Paunenge uchigadzira dhizaini yepiping system, injinjini yekugadzira inowanzo tsanangura kuti iyo system piping inofanirwa kuenderana nechikamu chimwe kana kupfuura zveASME B31 Pressure Piping Code.Vanjiniya vanonyatsotevedzera sei zvinodikanwa zvekodhi pakugadzira masisitimu epombi?
Kutanga, injinjiniya anofanira kusarudza kuti ndeupi tsanangudzo yekugadzira inofanira kusarudzwa.Nekuda kwekumanikidzika kwepiping systems, izvi hazvirevi kuASME B31.Mamwe makodhi akabudiswa neASME, ANSI, NFPA, kana mamwe masangano anotonga anogona kutungamirirwa nenzvimbo yeprojekti, kushandiswa, nezvimwewo.Mu ASME B31, pane ikozvino zvikamu zvinomwe zvakasiyana zviri kushanda.
ASME B31.1 Electrical Piping: Ichi chikamu chinovhara pombi muzviteshi zvemagetsi, maindasitiri uye masangano ekugadzira, geothermal kudziyisa masisitimu, uye yepakati uye yedunhu kudziyisa uye kutonhora masisitimu.Izvi zvinosanganisira bhailer yekunze uye isiri-boiler yekunze pombi inoshandiswa kuisa ASME Section I boilers.Chikamu ichi hachishandi kune midziyo yakavharwa neASME Boiler uye Pressure Vessel Code, mamwe anotonhorera akadzika 0 paragraph0 inotsanangurwa paragraph0 paradziro yepasi. ASME B31.1.Mavambo eASME B31.1 anogona kurondwa kumashure kumakore ekuma1920, nekutanga kuburitswa muna 1935.Zivai kuti edition yekutanga, kusanganisira apendices, yaive isingasviki mapeji makumi matatu, uye chinyorwa chazvino chakareba mapeji anopfuura 300.
ASME B31.3 Magadzirirwo Mapombi: Chikamu ichi chinovhara pombi muzvicheneso;makemikari, mishonga, machira, mapepa, semiconductor, uye cryogenic zvirimwa;uye inodyidzana kugadzira zvidyarwa uye materminals.Ichi chikamu chakafanana chaizvo neASME B31.1, kunyanya pakuverenga hushoma hwemadziro ukobvu hwepombi yakatwasuka.Chikamu ichi pakutanga chaive chikamu cheB31.1 uye chakatanga kuburitswa zvakasiyana mu1959.
ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquids and Slurry: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi dzinotakura zvinhu zvemvura pakati pezvirimwa nematerminals, uye mukati mematerminals, pombi, conditioning, uye metering stations.
ASME B31.5 Refrigeration Piping and Heat Transfer Components: Chikamu ichi chinovhara pombi dzemafiriji uye zvechipiri zvinotonhorera.
ASME B31.8 Gasi Kufambiswa uye Kugovera Piping Systems: Izvi zvinosanganisira pombi kutakura zvakanyanya zvigadzirwa zvegasi pakati pezvinobva nematerminal, zvinosanganisira compressor, conditioning uye mitaro zviteshi;uye kuunganidza gasi pombi.Chikamu ichi pakutanga chaive chikamu cheB31.1 uye chakatanga kuburitswa zvakasiyana muna 1955.
ASME B31.9 Building Services Piping: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi dzinowanzo wanikwa mumaindasitiri, masangano, ezvokutengeserana, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji;uye nzvimbo dzekugara dzemayuniti akawanda dzisingadi hukuru, kudzvanywa, uye tembiricha dzakafukidzwa muASME B31.1.Chikamu ichi chakafanana neASME B31.1 uye B31.3, asi hachina kuchengetedza (kunyanya kana uchiverenga kukora kwemadziro mashoma) uye ine ruzivo rushoma.Inogumira kune yakaderera kudzvinyirira, yakaderera tembiricha zvikumbiro sezvakaratidzwa muASME B39100 ndima yekutanga yakabudiswa mundima 29109.
