Xusuusin Tifaftiraha: Annually.Mining Engineering wuxuu leeyahay dib u eegista macdanta warshadaha
Rajesh Raitani waa xubin SME ee Cytec Industries Inc. wuxuuna madax u yahay Guddiga Farsamada ee Qeybta Macdanta Warshadaha iyo Isku-darka.
Caawimadoodu waxay suurtagelisay arrinta Macdanta Warshadaha ee Juulay. Anigoo ku hadlaya magaca akhristayaasha, tafatirayaashu way u mahadcelinayaan.
Afar shirkadood - HC Spinks Clay Co., Inc., Imerys.Old Hickory Clay Co. iyo Unimin Corp. - dhoobada kubbadda macdanta ee afar gobol 2013. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta hordhaca ah, wax soo saarku waa 1 metric ton (1.1 million tons gaaban) oo lagu qiyaasay qiimaha $ 47 million. Wax soo saarka ayaa kordhay 3 boqolkiiba gaaban ilaa 9.1 $ 10. 5.1 million. Tennessee waa hormuudka wax soo saarka, xisaabinta 64% ee wax soo saarka gudaha, oo ay ku xigto Texas.Mississippi iyo Kentucky.About 67% ee wadarta kubad dhoobada wax soo saarka waa sabbaynaya hawada, 22% waa dhoobo qalafsan ama la jajabiyey, iyo 11% waa slurry biyaha.
2013, soosaarayaasha dhoobada kubbadda gudaha waxay ka iibiyeen dhoobada suuqyada soo socda: dhoobada dhoobada iyo derbiyada (44%);dhoofinta (21%);alaabta nadaafadda (18%);dhoobada kala duwan (9%);isticmaalka dhamaadka 2012 Mode iyo suuqa hadda, buuxinta, fidiyeyaasha iyo xirayaasha iyo isticmaalka aan la cayimin (4% kasta) .Suuqyada kale waxay xisaabiyaan wax ka yar 1% dhoobada kubbadda haray ee la iibiyo ama la isticmaalo. Iibinta ayaa lagu soo warramey soo saarista fiberglass ama buuxinta ugu badan, buuxinta iyo codsiyada binder waxay u badan tahay inay noqdaan kaolin dhoobo ah oo dhoobo ah ama ay iibsadeen soo saarayaasha kubbadda.
Marka loo eego sahan horudhac ah oo lagu sameeyay dhoobada dhoobada gudaha, celceliska qiimaha dhoobada gudaha wuxuu ahaa qiyaastii US $ 47 / t ($ 43 / t) 2013, marka la barbar dhigo US $ 46 / t ($ 42 / t) ee 2012. Qiimaha cutubka dhoofinta iyo soo dejinta dhoobada waxay ahaayeen $ 126 / t ($ 114 / st) iyo $ 373 / t ($ 3 / 3 $ marka la barbar dhigo $ 3 $ 373 / t ($ 3) /st) iyo $314/t ($285/st) ee 2013) ee 2012, siday u kala horreeyaan.Qiimaha halbeegga ee dhoofinta bulk ayaa kordhay 2013, iyo shixnadaha dhoofinta-tonnage, qiimaha sarreeya labanlaaban 2013 marka la barbar dhigo 2012, taasoo keentay in dhoofinta celceliska labanlaab-laba-qiimihiisu hooseeyo 2 xisaabaadka. qiimaha soo dejinta.
