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TiO2 waa qalab semiconductor ah oo loo isticmaalo beddelka korontadda.Si loo wanaajiyo isticmaalkooda iftiinka, nanoparticles nikkel iyo silver sulfide ayaa lagu sameeyay dusha sare ee nanowires TiO2 iyadoo la adeegsanayo hab fudud oo wax lagu qubo iyo sawir-dhimista.Daraasado taxane ah oo ku saabsan ficilka ilaalinta cathodic ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites on 304 steel steel ayaa la sameeyay, iyo qaab-dhismeedka, halabuurka, iyo sifooyinka nuugista iftiinka ee agabka ayaa la xoojiyay.Natiijooyinku waxay muujinayaan in nanocomposites-ka Ag/NiS/TiO2 ee la diyaariyey ay ku siin karaan ilaalinta cathodic ugu fiican ee 304 birta aan lahayn marka tirada nikkel sulfide impregnation- roobka wareegyada waa 6 iyo diiradda saarista nitrate silver waa 0.1M.
Codsiga semiconductors-nooca n-ka ilaalinta sawir-qaadista iyadoo la adeegsanayo iftiinka qorraxdu waxay noqotay mawduuc aad u kulul sannadihii ugu dambeeyay.Marka ay ku faraxsan yihiin iftiinka qoraxda, elektaroonnada ka soo baxa band valence (VB) ee walxaha semiconductor waxay ku farxi doonaan band-wadaha (CB) si ay u dhaliyaan elektaroonno sawir leh.Haddii awoodda band conduction ee semiconductor ama nanocomposite ay ka xun tahay awoodda is-hubin ee birta xidhan, kuwan elektarooniga ah ee la sawiray waxay u wareejin doonaan dusha birta xidhan.Isku-ururinta elektarooniga waxay u horseedi doontaa polarization cathodic birta waxayna bixinaysaa ilaalinta cathodic birta la xidhiidha1,2,3,4,5,6,7.Maaddada semiconductor waxaa aragti ahaan loo tixgeliyaa photoanode aan allabaryo ahayn, tan iyo falcelinta anodic ma hoos u dhigto walxaha semiconductor laftiisa, laakiin oksaydhka biyaha iyada oo loo marayo godadka la sawiray ama wasakhowga organic adsorbed, ama joogitaanka ururiyeyaasha si ay u qabtaan godadka sawir-qaadista.Tan ugu muhiimsan, maaddada semiconductor waa inay lahaataa awood CB ah oo ka xun tan ka iman karta daxalka birta ee la ilaalinayo.Kaliya markaa elektaroonnada sawir-qaadista ayaa ka gudbi kara qaybta korantada ee semiconductor ilaa birta la ilaaliyo. Daraasadaha iska caabbinta daxalka ee sawir-kimikaad waxay diiradda saareen qalabka n-nooca semiconductor-ka ah ee leh nusqaamo ballaaran (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, kuwaas oo kaliya ka jawaabaya iftiinka ultraviolet (<400 nm), yaraynta helitaanka iftiinka. Daraasadaha iska caabbinta daxalka ee sawir-kimikaad waxay diiradda saareen qalabka n-nooca semiconductor-ka ah ee leh nusqaamo ballaaran (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, kuwaas oo kaliya ka jawaabaya iftiinka ultraviolet (<400 nm), yaraynta helitaanka iftiinka. Исследования стойкости к потохимической ирокой запрещенной зоной (3,0–3,2 EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, которые реагируют ние доступности света. Cilmi-baadhis ku saabsan iska caabbinta daxalka sawir-kimikaad waxay diiradda saartay n-nooca qalabka semiconductor inorganic oo leh faashad ballaaran (3.0-3.2 EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 oo kaliya ka jawaaba shucaaca ultraviolet (< 400 nm), helitaanka iftiinka oo yaraaday.光化学耐腐蚀性研究主要集中在具有宽带隙(3.0–3.2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7 的无机n 埋中有上半料仅对紫外光（< 400 nm）有响应，减少光的可用性。光 化学 耐腐 蚀性 研究 主要 在 具有 宽带隙 宽带隙 宽带隙 (3.0–3.2ev) n.料 上 ， 这些减少光的可用性. Исследования стойкости к потохимической n-типа с широкой запрещенной зоной (3,0–3,2EV)1,2,3,4,5,6,7, Cilmi-baadhis ku saabsan iska caabbinta daxalka sawir-kimikaad ayaa inta badan diiradda saarey bandgap ballaaran (3.0-3.2EV) 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 n-nooca unugyada semiconductor-ka ee u nugul kaliya shucaaca UV.(<400 nm).Jawaabta, helitaanka iftiinka ayaa hoos u dhacaya.