ASME B31.12 Hydrogen Piping and Piping: Chikamu ichi chinobata pombi mugasi uye liquid hydrogen sevhisi, uye pombi mugasi rehydrogen sevhisi. Chikamu ichi chakatanga kuburitswa muna 2008.
Ndeipi kodhi yedhizaini inofanira kushandiswa pakupedzisira inova kumuridzi. Nhanganyaya yeASME B31 inoti, "Ibasa remuridzi wekusarudza chikamu chekodhi chinonyatsoenderana nekuiswa kwepombi kuri kurongwa."Mune zvimwe zviitiko, "zvikamu zvekodhi zvakawanda zvinogona kushanda kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekuisa."
The 2012 edition yeASME B31.1 ichashanda sechirevo chekutanga chehurukuro dzinotevera.Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekutungamira injinjini yekusarudza kuburikidza nemamwe matanho makuru mukugadzira ASME B31 inopindirana nekumanikidza pombi system.Kutevedzera nhungamiro yeASME B31.1 inopa kumiririrwa kwakanaka kwegeneral system design.Similar yeASME ye3B3 nzira dzekugadzira 3 dzinoramba dzichishandiswa. 31 inoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akamanikana, kunyanya kune mamwe maitiro kana maitiro, uye haazokurukurwa mberi.Kunyange zvazvo matanho anokosha mukugadzirisa maitiro achasimbiswa pano, nhaurirano iyi haina kukwana uye kodhi yakakwana inofanira kugara ichitaurwa panguva yekugadzira system.Zvose zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinoreva ASME B31.1 kunze kwekunge zvataurwa.
Mushure mekusarudza kodeti yakarurama, mugadziri wegadziriro anofanirawo kuongorora chero zvigadziro-zvakananga zvekugadzirisa zvinodiwa.Paragraph 122 (Chikamu 6) inopa zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvine chokuita nehurongwa hunowanzowanikwa mumashandisi epombi emagetsi, zvakadai semhepo, mvura yekudya, blowdown uye blowdown, instrumentation piping, uye hurongwa hwekuderedza kudzvinyirira.ASME B31.3 ine ndima dzakafanana neASME B31.3 ine ndima shoma mundima 2, Concipe2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1. zvinodiwa tembiricha, pamwe neakasiyana ekutonga zvipimo zvakatsanangurwa pakati peiyo boiler muviri, boiler ekunze pombi, uye isiri-boiler yekunze pombi yakabatana neASME Chikamu I boiler pombi.tsananguro.Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza izvi zvisingakwanisi zvedhiramu boiler.
Iyo dhizaini yedhizaini inofanirwa kuona kudzvanywa uye tembiricha iyo sisitimu ichashanda uye mamiriro ayo sisitimu inofanirwa kugadzirwa kusangana nayo.
Zvinoenderana nendima 101.2, iyo yemukati dhizaini yekumanikidza haizove yakaderera pane yakanyanya kuenderera mberi kushanda kumanikidza (MSOP) mukati mepombi system, kusanganisira mhedzisiro ye static head.Piping inoiswa pasi pekumanikidzwa kwekunze ichagadzirirwa iyo yakanyanya kusiyanisa kudzvinyirirwa kunotarisirwa pasi pekushanda, kuvharwa kana bvunzo mamiriro.Kuwedzera, kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kunoda kutariswa. Maererano nendima 101.4 kuderedzwa kwepombi kune kutonhora kwepombi pazasi kwepombi, kana kutonhora kwepombi kune kutonhora kwepombi pazasi kwepopheri inotonhorera. ichagadzirirwa kumira kunze kwekunze kana matanho achatorwa kuti aparadze vacuum.Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuwedzera kwemvura kunogona kuwedzera kudzvinyirira, zvirongwa zvepombi zvinofanira kugadzirwa kuti zvigadzirise kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kana matanho anofanira kutorwa kuti abvise kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya.