Sida laga soo xigtay Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka, 4,681 tan (516 tan) oo dhoobo kubbad ah ayaa la soo dhoofiyay 2013, oo lagu qiimeeyay $174,000, marka la barbar dhigo 436 tan (481 tan) oo qiimaheedu yahay $137,000 sanadkii 2012. Inta badan dhoobada kubbadda ayaa laga keenay Boqortooyada Ingiriiska.Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka ayaa sheegay in dhoofinta 2013 ay ahaayeen 52.2 carats (57,500 gaaban ton) oo qiimihiisu yahay $6.6 milyan, marka la barbar dhigo 74 carats (81.600 tan) ee 2012, lagu qiimeeyay $ 4.58 milyan. Meelaha ugu muhiimsan ee dhoofinta kubbadda dhoobada ayaa hoos u dhacaya, Belgium, xarumaha waaweyn ee Yurub ee dhoobada ee Venezuela. Exports.Wax soosaarayaasha Maraykanku waxay caadi ahaan soo sheegaan laba ilaa saddex jeer in ka badan dhoofinta marka loo eego Xafiiska Tirakoobka Mareykanka. Sida laga soo xigtay tirakoobyada ganacsiga ee soo dejinta ee ay daabacday Wasaaradda Dhaqaalaha Mexico, dhoofinta dhoobada kubbadda ee tan weyn ee laga soo raro Mareykanka loona diro Mexico waxaa loo kala saari karaa kaolin.
2013, dhismaha ganacsiga iyo hawlaha dhismaha guryaha ayaa muhiim u ah iibinta dhoobada dhoobada sababtoo ah isticmaalka alaabta dhoobada dhoobada ah. Xafiiska Tirakoobka Maraykanka ayaa sheegay in 923,000 guri guri oo gaar loo leeyahay uu bilaabmayo 2013, marka la barbar dhigo qiimaha 10000181. iyo dhismayaasha aan deganayn ee la dhamaystiray 2013 waxay kordheen 5 boqolkiiba ilaa $898 bilyan laga soo bilaabo $857 bilyan ee 2012. Intaa waxaa dheer, arrimaha la wareegidda ayaa lagu xalliyaa qaybo badan oo Maraykanka ah, hoos u dhigista tirada guryaha bannaan ee suuqa. In kasta oo horumarintaas, bilawga guriyeynta ayaa weli ka hooseeya heerarka hoos u dhaca ka hor.
Iibinta gudaha ee dhoobada kubbadda waxaa sidoo kale saameeya soo dejinta alaabta dhoobada ku salaysan sida tiles iyo alaabta nadaafadda.In 2013, tirada foornada la soo dejiyo ayaa hoos uga dhacday $62.1 milyan ee 5.86 mitir laba jibaaran (63.1 milyan cagood oo laba jibbaaran) 2012 ilaa 5.58 mitir oo laba jibbaaran (60.1 milyan oo cag laba jibaaran) qiimihiisu yahay $64.7 milyan. .10.00, 6908.10.10, 6908.10.20, 6908.10.50 Sida ay u kala horreeyaan, Shiinaha (22%);Mexico (21%);Talyaaniga iyo Turkiga (10% midkiiba);Brazil (7%);Colombia, Peru iyo Spain (5% midkiiba) . Soo dejinta alaabada fayadhowrka ayaa kordhay 25.2 milyan 2012 ilaa 29.7 milyan 2013. Shiinaha ayaa ku xisaabtamay 14.7 milyan (49%) ee agabka fayadhowrka Mareykanka ee 2013, iyo Mexico 11.6 milyan (39%). Sida soo-saarayaasha Maraykanku ay yihiin alaab-qeybiyeyaasha kubbadda dhoobada ah ee warshadaha dhoobada Mexico. Kororka dhaqdhaqaaqa dhismaha ayaa soo jeedinaya in kobaca iibka dhoobada gudaha ee 2014 laga yaabo inuu la mid yahay 2013.*
Ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan bauxite ee laga isticmaalo Maraykanka waa la soo dhoofiyaa.Alabama, Arkansas, iyo Georgia waxay soo saaraan xaddi yar oo bauxite iyo dhoobo bauxite ah oo loogu talagalay isticmaalka aan birta ahayn.
Metallurgical fasalka bauxite (qalalan qallafsan) soo dejinta wadar ahaan 9.8 metric tonnes (10.1 milyan oo tan caadiga ah) ee 2013, 5% hoos u dhac ku yimid 2012. Jamaica (48%). Guinea (26%) iyo Brazil (25%) ayaa ahaa alaab-qeybiyeyaal ugu sarreeya Maraykanka 223014. tan) calcined bauxite ee darajada refractory waa la soo dejiyay, koror 58% sanadba sanadka ka dambeeya.
