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Nidaam cusub oo ku salaysan dhalaalidda laser-ka xulashada si loo xakameeyo qaab-dhismeedka microstructure ee alaabta ee habka wax-soo-saarka ayaa la soo jeediyay. Farsamaynta waxay ku tiirsan tahay jiilka hirarka ultrasonic ee xoogga badan ee barkadda dhalaalka ah ee adag ee xoojinta-modulated laser irradiation.
wax soo saarka wax lagu daro (AM) ee qaybo kakan-qaabeeya ayaa si weyn u koray tobankii sano ee la soo dhaafay.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, inkastoo kala duwan ee hababka wax soo saarka lagu daro, oo ay ku jiraan dhalaalidda laser xulashada (SLM) 1,2,3, depositioning biraha laser toos ah4,5,6, dhalaalida alwaax elektarooniga ah7,8 iyo others9,10, Qaybaha waxaa laga yaabaa in cillad.This inta badan waxaa sabab u ah sifooyin gaar ah oo ka mid ah dhaldhalaalka balliga adag, iyo qaboojinta balliga sare, wareegyada dhalaalka iyo dib u soo celinta walxaha 11, taas oo u horseedaysa korriinka hadhuudhka epitaxial iyo porosity weyn.12,13 waxay muujisay in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la xakameeyo gradients kulaylka, heerarka qaboojinta, iyo ka kooban alloy, ama codsan shoog dheeraad ah jirka by beeraha dibadda ee guryaha kala duwan, sida ultrasound, si loo gaaro qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudh siman siman.
Daabacado badan ayaa ka walaacsan saamaynta daaweynta gariir ee habka adag ee hababka tuurista caadiga ah14,15.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, codsanaya duurka dibadda ee dhalaalka bulk ma soo saaro microstructure walxaha la doonayo.If mugga wajiga dareeraha ah waa yar yahay, xaaladdu si weyn ayey isu beddeshaa. Xaaladdan oo kale, beerta dibadda ayaa si weyn u saameeya habka adag ee adag, beeraha 108,224,108,175,108,295,24,25,26,17,108,175 ,26,27, arc stirring28 iyo oscillation29, saamaynta electromagnetic inta lagu guda jiro pulsed plasma arcs30,31 iyo hababka kale32 ayaa la tixgeliyey .Attach in substrate isticmaalaya il ultrasound sare-xoog dibadda ah (at 20 kHz) .The ultrasonic-induced hadhuudhkii waxaa loo aaneeyey in ay kor u kac ka kooban subcoolite ee heerkulka hooseeyo subcoolite ah heer-kulka.
In shaqada this, waxaan baarnay suurtagalnimada in la beddelo qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudh of biraha austenitic ahama by sonicating barkada dhalaalaysa la mowjadaha dhawaaqa dhalin by laser dhalaalaysa laftiisa.The xoojinta modulation ee dhacdada shucaaca laser on natiijada dhexdhexaad ah iftiinka-nuugista ee jiilka mowjadaha ultrasonic, taas oo bedeli microstructure ah ee material.This xoojinta LM modulation ee hadda jira daabacaadda karaan daabacaadda. Taarikada birta ah ee dusha sare ee ay soo saareen shucaaca laser-ka-modulated.Sidaas darteed, farsamo ahaan, daaweynta dusha laser-ka ayaa la sameeyaa. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, haddii daaweynta laser-ka noocan oo kale ah lagu sameeyo dusha sare ee lakab kasta, inta lagu jiro lakab-lakab-lakab dhismo, saamaynta mugga oo dhan ama qaybaha la doortay ee mugga ayaa la gaaraa. Si kale haddii loo dhigo, haddii qaybta la dhisay lakabka lakabka, daaweynta laser-ka ee lakabka kasta waa "laqui".