Kutanga muChikamu 101.3.2, tembiricha yesimbi yekugadzira pombi ichave inomiririra mamiriro anotarisirwa akasimba. Kuti zvive nyore, zvinowanzofungidzirwa kuti tembiricha yesimbi yakaenzana netembiricha yemvura. Kana zvichidikanwa, tembiricha yeavhareji yesimbi inogona kushandiswa chero tembiricha yekunze kwemadziro ichizivikanwa. Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune zvinwiwa zvinokwevedzwa kuburikidza neyakaomarara tembiricha kubva kune yakaipisisa midziyo yekupisa.
Kazhinji, vagadziri vanowedzera mwero wekuchengetedza kune yakanyanya kumanikidza kushanda uye / kana tembiricha.Kukura kwemargin kunoenderana nechikumbiro.Zvakakoshawo kufunga zvipingamupinyi zvezvinhu pakusarudza tembiricha yekugadzira.Kutsanangura tembiricha yepamusoro yekugadzira (yakakura kupfuura 750 F) ingada kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvealloy pane iyo yakawanda standard carbon steel.Iyo yekushushikana kwetsika muMandatory zvinhu zvinopihwa chete kune imwe neimwe tembiricha, Carbon material inopihwa chete kune imwe neimwe tembiricha. ukoshi hunosvika 800 F.Kugara kwenguva refu kwekabhoni simbi kune tembiricha inopfuura 800 F inogona kukonzera kuti pombi ive carbonize, zvichiita kuti iite brittle uye ive nyore kutadza.Kana ichishanda pamusoro pe800 F, kukurumidza kukuvadzwa kwekabhoni kunofanirwa kutariswa.Ona ndima 124 yehurukuro yakazara yezvinogumira tembiricha.
Dzimwe nguva mainjiniya anogonawo kutsanangura kumanikidzwa kwekuedza kune imwe neimwe system.Paragraph 137 inopa hutungamiri pamusoro pekunetseka kwekunetseka.Kazhinji, kuongororwa kwehydrostatic kuchatsanangurwa pa 1.5 nguva yekumanikidza kwekugadzira;zvisinei, hoop uye longitudinal stress mu pombi haifaniri kudarika 90% yesimba regoho rezvinhu zviri mundima 102.3.3 (B) panguva yekuedza kudzvinyirira.Kune mamwe maitiro asina-boiler ekunze kwepiping systems, in-service leak test inogona kuva imwe nzira inoshanda yekutarisa kudonha nekuda kwekuoma kwekuparadzanisa zvikamu zvehurongwa hwekutanga, kana kungobvumira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa hurongwa hwekutanga.Bvumiranai, izvi zvinotenderwa.
Kana mamiriro ekugadzira asimbiswa, pombi inogona kutsanangurwa.Chinhu chekutanga chekusarudza ndechipi chinoshandiswa.Sezvakataurwa kare, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine miganhu yekushisa yakasiyana-siyana.Ndima 105 inopa zvimwe zvirambidzo pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepombi.Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu kunoenderanawo negadziriro yemvura, yakadai se nickel alloys mu corrosive chemical piping applications, simbi isina tsvina kuti ibudise yakachena chiridzwa mhepo, kana greccelerated simbi inoyerera pane yakakwirira chrometer inodzivirira kuyerera kwechiridzwa chepamusoro, kana carbon chromium ine simbi yakakwirira. corrosion.Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) chiitiko chekukukurwa/kuora kwakaratidza kukonzeresa kutetepa kwemadziro uye kutadza kushanda kwepombi mune mamwe mapombi akanyanya kuoma.Kutadza kunyatsofunga nezvekutetepa kwemidziyo yepombi kunogona uye kwakave nemhedzisiro yakaipa, senge muna 2007 apo pombi inopisa kupisa paKCPN&Laring yechitatu yevashandi veKCPN&Laring vashandi vaviri.