Soo dejinta ee bauxite darajada refractory kordhay marka la barbar dhigo 2012, taasoo keentay in buuxinta alaabooyinka sida dhoofinta bauxite-ku salaysan wax soo saarka refractory hoos u dhacay marka la barbar dhigo 2012. Wax soo saarka birta gudaha, taas oo ah isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bauxite-ku salaysan alaabta refractory, hoos u dhac ku saabsan 2% ee 2020 (4%), marka la barbar dhigo 2020% 4 China. Soo dejinta bauxite calcined ee heerka refractory ee Maraykanka.
Soo dejinta ee bauxite fasalka non-refractory wadar ahaan 455 carats (501,500 gaaban tons gaaban) ee 2013, a 40% korodhay in ka badan 2012 soo dejinta. Kobaca waxaa loo aaneeyey in kororka isticmaalka bauxite ee sibidhka, warshadaha saliidda sida proppant ah ee hydraulic jabinta, Brazil80% (Australia) iyo birta ugu weyn ee Brazil. ilo.
Sannadkii 2013, Maraykanku waxa uu dhoofiyay 9-carat (9,900 st) refractory class calcined bauxite, 40% korodhay dhoofinta 2012, Canada (72%) iyo Mexico (7%) meelaha ugu muhiimsan ns) 2012kii
Wax soo saarka alumina ee gudaha waxaa lagu qiyaasay 4.1 metric tons (4.6 million tons short ton) 2013, hoos 7% laga soo bilaabo 2012. Hoos u dhaca ayaa sabab u ah wax soo saarka hoose ee Ormet Corp. GmbH oo dib loo bilaabay bartamihii Disembar.
Wadarta guud ee alumina soo dejinta ee 2013 waxay ahaayeen 2.05 metrik ton (2.26 milyan oo tan caadiga ah), 8% ayaa kordhay 2012 alumina soo dejinta. Australia (37%), Suriname (35%) iyo Brazil (12%) ayaa ahaa ilaha ugu muhiimsan 2012 dhoofinta. Waxaa ka mid ah, Kanada (35%), Masar (17%) iyo Iceland (13%) waa meelaha ugu muhiimsan.
Wadarta guud ee isticmaalka bauxite ee gudaha (oo ku salaysan qalalan cayriin oo u dhigma) 2013 ayaa lagu qiyaasay 9.8 mt (10.1 milyan oo tan caadiga ah), 2% ka sarreeya 2012. Tani, qiyaastii 8.8 metric tons (9.1 million tons standard) ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu soo saaro alumina.6% ka hooseeya isticmaalka kiimikaad ee sannadkii hore. ctories, iyo sidoo kale warshadaha saliidda, wax soo saarka birta iyo daaweynta biyaha.
Wadarta guud ee isticmaalka aluminiinta gudaha ee warshadaha aluminium ee 2013 waxay ahayd 3.89 metrik ton (4.29 million tons standard), hoos u dhac 6% ah 2012 sibidhka, sibidhka, dhoobada iyo kiimikooyinka.
Qiimaha bauxite ee la soo dejiyo iyo kuwa la dhoofiyo way ku kala duwan yihiin isha, halka loo socdo iyo darajada. Qiimaha unugga ee darajada refractory calcined bauxite ee laga keenay ilo waaweyn 2013 waxay ahaayeen $813/t ($737/st) Brazil (ilaa 5%) iyo $480/t ($435/st) Shiinaha (wax yar hoos uga dhacay) iyo $441 ($441)
Qiimaha bauxite calcined ee darajada aan refractory ee laga keenay ilo waaweyn waxay u dhaxaysay $56/t ($51/st) Australia (hoos u dhacay 20%) ilaa $65/t ($59/st) ee Giriiga (ilaa 12%) ee 2013 a 2013 wuxuu ahaa $396/t ($359/st), 3% ayuu ka hooseeyaa 2012 2012. Celceliska qiimaha alumina ee laga dhoofiyo Maraykanka ayaa hoos u dhacay 11% ilaa $400 sanadkii 2013 marka loo eego 2012 qiimaha /t ($363/st).