Dhinaca ilaalinta daxalka badda, tignoolajiyada ilaalinta cathodic ee photoelectrochemical ayaa door muhiim ah ka ciyaarta.TiO2 waa qalab semiconductor ah oo leh nuugista iftiinka UV aad u fiican iyo sifooyin sawir-qaadis ah.Si kastaba ha noqotee, heerka hooseeya ee isticmaalka iftiinka awgeed, godadka elektarooniga ah ee sawir-qaadista ayaa si fudud dib ugu soo noqda oo aan lagu ilaalin karin xaaladaha mugdiga ah.Cilmi baaris dheeraad ah ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo helo xal macquul ah oo macquul ah.Waxaa la sheegay in habab badan oo wax ka beddelka dusha sare loo isticmaali karaa si loo hagaajiyo photosensitivity ee TiO2, sida doping la Fe, N, iyo qaso Ni3S2, Bi2Se3, CdTe, iwm. Sidaa darteed, TiO2 isku dhafan oo leh qalab tayo sare leh beddelidda photoelectric waxaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa berrinkii ilaalinta cathodic photogenerated..
Nickel sulfide waa walxo semiconductor ah oo leh farqi cidhiidhi ah oo dhuuban oo kaliya 1.24 eV8.9.Inta uu sii yaraado farqiga bandowga, ayaa sii xoogeysanaya isticmaalka iftiinka.Ka dib marka nikkel sulfide lagu daro dusha titanium dioxide, heerka isticmaalka iftiinka waa la kordhin karaa.Marka lagu daro titanium dioxide, waxay si wax ku ool ah u wanaajin kartaa wax ku oolnimada kala soocida elektarooniga iyo godadka.Nickel sulfide waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa soosaarka hydrogencatalytic, baytariyada iyo kala-baxa wasakhaysan8,9,10.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalkeeda ilaalinta photocathode weli lama soo sheegin.Daraasaddan, walxo yar yar oo ah semiconductor ayaa loo doortay si loo xalliyo dhibaatada hooseysa isticmaalka iftiinka TiO2.Nanoparticles nickel iyo silver sulfide ayaa ku xidhnaa dusha sare ee nanowires TiO2 iyadoo la raacayo habab yaraynta iyo sawir-qaadista, siday u kala horreeyaan.Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite waxay hagaajinaysaa waxtarka isticmaalka iftiinka waxayna kordhisaa nuugista iftiinka ee gobolka ultraviolet ilaa gobolka muuqda.Dhanka kale, dhigista nanoparticles lacag ah waxay siinaysaa nanocomposite Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite aad u fiican iyo ilaalinta cathodic deggan.
Marka hore, biibiile titanium oo dhumucdiisu tahay 0.1 mm oo nadiif ah 99.9% ayaa la gooyay cabbirka 30 mm × 10 mm tijaabooyinka.Kadibna, dusha kasta oo ka mid ah foornada titanium-ka ayaa 100 jeer lagu nadiifiyey 2500 oo warqad ciid ah, ka dibna si isdaba-joog ah loogu dhaqay acetone, ethanol dhammaystiran, iyo biyo nadiif ah.Ku rid saxanka titanium isku dar ah 85 ° C (sodium hydroxide: sodium carbonate: biyo = 5: 2: 100) 90 min, ka saar oo ku raaci biyo nadiif ah.Dusha sare waxaa lagu dhejiyay xalka HF (HF: H2O = 1: 5) 1 min, ka dibna si kale ayaa loo dhaqay acetone, ethanol, iyo biyo nadiif ah, oo ugu dambeyntii la qalajiyey si loogu isticmaalo.Titanium dioxide nanowires ayaa si degdeg ah loogu sameeyay dusha sare ee foil titanium iyadoo loo marayo hanaan hal-tallaabo anodizing ah.Wixii anodizing ah, nidaam dhaqameed laba-electrode ah ayaa loo isticmaalaa, korantada shaqaynaysa waa xaashi titanium, iyo korantada counter-ka waa electrode platinum.Ku rid saxanka titanium 400 ml oo 2 M NaOH ah oo leh qalabka korantada.Korontada DC ee hadda jirta ayaa deggan qiyaastii 1.3 A. Heerkulka xalka waxaa lagu hayaa 80 ° C 180 daqiiqo inta lagu jiro falcelinta nidaamka.Waraaqda titanium-ka ayaa la soo saaray, waxaa lagu dhaqay acetone iyo ethanol, waxaa lagu dhaqay biyo nadiif ah, oo si dabiici ah loo qallajiyey.Ka dib shaybaarada waxaa lagu riday foornada muffle at 450 ° C (heerkulka kulaylka 5°C/min), waxaa lagu hayaa heerkul joogto ah 120 daqiiqo, waxaana lagu riday saxaarad qallajin.
Isku-dhafka nikkel sulfide-titanium dioxide waxaa lagu helay hab fudud oo fudud oo meel dhigista.Marka hore, nikkel nitrate (0.03 M) ayaa lagu milmay ethanol waxaana lagu hayaa walaaqaya magnetic 20 daqiiqo si loo helo xal ethanol ah oo nikkel ah.Ka dib diyaari sodium sulfide (0.03 M) oo leh xal isku dhafan oo methanol ah (methanol: biyo = 1: 1).Dabadeed, kaniiniyada titanium dioxide ayaa lagu riday xalka kor lagu diyaariyey, laga soo saaray 4 daqiiqo ka dib, oo si degdeg ah loogu dhaqay xal isku dhafan oo methanol iyo biyo ah (methanol: water=1:1) 1 daqiiqo.Ka dib markii dusha sare la engejiyey, kaniiniyada waxaa lagu dhejiyay foorno muffle ah, kuleyl vacuum at 380 ° C 20 daqiiqo, la qaboojiyey heerkulka qolka, oo la qalajiyey.Tirada wareegyada 2, 4, 6 iyo 8.