Equation 7 uye Equation 9 mundima 104.1.1 inotsanangura hushoma hunodiwa rusvingo ukobvu uye hukuru hwemukati dhizaini dhizaini, zvichiteerana, kune yakatwasuka pombi zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwemukati.Kusiyana-siyana mukuenzanisa uku kunosanganisira kushushikana kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa (kubva kune Inosungirwa Kuwedzera A), iyo dhayamita yekunze kwepombi, iyo chinhu chinhu (sezvinoratidzwa muTebhurari 104) iyo yakawanda inobvumira (sezvinotsanangurwa muTebhura 104). kutsanangura zvakakodzera pombi zvinhu, dhayamita dhayamita, uye madziro ukobvu inogona iterative muitiro inogonawo kusanganisira fluid velocity, kudonhedzwa kumanikidzwa, uye pombi uye pombi cost.Pasinei nechikumbiro, shoma rusvingo ukobvu inodiwa inofanira kuongororwa.
Kuwedzerwa kwemvumo yeukobvu inogona kuwedzerwa kutsiva zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosanganisira FAC. Zvibvumirano zvingadiwa nekuda kwekubviswa kweshinda, slots, nezvimwewo zvinhu zvinodiwa kugadzira majoini emuchina. Maererano nendima 102.4.2, iyo shoma inobvumirwa ichave yakaenzana nehupamhi hweshinda pamwe nekushivirira kwekugadzira. Allowance inogonawo kudiwa kupa, kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira, kukuvadza kwepipe kana kukuvadza zvakanyanya kudzivirira, kukuvadza kwepipe inokurukurwa mundima 102.4.4.Allowances inogonawo kuwedzerwa ku account for welded joints (ndima 102.4.3) nemagokora (ndima 102.4.5) .Pakupedzisira, kushivirira kunogona kuwedzerwa kubhadhara corrosion uye / kana kuputika.The ukobvu hwemvumo iyi yemvumo yemvumo inotarirwa nehupenyu hwehupenyu huchave huri mugadziri uye mugadziri. 02.4.1.
Optional Annex IV inopa hutungamiri pamusoro pekuora kwekudzivirira.Dziviriro yekudzivirira, cathodic kudzivirira, uye magetsi ega (akadai se insulating flanges) inzira dzose dzekudzivirira kunze kwekunze kwepipelines yakavigwa kana pasi pemvura.Corrosion inhibitors kana liners inogona kushandiswa kudzivirira mukati mukati.Kuchengetedza kunofanirawo kutorwa kushandisa hydrostatic yekuongorora, hydroping test uye dhizaini zvakakodzera kana zvichidiwa.
Iyo yakaderera pombi madziro ukobvu kana hurongwa hunodiwa pazviverengero zvakapfuura zvinogona kusagara padhayamita yepombi uye zvingada kutsanangurwa kwezvirongwa zvakasiyana zvemadhayamita akasiyana. Hurongwa hwakakodzera uye ukobvu hwemadziro hunotsanangurwa muASME B36.10 Welded uye Seamless Forged Steel Pipe.
Paunenge uchitsanangura iyo pombi zvinhu uye kuita masvomhu ambotaurwa, zvakakosha kuve nechokwadi kuti iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kushushikana kukosha yakashandiswa mukuverenga inoenderana neyakatsanangurwa zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana A312 304L Stainless simbi pombi yakasarudzwa zvisizvo seA312 304 pombi yesimbi isina tsvina, ukobvu hwemadziro hwakapihwa hunogona kunge husina kukwana nekuda kwekukosha kwemaitiro maviri akakosha. pombi ichave yakanyatsotsanangurwa.Somuenzaniso, kana iyo yakawanda inobvumirwa kushushikana kukosha kwepombi isina musono yakashandiswa pakuverenga, pombi isina musono inofanira kutsanangurwa.Zvikasadaro, mugadziri/mugadziri anogona kupa musono welded pombi, izvo zvingaguma nekusakwana kwemadziro ukobvu nekuda kwekuderera kwakanyanya kunobvumirwa kushushikana kukosha.