Qiimaha aluminiumku wuxuu sii socday 2013 ilaa rubuci hore ee 2014. Qiimaha aluminiumka hooseeya iyo kharashka korantada sarreeya ayaa lagu sheegay sababaha xiritaanka mid ka mid ah aluminium aluminium aasaasiga ah ee 2013 iyo ku dhawaaqida xiritaanka aluminium kale oo aluminium ah rubuci hore ee 2014. Tamarta Cusub Dhammaadkii 20120 iyo bilawga aluminiumka aasaasiga ah ee 4 ee mulkiilayaasha aluminiumka ayaa gaadhay saddexdii mulkiilayaasha aluminium. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, milkiilayaasha laba kale oo tufaax ah ayaa isku dayaya inay ka wada xaajoodaan heshiisyada korontada si loo yareeyo qiimaha korontada.
Inkasta oo qiimaha aluminiumku uu xasiliyay rubuci hore ee 2014, baahida alumina waxay ku xirnaan doontaa heshiisyada tamarta cusub ee cusub ee qaar ka mid ah smelters. Halka qiimaha gaaska dabiiciga ah ee Maraykanku uu sii waday inuu kordho sannadkii la soo dhaafay, qiimaha hooseeya ayaa la filayaa inuu sii wado bixinta faa'iidooyinka kharashka ee guryaha alumina ee 2014.
Soo dejinta calcined calcined bauxite ayaa la filayaa in ay ku xiran tahay wax soo saarka birta, laakiin ku beddelashada birta leh aluminium by automakers doonaya si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka shidaalka waxay u badan tahay in ay yareeyaan baahida birta iyo alaabta refractory ee steelmaking.
Sannadkii 2013, warshadaha bentonite waxba kama beddelin laga bilaabo 2012. Wadarta wax soo saarka iyo iibinta Maraykanka waxay ahaayeen 4.95 metric tons (5.4 million columns), marka la barbar dhigo 4.98 metric tons (5.5 million columns) 2012. Wax soo saarka bentonite ee la balaariyay ayaa waxaa u badan Wyoming, iyo Utah. 2011, dib u soo kabashada Maraykanka iyo hoos u dhaca aduunka (2007-2009) ayaa u muuqday mid si weyn u dhameystiray. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wax soo saarka guryaha iyo isticmaalka dhismaha bentonite ee la xidhiidha ayaa ugu dambeyntii bilaabay inay soo kabtaan. Waqooyiga Ameerika (US iyo Kanada), bararka sodium bentonite ayaa xukuma calcium bentonite aan bararsaneyn, xisaabinta in ka badan 97% wax soo saarka gobolka Alabama, Alabama ee wax soo saarka bentonite ee gobolka Alabama. Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bentonite-ka ee aan ballaarin waa xirmooyinka ciidda cawska, daaweynta biyaha iyo sifeynta.
Adduunka oo dhan, soo saaraha ugu weyn ee sodium activated bentonite waa Greece. China, Egypt iyo India.AMCOL (hore American Colloid Co.) ayaa weli ah hormuudka soo saaraha sodium bentonite ee ku saabsan 40% suuqa, halka BPM Minerals LLC (a Halliburton hoostiisa) uu leeyahay oo ku saabsan 30% US saamiyada suuqa madow. Soosaarayaasha tonite ayaa bilaabay dhismaha 2013. Wyo-Ben Inc. waxay ka furteen miino cusub meel u dhow Thermopolis, Wyoming. Kaydka deebaajiga ayaa la filayaa inuu socdo ugu yaraan 10 ilaa 20 sano. Kharashka alaabta ceeriin ayaa ah mid deggan, halka heerarka xamuulka xamuulka aan isbeddelin 2013.
Qodista heerka Bentonite ee saliidda iyo gaaska qodista iyo soo kabashada ayaa ahayd isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bentonite la balaariyay 2013, soo saarista ku dhawaad ​​1.15 metric tons (1.26 milyan oo tan gaaban).