Ag nanoparticles ayaa wax laga beddelay Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites iyadoo sawir laga qaaday12,13.Nanocomposite Ag/NiS/TiO2 ee ka soo baxay ayaa lagu meeleeyay xalka nitrate-ka qalinka ah ee lagama maarmaanka u ah tijaabada.Kadibna shaybaarada waxaa lagu shubay iftiinka ultraviolet 30 min, dushooda waxaa lagu nadiifiyay biyo deionized, iyo Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ayaa lagu helay qalajinta dabiiciga ah.Habka tijaabada ah ee kor lagu sharaxay ayaa lagu muujiyay sawirka 1.
Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites waxaa inta badan lagu sifeeyay iskaanka qiiqa hawada ee mikroskoobyada elektaroonigga ah (FESEM), tamarta kala firdhisanaanta spectroscopy (EDS), raajada sawir-qaadista spectroscopy (XPS), iyo milicsiga fidinta ultraviolet iyo kala duwanaanshaha muuqda (UV-Vis).FESEM waxaa lagu sameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo Nova NanoSEM 450 mikroskoob (FEI Corporation, USA).Korantada dardargelinta 1 kV, cabbirka booska 2.0.Qalabku wuxuu isticmaalaa baaritaanka CBS si uu u helo elektaroonnada sare iyo kuwa gadaal laga firdhiyey si loo falanqeeyo muuqaalka kore.EMF waxaa lagu fuliyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo nidaamka Oxford X-Max N50 EMF (Oxford Instruments Technology Co., Ltd.) oo leh koronto dardar leh oo ah 15 kV iyo cabirka booska 3.0.Falanqaynta tayada iyo tirada iyadoo la adeegsanayo raajo sifo ah.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy waxaa lagu sameeyay Escalab 250Xi spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation, USA) oo ku shaqeynaya qaab tamar go'an oo leh awooda kicinta ee 150 W iyo monochromatic Al Kα shucaaca (1486.6 eV) oo ah il xamaasad leh.Sawirka buuxa ee kala duwan 0-1600 eV, wadarta tamarta 50 eV, ballac tilaabada 1.0 eV, iyo kaarboon aan nadiif ahayn (~ 284.8 eV) ayaa loo isticmaalay tixraacyada sixitaanka kharashka tamarta.Tamarta gudbinta ee iskaanka cidhiidhiga ah waxay ahayd 20 eV oo leh tallaabo 0.05 eV ah.Fikirka milicsiga spectroscopy ee gobolka UV-muuqda waxaa lagu sameeyay Cary 5000 spectrometer (Varian, USA) oo leh saxan barium sulfate ah oo cabirkiisu yahay 10-80°.
Shaqadan, halabuurka (boqolkiiba culeyska) ee 304 birta aan la taaban karin waa 0.08 C, 1.86 Mn, 0.72 Si, 0.035 P, 0.029 s, 18.25 Cr, 8.5 Ni, inta soo hartayna waa Fe.10mm x 10mm x 10mm 304 bir aan lahayn, epoxy dheri leh 1 cm2 oogada kore.Oogada sare waxaa lagu cameeyey 2400 oo xajmi ah silikoon carbide sandpaper waxaana lagu maydhay ethanol.Birta aan lahayn ayaa markaa lagu dhex milmay biyo la miiray ilaa 5 daqiiqo ka dibna waxaa lagu kaydiyaa foornada.
Tijaabada OCP, 304 bir ah oo aan lahayn iyo Ag/NiS/TiO2 photoanode ayaa lagu dhex riday unug daxalka ah iyo unugga photoanode, siday u kala horreeyaan (Jaantus. 2).Unugga daxalka waxaa ka buuxsamay 3.5% NaCl xal, iyo 0.25 M Na2SO3 ayaa lagu shubay unugga photoanode sida dabin dalool ah.Labada electrolytes ayaa laga soocay isku dar ah iyadoo la isticmaalayo xuubka naphthol.OCP waxaa lagu cabiray goobta shaqada korantada (P4000+, USA).Elektroodhka tixraaca wuxuu ahaa kolleydh calomel oo buuxa (SCE).Isha iftiinka (lambaska xenon, PLS-SXE300C, Poisson Technologies Co., Ltd.) iyo saxan gooyay 420 ayaa la dhigay meel ka baxsan isha iftiinka, taasoo u oggolaanaysa iftiinka muuqda inuu dhex maro muraayadda quartz ee photoanode.Qalabka birta ah ee 304 wuxuu ku xiran yahay photoanode oo leh silig naxaas ah.Tijaabada ka hor, 304 elektarooniga birta aan fiicnayn ayaa lagu qooyay 3.5% NaCl xal 2 h si loo hubiyo xaalad deggan.Bilawga tijaabada, marka nalka la shido oo la damiyo, elektaroonnada xiisaha leh ee photoanode waxay gaaraan dusha sare ee 304 birta aan lahayn iyada oo loo marayo siliga.