Somuenzaniso, ngatitii tembiricha yekugadzira pombi i300 F uye dhizaini yekugadzira i1,200 psig.2″ uye 3″.Carbon steel (A53 Grade B isina seamless) waya ichashandiswa.Tsvaga chirongwa chakakodzera chepombi kuti utsanangure kusangana nezvinodiwa zveASME B31.1 Equation 9.Kutanga, mamiriro ekugadzira anotsanangurwa:
Tevere, tarisa iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa kushushikana kukosha kweA53 Giredhi B pane ari pamusoro dhizaini tembiricha kubva Tafura A-1. Ziva kuti kukosha kwepombi isina musono inoshandiswa nekuti pombi isina musono inotsanangurwa:
Hukobvu mvumo inofanirawo kuwedzerwa.Pakushandisa ichi, 1/16 inch.Corrosion allowance inofungidzirwa.A separate milling tolerance ichawedzerwa gare gare.
3 inches. Iyo pombi ichataurwa kutanga. Tichifunga iyo Schedule 40 pombi uye 12.5% ​​kushivirira kwekugaya, verenga iyo yakanyanya kudzvanywa:
Purogiramu 40 pombi inogutsa 3 inches.tube mumamiriro ekugadzirisa anotsanangurwa pamusoro apa.Zvino, tarisa masendimita maviri.Pipeline inoshandisa fungidziro imwechete:
2 inches.Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzira anotsanangurwa pamusoro, iyo pombi inoda kukora kwemadziro ukobvu kupfuura Chirongwa 40.Edza 2 inches.Schedule 80 Pipes:
Nepo ukobvu hwepombi madziro kazhinji ndicho chinodzikamisa dhizaini dhizaini, zvichiri kukosha kuona kuti mafittings, zvikamu uye zvinongedzo zvinoshandiswa zvakakodzerwa neyakatsanangurwa dhizaini mamiriro.
Semutemo wakajairwa, zvinoenderana nendima 104.2, 104.7.1, 106 uye 107, mavharuvhu ese, mafirita uye zvimwe zvinhu zvine kudzvanya zvinogadzirwa zvinoenderana nezviyero zvakanyorwa muTable 126.1 zvichaonekwa zvakakodzera kuti zvishandiswe pasi pemamiriro ekushanda akajairwa kana pasi peiyo miyero yekumanikidza-tembiricha kana miganho inotaridzwa kana vagadziri vanogona kutariswa. kutsauka kubva pakushanda kwakajairika pane izvo zvinotsanangurwa muASME B31.1, miganho yakaoma ichashanda.
Pamharadzano dzepombi, ma tee, machinjiro, michinjikwa, majoini akasungwa ebazi, zvichingodaro, akagadzirwa maererano nezviyero zvakanyorwa muTebhura 126.1 zvinokurudzirwa.Pane dzimwe nguva, mharadzano dzepombi dzinogona kuda kubatana kwemapazi akasiyana-siyana.Ganhuro 104.3.1 inopa zvimwe zvinodiwa pakubatanidza mapazi kuti ive nechokwadi chokuti pane zvinhu zvepombi zvakakwana kuti zvimire kumanikidzika.
Kurerutsa dhizaini, mugadziri angasarudza kuseta magadzirirwo emamiriro epamusoro kuti asangane nechiyero cheflange cheimwe kirasi yekumanikidza (eg ASME kirasi 150, 300, zvichingodaro) sekutsanangurwa kwekirasi yekudzvanya-tembiricha yemhando dzakatsanangurwa muASME B16 .5 Pipe flanges uye flange majoini, kana miyero yakafanana yakanyorwa muTebhurari 126 iyi isingagamuchirwe mune imwe madziro. component designs.
Chikamu chinokosha chekugadzirwa kwepombi ndechekuvimbisa kuti kutendeseka kwehutano hwepombi kunochengetedzwa kamwe chete migumisiro yekumanikidzika, kutonhora uye simba rekunze rinoshandiswa.System structural integrity inowanzoregeredzwa mukugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa uye, kana isina kuitwa zvakanaka, inogona kuva imwe yezvikamu zvinodhura zvekugadzira.Kutendeseka kwemaitiro kunokurukurwa kunyanya munzvimbo mbiri: Kuwedzera kwePipe9; uye Flexibility.