Halka daawaynta ultrasonic gees-ku-saleysan ee ultrasonic, tamarta ultrasonic ee mowjadda dhawaaqa taagan ayaa loo qaybiyaa dhammaan qaybaha, halka xoojinta ultrasonic laser-ku-soo-baxa ay aad u badan tahay meel u dhow meesha shucaaca laysarka la nuugo.Isticmaalka sonotrode ee mashiinka sariirta budada ee SLM waa mid adag sababtoo ah dusha sare ee sariirta budada ah ee soo bandhigay shucaaca laserka waa in uu sii ahaado mid taagan. eber iyo xawaaraha qayb wuxuu leeyahay baaxadda ugu badan ee dusha sare ee qaybta oo dhan. Cadaadiska dhawaaqa gudaha barkada dhalaalaysa oo dhan kama badan karo 0.1% cadaadiska ugu badan ee uu keeno madaxa alxanka, sababtoo ah hirarka ultrasonic ee hirarka ultrasonic inta jeer ee 20 kHz ee birta aan la taaban karin waa \ (\sim 0.3 ~\text \ (\mm 0.3 ~\text \ \\ 0) inta badan waa {3 mm. Sidaa darteed, saamaynta ultrasound ee cavitation waxay noqon kartaa mid yar.
Waa in la ogaadaa in isticmaalka shucaaca laysarka ee xoojinta-modulated ee kaydinta birta laysarka ee tooska ah waa aag firfircoon oo cilmi-baaris ah35,36,37,38.
Saamaynta kulaylka ee dhacdada shucaaca laysarka ee dhexdhexaadka ah ayaa saldhig u ah ku dhawaad ​​dhammaan qalabka farsamaynta farsamooyinka laser 39, 40, sida jarida 41, alxanka, adkaynta, qodista 42, nadiifinta dusha sare, daawaynta dusha sare, polishing dusha 43, iwm. alaabta farsamada iyo soo koobid natiijooyinka hordhaca ah ee dib u eegista badan iyo monographs 44, 64 .
Waa in la ogaadaa in tallaabo kasta oo aan joogto ahayn oo ku saabsan dhexdhexaadinta, oo ay ku jiraan tallaabo lasing on dhexdhexaad ah nuugista, natiijada in excitation ee hirarka acoustic waxaa ku jira wax ku ool ah ka badan ama ka yar. s50, 51, 52 waxa ay bixinayaan falanqaynta aragtiyeed ee habkan iyo codsiyadooda la taaban karo.
Arrimahan ayaa markii dambe looga hadlay shirar kala duwan, iyo excitation laser ee ultrasound ayaa codsiyada labada codsiyada warshadaha ee technology laser53 iyo medicine54.Sidaas darteed, waxaa loo qaadan karaa in fikradda aasaasiga ah ee geeddi-socodka by kaas oo pulsed iftiinka laser dhaqmo on dhexdhexaad ah nuugista ayaa la aasaasay.Laser kormeerka ultrasonic waxaa loo isticmaalaa ogaanshaha cillad of SLM-sameeyayaasha soo saaray55,556.
Saamaynta mowjadaha shoogga laser-ka-soo-baxa ee alaabta ayaa saldhig u ah shoogga laser peening57,58,59, kaas oo sidoo kale loo isticmaalo daaweynta dusha sare ee qaybaha wax lagu daro ee la soo saaray60. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xoojinta shoogga laysarka ayaa ah mid waxtar leh oo ku saabsan xuubka laysarka ee nanosecond iyo sagxadaha si farsamaysan (tusaale, lakabka dareeraha) 59 sababtoo ah loading farsamo ayaa kordhiya cadaadiska ugu sarreeya.
Tijaabooyin ayaa la sameeyay si loo baaro saamaynta suurtagalka ah ee beeraha jireed ee kala duwan ee microstructure ee qalabka adag. Jaantuska functional ee habaynta tijaabada ayaa lagu muujiyay Jaantuska 1. A pulsed Nd: YAG laser adag oo ku shaqeeya habka xorta ah ee orodka (\tau _L \ sim 150 ~ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \) ayaa la isticmaalay filter dhexdhexaad ah iyadoo la adeegsanayo laser dhexdhexaad ah. Iyada oo ku xidhan isku dhafka filtarrada cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah, tamarta garaaca wadnaha ee bartilmaameedku way kala duwan tahay \ (E_L \ sim 20 ~ qoraalka {mJ} \) ilaa \ (E_L \ sim 100 ~\ qoraalka {mJ} \) \(1~\text {ms}\))) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu go'aamiyo dhacdada iyo ka tarjumaysa bartilmaameedka, iyo laba mitir oo koronto ah (sawiro leh waqtiyo jawaab celin gaaban \(<10~\text {ns}\))) si loo go'aamiyo dhacdada iyo awoodda indhaha ee ka tarjumaysa. meesha muunada ah. Diirada saar duleelka bartilmaameedka adoo isticmaalaya muraayad (daahan Antireflection at \(1.06 \upmu \text {m}\), dhererka focal \(160~\text {mm}\)) iyo dhexda alwaax dushiisa bartilmaameedka 60- \(100~\upmu\text {m}\).