Tijaabooyin ku saabsan cufnaanta sawirka, 304SS iyo Ag / NiS / TiO2 photoanodes ayaa lagu dhejiyay unugyada daxalka iyo unugyada photoanode, siday u kala horreeyaan (Jaantus. 3).Cufnaanta sawirka hadda jirta waxaa lagu qiyaasay isla qaabaynta OCP.Si loo helo cufnaanta sawirka dhabta ah ee u dhaxaysa 304 birta aan birta lahayn iyo photoanode, potentiostat ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii ammeter iska caabin eber ah si loogu xidho 304 birta aan lahayn iyo photoanode ee xaaladaha aan dabaylaha ahayn.Si taas loo sameeyo, tixraaca iyo counter-electrodes-ka ku jira habaynta tijaabada waxay ahaayeen kuwo gaaban oo wareeg ah, sidaas darteed goobta shaqada korantada waxay u shaqeysay sidii ammeter-ka caabbinta eber oo cabbiri karta cufnaanta dhabta ah ee hadda jirta.Qalabka birta ah ee 304 wuxuu ku xiran yahay dhulka goobta shaqada korantada, iyo photoanode wuxuu ku xiran yahay qalabka korontada ku shaqeeya.Bilawga tijaabada, marka nalka la shido oo la damiyo, elektaroonnada xiisaha leh ee photoanode ee fiilada waxay gaaraan dusha sare ee 304 birta ah.Waqtigan xaadirka ah, isbeddel ku yimaada cufnaanta sawirka ee dusha sare ee 304 birta aan fiicnayn ayaa la arki karaa.
Si aad u barato waxqabadka ilaalinta cathodic ee nanocomposites ee 304 birta aan la taaban karin, isbeddelka awoodda sawir-qaadista ee 304 birta aan lahayn iyo nanocomposites, iyo sidoo kale isbeddelka sawir-qaadista cufnaanta hadda ee u dhexeeya nanocomposites iyo 304 steels, ayaa la tijaabiyay.
On berde.4 waxay muujinaysaa isbeddelada awoodda wareegga furan ee 304 birta aan fiicnayn iyo nanocomposites ee hoos yimaada iftiinka iftiinka muuqda iyo xaaladaha mugdiga ah.On berde.4a waxay ku tusinaysaa saamaynta wakhtiga dhigista NiS iyada oo la dhex galinayo awooda wareegga furan, iyo fig.4b waxay tusinaysaa saamaynta nitrate-ka qalinka ah ee xoogga saarista awoodda wareegga furan inta lagu jiro sawir-qaadista.On berde.4a waxay tusinaysaa in awoodda wareegga furan ee NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ee ku xidhan 304 birta aan la taaban karin ay si weyn hoos ugu dhacday xilligan nalka la shido marka la barbar dhigo isku-dhafka nikkel sulfide.Intaa waxaa dheer, awoodda wareegga furan ee furan ayaa ka sii xun marka loo eego kuwa TiO2 nanowires saafi ah, taas oo muujinaysa in isku-dhafka nikkel sulfide uu dhaliyo elektaroono badan oo wanaajinaya saameynta ilaalinta photocathode ee TiO2.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dhammaadka soo-gaadhista, awoodda wax-load-ka-qaadista ayaa si degdeg ah u kordheysa awoodda wax-qabad la'aanta ee birta aan-ka-soo-saarka lahayn, taas oo muujinaysa in nikel sulfide uusan lahayn saameyn kaydinta tamarta.Saamaynta tirada wareegyada dhigaalka immersion ee awoodda wareegga furan waxaa lagu arki karaa sawirka 4a.Waqtiga kaydinta 6, awoodda xad dhaafka ah ee nanocomposite waxay gaartaa -550 mV marka loo eego korantada calomel ee saturated, iyo awoodda nanocomposite ee lagu kaydiyo qodob 6 ayaa aad uga hooseeya kan nanocomposite ee xaaladaha kale.Sidaa darteed, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ee la helay ka dib 6 wareegyo dhigaal ah ayaa bixiyay ilaalinta cathodic ugu fiican ee 304 birta ah.
Isbeddellada OCP ee 304 electrodes-ka birta ah oo leh NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (a) iyo Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites (b) leh ama aan lahayn iftiin (λ> 400 nm).
Sida ku cad fig.4b, awoodda wareegga furan ee 304 birta aan fiicnayn iyo Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ayaa si weyn hoos loogu dhigay marka la soo bandhigo iftiinka.Ka dib dhigista dusha sare ee nanoparticles qalinka, awoodda wareegga furan ayaa si weyn hoos ugu dhacday marka la barbar dhigo nanowires TiO2 saafi ah.Awoodda NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite waa mid taban, taas oo muujinaysa in saamaynta ilaalinta cathodic ee TiO2 ay si weyn u fiicnaanayso ka dib marka Ag nanoparticles la dhigo.Awoodda wareegga furan ayaa si degdeg ah u korodhay dhammaadka soo-gaadhista, marka la barbar dhigo korantada calomel ee saturated, awoodda wareegga furan waxay gaari kartaa -580 mV, taas oo ka hooseysa 304 birta aan lahayn (-180 mV).Natiijadani waxay muujinaysaa in nanocomposite uu leeyahay saamayn kayd tamar oo cajiib ah ka dib markii qaybo lacag ah lagu shubo dusheeda.On berde.4b waxa kale oo ay tusinaysaa saamaynta ay nitrate-ka qalinka ku ururinayso awoodda wareegga furan.Marka la eego nitrate-ka qalinka ah ee 0.1 M, awoodda xaddidan ee xaddidan marka loo eego korantada calomel ee saturated waxay gaartaa -925 mV.Kadib wareegyada codsiga 4, suurtagalnimada ayaa ku hadhay heerka ka dib codsigii ugu horreeyay, taas oo muujinaysa xasilloonida wanaagsan ee nanocomposite.Sidaa darteed, marka la eego nitrate-ka qalinka ah ee 0.1 M, natiijada Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposite waxay leedahay saameynta ugu wanaagsan ee ilaalinta cathodic ee 304 birta ah.