Ndima 104.8 inoronga maitiro emitemo yekodhi inoshandiswa kuona kana hurongwa hwepombi hunodarika kodhi inobvumirwa kushushikana.Idzi nhamba dzekodhi dzinowanzozivikanwa semitoro inopfuurira, dzimwe nguva mitoro, uye mitoro yekufambisa.Mutoro unotsigirwa ndiwo mugumisiro wekumanikidzika uye uremu pane piping system.Zviitiko zvinotakura mitoro inopfuurira pamwe chete nemitoro inogoneka yemhepo, iyo imwe neimwe inotakura mitoro, seiter imwe neimwe inotakurwa nemhepo. chiitiko chinotakura chinoshandiswa hachizoiti pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinotakura panguva imwe chete, saka chimwe nechimwe chinotakura chichava chakasiyana chinotakura zvinhu panguva yekuongorora.Dzimisiro yekutakura ndiyo migumisiro yekukura kwekupisa, kushandiswa kwemidziyo panguva yekushanda, kana chero imwe nzvimbo yekufambisa.
Ndima 119 inotaura nezve mabatiro ekuwedzera kwepombi uye kuchinjika mupombi masisitimu uye kuti ungaziva sei kuita mitoro.Kuchinjika kwepombi masisitimu kunonyanya kukosha mukubatanidza midziyo, sezvo mizhinji yekubatanidza midziyo inogona kungomira kushoma huwandu hwesimba uye nguva inoshandiswa panzvimbo yekubatanidza.Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kukura kwekupisa kwepombi system kune mhedzisiro yakakura pane yekupindura mutoro mukutonga kwakakosha, saka iyo inonyanya kukosha.
Kugadzirisa kushanduka kwepiping system uye kuve nechokwadi kuti chirongwa chacho chakanyatsotsigirwa, itsika yakanaka kutsigira mapaipi esimbi maererano neTafura 121.5.Kana mugadziri anoedza kusangana netsika yekutsigira nzvimbo yetafura iyi, inozadzisa zvinhu zvitatu: inoderedza kuzvidzora kwehuremu, inoderedza mitoro yakagadzikana, uye inowedzera mitoro inowanika kune iyo 1 mugadziri achaita kuti 1 igadziriswe. kazhinji inoguma isingasviki 1/8 inch of self-weight displacement or sag.between the tube supports.Kuderedza self-weight deflection kunobatsira kuderedza mukana we condensation mumapombi anotakura steam kana gasi.Kutevera mazano ekuparadzanisa muTable 121.5 inobvumirawo mugadziri kuderedza kushushikana kwakasimba mupombi kune inenge 50% inoenderera mberi, inobvumira 50%. nokuti mitoro inotamiswa inopesana nemitoro yakaramba iripo.Naizvozvo, nekuderedza mutoro wakaramba uripo, kushivirira kwekusagadzikana kunogona kukwidziridzwa.Iyo nzvimbo inokurudzirwa yezvitsigiso zvepombi inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Kubatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti piping system reaction mitoro inotariswa zvakanaka uye kuti kushushikana kwekodhi kunoitwa, nzira yakajairika ndeyekuita komputa-inobatsira piping stress analysis of the system.Kune akawanda akasiyana pipeline stress analysis software mapakeji anowanikwa, akadai seBentley AutoPIPE, Intergraph Caesar II, Piping Solutions Tri-Flex, kana imwe yemamwe mapakeji anowanikwa mune zvekutengesa.Kunakirwa kwekushandisa piping system yekugadzira dhizaini yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping system yekugadzira dhizaini yemhando yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping system yekugadzira dhizaini yemhando yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping system yekugadzira dhizaini yekugadzira iyo inobvumira iyo piping system yekugadzira dhizaini gadziriso. kuongororwa kuri nyore uye kukwanisa kuita shanduko dzinodiwa pakugadzirisa.Mufananidzo 4 unoratidza muenzaniso wekuenzanisira uye kuongorora chikamu chepombi.