Suuqa nuugaya qashinka xaywaanka ee la dubay ayaa ah suuqa labaad ee ugu wayn ee bentonite oo balaariyay metrik ton (1.15 milyan metric ton) sanadka 2013 mt).
Pellets-ka macdanta birta ee bentonite ee la balaariyay ayaa ahaa suuqa saddexaad ee ugu weyn, oo koray ilaa 550 kilotons (606.000 tan gaaban) sanadkii 2013 iyadoo baahida birta ay kor u kacday soosaarka baabuurta iyo qalabka culus ee Mareykanka.
Laga soo bilaabo 2011, celceliska cadadka bentonite ee la balaariyay ee loo isticmaalo sida binder ee ciid aasaaska birta iyo biraha kale ayaa ka badan 500 carats (550,000 oo tan gaaban).
Suuqa bentonite ee codsiyada injineernimada madaniga ah, oo si gaar ah loo kala soocay 2005, wuxuu ahaa 175 carats (192,000 oo tan gaaban), taas oo muujinaysa in suuqa uu bilaabay inuu ka soo kabsado hoos u dhacii 2008. The waterproofing iyo shaabadeynta suuqa bentonite ayaa sii waday inay la koraan warshadaha dhismaha ka dib hoos u dhaca US, gaarey 15000 baabuur gaaban suuqa kale. bentonites yar yar oo la balaariyay ee xabagta, quudinta xoolaha, buuxinta iyo buuxinta, iyo codsiyada kale guud ahaan kama soo kabsan hoos u dhacii 2008.
Qayb yar oo ka mid ah suuqa bentonite waxay ku takhasustay cabitaanka iyo caddaynta khamriga iyo alaabta organoclay.AMCOL, Alaabooyinka Clay ee Koonfurta, Sud Chemie iyo Elementis Specialties Inc. waxay daba joogaan suuqa nanocomposite bentonite. Qiimaha alaabta organoclay sida Bentone 910, Bentone 920 iyo Bentone 990 ee dareerayaasha qodista saliidda ku salaysan.
Tan iyo hoos u dhacii caalamiga ahaa ee 2008dii, sarifka dollarka maraykanka waxa uu ka caawiyay bararka dhoofinta bentonite.Sannadkii 2013, wax soosaarayaasha bentonite ee gudaha ayaa sheegay in la dhoofiyay 950 carats (1.05 million tons short) oo bentonite ah si loogu qodayo dhoobada, sanduuqyada ciidda cawska ah iyo suuqyo kale oo kala duwan oo laga soo dhoofiyo Canada.
Bismuth waa curiye ka culus kiimikaad la xidhiidha antimony.Waa wax soo saarka rasaasta iyo tungsten soo saarista,iyo ilaa xad maarta iyo daasadda.Antimony waa curiye kiimiko fudud.Waa qayb ka mid ah soo saarista biraha sida rasaasta, qalinka iyo dahabka.Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee bismuth iyo antimony waa isku-dar ah.
Iskudhisyada bismuth iyo antimony iyo isticmaalka aan biraha ahayn ee la xidhiidha ayaa xisaabiya inta badan isticmaalka walxahan kiimikaad
Kooxda ugu weyn ee isticmaalka dhamaadka bismuth waa kooxda kiimikaad, oo ay ku jiraan dawooyinka sida Pepto Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate), qurxinta indhaha oo leh saameyn luul ah (bismuth oxychloride), kicinta, iyo isticmaalka kiimikada kale sida rinji (Bismuth Vanadate Yellow).