Dhigista NiS ee dusha sare ee TiO2 nanowires ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u wanaajisay iyadoo kordhinaysa wakhtiga dhigista NiS.Marka iftiinka muuqda uu ku dhufto dusha nanowire, meelo badan oo nikkel sulfide ah oo firfircoon ayaa ku faraxsan inay soo saaraan elektarooniga, iyo awoodda sawir qaadista ayaa hoos u dhacda in ka badan.Si kastaba ha noqotee, marka nikkel sulfide nanoparticles si xad dhaaf ah loogu shubo dusha sare, nikkel sulfide oo faraxsan ayaa la yareeyaa halkii, taas oo aan wax ku biirin nuugista iftiinka.Ka dib markii qaybaha lacagta ah lagu shubo dusha sare, sababtoo ah saameynta resonance plasmon ee qaybaha lacagta, elektaroonnada la soo saaray ayaa si dhakhso ah loogu wareejin doonaa dusha sare ee 304 birta aan fiicnayn, taasoo keentay saameyn ilaalinta cathodic aad u fiican.Marka qaybo badan oo lacag ah lagu shubo dusha sare, qaybaha qalinku waxay noqdaan barta dib-u-habaynta ee photoelectrons iyo godad, taas oo aan wax ku biirin jiilka photoelectrons.Gebogebadii, Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites waxay ku siin karaan ilaalinta cathodic ugu fiican 304 birta aan daahin ka dib 6 laab nikkel sulfide dhigaalka hoos 0.1 M nitrate silver.
Qiimaha cufnaanta sawirku waxa ay ka dhigan tahay kala soocida awoodda elektarooniga ee la sawiray iyo godadka, iyo marka ay sii weynaato cufnaanta sawirka, way sii xoogaysanaysaa awoodda kala-soocidda ee elektaroonnada la sawiray iyo godadka.Waxaa jira daraasado badan oo muujinaya in NiS si weyn loogu isticmaalo isku dhafka qalabka sawir-qaadista si loo hagaajiyo sifooyinka korantada ee alaabta iyo in la kala saaro godadka15,16,17,18,19,20.Chen iyo al.graphene bir-la'aan ah oo la bartay iyo g-C3N4 isku dhafan oo lagu daray NiS15.Inta ugu badan ee sawirka hadda jira ee g-C3N4/0.25%RGO/3%NiS waa 0.018 μA/cm2.Chen iyo al.wax ku bartay CdSe-NiS cufnaanta sawirka hadda ah ee ku saabsan 10 µA/cm2.16.Liu iyo al.la sameeyay CdS@NiS isku dhafan oo leh cufnaanta sawir ee 15 µA/cm218.Si kastaba ha ahaatee, isticmaalka NiS ee ilaalinta sawir-qaadista weli lama soo sheegin.Daraasadeena, cufnaanta sawirka ee TiO2 ayaa si weyn u kordhay wax ka beddelka NiS.On berde.5 waxay muujinaysaa isbeddelada cufnaanta sawir-qaadista ee 304 birta aan-ka-soo-baxa ah iyo nanocomposites hoostooda xaaladaha iftiinka muuqda iyo iftiin la'aan.Sida ku cad fig.5a, cufnaanta sawir-qaadista ee NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite ayaa si degdeg ah u kordheysa wakhtiga iftiinka iftiinka, iyo cufnaanta sawir-qaadaha waa mid togan, taas oo muujinaysa qulqulka elektaroonigga ee nanocomposite ilaa dusha sare iyada oo loo marayo goobta shaqada korantada.304 bir ah.Ka dib diyaarinta isku-dhafka nikkel sulfide, cufnaanta sawir-qaadaha ayaa ka weyn tan TiO2 nanowires saafi ah.Cufnaanta sawirka hadda ee NiS waxay gaartaa 220 μA/cm2, taas oo 6.8 jeer ka sarraysa ta TiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2), marka NiS la geliyo oo la dhigo 6 jeer.Sida ku cad fig.5b, cufnaanta sawirka ee u dhaxaysa Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite iyo 304 birta aan lahayn ayaa aad uga saraysay inta u dhaxaysa TiO2 saafi ah iyo NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite marka lagu shido nalka xenon hoostiisa.On berde.Jaantuska 5b sidoo kale wuxuu muujinayaa saameynta xoogga AgNO ee cufnaanta sawirka inta lagu jiro sawir-qaadista.Marka la eego nitrate-ka qalinka ah ee 0.1 M, cufnaanta sawirka hadda jirta waxay gaartaa 410 μA/cm2, taas oo 12.8 jeer ka sarreysa kan TiO2 nanowires (32 μA/cm2) iyo 1.8 jeer ka sarreeya kan NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.Goob koronto oo heterojunction ah ayaa laga sameeyay Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite interface, kaas oo sahlaya kala soocida elektarooniga la sawiray ee godadka.