Jaantus shaxeed shaqaynaya ee habaynta tijaabada: 1-laser;2-lambarka laser;3- filter cufnaanta dhexdhexaadka ah;4-photodiode la isku daray;5-kala qaybsanaha biraha;6 - diaphragm;7-calorimeter ee iftiinka dhacdada;8 - calorimitirka iftiinka iftiinka;9 - mitirka korontada ee dhacdada;10 - mitir koronto oo muuqda;11 - muraayad diiradda;12 - muraayad;13 - muunad;14 - transducer piezoelectric broadband;15 - 2D beddele;16 - meelaynta microcontroller;17 - cutubka isku xidhka;18 - nidaamka iibka dhijitaalka ah ee kanaalka badan oo leh heerar muunado kala duwan;19 - kombuyuutar gaar ah.
Daaweynta Ultrasonic waxaa loo fuliyaa sida soo socota.Laysku wuxuu ku shaqeeyaa qaab bilaash ah;Sidaa darteed muddada garaaca laysarka waa \ (\ tau _L \ sim 150 ~ \ upmu \ text {s} \), kaas oo ka kooban dhowr durations oo ku dhawaad ​​\(1.5~\upmu \text {s} \) mid kasta. Qaabka ku meel gaadhka ah ee garaaca laysarka iyo spectrum ka kooban yahay baqshad hoose-frequency text iyo celceliska \ \ MHz ah \ 7 , celceliska \ \ 7. sida ku cad Jaantus 2.- Baqshadda soo noqnoqda waxay bixisaa kuleyliyaha iyo dhalaalka xiga iyo uumiga alaabta, halka qaybta soo noqnoqda sare ay bixiso gariirada ultrasonic sababtoo ah saamaynta sawir-qaadista.The waveform ee garaaca ultrasonic garaaca by laser waxaa inta badan lagu go'aamiyaa qaabka wakhtiga ee xoojinta garaaca garaaca laser.Waxay ka socotaa \ (7 ~\ qoraalka {kHz} \) ilaa \ (2 ~ \ qoraalka {MHz} \), iyo inta jeer ee xarunta waa \ (~ 0.7 ~\text {MHz} \) nooca laser-ka bilaashka ah.
Qaybinta ku meel gaadhka ah ee xoojinta garaaca garaaca laysarka (a) iyo xawaaraha dhawaaqa (b) ee dusha dambe ee muunada, spectra (qallooca buluuga ah) ee hal garaaca laysarka (c) iyo garaaca ultrasound (d) ayaa celcelis ahaan ka badan 300 garaaca garaaca leysarka (qalooca cas) .
Waxaan si cad u kala saari karnaa qaybaha hoose ee soo noqnoqda iyo kuwa sare ee daaweynta dhawaaqa ee u dhigma baqshadda hoose ee garaaca laysarka iyo is-beddelka heerka sare, siday u kala horreeyaan.Sidaa darteed, saameynta ugu weyn ee qaybaha soo noqnoqoshada sare ee ballaadhan ee dhawaaqa dhawaaqa ee qaab-dhismeedka yar yar ayaa la filayaa.
Hababka jireed ee SLM waa kuwo adag oo isku mar ku dhaca miisaan kala duwan oo ku meel gaar ah iyo kuwo ku meel gaar ah. Sidaa darteed, hababka kala duwan ayaa ugu habboon falanqaynta aragtida SLM. Moodooyinka xisaabtu waa in ay marka hore noqdaan kuwo badan oo jidheed. Farsamada iyo heerkulbeegga dhexdhexaadinta dhexdhexaadka ah "adag-dhaqaale dhalaalaysa" oo la falgala jawi gaas aan firfircoonayn.