Paunenge uchigadzira hurongwa hutsva, vagadziri vehurongwa vanowanzotsanangura kuti piping uye zvikamu zvose zvinofanira kugadzirwa, welded, kuunganidzwa, nezvimwewo sezvinodiwa nekodhi ipi zvayo inoshandiswa.Zvisinei, mune mamwe maretrofits kana mamwe maitiro, zvingave zvinobatsira kune injiniya akasarudzwa kuti ape mazano kune dzimwe nzira dzekugadzira, sezvinotsanangurwa muChitsauko V.
Dambudziko rinowanzosangana mumashandisirwo ekugadzirisa ndeye weld preheat (ndima 131) uye post-weld kupisa kurapwa (ndima 132) .Pakati pezvimwe zvikomborero, izvi zvinopisa zvinopisa zvinoshandiswa kuderedza kushungurudzika, kudzivirira kuputika, uye kuwedzera simba re weld.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa pre-weld uye post-weld heat treatment zvinodiwa zvinosanganisira, asi hazvirevi kune, zvinhu zvinotevera: Plded thickening group, inova zvinhu zvinotevera: Mandatory Appendix A ine nhamba yakapiwa P. For preheating, ndima 131 inopa hushoma tembiricha iyo hwaro simbi inofanira kudziyirwa isati yaitika welding.Kune PWHT, Tafura 132 inopa kubata tembiricha yemhando uye urefu hwenguva yekubata weld zone.Kupisa uye kutonhora mazinga, tembiricha kuyerwa nzira, kudziyisa matekiniki, uye mamwe maitirwo anofanirwa kuteedzerwa pane iyo kodhi kodhi. kuitika nekuda kwekutadza kunyatsopisa kupisa.
Imwe nzvimbo inogona kunetsa mumasisitimu epombi anodzvanywa ipombi inobhenda. Kubhenda kwepombi kunogona kukonzera kutetepa kwemadziro, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwemadziro ukobvu. Zvinoenderana nendima 102.4.5, iyo kodhi inobvumira kubhenda chero hudiki hwemadziro ukobvu huchigutsa nzira imwechete inoshandiswa kuverenga hushoma hwemadziro ukobvu hwepombi yakatwasuka. Kazhinji, mari inobvumirwa0 uye inopihwa madziro akasiyana. bend radii.Mabhenji angangodawo kupeta-peta uye/kana kupeta-peta kurapwa kwekupisa.Ganhuro 129 inopa nhungamiro pakugadzirwa kwemagokora.
Kune akawanda ekumanikidza kwepombi masisitimu, zvinodikanwa kuisa vharafu yekuchengetedza kana vharafu yekuyamura kudzivirira kudzvinyirira zvakanyanya muhurongwa.Kune maapplication aya, sarudzo yeAppendix II: Safety Valve Installation Design Mitemo chinhu chakakosha asi dzimwe nguva chinozivikanwa zvishoma.
Zvinoenderana nendima II-1.2, mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anoratidzirwa neyakavhurika yakazara pop-up chiito chegasi kana sevhisi sevhisi, nepo mavharuvhu ekuchengetedza akavhurika anoenderana nekumusoro kwe static pressure uye anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sevhisi.
Zvisungo zvevhavhavha yekudzivirira zvinoratidzirwa kana zvakavhurika kana kuti zvakavharwa zvigadziriso zvekubudisa.Mukubuda pachena, gorofu iri pakubuda kwevhavhavhavha yekudzivirira inowanzobuda mukati mepombi yepombi kuenda kumhepo.Kazhinji, izvi zvichaita kuti kuderedzwa kwemashure kuderera.Kana kumanikidzwa kwemashure kwakakwana kunogadzirwa mupombi yepombi, chikamu chekubuda kwegasi mumhepo inoputika inogona kupera. pombi inofanira kuva yakakura zvakakwana kudzivirira blowback.Mukuvharwa kwemhepo inoshandiswa, kumanikidzwa kunowedzera panzvimbo yekudzivirira kwevhavha yekudzivirira nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemhepo mumutsara wemhepo, zvichiita kuti mafungu emhepo awedzere kupararira.Mundima II-2.2.2, inokurudzirwa kuti dhizaini yekugadzira mutsara wakavharwa wekuvhara mutsara uwedzere kaviri kudarika mamiriro ekugadzirisa kushanda.