Isbeddellada cufnaanta sawirka ee 304 elektrode-ka-soo-baxa ah oo leh (a) NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite iyo (b) Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite leh ama aan lahayn iftiin (λ> 400 nm).
Sidaa darteed, ka dib 6 wareegyo ee nikkel sulfide immersion-deposition in 0.1 M nitrate lacag uruursan, cufnaanta photocurrent u dhexeeya Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites iyo 304 ahama birta gaadho 410 μA/cm2, kaas oo ka sarreeya kan calomel buuxa.Electrodes waxay gaarayaan -925 mV.Xaaladahan hoos yimaada, 304 bir ah oo lagu daray Ag/NiS/TiO2 ayaa bixin kara ilaalinta cathodic ugu fiican.
On berde.6 waxay tusinaysaa sawirada mikroskoob ee elektarooniga ah ee nanowires titanium dioxide saafi ah, nanoparticles nikkel sulfide nanoparticles ah, iyo nanoparticles qalin ah oo hoos yimaada xaaladaha ugu fiican.On berde.6a, d muujinaya TiO2 nanowires saafi ah oo laga helay anodization-hal-heer.Qaybinta dusha sare ee nanowires titanium dioxide waa lebis, qaab dhismeedka nanowires waa isku dhow yihiin midba midka kale, iyo qaybinta cabbirka daloolka waa lebis.Jaantusyada 6b iyo e waa micrographs elektaroonig ah oo ah titanium dioxide ka dib 6-laab impregnation iyo dhigidda isku-dhafka nikkel sulfide.Laga soo bilaabo sawirka microscopic elektarooniga ah oo lagu weyneeyey 200,000 jeer ee Jaantuska 6e, waxa la arki karaa in nikkel sulfide ka kooban nanoparticles ay yihiin kuwo isku mid ah oo leh cabbir weyn oo ah qiyaastii 100-120 nm dhexroor.Qaar ka mid ah nanoparticles ayaa lagu arki karaa booska bannaan ee nanowires, iyo nanowires titanium dioxide si cad ayaa loo arki karaa.On berde.6c,f waxay muujinaysaa sawirada elektarooniga ah ee microscopic ee NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites at AgNO uruurinta 0.1 M. Marka loo eego berdaha.6b iyo fig.6e, bari.6c iyo fig.6f waxay tusinaysaa in nanoparticles-ka Ag lagu kaydiyo dusha sare ee walxaha isku dhafan, iyada oo nanoparticles-ka Ag si siman loo qaybiyay oo leh dhexroor qiyaastii 10 nm.On berde.7 waxay muujinaysaa qaybta iskutallaabta ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms oo lagu sameeyay wareegyada 6 ee kaydinta NiS ee qiyaasta AgNO3 ee 0.1 M. Laga soo bilaabo sawirada weyneynta sare, dhumucda filimka la qiyaasay waxay ahayd 240-270 nm.Sidaa darteed, nikkel iyo silver nanoparticles sulfide ayaa lagu ururiyaa oogada TiO2 nanowires.
TiO2 saafi ah (a, d), NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites oo leh wareegyada 6 ee kaydinta NiS (b, e) iyo Ag/NiS/NiS oo leh wareegyada 6 ee kaydinta NiS ee 0.1 M AgNO3 SEM sawirada TiO2 nanocomposites (c, e).
Qaybta iskutallaabta ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanofilms ayaa lagu sagootiyay 6 wareegyo oo dhigista NiS-ku-dhigista AgNO3 ee 0.1 M.
On berde.8 waxay muujinaysaa qaybinta dusha sare ee walxaha dusha sare ee Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites ee laga helay wareegyada 6 ee nikkel sulfide dip deposition at fiirsashada nitrate silver ee 0.1 M. Qaybinta dusha sare ee walxaha waxay muujinaysaa in Ti, O, Ni, S iyo Ag la ogaaday.iyadoo la isticmaalayo spectroscopy energy.Marka la eego nuxurka, Ti iyo O ayaa ah kuwa ugu caansan qaybinta, halka Ni iyo S ay isku qiyaas yihiin, laakiin nuxurkoodu aad ayuu uga hooseeyaa Ag.Waxa kale oo la caddayn karaa in cadadka nanoparticles qalinka ah ee isku dhafan ee dusha sare uu ka weyn yahay kan nikkel sulfide.Qaybinta lebiska ee canaasiirta dusha sare waxay muujinaysaa in nikkel iyo sulfide silver ay si isku mid ah ugu xidhan yihiin dusha TiO2 nanowires.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic falanqaynta ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyay si loo falanqeeyo ka kooban gaar ah iyo xaaladda xidhitaan ee walxaha.