Heerarka kuleylinta iyo qaboojinta ilaa \(10^6~\text {K}/\text {s}\) /\text{ iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay shucaaca leysarka gudaha oo leh cufnaanta tamarta ilaa \(10^{13}~\text {W} cm}^2\).
Wareegga adkeysigu wuxuu socdaa inta u dhaxaysa 1 iyo \(10~\text {ms}\), kaas oo gacan ka geysta adkaynta degdega ah ee aagga dhalaalka inta lagu jiro qaboojinta.
Kuleylinta degdega ah ee natiijada sambalka natiijada in formation of stress thermoelastic sare ee lakabka dusha. Ku Filan (ilaa 20%) qayb ka mid ah lakabka budada ah ayaa si xoog leh uumi63, taas oo keenta in culays dheeraad ah oo cadaadis on dusha sare jawaabta in ablation.Consequently, cadaadiska keentay si weyn u qalloocis qaybta, gaar ahaan u dhow taageerooyinka iyo heerka kululaynta dhuuban dhismeedka unugyada laser ee unugyada dhuuban ee joomatariga ah ee lakabka sare ee ultrasonic. agate laga soo bilaabo dusha sare ilaa substrate.Si loo helo xog sax ah oo qiyaas ah oo ku saabsan walbahaarka maxalliga ah iyo qaybinta culeyska, jilitaanka mesoscopic ee dhibaatada qallafsanaanta laastikada ee isku dhafan kulaylka iyo wareejinta ballaaran ayaa la sameeyaa.
Guddoomiyayaasha ee loo qaabeeyey qaabka loo yaqaan 'Dulubyada kuleylka aan degganeyn waxay kuxirantahay Wajiga Sariirta (budada, polycresstantine-ka) iyo isbarbardhiga xad-gudubka xadidan. Itomex Flux.the Flux-ka ballaaran waxaa lagu qeexay iyadoo lagu saleynayo xisaabinta uumiga uumiga ee buuxinta ee walxaha kacsan ee kacsan. \ upru \ qoraalka {qoraalka} \) ee dhexroor dhexmara dhexroor.
Jaantuska 3 wuxuu muujinayaa natiijooyinka jilitaanka nambarada ee aagga dhalaalay iyadoo la adeegsanayo moodal xisaabeed makroscopic ah. Dhexroorka aagga fiyuuska waa \ (200 ~ \ upmu \ qoraalka {m} \) t {K} \) sababtoo ah isugeynta sare ee isugeynta garaaca garaaca wadnaha Natiijooyinka kulaylka degdega ah ee lakabka dusha sare, halkaasoo kuleylka kulaylka ee substrate uusan ku filneyn inuu ka saaro kulaylka. Sidaa darteed, at \ (t=26 ~\upmu \ text {s} \) heerkulka dusha sare wuxuu u sarreeyaa sida \ (4800~\text {K})).
Natiijooyinka jilitaanka nambarada ee aagga dhalaalka ah ee hal-abuurka garaaca wadnaha laser kaliya ee saxanka muunada 316L. Waqtiga laga bilaabo bilawga garaaca wadnaha ilaa qoto dheer ee barkada dhalaalka ah ee gaadhaya qiimaha ugu sarreeya waa \ (180 ~ \ upmu \ text {s} \) si diiqada wax-soo-saarka loo xisaabiyo sida heerkulka heerkulka qaybta soo socota. Sidaa darteed, domainka u dhexeeya labada isolines (T = T_L \) iyo isobars \ (\ sigma = \ sigma _V (T) \)), marxaladda adag waxaa lagu soo rogay culeysyo farsamo oo xoog leh, taas oo keeni karta isbeddel ku yimaada qaab-dhismeedka yaryar.