Kuiswa kwevhavhavha yekudzivirira kunogona kuzviisa pasi pemasimba akasiyana-siyana sezvinopfupikiswa mundima II-2. Aya masimba anosanganisira kuwedzera kwemafuta ekuwedzera, kupindirana kwemavhavhavha akawanda ekudzivirira mhepo panguva imwe chete, seismic uye / kana vibration migumisiro, uye migumisiro yekumanikidzika panguva yezviitiko zvekudzivirira. valve.Equations inopiwa mundima II-2.2 yekuona kumanikidzwa uye velocity pagokora rinobudisa, kubuda kwepombi inlet, uye kubuda kwepombi yekubuda kwemaitiro akazaruka uye akavharwa.Kushandisa ruzivo urwu, maitiro ekuita panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muhutano hwekutsvaira kunogona kuverengwa uye kuverengwa.
Dambudziko remuenzaniso wekushandiswa kwekushama kwakazaruka kunopiwa mundima II-7.Dzimwe nzira dziripo pakuverenga maitiro ekuyerera mumagetsi ekuyamura mavharuvhu ekubudisa, uye muverengi anonyeverwa kuti aone kuti nzira inoshandiswa inochengetedza zvakakwana.Imwe nzira yakadaro inotsanangurwa naGS Liao mu "Power Plant Safety uye Pressure Relief Valve Exhaust Group Analysis muOctober 9, 1 October 2017."
Ivhavha yekuyamura inofanira kunge iri pane imwe nzvimbo yepombi yakatwasuka kubva kune chero mabhendi.Ichi chinhambwe chishoma chinoenderana nebasa uye geometry yegadziriro sezvinotsanangurwa mundima II-5.2.1.Pakuiswa nemagetsi akawanda ekuyamura mavharuvhu, nzvimbo yakakurudzirwa yekubatanidza bazi revhavha rinoenderana neradii yebazi uye piping yebasa, sezvinoratidzwa muCherechedzo (10) (c) yeTafura D-1.5 (c) yeTable D-1. vharafu inobuda kune yekushanda pombi pane zvivako zviri pedyo kuti kuderedze migumisiro yekuwedzera kwekushisa uye kupindirana kwekudengenyeka kwenyika. Pfupiso yeiyi uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa mukugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu ekuchengetedza anogona kuwanikwa mundima II-5.
Zviri pachena kuti hazvibviri kuvhara zvose zvinodiwa zvekugadzira zveASME B31 mukati mechikamu chechinyorwa ichi.Asi chero injinjini yakasarudzwa inobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwepiping piping system inofanira kunge yakajairana nekodhi iyi yekugadzira.Tariro, nemashoko ari pamusoro apa, vaverengi vachawana ASME B31 chinhu chinokosha uye chinowanikwa.
Monte K. Engelkemier ndiye mutungamiri wepurojekiti paStanley Consultants.Engelkemier inhengo yeIowa Engineering Society, NSPE, neASME, uye anoshanda paB31.1 Electrical Piping Code Committee uye Subcommittee.Ane makore anopfuura gumi nemaviri eruzivo rwepombi system marongerwo, dhizaini, bracing evaluation uye kushushikana kweWilkey. 6 makore ehunyanzvi ruzivo rwekugadzira pombi masisitimu ezvakasiyana zvekushandisa, maneja, masangano uye maindasitiri vatengi uye inhengo yeASME neIowa Engineering Society.
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