Qaybinta curiyeyaasha (Ti, O, Ni, S, iyo Ag) ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites at AgNO3 uruurinta 0.1 M ee wareegyada 6 ee kaydinta NiS.
On berde.Jaantuska 9 wuxuu muujinayaa spectra XPS ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ee la helay iyadoo la adeegsanayo wareegyada 6 ee kaydinta nikkel sulfide by immersion 0.1 M AgNO3, halkaas oo fig.9a waa spectrum buuxa, inta kale ee spectra-yada ayaa ah muuqaal-xalinta sare ee walxaha.Sida laga arki karo muuqaalka buuxa ee Jaantuska 9a, meelaha ugu sarreeya ee nuugista Ti, O, Ni, S, iyo Ag ayaa laga helay nanocomposite, taas oo caddaynaysa jiritaanka shantan walxood.Natiijooyinka imtixaanku waxay ahaayeen kuwo waafaqsan EDS.Xad-dhaafka ugu sarreeya ee Jaantuska 9a waa kaarboonka ugu sarreeya ee loo isticmaalo in lagu saxo tamarta isku xidhka ee muunadda.On berde.9b waxa ay tusinaysaa cabirka tamarta xalinta sare ee Ti.Meelaha ugu sarreeya ee nuugista 2p orbitals waxay ku yaalaan 459.32 iyo 465 eV, taas oo u dhiganta nuugista Ti 2p3/2 iyo Ti 2p1/2 orbitals.Laba meelood oo nuugista ah ayaa caddaynaya in titanium uu leeyahay Ti4+ valence, kaas oo u dhigma Ti gudaha TiO2.
Muuqaalka XPS ee cabbiraadaha Ag/NiS/TiO2 (a) iyo cabbirka sare XPS spectra ee Ti2p(b), O1s(c), Ni2p(d), S2p(e), iyo Ag 3d(f).
On berde.9d waxa ay tusinaysaa spectrum tamarta Ni-xalinta sare leh oo leh afar nuugista ugu sarreysa Ni 2p orbital.Nuugista ugu sarreysa ee 856 iyo 873.5 eV waxay u dhigantaa Ni 2p3/2 iyo Ni 2p1/2 8.10 orbitals, halkaasoo meelaha ugu sarreeya nuugista ay iska leedahay NiS.Nuugista ugu sarreysa ee 881 iyo 863 eV waxaa loogu talagalay nikkel nitrate waxaana sababa reagent nikkel inta lagu jiro diyaarinta muunada.On berde.9e waxay muujinaysaa xal sare S-spectrum.Meelaha ugu sarreeya ee nuugista S 2p orbitals waxay ku yaalaan 161.5 iyo 168.1 eV, taas oo u dhiganta S 2p3/2 iyo S 2p1/2 orbitals 21, 22, 23, 24. Labadan sare waxay ka tirsan yihiin nikkel sulfide xeryahooda.Nuugista ugu sarreysa ee 169.2 iyo 163.4 eV waxaa loogu talagalay reagent sodium sulfide.On berde.9f waxay muujinaysaa heerka sare ee spectrum Ag kaas oo 3d orbital nuugista ugu sarreysa ee qalinku ay ku yaalaan 368.2 iyo 374.5 eV, siday u kala horreeyaan, iyo laba nuugista nuugista waxay u dhigantaa wareegga nuugista ee Ag 3d5/2 iyo Ag 3d3/212, 13Sidaa darteed, nanocomposites inta badan waxay ka kooban yihiin Ag, NiS iyo TiO2, taas oo lagu go'aamiyay raajada photoelectron spectroscopy, taas oo caddeeyey in nanoparticles nickel iyo silver sulfide nanoparticles ayaa si guul leh la isugu daray oogada TiO2 nanowires.
On berde.10 waxay tusinaysaa UV-VIS muuqaal milicsiga fidinta ee TiO2 nanowires oo dhowaan la diyaariyey, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, iyo Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka in heerka nuugista ee TiO2 nanowires uu yahay qiyaastii 390 nm, iftiinka nuugaya wuxuu inta badan ku urursan yahay gobolka ultraviolet.Waxaa laga arki karaa shaxanka in ka dib marka la isku daro nikkel iyo silver sulfide nanoparticles oo ku yaal dusha sare ee titanium dioxide nanowires 21, 22, iftiinka nuugaya wuxuu ku faafiyaa gobolka iftiinka muuqda.Isla mar ahaantaana, nanocomposite waxay kordhisay nuugista UV, taas oo la xiriirta farqiga cidhiidhiga ah ee nikkel sulfide.Marka ay sii yaraato farqiga u dhexeeya xargaha, ayaa hoos u dhigaya xannibaadda tamarta ee kala-guurka elektaroonigga ah iyo sare u qaadista heerka isticmaalka iftiinka.Ka dib marka la isku daro NiS/TiO2 oogada oo leh nanoparticles qalin ah, xoojinta nuugista iyo hirarka iftiinka si weyn uma kordhin, badi ahaan saameynta resonance plasmon ee dusha nanoparticles qalinka ah.Mawjada dhererka nuugista ee TiO2 nanowires si weyn uma horumarayso marka la barbar dhigo faraqa cidhiidhiga ah ee nanoparticles NiS.Marka la soo koobo, ka dib markii nikkel sulfide ka kooban iyo nanoparticles silver nanoparticles dusha of titanium dioxide nanowires, ay sifooyin nuugista iftiinka si weyn u soo hagaagtay, iyo kala duwan ee nuugista iftiinka waxaa la kordhiyey laga bilaabo ultraviolet ilaa iftiinka muuqda, taas oo hagaajinaysa heerka isticmaalka ee titanium dioxide nanowires.iftiinka wanaajiya awoodda walaxda si loo dhaliyo sawir-qaade.