Saamayntan ayaa sidoo kale lagu sharaxay Jaantuska 4a, halkaasoo heerka cadaadiska ee aagga dhalaalka ah loo qoondeeyey sida wakhtiga iyo fogaanta dusha sare. Marka hore, dabeecadda cadaadiska waxay la xiriirtaa isbeddelka xoojinta garaaca wadnaha laser ee lagu qeexay Jaantuska 2 ee kor ku xusan. Cadaadiska ugu sarreeya \ qoraalka {s} \) ee ku saabsan \ (10 ​​~\text {MPa} \) ee ku saabsan \ (10 ​​~\text {MPa} \) ee ku saabsan \ (10 ​​~\text {MPa} \) ayaa lagu arkay qiyaastii \ (t) cadaadiska maxalliga ah. dhibic waxay leedahay sifooyin oscillation la mid ah sida inta jeer ee \ (500 ~ \ text {kHz} \) .Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in mawjadaha cadaadiska ultrasonic ayaa la soo saaray dusha sare ka dibna ku faafin substrate-ka.
Tilmaamaha la xisaabiyay ee aagga qallafsanaanta ee u dhow aagga dhalaalka ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 4b. Ablation laser iyo stress thermoelastic waxay dhaliyaan mowjadaha qallafsan ee ku faafa substrate-ka. Sida laga arki karo shaxanka, waxaa jira laba marxaladood oo walaac ah. Inta lagu jiro marxaladda koowaad ee \ (t <40 ~ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \) \ (t <40 ~ upmu \ qoraalka {s} \) \ (8 culeyska culeyska ee dusha sare) Cadaadiskaani wuxuu ku dhacaa sababtoo ah ciribtirka laysarka, mana jirin diiqad heerkulbeeg ah oo lagu arkay dhibcaha xakamaynta sababtoo ah aagga hore ee kulaylka saameeyay aad ayuu u yaraa.Marka kulaylka lagu daadiyo substrate-ka, barta xakamaynta waxay abuurtaa cadaadis heerkul sare oo ka sarreeya \ (40 ~ \ qoraalka {MPa} \).
Heerarka cadaadiska modulated ee la helay waxay saameyn weyn ku yeelan karaan isku-dhafka dareeraha adag waxaana laga yaabaa inay noqoto habka xakamaynta ee lagu maamulo waddada adkeynta. Cabbirka aagga qallafsanaanta waa 2 ilaa 3 jeer ka weyn kan aagga dhalaalka. Sida ku cad Jaantuska 3, meesha isotherm dhalaalaysa iyo heerka cadaadiska siman ee cadaadiska wax-soo-saarka ayaa la barbar dhigayaa. Tani waxay ka dhigan tahay in pulsed laser wax ku ool ah oo u dhexeeya meelaha \ 0 ee dhexroorka \ 0 ee dhexroorka \ 0 ee dhexroorka 0 ee dhexroorka \ 0 ee dhexroorka \ 0 ee dhexroorka 0 ee dhexroorka \ mu \text {m} \) iyadoo ku xiran waqtiga degdega ah.
Sidaa darteed, habaynta adag ee annealing laser pulsed waxay keenaysaa saamaynta ultrasonic. The microstructure dariiqa xulashada way ka duwan tahay haddii la barbar dhigo SLM iyada oo aan lahayn loading ultrasonic.Gobollada qallafsan ee aan xasilloonayn waxay keenaan wareegyo xilliyeedka ah ee cadaadiska iyo fidinta wajiga adag si loo naqshadeeyo qaab-dhismeedka garaaca wadnaha-ku-dhalasho ee ultrasound-ku wado habka SLM. Xaaladdan, inductor piezoelectric 26 ee loo isticmaalo meelo kale waa laga saari karaa.
(a) Cadaadiska sida wakhtiga, lagu xisaabiyo masaafo kala duwan oo ka mid ah dusha 0, 20 iyo \ (40~\upmu \text {m} \) oo ay weheliyaan dhidibka summetry.
Tijaabooyinka waxaa lagu sameeyay AISI 321H taarikada birta aan lahayn ee cabbirka \ (20 \ jeer 20 \ jeer 5 ~ \ qoraalka {mm} \) . Ka dib garaac kasta oo laser ah, saxanku wuu dhaqaaqaa \ (50 ~ \ upmu \ text {m} \), iyo dhexda laysarka dhexda ee dusha bartilmaameedku wuxuu ku saabsan yahay \ (100 ~ \ u gudubto shanta hoose \ m) si loo soo saaro dib-u-kicinta walxaha la warshadeeyay ee sifaynta hadhuudhka.Dhammaan kiisaska, aagga dib loo soo celiyay ayaa ahaa sonicated, taas oo ku xidhan qaybta oscillatory ee shucaaca laysarka. Tani waxay keenaysaa in ka badan 5-laab hoos u dhac ku yimaada aagga hadhuudhka celceliska. Sawirka 5 wuxuu muujinayaa sida microstructure ee gobolka laser-ku-dhalatay uu isbeddelayo tirada wareegyada dib-u-dhaqaajinta soo socda (maritaanka).
