Amy von Lintel, Bonnie Roos nevamwe vakawedzera Abstract Expressionism muAmerican West.
Vakadzi Mapiyona eBauhaus Art Movement: Kuwanikwa kwaGertrud Arndt, Marianne Brandt, Anna Albers uye Vamwe Vakakanganwa Innovators.
Rwendo rwemaminetsi matanhatu ekukurumidza kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano: mafambiro kubva kuManet's 1862 Lunch paGrass kuenda kuJackson Pollock's 1950s drip pendi.
Vulgar Nazi kutsamwa kupokana neabstract art uye "Degenerate Art Exhibition" ya1937.
- Ayun Holliday anotungamira primatologist kuEast Village Inky magazini uye nguva pfupi yadarika munyori weKusika Asi Asina Kuzivikanwa: Iyo Diki Mbatatisi Manifesto.Mutevere @AyunHalliday.
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Kusavapo kunosanganisira Alma W. Thomas mukadzi mutema Abstract Expressionist uyo akanga ari mukadzi wekutanga mutema kupinda mu "chikoro" chepfungwa (Washington School of Color) uye yekutanga muWhitby.Mukadzi mutema ane solo show muNi, mukadzi wekutanga muimbi ane basa dema rakatengwa neWhite House - zvinosetsa uye zvinosuruvarisa, zvakajairwa zvekuti kangani maartist anokanganwa.Basa rake rave kupedzisa retrospective kumamiziyamu emaguta mana, uye firimu pfupi nezvehupenyu hwake nebasa rakaongororwa pamitambo inopfuura makumi matatu nemasere gore rapfuura.https://missalmathomas.com https://columbusmuseum.com/alma-w-thomas/about-alma-w-thomas.html
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