UV/Vis milicsiga muuqaalka cusub ee TiO2 nanowires, NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites, iyo Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites.
On berde.11 waxay tusinaysaa habka iska caabbinta daxalka photochemical ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites ee hoos yimaada shucaaca iftiinka muuqda.Iyada oo ku saleysan qaybinta suurtagalka ah ee nanoparticles qalinka ah, nikkel sulfide, iyo band conduction of titanium dioxide, khariidad suurtagal ah ee habka iska caabinta daxalka ayaa la soo jeediyay.Sababtoo ah awoodda korantada ee nanosilver waa mid taban marka loo eego nikkel sulfide, iyo awoodda korantada ee nikkel sulfide waa mid taban marka la barbardhigo titanium dioxide, jihada socodka elektaroonigga ah waa qiyaastii Ag → NiS → TiO2 → 304 birta aan lahayn.Marka iftiinka lagu iftiimiyo dusha sare ee nanocomposite, sababtoo ah saameynta resonance plasmon ee nanosilver, nanosilver wuxuu si dhakhso ah u dhalin karaa godadka sawir-qaadista iyo electrons, iyo elektarooniga sawir-qaadista ayaa si dhakhso ah uga dhaqaaqa booska band valence ilaa booska band conduction sababtoo ah kicinta.Titanium dioxide iyo nikkel sulfide.Tan iyo conductivity ee nanoparticles silver waa ka xun yahay in nikkel sulfide, electrons in TS ee nanoparticles silver ayaa si degdeg ah loogu beddelaa TS of nikkel sulfide.Awoodda samaynta ee nikkel sulfide waa ka xun tahay kan titanium dioxide, sidaas darteed elektaroonnada nikkel sulfide iyo conductivity ee lacagta si degdeg ah u urura CB of titanium dioxide.Elektaroonnada sawir-qaadista ee la sameeyay waxay gaaraan dusha sare ee 304 birta aan birta lahayn iyada oo loo marayo matrix titanium, iyo elektaroonnada la xoojiyey waxay ka qaybqaataan habka dhimista ogsijiinta ee cathodic ee 304 birta aan lahayn.Nidaamkani wuxuu yareeyaa falcelinta cathodic isla markaana isla mar ahaantaana wuxuu xakameynayaa falcelinta kala dirida anodic ee 304 birta birta ah, taas oo ogaanaysa ilaalinta cathodic ee birta aan fiicnayn 04 ahama
Jaantuska jaantuska ee habka ka-hortagga daxalka ee photoelectrochemical ee nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2 ee iftiinka muuqda.
Shaqadan, nikkel iyo silver sulfide nanoparticles ayaa lagu farsameeyay dusha sare ee nanowires TiO2 iyadoo la raacayo hab fudud oo sawir-qaadis ah.Daraasado taxane ah oo ku saabsan ilaalinta cathodic ee Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposites on 304 steel steel ayaa la sameeyay.Iyada oo ku saleysan sifooyinka qaab-dhismeedka, falanqaynta halabuurka iyo falanqaynta sifooyinka nuugista iftiinka, gabagabada ugu muhiimsan ee soo socota ayaa la sameeyay:
Iyada oo tiro ka mid ah wareegyada impregnation-deposition of nikkel sulfide of 6 iyo fiirsashada of nitrate silver for photoreduction of 0.1 mol / l, natiijada Ag / NiS / TiO2 nanocomposites lahaa saamaynta kathodic ka fiican oo ka hortag ah oo ku saabsan 304 ahama.Marka la barbar dhigo korantada calomel saturated, awoodda ilaalintu waxay gaartaa -925 mV, ilaalinta hadda waxay gaartaa 410 μA/cm2.
Goob koronto oo heterojunction ah ayaa laga sameeyay isku xirka Ag/NiS/TiO2 nanocomposite, kaas oo wanaajinaya kala soocida electrons-ka la sawiray iyo godadka.Isla mar ahaantaana, waxtarka ka faa'iidaysiga iftiinka ayaa kor u kacaya waxaana la kordhiyaa qiyaasta nuugista iftiinka laga bilaabo gobolka ultraviolet ilaa gobolka muuqda.Nanocomposite-ka ayaa wali sii hayn doona xaaladdiisii ​​asalka ahayd oo leh xasillooni wanaagsan ka dib wareegyada 4.
Nanocomposites Ag/NiS/TiO2 si tijaabo ah loo diyaariyey waxay leeyihiin lebbis iyo oog cufan.Nikel sulfide iyo nanoparticles qalin ah ayaa si isku mid ah isugu daray oogada TiO2 nanowires.Nanoparticles cobalt ah oo isku dhafan iyo nanoparticles qalin ah ayaa ah nadiif sare.
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