Shirqoolo-hoosaadyo (a,d,g,j) iyo (b,e,h,k) - qaab-dhismeed-yar oo ah gobollada dhalaalay laysarka, qoryo-hoosaadyo (c,f,i,l) - qaybinta aagga miraha midabka leh.Midabku waxay u dhigmaan gobollada hadhuudhka (fiiri bar midabka sare ee histogram-ka. Qayb-hoosaadyada (ac) waxay u dhigmaan birta aan la daweynin, iyo subplots (df), (gi), (jl) waxay u dhigantaa 1, 3 iyo 5 remelts.
Maaddaama tamarta garaaca laysarka aysan isbeddelin inta u dhaxaysa baasaska xiga, qoto dheer ee aagga dhalaalka ah waa isku mid.Sidaas darteed, kanaalka soo socda ayaa si buuxda u "daboolaya" kii hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, histogram-ku wuxuu muujinayaa in celceliska iyo dhexdhexaadiyaha hadhuudhka uu hoos u dhaco tirada sii kordheysa ee baasaska. Tani waxay muujin kartaa in leysku uu ku shaqeynayo substrate halkii dhalaali lahaa.
Sifaynta hadhuudhka waxaa laga yaabaa inay sababto qaboojinta degdega ah ee barkada dhalaalaysa65. Tijaabooyin kale oo tijaabo ah ayaa la sameeyay kuwaas oo dusha sare ee taarikada birta ah (321H iyo 316L) ay soo bandhigeen shucaaca laser-ka ee joogtada ah ee jawiga (Jaantus. 6) iyo faaruq (Sawir 7) . Celceliska awoodda laser (300 W iyo 100) ee qoto dheer ee laser-ga waa natiijada tijaabada ah ee N-ka ee qoto dheer in hab orod bilaash ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qaab-dhismeedka columnar caadiga ah ayaa la arkay.
Microstructure ee gobolka laysarka-dhalaalay ee leysarka mowjadaha joogtada ah (300 W awood joogto ah, 200 mm/s xawaaraha iskaanka, AISI 321H birta ah).
(a) Microstructure iyo (b) sawirka dib-u-soo-celinta elektarooniga ah ee aagga dhalaalka laysarka ee vacuum laser mowjadaha joogtada ah (awood joogto ah 100 W, xawaaraha iskaanka 200 mm/s, AISI 316L ahama) \ (\sim 2 ~ \ qoraalka {mbar} \).
Sidaa darteed, waxaa si cad loo muujiyay in habaynta adag ee xoojinta garaaca wadnaha laser uu saameyn weyn ku yeelanayo natiijada microstructure.We waxay aaminsan tahay in saameyntani ay tahay farsamada dabiiciga ah waxayna dhacdaa sababtoo ah jiilka gariirrada ultrasonic ee faafinaya dusha sare ee dhalaalidda qoto dheer ee sample. Natiijooyinka la mid ah ayaa laga helay 13, 26, 34, 66, 67 transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduces iyo transduces kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin transduce transduce transduce transduce transduce transduces iyo qalab kala duwan oo ay ka mid yihiin transduce transduce ultrasound. 6Al-4V daawaha 26 iyo birta 34 natiijada of. Habka suurtogalka ah waxaa lagu qiyaasaa sida soo socota. Ultrasound daran waxay keeni kartaa cavitation acoustic, sida lagu muujiyay ultrafast in goobta synchrotron X-ray imaging. Burburkii goobooyin cavitation ah markeeda dhalin mowjado shoog in walxaha dhalaalay \ (tex 10) shoog hore laga yaabaa in wax ku saabsan \ (tex 0) xooggan oo ku filan si kor loogu qaado samaynta nuklei-xajmiga adag ee cabbirka muhiimka ah ee dareeraha badan, khalkhal galinaya qaab dhismeedka hadhuudhka tiirarka caadiga ah ee wax soo saarka lakabka-lakabka.