Kooxda soo socota ee ugu muhiimsan ee isticmaalka dhamaadka bismuth waa kooxda lagu daro metallurgical, kuwaas oo ka kooban ka hortagtaa crystallization ee graphite ka carbon supersaturated birta dhalaalaysa, kor machining lacag la'aan ah ee birta, copper iyo aluminium, iyo kor u daahan uniform in galvanizing.For dhammaan codsiyada kooxdan wax lagu daro, bismuth ma dhaqmaan sida wakiilka alloying ah, laakiin halkii falcelin u baahan tahay guryaha. 0.1% bismuth ama selenium oo loogu talagalay mashiinada wanaagsan.Marka la barbar dhigo kooxahan dhamaadka-isticmaalka, kooxda bismuth aluminium waxay ku xisaabtamaysaa qadar yar oo bismuth ah waxaana loo isticmaalaa daawaha fusible, alwaaxyada kale ee dhalaalka hooseeya, iyo rasaasta.
Isticmaalka ugu weyn ee antimony waa sida ololka dabka, inta badan daaweynta balaastigga, xabagta iyo dunta. Antimony oxide waxay leedahay door gaar ah sida gaaska-waji-xajisyada xorta ah ee dab-demiska ololka, qalabyada kala duwan ee halogenated ee waaweyn ee loo isticmaalo sida ololka.
Qayb kale oo ka mid ah alaabooyinka aan biraha ahayn ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa midabada iyo dhalooyinka (oo ay ku jiraan ceramics) Antimony oxide ee muraayadaha iyo ceramics intooda badan waxay u dhaqmaan sida muraayadaha, laakiin antimony ee muraayadaha khaaska ah ayaa caddayn kara iyaga.
Dib-u-warshadaynta waxay u dhaxaysaa wax aan macquul ahayn (bismuth ee dawooyinka caloosha iyo waxyaalaha la isku qurxiyo sababtoo ah gabi ahaanba waa kala firdhisan tahay) ilaa ay yaraatay dhibka, sida antimony ee ololka retardants, waxyaalaha birta lagu daro iyo bismuth ee galvanizing, antimony in galaas Bismuth in Additives and Catalysts.Habka ugu fudud, ugu fudud uguna raqiisan ee dib loogu warshadayn karo bismuthka iyadoo la isticmaalayo alaabo fusible ah iyo alloys kale iyo antimony ku jira taarikada macdanta rasaasta ee baytariyada.
Soo dejinta Maraykanka ee bismuth birta ah ayaa ah mid aan isbeddelin sannadihii 2012 iyo 2013 1,699 tan (1,872 gaagaaban) iyo 1,708 tan (1,882 gaagaaban). (24,100 tan) ee 2013, waxoogaa koror ah. Laba bilood oo xogta 2014 ah ayaa soo jeedinaysa in qaabkani uu sii socdo. Sahanka Juquraafi ee Maraykanka (USGS) mar dambe ma daabici karo sahanka isticmaalka bismuth ee saddexdii biloodba mar.
Sannadka 2011 (ugu dambeeyay ee la daabacay) wadarta isticmaalka dhamaadka sanadlaha ah ee bismuth ee Maraykanka ayaa ahaa 222 tan (245 tan) kooxda wax-ku-darka birta ah iyo 54 tan (59 tan) oo loogu talagalay bismuth alloys. Hadhaaga waxaa inta badan loogu talagalay kiimikooyinka, 6681 (736 st).
Isticmaalka antimony ee muuqata ee USGS ee gudaha Maraykanka wuxuu ahaa 21.7 carats (23,900 oo tan gaaban) 2012 iyo 24 carats (26,500 oo tan gaaban) 2013.
Maqnaanshaha inta badan xogta, natiijooyinka 2013 ee bismuth wax yar ayaa isbeddelay. Antimony, baaritaanka xogta xaddidan, isticmaalka 2013 waa inuu ka sarreeyaa 10% marka loo eego 2012. 2014, bismuth waxay u muuqataa inay u badan tahay inay sii socoto oo aan isbeddelin iyo antimony in yar hoos u dhaco.
Afar macdan ayaa ah 90 boqolkiiba borateyada ay isticmaalaan warshadaha adduunka oo dhan-sodium borate, tin calcium, iyo potassium;borate calcium, stearate calcium;iyo calcium sodium borate, colemanite.Borax waa walax crystalline cad kiimikaad loo yaqaan sodium tetraborate decahydrate, kaas oo si dabiici ah ka dhaca macdanta tin.Boric acid waa midab la'aan, crystalline adag iibiyey in farsamo, warqadda gobolka iyo darajooyin tayo gaar ah in granular ama foomka budada, inta badan sida anhydrous boric acid.Borate deposits waxay la xiriiraan dhaqdhaqaaqa dhaqaale ee ugu weyn ee Maraykanka iyo Mooryaanta ugu weyn ee kaydka cimilada ee Maraykanka. boron.CA, Alpine Belt ee Koonfurta Aasiya, Andean Belt ee Koonfurta Ameerika.Tayada kheyraadka ama kaydka waxaa badanaa lagu qiyaasaa boron trioxide (B,0,) oo u dhigma.
2013 Wax soo saarka Maraykanka ee macdanta boron iyo xeryahooda wax yar ayaa kordhay laga bilaabo 2012;Laba shirkadood oo ku yaal Koonfurta California waxay soo saaraan macdanta boron, ugu horreyntii sodium borate. Tareen ama baabuur lagu raray macaamiisha Waqooyiga Ameerika ama si caalami ah loogu iibiyo iyada oo loo sii marayo Dekadda Los Angeles. Borates Specialty, sida beeraha, ilaalinta alwaax iyo alaabada ololka, ayaa lagu soo saaraa Wilmington, CA, ee Borax.plant.Searles Valley Minerals, Inc. dhirta dhamaadka, brines kuwan waxaa lagu sifeeyaa anhydrous, fuuq-baxa iyo borax pentahydrate.
Macdanta boron-ka iyo kiimikooyinka ayaa ugu horrayn lagu cunaa waqooyiga dhexe iyo bari ee Maraykanka. Qiyaasta qaabka qaybinta ee xeryahooda boron ee laga isticmaalo Maraykanka 2013 waxay ahaayeen quraarado iyo ceramics, 80%;saabuunta, saabuunta, iyo warankiilo, 4%;beeraha, 4%;dhaldhalaalka iyo dhaldhalaalka, 3% iyo isticmaalka kale, 9% Boron waxaa loo isticmaalaa galaas ahaan wax lagu daro si loo yareeyo ballaarinta kulaylka;hagaajinta xoogga, caabbinta kiimikada, iyo adkeysiga;waxayna bixiyaan iska caabin gariir, heerkul sare, iyo shoog kulaylka. Insulation iyo fiberglass-ka duntu waa isticmaalka kaliya ee ugu badan ee borates adduunka oo dhan.
Boron waa nafaqeeyayaalka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo beeraha, inta badan si kor loogu qaado wax soo saarka abuurka.
Dhoofinta borate sodium ee Maraykanku waxa ay ahayd 650 kt (716,000 st) 2013, wax yar ayaa ka kordhay 646 kt (712,000 st) 2012. Dhoofinta asiidhka boric ayaan waxba iska bedelin 190 kt (209,000 st) 10/t ($740/st) ee 2013. Qofka ugu muhiimsan ee loo dhoofiyo boric acid 2013 wuxuu ahaa Kuuriyada Koonfureed, oo ka dhigan 20 boqolkiiba. 2013 waxay ahayd $687/t ($623/st), ilaa $782/1 ($709/st) ee 2012.
Turkiga iyo Maraykanka ayaa dunida ku hogaamiyay wax soo saarka borate 2013. Marka laga reebo wax soo saarka Maraykanka, wadarta guud ee miisaanka borate adduunka waxa lagu qiyaasay 4.9 metric tons (5.4 million short tons) sanadkii 2013, korodh dhan 11 boqolkiiba marka loo eego 2012.
Argentina waa soosaaraha ugu weyn ee macdanta boron ee Koonfurta Ameerika. Korodhka wax soo saarka borate ee Argentina, gaar ahaan boric acid, ayaa inta badan sabab u ah baahida korodhka ah ee warshadaha dhoobada iyo dhalooyinka ee Aasiya iyo Waqooyiga Ameerika.