Halkan, waxaan soo jeedinaynaa farsamo kale oo ka mas'uul ah wax ka beddelka qaab-dhismeedka by sonication aad u daran.Wax ka dib markii adkeysigu waa heerkul sare oo u dhow barta dhalaalka oo uu leeyahay stress dhalidda aad u hooseeya.Mowjadaha ultrasonic daran waxay keeni karaan socodka caag ah si ay u beddelaan qaab-dhismeedka hadhuudhka ah ee alaabta kulul oo kaliya solidified. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, xogta tijaabo lagu kalsoonaan karo oo ku tiirsan heerkulka dhalidda stress waxaa laga heli karaa at \ (T \ ka yar) \ 115 . mala-awaal, waxaanu samaynay jilitaanka molecular dynamics (MD) ee ka kooban Fe-Cr-Ni oo la mid ah AISI 316 L steel si loo qiimeeyo habdhaqanka cadaadiska wax-soo-saarka ee u dhow barta dhalaalka. iyadoo la isticmaalayo koodhadhka LAMMPS 75,76. Faahfaahinta jilitaanka MD ayaa lagu daabici doonaa meelo kale. Natiijooyinka xisaabinta MD ee diiqada dhalidda sida heerkulka heerkulka ayaa lagu muujiyey sawirka 8 oo ay weheliso xogta tijaabada ah ee la heli karo iyo qiimayno kale77,78,79,80,81,82.
Soo saarida diiqad ee heerka AISI 316 austenitic ahama bir ah iyo qaab ka kooban oo ka soo horjeeda heerkulka jilitaanka MD. Cabbirrada tijaabada ah ee tixraacyada: (a) 77, (b) 78, (c) 79, (d) 80, (e) 81. tixraac. Natiijooyinka jilitaanka MD ee daraasaddan waxaa lagu tilmaamay sida \ (\ vartriangleleft \) hal crystal aan cilad lahayn iyo \ (\ vartriangleright \) ee badarka xaddidan iyada oo la tixgelinayo celceliska cabbirka hadhuudhka iyada oo loo marayo cabbirka xiriirka Hall-Petch \ (d = 50 ~ \ upmu \ qoraalka {m} \).
Waxaa la arki karaa in at \ (T> 1500 ~\ qoraalka {K} \) walaaca dhalidda hoos u dhaco \ (40 ~\ qoraalka {MPa} \) . Dhanka kale, qiyaasuhu waxay saadaaliyaan in baaxadda ultrasonic laser-abuuray ka badan yahay \ (40 ~\ text {MPa} \) (eeg sawirka 4b).
Samaynta qaab-dhismeed-yar ee 12Cr18Ni10Ti (AISI 321H) birta aan lahayn austenitic inta lagu guda jiro SLM ayaa si tijaabo ah loo baaray iyadoo la adeegsanayo il leyser oo xoog leh oo isku dhafan.
Yaraynta cabbirka hadhuudhka ee aagga dhalaalidda laysarka ayaa la helay sababtoo ah dib-u-dhalashada laser-ka ee joogtada ah kadib 1, 3 ama 5 baas.
Nashqadaynta makroscopic waxay muujinaysaa in qiyaasta lagu qiyaasay ee gobolka halkaas oo qallafsanaanta ultrasonic ay si togan u saameyn karto hore ee xoojinta waa ilaa \ (1 ~ \ qoraalka {mm} \).
Qaabka MD-ga yar wuxuu muujinayaa in awoodda wax-soo-saarka AISI 316 austenitic birta aan lahayn si weyn loo dhimay ilaa \(40 ~\ qoraalka {MPa} \) oo u dhow barta dhalaalka.
Natiijooyinka la helay waxay soo jeedinayaan habka lagu xakameynayo qaab-dhismeedka yar-yar ee agabka iyadoo la adeegsanayo farsamaynta laysarka la hagaajiyay waxayna u adeegi kartaa aasaas u ah abuurista isbeddel cusub oo farsamada SLM ah.
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